CN108593463A - A kind of pile-soil interface shearing mechanics characteristic test device - Google Patents
A kind of pile-soil interface shearing mechanics characteristic test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108593463A CN108593463A CN201810871855.XA CN201810871855A CN108593463A CN 108593463 A CN108593463 A CN 108593463A CN 201810871855 A CN201810871855 A CN 201810871855A CN 108593463 A CN108593463 A CN 108593463A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pile-soil interfaces to shear mechanics characteristic test device, including support device, balancing gate pit, pressure apparatus, multiple thrust devices and multiple horizontal fixtures；The support device packet frame, support plate and the reaction frame being arranged above the support plate；The balancing gate pit is arranged in the support plate, it includes top plate and bottom plate and the outer cant board of the polylith being slidably arranged between the top plate and bottom plate, the outer cant board of the bottom plate, top plate and polylith encloses the cavity for device stake sample and soil sample jointly, and the horizontal cross-section of the cavity is sized to adjust；The test device can apply horizontal thrust by multiple thrust devices to the not homonymy of balancing gate pit, to apply horizontal force to each side of stake sample by squeezing soil sample, can effectively simulate on stake week different directions pile foundation force status in the case of suffered soil pressure difference, and with the similarity of actual condition height；The test device can test the pile foundation of circle stake, square pile prismatic shapes rule.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of civil engineering, particularly, are related to a kind of pile-soil interface shearing mechanical property testing
Device.
Background technology
As the fast development that China's urban construction is set is built to build more construction areas in smaller landholding
It builds object to have to develop to high level, therefore high-rise and high-rise building construction in recent years more and more, these buildings are to ground
The requirement for bearing capacity on basis is higher, and pile foundation is widely used in as a kind of main base form in foundation engineering, with
The accumulation of pile foundation engineering practical experience and going deep into for theoretical research, the Land use systems and use environment of pile foundation tend to be various
Change, if soil blocking pile is chiefly used in engineering primary construction support retaining, however in order to give full play to the effect of soil blocking pile, reduces engineering and make
Valence, can be by soil blocking pile for vertically carrying, therefore the bearing capacity for studying soil blocking pile has engineering significance.
Chinese patent application CN201710050592.1 discloses a kind of pile-soil interface for simulating burden pressure variation
Shear test apparatus, the device include circular mode molding box, load plate, reaction beam and servo loading motor, and circular mode molding box is by justifying
Shape frame and pedestal form, and need to fill the sand of certain compactness inside model casing, place soil pressure sensor inside sand and survey
Try vertical and horizontal earth pressure；Load plate is placed on sandy soils upper surface and applies burden pressure by jack；Servo loading electricity
Machine may be used Bit andits control and load and control two kinds of load modes, by servo motor to the Model Pile at model casing center into
Row loads, and servo motor is further applied load in loading procedure and displacement can automatic collection；But the device can only be used to research not
The research of the frictional behaviour of lower pile-soil interface is acted on burden pressure.
Chinese patent CN201410047786.2 discloses a kind of frozen soil environment pile foundation model measurement device comprising uses
In the horizontal addload mechanism for applying horizontal loading forces to Model Pile, horizontal addload mechanism has the axis extended along loading direction,
Further include the vertical load maintainer for applying vertical loading force to Model Pile, there are one horizontal addload mechanisms or more than two,
Vertical load maintainer is located at the walking mechanism of the horizontal displacement for compensation model stake.The test device can be in simulation frozen soil
Environment pile foundation force status, and it is high with the similarity of actual condition, horizontal and vertical static loading experiment not only can be individually completed,
Also the horizontal and coefficient static loading experiment of vertical load can be completed；In the force model load for carrying out horizontal direction, can simulate
The vertical load that Practical Project superstructure generates.But the horizontal addload mechanism in the device is to act on model to load onto
, it is impossible to be used in simulate the force status of pile foundation under horizontal soil pressure different situations suffered by stake side in Practical Project.
Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop a kind of pile-soil interface for test pile Zhou Butong lateral pressures by those skilled in the art
Shear mechanics characteristic test device.
Invention content
The present invention is directed to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide one kind pile-soil interface reasonable for structure, easy to operate to cut
Shear force characteristic test device, can to stake week not homonymy pressure difference in the case of the mechanical characteristic of pile foundation survey
Examination provides good basis for the bearer properties research of varying environment pile foundation plinth.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of pile-soil interfaces to shear mechanics characteristic test device, including branch
Support arrangement, balancing gate pit, pressure apparatus, multiple thrust devices and multiple horizontal fixtures；The support device packet frame, support
Plate and the reaction frame being arranged above the support plate；The balancing gate pit is arranged in the support plate comprising top plate and bottom plate
And cant board outside the polylith being slidably arranged between the top plate and bottom plate, the outer cant board of the bottom plate, top plate and polylith are common
The cavity for device stake sample and soil sample is enclosed, the horizontal cross-section of the cavity is sized to adjust；The pressure dress
It installs on the reaction frame, for applying vertical load to the stake sample；Multiple thrust devices with it is multiple described
Outer cant board is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and each thrust device can individually push away the corresponding outer cant board application level
Power；All outer cant boards can be moved to the middle part of balancing gate pit in the horizontal direction under the action of thrust device, with by pressure
The indoor soil sample of power squeeze and then applies identical or different horizontal force to each side of stake sample；It is multiple described horizontal solid
Determine horizontal displacement of the device for constraining the stake sample.Specifically, frame includes more vertically arranged support columns, and adjacent two
It is equipped with the first stull, the second stull and the second stull between root support column successively from top to bottom, support plate level is located at frame
It is interior and in the vertical direction between the first stull and the second stull；Reaction frame is fixed at the top of frame, reaction frame
It is equipped with for the perforative through-hole C of vertical loading device.
