CN117647451A - Device and method for testing shearing strength of undisturbed loess multi-group shearing surfaces - Google Patents
Device and method for testing shearing strength of undisturbed loess multi-group shearing surfaces Download PDFInfo
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- CN117647451A CN117647451A CN202410077404.4A CN202410077404A CN117647451A CN 117647451 A CN117647451 A CN 117647451A CN 202410077404 A CN202410077404 A CN 202410077404A CN 117647451 A CN117647451 A CN 117647451A
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of loess shearing performance test, and discloses a device and a method for testing shearing strength of undisturbed loess multi-group shearing surfaces, wherein the device comprises a force applying unit, a rotating unit and an expanding shearing unit; the force application unit is arranged at an annular soil body in the test hole and is used for applying horizontal normal force to the annular soil body, wherein the annular soil body is remained at the preset elevation range after reaming is performed in an upper preset area and a lower preset area of the preset elevation range in the test hole; the rotating unit is connected with the force applying unit and is used for driving the force applying unit to horizontally rotate in the test hole; the unfolding type shearing unit is connected with the rotating unit and is arranged in the test hole, and the unfolding end of the unfolding type shearing unit is connected with the surface of the annular soil body in an unfolding state and is used for applying a shearing force in the vertical direction to the annular soil body bearing the horizontal normal force. The invention can obtain the shearing performance of different positions of the deep annular soil body in the loess area, and has simple and convenient operation, time saving and labor saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing shearing strength of undisturbed loess multiple groups of shearing surfaces, and belongs to the technical field of loess shearing performance testing.
Background
Loess is a special disaster-prone soil body, has remarkable disaster sensitivity, and is mainly characterized by extremely strong water sensitivity, fragile structural property, unique strength variability, complex degradation process, sensitivity to dynamic disturbance and the like.
At present, some engineering projects can be built on loess areas, and mountain structures in the loess areas are inevitably disturbed and destroyed, so that various geological disasters such as landslides and ground cracks are easily caused. In order to avoid the occurrence of geological disasters, it is necessary to reveal the disaster mechanism of loess engineering in a disturbed state.
The shearing performance is one of important indexes for showing loess mechanical performance, and the in-situ hole detection method is an effective measure for accurately obtaining loess shearing performance, but the existing in-situ hole detection method needs to dig test pits, leaves soil columns for shearing tests, wastes time and labor, can only conduct tests of surface soil bodies, and if multiple groups of tests are needed, multiple groups of soil columns need to be excavated and reserved.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide an undisturbed loess multiunit shear plane shear strength testing arrangement and test method to solve the technical problem that if wanting to acquire multiunit test result that in-situ hole detection method exists, need dig a plurality of test pits, waste time and energy, and can only carry out surface soil test data.
The first aspect of the invention provides an undisturbed loess multi-group shear surface shear strength testing device, which comprises a force applying unit, a rotating unit and an expanding shearing unit;
the force application unit is arranged at an annular soil body in the test hole and is used for applying horizontal normal force to the annular soil body, wherein the annular soil body is remained at the preset elevation range after reaming is performed in an upper preset area and a lower preset area of the preset elevation range in the test hole;
the rotating unit is connected with the force applying unit and is used for driving the force applying unit to horizontally rotate in the test hole;
the unfolding shearing unit is connected with the rotating unit and is arranged in the test hole, the unfolding end of the unfolding shearing unit is connected with the surface of the annular soil body in an unfolding state and is used for applying shearing force in the vertical direction to the annular soil body bearing horizontal normal force.
Preferably, the force application unit comprises a jacking subunit, an arc baffle and an arc force application plate;
one end of the jacking subunit is connected with the arc-shaped baffle plate, and the other end of the jacking subunit is connected with the arc-shaped force application plate and is used for applying horizontal normal force to the annular soil body;
the arc-shaped baffle is connected with the first side wall of the annular soil body, and the radian of the arc-shaped baffle is the same as that of the first side wall;
the arc force application plate is connected with the second side wall of the annular soil body, the radian of the arc force application plate is the same as that of the second side wall, and the second side wall is opposite to the first side wall.
Preferably, the length of the arc-shaped edge of the arc-shaped force application plate is smaller than half of the circumference of the inner wall of the annular soil body.
