CN1100274C - Flat crossed group filter - Google Patents

Flat crossed group filter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1100274C
CN1100274C CN 00130400 CN00130400A CN1100274C CN 1100274 C CN1100274 C CN 1100274C CN 00130400 CN00130400 CN 00130400 CN 00130400 A CN00130400 A CN 00130400A CN 1100274 C CN1100274 C CN 1100274C
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sampling
grating
group filter
sample period
crossed group
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CN1289055A (en
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陈向飞
谢世钟
范崇澄
李栩辉
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Priority to CN 00130400 priority Critical patent/CN1100274C/en
Publication of CN1289055A publication Critical patent/CN1289055A/en
Priority to CN 01821770 priority patent/CN1246714C/en
Priority to PCT/CN2001/001534 priority patent/WO2002037141A2/en
Priority to AU2002221466A priority patent/AU2002221466A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/0208—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response
    • G02B6/02085—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response characterised by the grating profile, e.g. chirped, apodised, tilted, helical

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of optoelectronic technology and optical fibre communication, and is composed of two or a plurality of strong chirping sampling Bragg gratings with forbidding bands overlapped crosswise, wherein the sampling period of each grating is from 0.47mm to 4.4mm; the chirping coefficient c of the period is between 1.45*10<-5>/mm and 2.2*10<-3>/mm. The present invention has the advantages of small volume, low cost, good wave filtering performance, small insertion loss and simple process of the Bragg gratings, and has the good characteristics of spectrum dispersion. The present invention is particularly suitable for crossed group filters of 12.5G, 25G, 50G.

Description

Flat crossed group filter
The invention belongs to photoelectron technology and technical field of optical fiber communication.Be particularly related to Bragg preparing grating technology.
In computer realm, the speed of development of CPU is deferred to Moore's Law, and promptly the frequency of CPU was doubled in per 18 months.In the information age, the speed of development of optical internet is to double in per 9 months, such speed of development needs a kind of high capacity, economy, flexible and solid telecom information infrastructure, dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) technology is exactly the light wave that transmits a plurality of different wave lengths in the single optical fiber inter-sync, allow data rate and capacity obtain multiplication, it makes full use of the enormous bandwidth resource in the low-loss district of single-mode fiber, adopt wave multiplexer, merge at the light carrier of transmitting terminal, import single-mode fiber then into different provision wavelengths.The multiplex mode that will be again the light carrier of different wave length be separated by channel-splitting filter at receiving unit, according to different wavelength division multiplexers (channel-splitting filter, wave multiplexer), wavelength that can multiplexing varying number.The characteristics of DWDM technology: the transmission capacity that it can make an optical fiber increases several times to tens times than single wavelength transmission, be realize the vast capacity optical communication the road of ideal.Channel-splitting filter, wave multiplexer are the Primary Components in the optical WDM communication system.For realizing 50GHz and avoiding the undue complexity of device technology and too expensive simultaneously less than 50Ghz dense wavelength division system at interval, in the OFC exhibition in March, 2000, a kind of crossed group filter of the numerous and confused proposition of many companies, Chroum company is referred to as Slicer, Wavesplitter, companies such as JDS Uniphase are referred to as crossed group filter (Interleaver).Basic application such as Fig. 1 of this device, by two respectively frequency interval be being used in combination of common multiplexing demultiplexing device (not shown on the figure) of target interval twice, the special odd number channel number that cooperates, a special channel number that cooperates even number, cooperate a crossed group filter 112 that signal can be separated by odd even again, just can realize 50GHz and less than the dense wavelength division multiplexing system of the frequency interval of 50Ghz.Fig. 1 represents the secondary filtering, has used two kinds of channel spacing crossed group filters 112 and 123,124, makes the signal of one 1 * 8 channel change 41 * 2 signal at last into.The basic functional principle of traditional group filter is the interference of two-beam, interferes to have produced the output that periodic original signal wavelength repeats integral multiple, just can select suitable group of frequencies output by the third edge pattern that control is interfered.In other words can make the shape that spectrum becomes similar pectination ripple of passing through of group filter by suitable interferometric parameter design.Existing interfere type group filter can be by the interferometer of fused biconical taper, liquid crystal, formations such as birefringece crystal.The simplest method for making is the group filter that is made into Mach-Zehnder (Mach-Zehnder) interferometer type by fused biconical taper technology.This structure as shown in Figure 2, by two three- dB couplers 22 and 24 and two sections not isometric optical fiber 23 and 27 of being connected wherein constitute.Just can realize needed frequency interval by accurate control length difference.Traditional is its channel roof sharp-pointed 31 based on interference technique group filter shortcoming, and the sideband 32 of passage changes slowly, (be selected from C.H.Huang as shown in Figure 3, H.Luo, S.Xu, and P.Chen, " Ultra low loss; temperature-insensitive 16-channel 100GHz wavelength-division-multiplexers based on cascade all-fiber unbalanced Mach-Zednder structure ", Conference onOptical Fiber Communication 1999, TuH2, pp.79-81.), need special balancing technique to realize smooth filtering performance, this difficulty that has increased manufacturing technology has improved device cost simultaneously greatly.