Further, flexible room is equipped in the cavity of the balancing gate pit, the flexible room is by top plate and bottom plate, all outsides
Riser and polylith expansion plate surround, and the inside of every piece of outer cant board is vertically equipped with two pieces of perpendicular expansion plates, described
The upper and lower ends of expansion plate are slidably connected with the top plate and bottom plate respectively, and the expansion plate is stretched by single-piece expansion plate A and single-piece
Contracting plate B grafting forms, and is respectively equipped with inserting groove and plugboard on the plug division of the single-piece expansion plate A and single-piece expansion plate B, institute
Grafting plate level is stated to be slidably mounted in the inserting groove.Specifically, room is stretched for device stake sample and soil sample；It is flexible
The outer end of plate is in contact with outer cant board but is not connected, and two pieces of mutually close expansion plates is interior between adjacent two pieces of outer cant boards
End intersection；Before positioning, the distance between two pieces of expansion plates on the inside of the outer cant board of same can be carried out according to the size of stake sample
Adjustment；Soil sample is filled between two parallel expansion plates, outer edge-on when the external cant board of thrust device applies horizontal applied force
Plate in the horizontal direction to the middle part of balancing gate pit move, with by stretch indoor soil sample squeeze by stake sample
Each side applies identical or different horizontal force.The height of expansion plate is identical in the height of outer cant board；By in balancing gate pit into
The flexible room of one step setting, enables the test device to be suitable for the non-interfering survey of soil body pressure on stake week different directions
Examination, improves the simulation similarity of test device.
Further, at least two connection components, the connection component are equipped on the inside of each piece of outer cant board
Including horizontally disposed anchor pole and multiple nut A, an at least anchor pole runs through two pieces of mutually close single-piece expansion plate A, and at least
A piece anchor pole is respectively provided with one on two pieces of mutually close single-piece expansion plate B, every anchor pole and in the both sides of every piece of expansion plate
Nut A, two expansion plates connect to form flexible board group by multiple connection component parts；The inner surface of the outer cant board is perpendicular
Histogram to equipped with multiple positioning components, the positioning component include two fixed blocks, two fixed blocks of connection horizontal sliding bar and
Multiple nut B, horizontal sliding bar are respectively provided in the flexible board group setting, every horizontal sliding bar and in the both sides of flexible board group
One nut B.Specifically, nut A is for constraining the distance between two parallel expansion plates, and nut B is for constraining flexible board group
Position；Width or round stake sample of the distance between the two pieces of expansion plates on the inside of same outer cant board with barrette sample
The corresponding inscribed polygon diameter of diameter is equal.
Further, the structure of outer cant board described in polylith is identical, and the horizontal direction side of the outer cant board, which is equipped with, to be connected
The horizontal direction other side of socket part A, the outer cant board are equipped with interconnecting piece compatible with the interconnecting piece A of another piece of outer cant board
B, the interconnecting piece A include from top to bottom successively spaced multipair link block A and link slot A, the interconnecting piece B include from
Spaced multipair link slot B and link block B, the link block A and link block B are slidably mounted on institute to top to bottm respectively successively
It states in link slot A and link slot B.
Further, it is equipped with interior pulling plate in the balancing gate pit and in the junction of the adjacent two outer cant board, it is described interior
Pulling plate is that the outer cant board adjacent with two is formed by the compatible L-type plate of angle or class L-type plate；Two of the interior pulling plate
Siding is equipped with the multiple horizontal strips being evenly arranged in the vertical direction, and the outer cant board is equipped with and the horizontal strip
Compatible multiple horizontal card slots.Specifically, interior pulling plate is used for the connection of adjacent two outer cant board, and works as soil sample direct filling
When in balancing gate pit, interior pulling plate can also play the role of earth-retaining, that is, prevent soil sample from being leaked out out of balancing gate pit.
Further, more mandrils are equipped in the balancing gate pit, the lower end of mandril is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, mandril
Upper end is equipped with the connecting hole A for being connected to the top plate, and the mandril passes through connecting hole A and the removable fixation of the top plate
Connection.Specifically, connecting hole A is screw hole；Top plate is equipped with multiple connecting hole Bs compatible with mandril, and top plate passes through screw
It is connected with mandril.
Further, the top plate is inserted by the identical polylith unit top plate of structure, the side of the unit top plate
Equipped with inserted link, the other side of the unit top plate is equipped with spliced eye compatible with another shank of unit top plate, the top
The center of plate is equipped with through-hole A compatible with the stake sample；The central part of the bottom plate is equipped with porous disc, on the porous disc
Equipped with the through-hole B for the stake sample through setting.Specifically, it is equipped at least one connecting hole B per module unit top plate so that
It can be connected with mandril per module unit top plate.
