CN1176393C - Taber effect wave-splitting beam splitter - Google Patents
Taber effect wave-splitting beam splitter Download PDFInfo
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- CN1176393C CN1176393C CNB021362262A CN02136226A CN1176393C CN 1176393 C CN1176393 C CN 1176393C CN B021362262 A CNB021362262 A CN B021362262A CN 02136226 A CN02136226 A CN 02136226A CN 1176393 C CN1176393 C CN 1176393C
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Abstract
A wavelength-splitting beam splitter with Talbot effect is suitable for optical communication, optical interconnection, optical calculation, data storage, image processing and optical calculation. The method comprises the steps of outputting optical signals with different wavelengths from an input optical fiber, collimating the optical signals into parallel beams through a collimator, irradiating the parallel beams onto an amplitude or phase grating, and self-imaging the diffracted beams on an output optical fiber array with a condenser at a position which is N times of Talbot distance away from the grating. Large-scale arrays of spatially separated optical signals of different wavelengths are produced. And leading out by using an output optical fiber array. The invention realizes the double functions of coarse wave division and large-scale beam division by using a simple structure.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is a kind of wave and beam splitter of Tabo effect.Be applicable to optical communication, optical interconnection, photometry calculation, data storage, image processing and optical computing etc.
Background technology:
Optical fiber telecommunications system has obtained fast development with the information transmission of high capacity, high speed.Wherein, channel-splitting filter/beam splitter is being played the part of crucial role, and they are made of different devices usually.Divide (closing) ripple device/beam splitter to use in multi-user system effectively at present.Wavelength-division multiplex system can be divided into dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) and Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) by the multiplexed optical wave spacing, but the dwdm system cost is still higher, comparatively speaking, because the CWDM system channel is broad at interval, can use relatively cheap transceiving device of price and optical element, the cost of whole communication system reduces greatly.
Beam splitting element also occupies very critical role in optical fiber communication.Beam splitting element commonly used has: fused biconical taper, volume hologram, waveguide type [see Fardad, et al., Sol-Gel multimode interference powersplitters, IEEE Photon.Tech.Lett., 11,1999, p.697-699] etc.For example, adopt the fused biconical taper technology can realize 1 * 2 beam splitting, multi-stage cascade can be realized fairly large beam splitting, but this has increased loss, also makes system too complicated.From existing result of study, possess beam splitting simultaneously and divide the device of wave energy rarely found.Their characteristics are to have the branch beam function and do not possess the branch wave energy, perhaps have the branch wave energy, and do not possess ultra-large minute beam function.Optical array generator or luminaire based on design of Taibo (Talbot) effect principle and making obtained practical application in many research fields at present, for example [see ChangheZhou (Zhou Changhe) et al. in optical communication, light interconnection, photometry calculation, data storage, Flame Image Process and optical metrology etc., Analytic phase-factor equations for Talbot arrayilluminations, Applied Optics, 38,1999, p.284-290].
Summary of the invention:
The invention provides a kind of a kind of device that has extensive beam splitting and divide wave energy to unite two into one based on Taibo (Talbot) effect, it has thick channel-splitting filter/ultra-large type beam splitter function simultaneously.
The structure of wave and beam splitter of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.Include input optical fibre 1, by the collimating apparatus 2 that extender lens 201 and collimation lens 202 constitute, grating 3 and be positioned at the output optical fibre array that has condenser 401 apart from the incident end of grating 3N 〉=1 times talbot distance z.Input optical fibre 1 can transmit the light λ of two wavelength simultaneously
1And λ
2Light beam is after input optical fibre 1 outgoing, and at first through collimating apparatus 2 collimations, collimating apparatus 2 is made up of extender lens 201 and collimation lens 202.Collimating apparatus 2 links to each other with the output terminal of input optical fibre 1.Parallel beam through collimating apparatus 2 outgoing is mapped on the grating 3, and grating 3 can be an amplitude grating, or phase grating.From improving the angle of capacity usage ratio, be that phase grating is better.Grating 3 is placed on the light beam output terminal of collimating apparatus 2.On grating 3 light beam outbound courses,, there is input end to have the output optical fibre array 4 of condenser 401 apart from the z place of N 〉=1 times talbot distance.It is that the hot spot of free space is coupled in the output optical fibre array 4 that the head of each fiber array unit of output optical fibre array 4 has the purpose of condenser 401.
The different wave length light signal λ of transmission in input optical fibre 1
1And λ
2, light beam is from input optical fibre 1 output terminal outgoing, and through after the collimating apparatus 2, collimated is directional light, is radiated on the grating 3.Light by grating 3 can be diffracted, producing the extensive array of light signal of separating on the different wave length space from imaging on the talbot distance z, draws the large-scale spot array that different wave length light signal intersection is spatially separated with output optical fibre array 4.Therefore, device of the present invention has been realized the dual-use function of rough segmentation ripple and extensive beam splitting.