On the other hand, evenly optical fiber Bragg (Bragg) grating has the modulation of strict periodic refractive index uniformly, its Bragg centre wavelength
λ B＝2Λ eff
Wherein, Λ is the cycle of grating, n EffIt is the effective refractive index of optical fiber.When the cycle of grating is not uniformly, claims usually the grating cycle to exist and warble that its mathematic(al) representation is:
Λ (z)=Λ 0(1-cz) (l/2＜z＜l/2) wherein, c is a chirp coefficient, and z is the coordinate along grating, and l is the length of grating.
There is the forbidden band in the Bragg grating, and the center in forbidden band promptly is a Bragg centre wavelength, and when the incident light wavelength drops in the forbidden band, incident light will be reflected, and this is the basic filtering principle of Bragg grating.Sampling Bragg grating is a kind of special Bragg grating, tradition sampling Bragg grating, and belonging to does not have the sampling Bragg grating of warbling or warble for a short time, has several passbands and forbidden band, and adjacent two or more passbands or forbidden band are Uncrossed.In sampling Bragg grating, there are two kinds of periodic modulation, as shown in Figure 4, and the one, be the Grating Modulation 41 of sub-micrometer scale (optical communication with about 0.52 nanometer) modulation period, be that the sampling of millimeter magnitude modulates 42 modulation period in another.In the structure of sampling Bragg grating, there is a plurality of transmission forbidden band (infinite in theory many) that equates at interval, when the wavelength of incident light wave drops in the forbidden band, the transmission of light wave will be hindered, have only the part light wave could see through grating, when depth of modulation is bigger, have only few light transmission grating, most light are reflected back.Sampling rate (in sampling effectively grating length with the ratio of sample period) is more little, and the sampling rate of sampled-grating is more little, and its reflectance spectrum is even more.When the 1550nm in the corresponding optical communication window of the cycle of grating, generally there are 0.5mm, 1mm and 2mm sample period, wavelength interval in its each forbidden band correspondence of fiber grating is respectively 1.6nm, 0.8nm and 0.4nm, and corresponding frequency interval is 200 GHzs, 100 GHzs and 50 GHzs.Therefore in sampling Bragg grating, in the time of in the incident light wavelength drops on these forbidden bands, incident light will be reflected, and on the contrary, when the incident light wavelength drops on outside the forbidden band, light will not have the grating that sees through that stops.Though spectrum response characteristic from sampling Bragg grating, sampling Bragg grating meets the basic definition of group filter, but the spectral property of traditional sampling Bragg grating is not uniform in utilized bandwidth, the spectrum response of Bragg centre wavelength is inequality with the spectral property of off-center wavelength, along with the degree increase of off-center wavelength, its difference will increase.Simultaneously, the phase response in filtering bandwidth of tradition sampling Bragg grating is non-linear, and signal pulse shows as the serious distortion of waveform through such sampling Bragg grating, therefore strictly speaking, traditional sampling Bragg grating is the group filter that can't use.
The present invention seeks to overcoming the weak point of prior art, a kind of flat crossed group filter is proposed, adopt the sampling Bragg grating of warbling by force, incorporating parametric control, not only inherited the advantage of Bragg grating: volume is little, cost is low, filtering characteristic is good, the insertion loss is little, technology is simple relatively, and have excellent spectrum and dispersion characteristics, be particularly suitable for the crossed group filter of 12.5G, 25G, 50G.
A kind of flat crossed group filter that the present invention proposes, it is characterized in that, adopt the sampling Bragg optical grating constitution of warbling by force of adjacent two or several forbidden bands juxtaposition, this grating sampling cycle, the chirp coefficient c in cycle was 1.45 * 10 between 0.47mm and 4.4mm -5/ mm and 2.2 * 10 -3Between/the mm.Make passband or forbidden band be made adjacent passband or forbidden band juxtaposition, can produce transmission of resonance type hyperchannel and reflection by strong broadening.