Further, multiple horizontal fixtures are divided into two groups and are separately positioned on the lower section of the bottom plate and described
The quantity of the top of balancing gate pit, every group of horizontal fixture is equal with the quantity of the thrust device；The horizontal fixed dress
It sets including idler wheel, roller groove, telescopic rod and extension sleeve, the idler wheel is movably arranged in the roller groove, the roller groove
It is arranged in the front end of the telescopic rod, the back end activity of the telescopic rod is plugged in the extension sleeve, the extension sleeve
It is equipped with the bolt for fixing the telescopic rod, the extension sleeve is fixedly connected with the frame.Specifically, one group of level
Fixing device is connected with the first stull, and another group of horizontal fixture is connected with third stull, and when positioning makes roller surface
Close to the lateral surface of stake sample, horizontal displacement is not will produce under the action of horizontal thrust to limit stake sample.
Further, the thrust device includes that horizontal loading apparatus, horizontal transmission rod, pressure sensor B and displacement pass
Sensor B, the horizontal loading apparatus are fixedly connected with the frame, and one end and the horizontal addload of the horizontal transmission rod fill
Set connected, the other end of the horizontal transmission rod is connected with the pressure sensor B and displacement sensor B successively；Specifically, often
A thrust device is fixedly connected with a second cross beam, and the force direction of all thrust devices is directed in the axial direction of a sample
The heart (force direction of thrust device is vertical with the axial centre of stake sample).In the structure, each horizontal loading apparatus can be single
Horizontal thrust solely is applied to stake sample.
Further, the pressure apparatus includes that vertical loading device, vertical transmission rod, pressure sensor A and displacement pass
Sensor A；The vertical loading device is arranged on the reaction frame, and the vertical transmission rod is arranged through the reaction frame, institute
The upper end for stating vertical transmission rod is connected with the vertical loading device, and the lower end of the vertical transmission rod is set gradually from top to bottom
There is the pressure sensor A and displacement sensor A.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1), a kind of pile-soil interface of the invention shears mechanics characteristic test device, including support device, balancing gate pit, pressure
Power apparatus, multiple thrust devices and multiple horizontal fixtures；Between each outer cant board of balancing gate pit and all outer cant boards
It is to be slidably connected between top plate and top plate, the horizontal cross-section size of balancing gate pit's cavity is adjustable；Thrust device with it is outer edge-on
Plate is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and each thrust device individually can apply horizontal thrust to corresponding outer cant board；The test device can
Horizontal thrust is applied to the not homonymy of balancing gate pit by multiple thrust devices, with by squeezing soil sample to stake sample
Each side apply horizontal force, can effectively simulate on stake week different directions pile foundation stress work in the case of suffered soil pressure difference
Condition, and it is high with the similarity of actual condition；The test device can survey the pile foundation of circle stake, square pile prismatic shapes rule
Examination.
(2), pile-soil interface of the invention shears mechanics characteristic test device, is provided in the cavity of balancing gate pit flexible
Room makes the test device be suitable for the non-interfering test of soil body pressure on stake week different directions, improves test
The simulation similarity of device；Expansion plate is rigid member, is formed by single-piece expansion plate A and single-piece expansion plate B grafting, simple in structure
Rationally, it can ensure that soil sample will not be from flexible indoor leakage while flexible realization is flexible；The test device energy of the structure
Enough it is suitable for the non-interfering test of soil body pressure on stake week different directions, improves the simulation similarity of test device.
(3), pile-soil interface of the invention shears mechanics characteristic test device, is equipped on the inside of each piece of outer cant board
At least two connection components, connection component are used to the distance between adjust and position two expansion plates, be located in same outer cant board
The distance between two pieces of expansion plates of side inscribed polygon corresponding with the width of barrette sample or round stake specimen finish is straight
Diameter is equal；The inner surface of outer cant board is equipped with multiple positioning components in vertical direction, between determining two expansion plates two before distance
A expansion plate can slide axially along horizontal sliding bar, can be to board group of stretching after distance between two expansion plates being determined using connection component
It being positioned, the structure is convenient to be adjusted with various sizes of stake sample, effectively save testing cost the size of discharge chambe,
Improve testing efficiency.
(4), the structure of the outer cant board of polylith is identical in the present invention, and the horizontal direction side of outer cant board is equipped with interconnecting piece A,
The horizontal direction other side of outer cant board is equipped with interconnecting piece B, interconnecting piece A compatible with the interconnecting piece A of another piece of outer cant board
Including spaced multipair link block A and link slot A, interconnecting piece B include that interval is set successively from top to bottom successively from top to bottom
The multipair link slot B and link block B set, link block A and link block B are slidably mounted on respectively in link slot A and link slot B；It should
Structure setting China and foreign countries cant board is rigid member, and the depth of link slot A and link slot B are respectively greater than the thickness of link block A and link block B
Degree, can facilitate realize balancing gate pit each outer cant board between be slidably connected, be applied to the horizontal thrust on outer cant board by soil
Sample the accurate transmission improves test accuracy to stake sample.
(5), it is equipped with interior pulling plate in the present invention in balancing gate pit and in the junction of adjacent two outer cant board, interior pulling plate is and two
Adjacent outer riser is formed by the compatible L-type plate of angle or class L-type plate；Interior pulling plate is used for the company of adjacent two outer cant board
It connects, and when soil sample direct filling is in balancing gate pit, interior pulling plate can also play the role of earth-retaining, that is, prevent soil sample from pressure
It is leaked out in power room.