Preferably, the jacking subunit is a jack.
Preferably, the expanding shear unit comprises an extension rod and an intermediate bendable shear member;
a guide rail is arranged on the rod body of the extension rod;
one end of the shearing component is connected with the bottom of the extension rod, the other end of the shearing component is connected with the guide rail in a sliding manner, and when the other end of the shearing component slides to the lower limit of the guide rail, the shearing component is unfolded and connected with the upper surface of the annular soil body.
Preferably, the shearing member comprises a shearing plate and a rib;
one side of the shearing plate is rotationally connected with the extension rod, and the other side of the shearing plate is rotationally connected with one side of the rib plate;
the other side of the rib plate is connected with the guide rail in a sliding way.
The expanding shearing unit further comprises a push rod;
one end of the push rod is connected with one end of the rib plate, which is positioned in the guide rail, and the other end of the push rod extends out of the test hole along the extension rod.
Preferably, the expanding shearing unit comprises a force application rod and a direct shearing plate fixedly connected with the bottom end of the force application rod;
the plate surface of the direct shear plate is perpendicular to the axis of the force application rod.
Preferably, the system further comprises a data acquisition unit and a display unit;
the input end of the data acquisition unit is respectively connected with the force application unit and the unfolding shearing unit, and the output end of the data acquisition unit is connected with the display unit.
The second aspect of the present invention provides an undisturbed loess multi-group shear surface shear strength testing method using the undisturbed loess multi-group shear surface shear strength testing device, comprising:
preparing annular soil in the test hole;
the method comprises the steps that a force application unit is arranged on the inner wall of an annular soil body and used for applying horizontal normal force to the annular soil body;
extending an unfolding type shearing unit into the test hole, and enabling the unfolding end of the unfolding type shearing unit to be connected with the surface of the annular soil body in an unfolding state, wherein the unfolding type shearing unit is used for applying a shearing force in the vertical direction to the annular soil body bearing a horizontal normal force;
and the force applying unit and the unfolding shearing unit are synchronously rotated by the rotating unit, so that a plurality of shearing forces at different positions of the annular soil body are obtained.
Preferably, the preparing the annular soil body in the test hole specifically includes:
reaming is carried out in the upper and lower preset ranges of the preset elevation in the test hole, and the annular soil body is obtained.
Preferably, the preset range is half as high as the annular soil body.
Compared with the prior art, the testing device and the testing method for the shearing strength of the undisturbed loess multi-group shearing surfaces have the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the rotating unit is used for driving the force applying unit and the unfolding shearing unit to synchronously rotate, so that the shearing performance of different positions of the deep annular soil body in the loess area can be obtained, a plurality of groups of soil columns are not required to be reserved for obtaining a plurality of groups of shearing performance, and the operation is simple and convenient, time-saving and labor-saving.
The device and the method for testing the shearing strength of the undisturbed loess multi-group shearing surfaces can measure the shearing performance of different positions of the annular soil body under different heights in the same test hole, and only the adjacent heights are longer in distance and do not influence each other, so that the accuracy of the result obtained by the test can be ensured.
The testing device and the testing method for the shearing strength of the undisturbed loess multiple groups of shearing surfaces can accurately reveal the catastrophe mechanism of loess engineering in a disturbance state, thereby avoiding geological disasters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for testing shear strength of multiple groups of shear surfaces of raw loess in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an expanded state diagram of an expanded shear unit in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of the stowed state of the deployed shear unit in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first shearing of an annular soil body in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for testing shear strength of multiple sets of shear surfaces of raw loess in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a test well; 2 is an annular soil body; 3, reaming; 4 is an arc baffle; 5 is a jacking subunit; 6 is an arc force application plate; 7 is an extension rod; 71 is a guide rail; 8 is a shearing component; 81 is a shear plate; 82 are rib plates; 9 is a push rod; 10 is a data acquisition unit.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
The first aspect of the present invention provides an undisturbed loess multi-group shear surface shear strength testing device, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, comprising a force applying unit, a rotating unit and an expanding shearing unit;
the force application unit is arranged at the annular soil body 2 in the test hole 1 and is used for applying horizontal normal force to the annular soil body 2, wherein the annular soil body 2 is the soil body left at the preset elevation range after reaming is performed in the upper and lower preset areas of the preset elevation range in the test hole 1;
the rotating unit is connected with the force applying unit and is used for driving the force applying unit to horizontally rotate in the test hole 1;
the unfolding type shearing unit is connected with the rotating unit and is arranged in the test hole 1, and the unfolding end of the unfolding type shearing unit is connected with the surface of the annular soil body 2 in an unfolding state and is used for applying shearing force in the vertical direction to the annular soil body 2 bearing horizontal normal force.