Adopt following parameter can obtain comparatively ideal filtering performance at fiber grating
(1) sample period between 0.47mm and 0.55mm, according to chirp coefficient c of corresponding cycle of different channel spacings respectively 1.93 * 10 -3/ mm and 2.2 * 10 -3Between/the mm: 9.7 * 10 -3/ mm and 1.1 * 10 -3Between/the mm; 4.9 * 10 -4/ mm and 5.4 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 2.4 * 10 -4/ mm and 2.7 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 1.22 * 10 -4/ mm and 1.36 * 10 -4Between/the mm.
(2) sample period 0.95 and 1.1mm between, according to chirp coefficient c of corresponding cycle of different channel spacings respectively 9.2 * 10 -4/ mm and 1.28 * 10 -3Between/the mm; 4.5 * 10 -4/ mm and 6.5 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 2.3 * 10 -4/ mm and 3.1 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 1.2 * 10 -4/ mm and 1.5 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 5.7 * 10 -5/ mm and 7.2 * 10 -5/ mm.
(3) sample period 1.9 and 2.2mm between, according to chirp coefficient c of corresponding cycle of different channel spacings respectively 2.4 * 10 -4/ mm and 2.8 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 1.2 * 10 -4/ mm and 1.4 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 6 * 10 -5/ mm and 7 * 10 -5Between/the mm, 3 * 10 -5/ mm and 3.6 * 10 -5Between/the mm.
(4) sample period 3.8 and 4.4mm between, corresponding cycle chirp coefficient c is respectively 6 * 10 -5/ mm and 7 * 10 -5Between/the mm; 2.9 * 10 -5/ mm and 3.6 * 10 -5Between/the mm; 1.45 * 10 -5/ mm and 1.8 * 10 -5Between/the mm.
(5) modulation profile in each sampling adopts Blackman, Hamming, and Gauss (Gauss), Tanh, Sinc, Cauchy, superelevation this (Super-Gauss) is cut the flatness that toe can improve group filter, reduces to compose the fluctuating of response and phase response.
Above parameter selects to be adapted at fiber grating, the fiber grating that promptly prepares in optical fiber.The sampling Bragg grating that on other materials, prepares, as the sampling Bragg grating that on high molecular polymer (polymer) waveguide and silica-based waveguides, prepares, the foregoing invention content stands good, but corresponding sample period and chirp coefficient c need be multiplied by a factor 0.67/n Index, n wherein IndexBe the mean refractive index of sampling Bragg grating, its numerical value approximates the refractive index of material.
The present invention has following characteristics: (1) can hold the number of channel more than 64; (2) have smooth filtering performance, (ripple) is very little in the fluctuating of filtering characteristic; (3) have precipitous passband and forbidden band negative edge.(4) in passband, has the phase response of near-linear.Compare with traditional technology, the present invention belongs to distributed feed-back type (DFB) group filtering technique, based on sampling Bragg grating, and the interference technique of no relative complex, thereby simpler.Inherited the advantage of Bragg grating based on the group filter of DFB: volume is little, cost is low, filtering characteristic is good, the insertion loss is little, technology is simple relatively, be particularly suitable for the group filter of 12.5G, 25G, 50GHz, and having excellent spectrum and dispersion characteristics, is the non-Lorentz group wave filter on the flat-top that belongs to desirable, high and steep edge.
Principle of the present invention is: the employing method that adding is warbled by force on traditional sampling Bragg grating is when chirped grating is very big, passband or forbidden band will be made adjacent passband or forbidden band juxtaposition by strong broadening, light transmits in the passband of these strong broadenings and forbidden band, can produce transmission of resonance type hyperchannel and reflection.Adopt the method for parameter control can improve the performance of wave filter of the present invention to sampling Bragg grating: the size that changes sampling rate can be controlled the balance in passband and forbidden band, makes the edge steepening in passband and forbidden band.Especially, when the modulation profile in each sampling is Gauss or this distribution of superelevation, it is very smooth that the top in passband or forbidden band can become, simultaneously owing to adopt bigger warbling, phase response in the typical bandwidth in passband and forbidden band is very near linear, time delay changes very little, can not cause the distortion of incoming signal pulse.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Fig. 1, be existing crossed group filter fundamental diagram.