(6), more mandrils are equipped in the present invention in balancing gate pit, the lower end of mandril is fixedly connected with bottom plate, the upper end of mandril
Equipped with the connecting hole A for being connected with top plate, mandril by connecting hole A with top plate is removable is fixedly connected.The structure uses
Top plate is fixed in mandril, realizes that top plate is not displaced by thrust and when sliding for outer cant board and expansion plate, convenient
Operation.
(7), top plate is inserted by polylith unit top plate in the present invention, and at least one connection is equipped with per module unit top plate
Hole B so that can be connected with mandril per module unit top plate, which forms balancing gate pit's top board by grafting, convenient for top plate
Installation；The center of top plate is equipped with through-hole A compatible with stake sample, and the central part of bottom plate is equipped with porous disc, and porous disc is equipped with
For stake sample through the through-hole B of setting, which can adapt to piles with different diameter and is cut with different by replacing porous disc and top plate
The shearing mechanical property testing of face shape pile foundation, it is applied widely.
(8), multiple horizontal fixtures in the present invention are divided into two groups, are arranged under bottom plate for one group in the vertical direction
Just, it is arranged in the top of balancing gate pit for another group, the quantity of every group of horizontal fixture is equal with the quantity of thrust device；It is multiple
Horizontal fixture be used for restrained pile sample horizontal displacement, can effectively avoid because stake sample not homonymy stress it is of different sizes due to send out
Raw displacement, inclination etc., improve measuring accuracy.
(9), thrust device includes horizontal loading apparatus, horizontal transmission rod, pressure sensor B and displacement sensing in the present invention
Device B, horizontal loading apparatus are fixedly connected with frame, and one end of horizontal transmission rod is connected with horizontal loading apparatus, horizontal transmission rod
The other end be connected successively with pressure sensor B and displacement sensor B；In the structure, each horizontal loading apparatus can be independent
Horizontal thrust is applied to stake sample, can effectively simulate on stake week different directions pile foundation stress in the case of suffered soil pressure difference
Operating mode, force snesor B and displacement sensor B can read and record automatically corresponding data, and measuring accuracy is high, testing efficiency is high.
Other than objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention also has other objects, features and advantages.
Below with reference to figure, the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
The attached drawing constituted part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Example and its explanation are applied for explaining the present invention, is not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is a kind of dimensional structure diagram of pile-soil interface shearing mechanics characteristic test device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal profile structure schematic of pile-soil interface shearing mechanics characteristic test device in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of pile-soil interface shearing mechanics characteristic test device (balancing gate pit is not shown) in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the dimensional structure diagram of balancing gate pit in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of (top plate is not shown) inside balancing gate pit in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the decomposition texture schematic diagram of balancing gate pit in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the top plate single-piece of balancing gate pit in invention；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of bottom plate Yu the mandril cooperation of balancing gate pit in the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of expansion plate in the present invention；
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of thrust device in the present invention；
Figure 11 is the structural schematic diagram of horizontal fixture in the present invention；
Wherein, 1, support device, 1.1, frame, 1.1a, support column, 1.1b, the first stull, 1.1c, the second stull,
1.1d, third stull, 1.2, support plate, 1.3, reaction frame, 2, balancing gate pit, 2a, flexible room, 2.1, top plate, 2.11, unit top
Plate, 2.12, inserted link, 2.13, spliced eye, 2.2, bottom plate, 2.21, porous disc, 2.3, outer cant board, 2.31, interconnecting piece A, 2.32,
Interconnecting piece B, 2.33, horizontal card slot, 2.34, fixed block, 2.35, horizontal sliding bar, 2.36, nut B, 2.4, expansion plate, 2.41, single
Part expansion plate A, 2.42, single-piece expansion plate B, 2.43, inserting groove, 2.44, plugboard, 2.45, bolthole, 2.5, connection component,
2.51, anchor pole, 2.52, nut A, 2.6, interior pulling plate, 2.61, horizontal strip, 2.7, mandril, 2.71, connecting hole A, 3, thrust dress
It sets, 3.1, horizontal loading apparatus, 3.2, horizontal transmission rod, 3.3, pressure sensor B, 3.4, displacement sensor B, 4, pressure dress
It sets, 4.1, vertical loading device, 4.2, vertical transmission rod, 4.3, pressure sensor A, 4.4, displacement sensor A, 5, horizontal fixed
Device, 5.1, idler wheel, 5.2, roller groove, 5.3, telescopic rod, 5.4, extension sleeve, 5.5, bolt, 6, stake sample.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention can be limited according to claim
Fixed and covering multitude of different ways is implemented.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, a kind of pile-soil interface of the invention shears mechanics characteristic test device comprising support
Device 1, balancing gate pit 2, pressure apparatus 3, multiple thrust devices 4 and multiple horizontal fixtures 5, concrete structure is as follows：
Support device packet frame 1.1, support plate 1.2 and the reaction frame 1.3 that side on the supporting plate is set；Specifically, frame
Including 4 support column 1.1a, the first stull is equipped with successively from top to bottom between every adjacent two support columns in 4 support columns
1.1b, the second stull 1.1c and the second stull 1.1d, support plate 1.2 be horizontally set in frame and positioned at the first stull 1.1b and
Between second stull 1.1c, reaction frame 1.3 is arranged at the top of frame, and reaction frame is equipped with perforative logical for vertical loading device
Hole C.