In the embodiment of the invention, the test hole 1 can be a prospecting hole or a newly drilled drilling hole, and the prospecting hole can be used, so that one hole is multipurpose, the test workload is reduced, and time and labor are saved.
According to the invention, the rotating unit is used for driving the force applying unit and the unfolding shearing unit to synchronously rotate, so that the shearing performance of different positions of the deep annular soil body 2 in the loess area can be obtained, a plurality of groups of soil columns do not need to be reserved for obtaining a plurality of groups of shearing performance, the operation is simple and convenient, time and labor are saved, the structure is simple, and the cost is low.
In order to uniformly apply horizontal normal force to the annular soil body 2, the force applying unit comprises a jacking subunit 5, an arc baffle 4 and an arc force applying plate 6;
one end of the jacking subunit 5 is connected with the arc-shaped baffle plate 4, and the other end is connected with the arc-shaped force application plate 6, and is used for applying horizontal normal force to the annular soil body 2;
the arc-shaped baffle plate 4 is connected with the first side wall of the annular soil body 2, and the radian of the arc-shaped baffle plate 4 is the same as that of the first side wall;
the arc force application plate 6 is connected with the second side wall of the annular soil body 2, the radian of the arc force application plate 6 is the same as that of the second side wall, and the second side wall is opposite to the first side wall.
The invention enables the jacking force of the jacking subunit 5 to be uniformly applied to the two opposite side walls of the annular soil body 2 by using the arc-shaped baffle plate 4 and the arc-shaped force application plate 6.
Preferably, the length of the arc-shaped edge of the arc-shaped force application plate 6 and the length of the arc-shaped edge of the arc-shaped baffle plate 4 are smaller than half of the circumference of the inner wall of the annular soil body 2. By the arrangement, the condition that the arc-shaped force application plate 6 and the arc-shaped baffle plate 4 are too large and the jacking subunit 5 is in point connection with the arc-shaped force application plate and the arc-shaped baffle plate, so that uneven force application is caused can be avoided.
Further, the jacking subunit 5 of the embodiment of the present invention may be a jack or a jack.
The expanding shearing unit of the embodiment of the invention can adopt two structures, one of which comprises an extension rod 7 and a shearing component 8 with a bendable middle;
the rod body of the extension rod 7 is provided with a guide rail 71;
one end of the shearing member 8 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the extension rod 7, and the other end is slidably connected to the guide rail 71, and when the other end of the shearing member 8 slides to the lower limit of the guide rail 71, the shearing member 8 is unfolded and connected to the upper surface of the ring-shaped soil body 2.
Wherein the shearing module 8 comprises a shearing plate 81 and a rib 82;
one side of the shear plate 81 is rotationally connected with the extension rod 7, and the other side is rotationally connected with one side of the rib plate 82;
the other side of the rib 82 is slidably connected to the guide rail 71. In order to realize the adjustment of the structural form of the shearing component 8, the rib plate 82 is pushed to move along the guide rail 71 by using the push rod 9, wherein one end of the push rod 9 is connected with one end of the rib plate 82 positioned in the guide rail 71, and the other end extends out of the test hole 1 along the extension rod 7. A clamping device is further provided at the lower limit of the guide rail 71 to avoid shrinkage of the shear plate 81 when a vertical downward shear force is applied to the ring-shaped soil body 2 by the expanding shear unit. Wherein the rib 82 is a rigid plate.
The expanding shearing unit with the structure can be used for testing the shearing performance of different positions of the annular soil body 2 in a drilling hole with a smaller diameter.