N times of talbot distance z of 4 of grating 3 and output optical fibre arrays satisfies grating from the imaging condition among the present invention.Consider the simplest situation, establish u
0(x) be the one dimension cycle transmittance function that is positioned at grating 3 on the z=0 plane, get by fourier progression expanding method:
u
0(x)=∑ c
kExp (i2 π xk/d) (1) wherein k is an integer, and the physical significance of k is inferior for the level of Fourier's level spectrum, c
kBe the coefficient of Fourier's level spectrum, x is the coordinate figure perpendicular to the one dimension direction of grating 3 grooves, and d is the cycle along x direction grating 3, and exp is an exponential function, and ∑ is multistage Fourier spectrum summation symbol.At wavelength is under the plane wave coherent illumination of λ, along z to the fresnel diffraction field of propagating is:
U (x, z)=∑ c
kExp[-i2 π z λ k
2/ (2d
2)] exp (i2 π xk/d) (2) talbot distance is defined as Z
T=(2d
2)/λ.With talbot distance Z
TIn the value substitution (2), be the form of (1), illustrated that grating 3 is at talbot distance Z
TThe position on from imaging.For wavelength X
1, λ
2Incident light, its talbot distance is respectively Z
T λ 1=(2d
2)/λ
1, Z
T λ 2=(2d
2)/λ
2, this shows, the wavelength difference, its corresponding talbot distance is just different.Condition in unified distance z is:
Z=N
1Z
T λ 1=N
2Z
T λ 2+ N
3Z
T λ 2, (3) are N wherein
1, N
2Be positive integer, N
3=1/2.For wavelength is the incident light of λ 1, then u (x, z) and u
0(x) distribution of same form is arranged, the z of this moment is N
1Talbot distance Z doubly
T λ 1Be λ to wavelength this moment
2Light wave, this moment z be (N
2+ 1/2) Bei talbot distance Z
T λ 2, also produce from imaging, its cycle still is d, but optical field distribution along x to offsetting d/2, claim the semiperiod displacement from imaging.When the essence of this phenomenon was each diffraction components superposition on the talbot distance, phase relation was identical with phase relation between each spectrum component of this object mutually, but for different wave length λ
1, λ
2Grating from imaging, therefore just in time in the space phase difference of half cycle, can realize wavelength subdivision and the large-scale beam function that divides simultaneously.
Can realize that by the parameters such as talbot distance that change grating cycle and branch several times partial wave divides beam function.By the ratio of two wavelength, can realize different λ
1And λ
2Channel-splitting filter and extensive beam splitter function as 1300nm and 1550nm (or 1350/1500nm) optical communication window wavelength.
Above-mentioned Taibo is had of one's own the description of image effect, N
1(2d
2/ λ
1)=(N
2+ 1/2) (2d
2/ λ
2), λ
2=1300nm, λ
2=1550nm (or λ
1=1500nm, λ
2=1350nm), be two lambda1-wavelengths, the numerical value substitution is got: N
1/ (N
2+ 1/2)=λ
1/ λ
2=1300/1550=13/15.5, then N
1=13, N
2=15.When the different grating cycle of consideration multiple situation is arranged: as working as d=100 μ m, z ≈ 200mm; As d=10 μ m, z ≈ 2mm; As d=20 μ m, z ≈ 8mm; As d=30 μ m, z ≈ 18mm; As d=40 μ m, z ≈ 32mm.
For the situation of thick wavelength-division, as N
1=15, N
2=13, λ
1=1500nm, λ
2=1350nm, then as d=100 μ m, z=200mm; As d=10 μ m, z=2mm and d=20 μ m, situations such as z=8mm it has been generally acknowledged that and choose d=20 μ m, d=30 μ m, or d=40 μ m relatively are suitable for using the output optical fibre array to draw the light signal that wavelength space separates.
For ease of understanding and telling about clearly, what say above is the situation that adopts amplitude grating 3.In fact, adopt phase grating 3 can also further improve optical efficiency.Under the coherent plane wave illumination, on certain plane, produced the Fresnel diffraction light field that the pure phase position distributes for amplitude grating.When being distributed in the coherent plane wave illumination for the pure phase position of phase grating, can produce the Modulation and Amplitude Modulation structure on the branch several times talbot distance plane that thereafter some determined, i.e. array hot spot is so that from output optical fibre array coupling output.