Balancing gate pit is arranged on the supporting plate comprising top plate 2.1, bottom plate 2.2 and is slidably arranged between top plate and bottom plate
4 pieces of outer cant boards 2.3, bottom plate, top plate and 4 pieces of outer cant boards enclose the type for installing stake sample 6 and soil sample jointly
The horizontal cross-section size of chamber, cavity is adjustable.As shown in figure 9, the structure of 4 pieces of outer cant boards is identical, the level side of outer cant board
It is equipped with interconnecting piece A2.31 to side, the horizontal direction other side of outer cant board is equipped with the interconnecting piece A phases with another piece of outer cant board
The interconnecting piece B2.32 of adaptation, interconnecting piece A include spaced multipair link block A and link slot A successively from top to bottom, connection
Portion B includes that spaced multipair link slot B and link block B, link block A and link block B slide peace respectively successively from top to bottom
In link slot A and link slot B；4 pieces of outer cant boards in the structure setting are slidably connected successively, and structure setting is simply closed
Reason, is easily assembled to；When thrust device applies horizontal thrust when on respective outer riser, outer cant board can be to the indoor soil of pressure
Sample is squeezed so that horizontal thrust improves test accuracy by soil sample the accurate transmission to stake sample.
In the present embodiment, interior pulling plate 2.6, interior drawing are equipped in balancing gate pit and on the inside of the junction of adjacent two outer cant board
Plate is to be formed by the compatible L-type plate of angle or class L-type plate with two adjacent outer risers；The horizontal direction both sides of outer cant board
The multiple horizontal card slots 2.33 being evenly arranged in the vertical direction are equipped with, are equipped on two sidings of interior pulling plate in vertical side
The multiple strips 2.61 being evenly arranged upwards, outer cant board are equipped with multiple horizontal card slots compatible with horizontal strip 2.33；
The structure can effectively prevent the indoor soil sample of pressure to leak by the cooperation of pulling plate in setting and outer cant board, improve simulation
Accuracy.
As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, more mandrils 2.7, the lower end and bottom of mandril are equipped in the balancing gate pit in the present embodiment
Plate is fixedly connected, and the upper end of mandril is equipped with connecting hole A2.71；Connecting hole A is threaded hole, and top plate is fixed by screw and mandril
Connection, it is final to realize that mandril is fixedly connected with the removable of bottom plate.Top plate is inserted by the identical polylith unit top plate of structure 2.11
It forms, the side of unit top plate is equipped with inserted link 2.12, and the other side of unit top plate is equipped with the shank phase with another unit top plate
The center of the spliced eye 2.13 of adaptation, top plate is equipped with through-hole A compatible with stake sample；The central part of bottom plate is equipped with porous disc
2.21, porous disc is equipped with the through-hole B through setting for stake sample.The test device of the present embodiment, can be by replacing balancing gate pit
Porous disc and top plate realize adapt to circle stake, square pile prismatic shapes rule pile foundation shearing mechanical property testing, applicable model
It encloses wide, cost-effective.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 10, multiple thrust devices in the present embodiment are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with multiple outer cant boards, thrust
Device includes horizontal loading apparatus 3.1, horizontal transmission rod 3.2, pressure sensor B3.3 and displacement sensor B3.4, horizontal addload
Device is fixedly connected with frame, and one end of horizontal transmission rod is connected with horizontal loading apparatus, and the other end of horizontal transmission rod is successively
It is connected with pressure sensor B and displacement sensor B.Each thrust device is used equally for individually to corresponding outer edge-on in the structure
Plate applies horizontal thrust, and all outer cant boards can be moved to the middle part of balancing gate pit in the horizontal direction under the action of thrust device
It is dynamic, to apply identical or different horizontal force to each side of stake sample by squeezing soil sample.Pressure apparatus is arranged
On reaction frame, for applying vertical load to stake sample；Pressure apparatus includes vertical loading device 4.1, vertical transmission rod
4.2, pressure sensor A4.3 and displacement sensor A4.4；Vertical loading device is arranged on reaction frame, and vertical transmission rod runs through
Reaction frame is arranged, and the upper end of vertical transmission rod is connected with vertical loading device, and the lower end of vertical transmission rod is set successively from top to bottom
It is equipped with pressure sensor A and displacement sensor A.It is non-interfering that the test device is suitable for soil body pressure on different directions
Test, can simulate the concrete condition that Practical Project pile foundation top can bear load.
As shown in figure 11, multiple horizontal fixtures 5 in the present embodiment are used for the horizontal displacement of restrained pile sample, multiple
Horizontal fixture is divided into the top of the lower section that two groups are separately positioned on bottom plate and balancing gate pit, the quantity of every group of horizontal fixture
It is equal with the quantity of thrust device；Horizontal fixture includes idler wheel 5.1, roller groove 5.2, telescopic rod 5.3 and extension sleeve
5.4, idler wheel is movably arranged on the inside of roller groove, and roller groove is arranged in the front end of telescopic rod, and the back end activity of telescopic rod plugs
In extension sleeve, extension sleeve is equipped with the bolt 5.5 for fixing telescopic rod, and extension sleeve is fixedly connected with frame.It should
Multiple horizontal fixtures are set in structure, can effectively avoid being subjected to displacement due to homonymy stress is not of different sizes because of stake sample, incline
Tiltedly etc., improve measuring accuracy.
The test device of the present embodiment can be suitable for the test that soil body pressure interferes with each other on stake week different directions.