The other expanding shearing unit comprises a force application rod and a direct shear plate fixedly connected with the bottom end of the force application rod;
the plate surface of the direct shear plate is perpendicular to the axis of the force application rod.
When the device is used, the device stretches into the test hole 1 with larger diameter, then the position of the expanding shearing unit is moved to enable the expanding shearing unit to approach to the area to be tested of the annular soil body 2, the direct shearing plate is connected with the upper surface or the lower surface of the annular soil body 2, and the device is used for applying a vertically downward or vertically upward shearing force to the annular soil body 2 bearing horizontal normal force.
In order to obtain the shearing strength of loess intuitively, the invention also comprises a data acquisition unit 10 and a display unit;
the input end of the data acquisition unit 10 is respectively connected with the force application unit and the unfolding shearing unit, and the output end is connected with the display unit and used for acquiring normal force and shearing force and displaying on the display unit, so that the shearing strength of loess is intuitively acquired.
Illustratively, the data acquisition unit 10 of the embodiment of the present invention includes two load cells for acquiring normal force and shear force, respectively, wherein one load cell is disposed on the outer wall of the arc-shaped force application plate 6 connected to the annular soil body 2, and the other load cell is disposed on the surface of the shearing plate 81 connected to the annular soil body 2.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for testing shear strength of undisturbed loess multiple sets of shear surfaces by using the apparatus for testing shear strength of undisturbed loess multiple sets of shear surfaces, as shown in fig. 5, comprising:
step 1, preparing an annular soil body 2 in a test hole 1, wherein the height of the annular soil body 2 is h;
step 2, a force application unit is arranged on the inner wall of the annular soil body 2 and is used for applying horizontal normal force to the annular soil body 2, wherein the top force applied by the force application unit is F, the horizontal normal stress is F/h, h in the horizontal normal stress is the height of the arc-shaped baffle 4, and the height of the arc-shaped baffle is the same as that of the annular soil body 2;
step 3, extending the expanding shearing unit into the test hole 1, connecting the expanding end of the expanding shearing unit with the upper surface or the lower surface of the annular soil body 2 in an expanding state, and applying a shearing force in the vertical direction to the annular soil body 2 bearing a horizontal normal force, wherein the shearing force is P/a when the force in the vertical direction is P, and a is the area of the connecting part of the shearing plate 81 and the annular soil body 2 in the expanding shearing unit;
and 4, synchronously rotating the force applying unit and the unfolding shearing unit by using the rotating unit to obtain a plurality of shearing forces at different positions of the annular soil body 2.
Preferably, the annular soil body 2 is prepared in the test hole 1, and specifically comprises:
reaming is carried out in an upper preset area and a lower preset area of a preset elevation range in the test hole 1 to form a reaming 3, and then the soil left at the preset elevation range is the annular soil 2.
Preferably, the preset range is half the height of the ring-shaped soil body 2.
Illustratively, the height of the ring-shaped soil body 2 is h, and the preset range is h/2.
The method for testing the shearing strength of the undisturbed loess multiple groups of shearing surfaces is simple, easy to operate, time-saving and labor-saving.
The foregoing description is only a few examples of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application in any way, and although the present application is disclosed in the preferred examples, it is not intended to limit the present application, and any person skilled in the art may make some changes or modifications to the disclosed technology without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, and the technical solution is equivalent to the equivalent embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. The device for testing the shearing strength of the undisturbed loess multi-group shearing surfaces is characterized by comprising a force application unit, a rotation unit and an expansion shearing unit;
the force application unit is arranged at an annular soil body in the test hole and is used for applying horizontal normal force to the annular soil body, wherein the annular soil body is remained at the preset elevation range after reaming is performed in an upper preset area and a lower preset area of the preset elevation range in the test hole;
the rotating unit is connected with the force applying unit and is used for driving the force applying unit to horizontally rotate in the test hole;
the unfolding shearing unit is connected with the rotating unit and is arranged in the test hole, the unfolding end of the unfolding shearing unit is connected with the surface of the annular soil body in an unfolding state and is used for applying shearing force in the vertical direction to the annular soil body bearing horizontal normal force.