If rectangle opening, the grating 3 with dutycycle d/M are thrown light on by coherent plane wave, the transmittance function of grating is:
Wherein rect (x) is a rectangular function, and M is the positive integer greater than 1, M=2, and 3 ....This grating is at talbot distance (z=(p/2M) Z of minute several times
T, p=1,2,3 ...) the diffractional field u that locates (x, z) can be write as:
When p and M are relatively prime, the diffractional field of pure position phase will appear, can calculate the size that pure position distributes mutually by (5) formula.Find out that by (4) and (5) formula when the N=p/2M among the N times of talbot distance z, when promptly N was mark, phase grating produced from imaging equally to phase grating on the z distance and position.
Second order phase grating situation is discussed, and the ratio of compression of the array hot spot that the second order phase grating can be realized is 1/2 or 1/3, and wherein d/M is the ratio of compression of array hot spot.Distribute mutually by the position of choosing different phase gratings, and the array hot spot ratio of compression that obtains, can further determine N
1, N
2, N
3Numerical value.Because the ratio of compression of second order phase grating is restricted to 1/2 and 1/3,, must consider multistage step phase grating in order to obtain bigger ratio of compression to improve the hot spot light intensity.When the phase grating of out of phase step is used as the Taibo array illuminator, different situations is arranged.For example the second order phase grating can have six kinds of positions, multistage step phase grating will have more situation and [see Changhe Zhou (Zhou Changhe) et al., Number of phase levelsof a Talbot array illuminator, Applied Optics, 40 (5), 2001, p.606-613].
Compare with technology formerly, the present invention is cheap, easy to make, adopts multi-component-level phase grating, will obtain high efficiency large-scale optical fiber output array, and the array number of output array is many more, and efficient is high more, and for large-scale array, its efficient is more near 100%.Wherein the manufacture craft of phase grating (or claiming phase board) is: coat photoresist on substrate of glass, after even glue, exposure, development, just can be to photoresist with the design transfer on the template, utilize wet-chemical etching technology and high density plasma etch technology, on substrate of glass, carve required phase grating.Certainly, wherein mask can draw again that final minification forms with draught machine, also can select to use up to learn or the electron beam direct exposure generates figure.
Wave and beam splitter of the present invention demonstrates fully parallel, the advantage fast of optical information processing, when realizing that extensive luminous power is distributed, the rough segmentation of having both wave energy is arranged.The present invention has advantages such as low cost, will demonstrate fully its new practical value in the near future.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of partial wave beam splitting of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Structure as shown in Figure 1, the two-beam wavelength of importing for the most frequently used thick wavelength-division channel is λ
1=1300nm, λ
2=1550nm, grating 3 adopts phase grating.By one group of structural parameters of above-mentioned acquisition is d=20 μ m, z=8mm.Because device of the present invention is based on Taibo and has image effect of one's own, can form ultra-large high-level efficiency equal strength beam splitting array.All can form the array that contains a myriad of array element to each wavelength channel, for example 100 * 100=10000 bundle.The characteristics of device of the present invention are used very simple structure exactly, can be simultaneously to the thick wavelength-division demultiplexings of different wave length, and realize large-scale high-level efficiency, equal strength beam splitting array, this has important use value to Fiber to the home the practical application of Denging.
Claims (1)
1. the wave and beam splitter of a Tabo effect, comprise input optical fibre (1), collimating apparatus (2) by extender lens (201) and collimation lens (202) formation, grating (3), light beam is after input optical fibre (1) outgoing, after at first passing through collimating apparatus (2) collimation, the parallel beam of outgoing incides on the grating (3), it is characterized in that said grating (3) is an amplitude grating, or phase grating, at the light beam outbound course of grating (3) and apart from N times of talbot distance Z of grating (3) place, be equipped with the output optical fibre array (4) that the incident end has condenser (401)
Z=2Nd herein
2/ λ,
2d wherein
2/ λ is a talbot distance
D is the cycle of grating (3),
λ is the incident light wavelength,
N is the positive integer more than or equal to 1.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021362262A CN1176393C (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2002-07-26 | Taber effect wave-splitting beam splitter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021362262A CN1176393C (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2002-07-26 | Taber effect wave-splitting beam splitter |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1391117A CN1391117A (en) | 2003-01-15 |
| CN1176393C true CN1176393C (en) | 2004-11-17 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006072260A1 (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2006-07-13 | Hentze-Lissotschenko Patentverwaltungs Gmbh & Co. Kg | Beam splitter arrangement |
| CN100440653C (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2008-12-03 | 北京工业大学 | Design and placement method for diode laser array outer-cavity phase-locking amplitude compensating element |
| CN102865999B (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2015-03-04 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | LED optical characteristic detection method and detection device |
| JP6257807B2 (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2018-01-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Array type wavelength conversion laser device |
| CN113819998B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2024-01-16 | 中北大学 | Multidimensional angular vibration sensor based on two-dimensional single-layer grating structure |
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