The test method that mechanics characteristic test device is sheared using the pile-soil interface of the present embodiment, is included the following steps：
1, stake sample is installed：First prefabricated stake sample 6 is positioned over 2 in the discharge chambe of test device, and adjusts level
Fixing device 5, makes 5.1 surface of idler wheel of horizontal fixture close to the lateral surface of stake sample, and water does not occur to control stake sample
Prosposition moves；Need to cushion block be set in the bottom of sample stake in the step, to prevent stake in installation process from gliding；
2, pressure apparatus is installed：Pressure apparatus 4 is mounted on reaction frame 1.3, so that the top of a sample is passed through and vertically passes
Power bar 4.2 is connected with vertical loading device 4.1, and displacement sensor A4.3 and pressure are folded between stake sample and vertical transmission rod
Force snesor A4.4；
3, horizontal thrust device debugging：Start horizontal loading apparatus 3.1, horizontal loading apparatus is made to pass through horizontal transmission rod
3.2 are in contact with the outer surface of outer cant board, and keep each horizontal loading apparatus equal to the distance of stake sample, outer cant board
Displacement sensor B3.3 and pressure sensor B3.4 is equipped between horizontal transmission rod；
4, device soil sample：The soil sample got ready is inserted in balancing gate pit, and equal to sample soil according to Practical Project demand
Even tamping, final soil sample are concordant with the top edge of balancing gate pit；Preferably, the soil sample which is taken derives to be simulated
Practical Project in soil sample；
5, top plate is installed：By polylith unit top plate 2.11 by inserted link 2.12 and 2.13 grafting of spliced eye, stake sample is surrounded
Top plate 2.1 is pieced together, top plate is connected by screw with mandril 2.7；It wherein, need to be on the lower surface of top plate before mounting of roof plate
Lubrication oil processing is applied, it is generated when reducing between outer cant board and top plate and be slided relatively between expansion plate and top plate to rub
Wipe power；
6, horizontal pressure force is applied to soil sample：Each side of all horizontal loading apparatus to soil sample is controlled according to requirement of experiment
Apply the identical or different pressure of size, and records the pressure sensor B3.3 and displacement sensor B3.4 of all horizontal loading apparatus
Reading；
7, pile-soil interface shearing test：Start vertical loading device and vertical pressure is applied to stake sample, while record is answered
Force snesor A4.3 and displacement sensor A4.4 readings.
Embodiment 2
In conjunction with referring to figure 5 and figure 6, another pile-soil interface of the invention shears mechanics characteristic test device, structure
Unlike above-described embodiment 1：Flexible room 2a is equipped in the cavity of balancing gate pit, stake sample and soil sample are arranged in flexible room
It is interior.Flexible room is surrounded by top plate 2.1, bottom plate 2.2, all outer cant boards 2.3 and polylith expansion plate 2.4, every piece of outer cant board
Inside is vertically equipped with two pieces of perpendicular expansion plates, and two pieces of expansion plates mutually close between two adjacent outer panels are connected, and stretch
The upper and lower ends of contracting plate are slidably connected with top plate and bottom plate respectively, and expansion plate is by single-piece expansion plate A2.41 and single-piece expansion plate
B2.42 grafting forms, and inserting groove 2.43 and plugboard are respectively equipped on the plug division of single-piece expansion plate A and single-piece expansion plate B
2.44, plugboard is horizontally slidable to be mounted in inserting groove.It is provided with flexible room in the cavity of balancing gate pit, the test is made to fill
The non-interfering test of soil body pressure on stake week different directions can be suitable for by setting, and the simulation for improving test device is similar
Degree；Expansion plate is rigid member, is formed by single-piece expansion plate A and single-piece expansion plate B grafting, simple and reasonable, can be flexible
Realization it is flexible while ensure that soil sample will not be from flexible indoor leakage；The test device of the structure can be suitable for stake week not
The equidirectional upper non-interfering test of soil body pressure, improves the simulation similarity of test device.
In the present embodiment, multiple connection components 2.5 are equipped on the inside of each piece of outer cant board, connection component includes water
The anchor pole 2.51 and multiple nut A2.52 of flat setting, which part anchor pole run through two pieces of mutually close single-piece expansion plate A, simultaneously
Another part anchor pole is respectively provided on two pieces of mutually close single-piece expansion plate B, every anchor pole and in the both sides of every piece of expansion plate
One nut A, two expansion plates connect to form flexible board group by multiple connection component parts；Pass through 4 nut A on every anchor pole
The distance of two expansion plates in stretching board group is limited, specifically, the nut A on the inside of flexible board group is inside for constraining expansion plate
Displacement, the nut A on the outside of flexible board group are displaced outwardly for constraining expansion plate.The inner surface of outer cant board is in vertical direction
Equipped with multiple positioning components, positioning component includes two fixed blocks 2.34, connects the horizontal sliding bars 2.35 of two fixed blocks and more
A nut B2.36, horizontal sliding bar run through flexible board group and are arranged, and one is respectively provided on every horizontal sliding bar and in the both sides of flexible board group
A nut B；Flexible board group is fixed on horizontal sliding bar by two nut B so that flexible board group not occurred level displacement.It should
Structure is realized that expansion plate and the pile foundation of different size or shape are adapted to, is made by the way that connection component and positioning component is arranged
Test device of the invention is applied widely, reduces testing cost.The other structures of the test device of the present embodiment with it is above-mentioned
Structure in embodiment 1 is identical, is no longer repeating one by one.