2. The undisturbed loess multi-group shear plane shear strength testing device according to claim 1, wherein the force applying unit comprises a jacking subunit, an arc baffle and an arc force applying plate;
one end of the jacking subunit is connected with the arc-shaped baffle plate, and the other end of the jacking subunit is connected with the arc-shaped force application plate and is used for applying horizontal normal force to the annular soil body;
the arc-shaped baffle is connected with the first side wall of the annular soil body, and the radian of the arc-shaped baffle is the same as that of the first side wall;
the arc force application plate is connected with the second side wall of the annular soil body, the radian of the arc force application plate is the same as that of the second side wall, and the second side wall is opposite to the first side wall.
3. The undisturbed loess multi-group shear plane shear strength testing device according to claim 2, wherein the length of the arc-shaped edge of the arc-shaped force application plate is less than half of the circumference of the inner wall of the annular soil body.
4. A undisturbed loess multi-group shear surface shear strength testing device as in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the expanding shear unit comprises an expanding rod and a middle bendable shear member;
a guide rail is arranged on the rod body of the extension rod;
one end of the shearing component is connected with the bottom of the extension rod, the other end of the shearing component is connected with the guide rail in a sliding manner, and when the other end of the shearing component slides to the lower limit of the guide rail, the shearing component is unfolded and connected with the upper surface of the annular soil body.
5. The undisturbed loess multi-group shear plane shear strength test device according to claim 4, wherein the shearing member comprises a shearing plate and a rib plate;
one side of the shearing plate is rotationally connected with the extension rod, and the other side of the shearing plate is rotationally connected with one side of the rib plate;
the other side of the rib plate is connected with the guide rail in a sliding way.
6. The undisturbed loess multi-group shear plane shear strength testing device according to claim 5, wherein the expanding shear unit further comprises a push rod;
one end of the push rod is connected with one end of the rib plate, which is positioned in the guide rail, and the other end of the push rod extends out of the test hole along the extension rod.
7. The undisturbed loess multi-group shear surface shear strength testing device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the expanding shearing unit comprises a force application rod and a direct shear plate fixedly connected with the bottom end of the force application rod;
the plate surface of the direct shear plate is perpendicular to the axis of the force application rod.
8. The undisturbed loess multi-group shear plane shear strength testing device according to claim 1, further comprising a data acquisition unit and a display unit;
the input end of the data acquisition unit is respectively connected with the force application unit and the unfolding shearing unit, and the output end of the data acquisition unit is connected with the display unit.
9. A method for testing shear strength of multiple groups of undisturbed loess shear surfaces, characterized in that the device for testing shear strength of multiple groups of undisturbed loess shear surfaces according to any one of claims 1-8 is used, comprising:
preparing annular soil in the test hole;
the method comprises the steps that a force application unit is arranged on the inner wall of an annular soil body and used for applying horizontal normal force to the annular soil body;
extending an unfolding type shearing unit into the test hole, and enabling the unfolding end of the unfolding type shearing unit to be connected with the surface of the annular soil body in an unfolding state, wherein the unfolding type shearing unit is used for applying a shearing force in the vertical direction to the annular soil body bearing a horizontal normal force;
and the force applying unit and the unfolding shearing unit are synchronously rotated by the rotating unit, so that a plurality of shearing forces at different positions of the annular soil body are obtained.
10. The method for testing the shear strength of undisturbed loess multiple groups of shear planes according to claim 9, wherein the preparing the annular soil body in the testing hole specifically comprises:
reaming is carried out in the upper and lower preset ranges of the preset elevation in the test hole, and the annular soil body is obtained.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410077404.4A CN117647451B (en) | 2024-01-19 | 2024-01-19 | Device and method for testing shearing strength of undisturbed loess multi-group shearing surfaces |
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| CN202410077404.4A CN117647451B (en) | 2024-01-19 | 2024-01-19 | Device and method for testing shearing strength of undisturbed loess multi-group shearing surfaces |
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| 徐筱;赵成刚;: "高吸力下黏性土的抗剪强度和体变特性", 岩土力学, no. 05, 10 May 2018 (2018-05-10) * |
| 王振豪;贾永刚;刘晓磊;魏巍;王晓丽;张少同;单红仙;: "波致粉质土海床剪切破坏及其强度演化的试验研究", 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), no. 10, 15 October 2017 (2017-10-15) * |
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