The test method that mechanics characteristic test device is sheared using the pile-soil interface of the present embodiment, is included the following steps：
1, stake sample is installed：First prefabricated stake sample 6 is positioned over 2 in the discharge chambe of test device, and adjusts level
Fixing device 5, makes 5.1 surface of idler wheel of horizontal fixture close to the lateral surface of stake sample, and water does not occur to control stake sample
Prosposition moves；Need to cushion block be set in the bottom of sample stake in the step, to prevent stake in installation process from gliding；
2, pressure apparatus is installed：Pressure apparatus 4 is mounted on reaction frame 1.3, so that the top of a sample is passed through and vertically passes
Power bar 4.2 is connected with vertical loading device 4.1, and displacement sensor A4.3 and pressure are folded between stake sample and vertical transmission rod
Force snesor A4.4；
3, balancing gate pit adjusts：The inner end of expansion plate 2.4 is in contact with stake sample, and is controlled in same outer cant board 2.3
The distance of two pieces of expansion plates 2.4 of side is adapted with stake sample, first tightens the nut A2.52 on anchor pole 2.51, nut A is for about
The distance between two expansion plate of beam, then the nut B2.36 on horizontal sliding bar 2.35 is tightened, nut B is for constraining flexible board group not
Occurred level displacement；
4, horizontal thrust device debugging：Start horizontal loading apparatus 3.1, horizontal loading apparatus is made to pass through horizontal transmission rod
3.2 are in contact with the outer surface of outer cant board, and keep each horizontal loading apparatus equal to the distance of stake sample, outer cant board
Displacement sensor B3.3 and pressure sensor B3.4 is equipped between horizontal transmission rod；
5, device soil sample：The soil sample got ready is inserted in balancing gate pit, and equal to sample soil according to Practical Project demand
Even tamping, final soil sample are concordant with the top edge of balancing gate pit；Preferably, the soil sample which is taken derives to be simulated
Practical Project in soil sample；
6, top plate is installed：By polylith unit top plate 2.11 by inserted link 2.12 and 2.13 grafting of spliced eye, stake sample is surrounded
Top plate 2.1 is pieced together, top plate is connected by screw with mandril 2.7；It wherein, need to be on the lower surface of top plate before mounting of roof plate
Lubrication oil processing is applied, it is generated when reducing between outer cant board and top plate and be slided relatively between expansion plate and top plate to rub
Wipe power；
7, horizontal pressure force is applied to soil sample：Each side of all horizontal loading apparatus to soil sample is controlled according to requirement of experiment
Apply the identical or different pressure of size, and records the pressure sensor B3.3 and displacement sensor B3.4 of all horizontal loading apparatus
Reading；
8, pile-soil interface shearing test：Start vertical loading device and vertical pressure is applied to stake sample, while record is answered
Force snesor A4.3 and displacement sensor A4.4 readings.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any made by repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of pile-soil interface shears mechanics characteristic test device, which is characterized in that including support device (1), balancing gate pit
(2), pressure apparatus (3), multiple thrust devices (4) and multiple horizontal fixtures (5)；The support device packet frame (1.1),
Support plate (1.2) and the reaction frame (1.3) being arranged above the support plate；The balancing gate pit is arranged in the support plate,
It includes top plate (2.1), bottom plate (2.2) and the outer cant board (2.3) of polylith being slidably arranged between the top plate and bottom plate, institute
State bottom plate, the outer cant board of top plate and polylith encloses cavity for device stake sample (6) and soil sample jointly, the cavity
Horizontal cross-section is sized to adjust；The pressure apparatus is arranged on the reaction frame, vertical for applying to the stake sample
Load；Multiple thrust devices are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with multiple outer cant boards, and each thrust device can be individually
Horizontal thrust is applied to the corresponding outer cant board；All outer cant boards can be under the action of thrust device in the horizontal direction
It is mobile, to apply identical or different level to each side of stake sample by squeezing the indoor soil sample of pressure
Power；Multiple horizontal fixtures are used to constrain the horizontal displacement of the stake sample.
2. pile-soil interface according to claim 1 shears mechanics characteristic test device, which is characterized in that the balancing gate pit
Cavity in be equipped with flexible room (2a), the flexible room is by top plate (2.1), bottom plate (2.2), all outer cant boards (2.3) and more
Block expansion plate (2.4) surrounds, and the inside of every piece of outer cant board is vertically equipped with two pieces of perpendicular expansion plates, described flexible
The upper and lower ends of plate are slidably connected with the top plate and bottom plate respectively, and the expansion plate is by single-piece expansion plate A (2.41) and single-piece
Expansion plate B (2.42) grafting forms, and inserting groove is respectively equipped on the plug division of the single-piece expansion plate A and single-piece expansion plate B
(2.43) it is slidably mounted in the inserting groove with plugboard (2.44), the grafting plate level.
3. pile-soil interface according to claim 2 shears mechanics characteristic test device, which is characterized in that described in each piece
At least two connection components (2.5) are equipped on the inside of outer cant board, the connection component includes horizontally disposed anchor pole
(2.51) and multiple nut A (2.52), at least an anchor pole run through two pieces of mutually close single-piece expansion plate A, and an at least anchor
Bar is respectively provided with a nut A on two pieces of mutually close single-piece expansion plate B, every anchor pole and in the both sides of every piece of expansion plate,
Two expansion plates connect to form flexible board group by multiple connection component parts；The inner surface of the outer cant board is in vertical direction
Equipped with multiple positioning components, the positioning component includes two fixed blocks (2.34), connects the horizontal sliding bar of two fixed blocks
(2.35) and multiple nut B (2.36), horizontal sliding bar is in the flexible board group setting, every horizontal sliding bar and in expansion plate
The both sides of group are respectively provided with a nut B.
4. pile-soil interface according to any one of claim 1-3 shears mechanics characteristic test device, which is characterized in that
The structure of outer cant board described in polylith is identical, and the horizontal direction side of the outer cant board is equipped with interconnecting piece A (2.31), described outer
The horizontal direction other side of cant board is equipped with interconnecting piece B (2.32) compatible with the interconnecting piece A of another piece of outer cant board, described
Interconnecting piece A includes that spaced multipair link block A and link slot A, the interconnecting piece B include from top to bottom successively from top to bottom
Spaced multipair link slot B and link block B, the link block A and link block B are slidably mounted on the connection respectively successively
In slot A and link slot B.
5. pile-soil interface according to claim 4 shears mechanics characteristic test device, which is characterized in that the balancing gate pit
It is interior and in the junction of the adjacent two outer cant board be equipped with interior pulling plate (2.6), the interior pulling plate be the outside adjacent with two
Riser is formed by the compatible L-type plate of angle or class L-type plate；Two sidings of the interior pulling plate are equipped in the vertical direction
The multiple horizontal strips (2.61) being evenly arranged, the outer cant board are equipped with multiple levels compatible with the horizontal strip
Card slot (2.33).
6. pile-soil interface according to any one of claim 1-3 shears mechanics characteristic test device, which is characterized in that
More mandrils (2.7) are equipped in the balancing gate pit, the lower end of mandril is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, and the upper end of mandril, which is equipped with, to be used for
The connecting hole A being connected to the top plate, the mandril by connecting hole A with the top plate is removable is fixedly connected.
7. pile-soil interface according to any one of claim 1-3 shears mechanics characteristic test device, which is characterized in that
The top plate is inserted by the identical polylith unit top plate (2.11) of structure, and the side of the unit top plate is equipped with inserted link
(2.12), the other side of the unit top plate is equipped with spliced eye (2.13) compatible with another shank of unit top plate, institute
The center for stating top plate is equipped with through-hole A compatible with the stake sample；The central part of the bottom plate is equipped with porous disc (2.21), institute
Porous disc is stated to be equipped with for the stake sample through the through-hole B being arranged.
8. pile-soil interface according to any one of claim 1-3 shears mechanics characteristic test device, which is characterized in that
Multiple horizontal fixtures are divided into two groups and are separately positioned on the top of the lower section and the balancing gate pit of the bottom plate, every group
The quantity of horizontal fixture is equal with the quantity of the thrust device；The horizontal fixture includes idler wheel (5.1), rolling
Race (5.2), telescopic rod (5.3) and extension sleeve (5.4), the idler wheel are movably arranged in the roller groove, the idler wheel
Slot is arranged in the front end of the telescopic rod, and the back end activity of the telescopic rod is plugged in the extension sleeve, the telescopic
Cylinder is equipped with the bolt (5.5) for fixing the telescopic rod, and the extension sleeve is fixedly connected with the frame.
9. pile-soil interface according to any one of claim 1-3 shears mechanics characteristic test device, which is characterized in that
The thrust device includes horizontal loading apparatus (3.1), horizontal transmission rod (3.2), pressure sensor B (3.3) and displacement sensing
Device B (3.4), the horizontal loading apparatus are fixedly connected with the frame, and one end of the horizontal transmission rod adds with the level
It carries and sets connected, the other end of the horizontal transmission rod is connected with the pressure sensor B and displacement sensor B successively.
10. pile-soil interface according to any one of claim 1-3 shears mechanics characteristic test device, feature exists
In the pressure apparatus includes that vertical loading device (4.1), vertical transmission rod (4.2), pressure sensor A (4.3) and displacement pass
Sensor A (4.4)；The vertical loading device is arranged on the reaction frame, and the vertical transmission rod is set up through the counter-force
Set, the upper end of the vertical transmission rod is connected with the vertical loading device, the lower end of the vertical transmission rod from top to bottom according to
It is secondary to be provided with the pressure sensor A and displacement sensor A.
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| CN109682691A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-26 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of borehole wall and enclose soil contact face shearing test equipment |
| CN113432975A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-24 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Detection device and detection system for rock sample pressurization test |
| CN116863803B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-04-02 | 长安大学 | Simulation device and method for model test in rock-soil body drilling |
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| CN107012897A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-08-04 | 广州市建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Soil lateral pressure realizes device and implementation method in pile foundation model test |
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| CN203490129U (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2014-03-19 | 浙江工业职业技术学院 | Inner load test device for post-grouting of pile tip |
| CN104374649A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-02-25 | 广州市建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Testing device and method for observing shear deformation failure characteristics between tubular pile and grouting soil body |
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| CN113432975A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-24 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Detection device and detection system for rock sample pressurization test |
| CN116863803B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-04-02 | 长安大学 | Simulation device and method for model test in rock-soil body drilling |
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