Fig. 2, be existing based on Mach-Zehnder crossed group filter structural representation.
Fig. 3, based on the filtering characteristic synoptic diagram of Mach-Zehnder crossed group filter.
Fig. 4, general sampling Bragg optical grating construction synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5, implement illustration for preparation crossed group filter device of the present invention.
Fig. 6, be the transmission spectrum and the reflectance spectrum synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 7, be the transmission spectrum and the reflectance spectrum synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 8, be the transmission spectrum and the reflectance spectrum synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Fig. 9, be the transmission spectrum and the reflectance spectrum synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 4.
Embodiment 1 is based on the 100G crossed group filter of fiber grating, its sample period 0.5mm, and sampling rate 0.55, chirp coefficient c equals 2.0g * 10 -3/ mm, (in the effective length of sampling) adopts Gauss to cut toe in sampling.The transmission spectrum of embodiment 1 and reflectance spectrum are as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 2 is based on the transmission spectrum and the reflectance spectrum of the 50G crossed group filter of fiber grating, sample period 1mm, and sampling rate 0.5, chirp coefficient c equals 5.17 * 10 -4/ mm, this cuts toe to adopt superelevation in sampling.The transmission spectrum of embodiment 2 and reflectance spectrum are as shown in Figure 7.
Embodiment 3 is based on the transmission spectrum and the reflectance spectrum of 25G crossed group filter of the Bragg grating of silica-based waveguides, sample period 1.04mm, and sampling rate 0.5, chirp coefficient c equals 2.67 * 10 -4/ mm adopts Sinc to cut toe in sampling, and the transmission spectrum of embodiment 3 and reflectance spectrum are as shown in Figure 8.
Embodiment 4 is based on the transmission spectrum and the reflectance spectrum of the 12.5G crossed group filter of fiber grating, sample period 1mm, and sampling rate 0.2, chirp coefficient c equals 1.26 * 10 -4/ mm does not cut toe in sampling, the transmission spectrum of embodiment 4 and reflectance spectrum are as shown in Figure 9.
Embodiment.
The device of present embodiment 1 preparing grating method as shown in Figure 5.Wherein, light source adopts continuous 244nm frequency multiplication Argon ion laser 51 (production of U.S. coherent company).Optical bench 521 is fixed on the ESP6000 scanning mobile platform (production of Newport company) 53, scanning reflection mirror 522 is fixed on an end of optical bench 521, sliding seat 523 can be in optical bench 521 horizontal slips, and post lens 524 are fixed on the sliding seat, and scanning mobile platform kinematic accuracy is 0.1mm.Catoptron 522 has the function of scanner uni folded light beam, lens 524 have the function of focusing and the ultraviolet light of laser instrument 51 output are reflexed on the phase mask 54 of warbling, phase mask length is 50mm, warbling is 0.7nm/mm, and ultraviolet light is radiated at carrying on the high quick optical fiber 55 of processing through hydrogen under it through phase mask.ESP6000 scanning mobile platform links to each other with the PIO mouth (not shown) of microcomputer.By on microcomputer, moving the drive software that designs in advance, the motion state (move distance, the residence time) of control mobile platform, control obtains 100GHz crossed group filter sampling Bragg fiber grating by stopping and making it according to a certain characteristics of motion operation of setting.
The main technique flow process of present embodiment 1 is as follows:
1. optical fiber is carried hydrogen and handle and peel off coat long about about 30mm;
2. after optical fiber being fixed on even phase mask plate, making it to try one's best but do not stick;
3. adjust the luminous power of laser instrument to the about 100mW of output;
4. adjust light path, the hot spot through scanning reflection mirror and lens is radiated on the fibre core of optical fiber;
5. open ESP 6000 systems of microcomputer, enter the working interface of software, and ESP 6000 is carried out initialization;
6. start the scanning mobile platform, make it can free movement;
7. various offset movement parameters are set, driven sweep mobile platform follow procedure control operation.
Wherein, the software programming of gated sweep mobile platform motion state is: adopt Visual Basic 6.0 programming languages, on the basis of the dynamic data chained library (Dynamic Link Library) that ESP 6000 systems provide, worked out software based on the making sampling Bragg grating of Windows95 operating system.
In the whole process of making, adopting spectrum width is that wide spectrum light source 58, circulator 56 and the precision of 25nm is that the AQ-6315B spectrometer 57 of 0.05nm carries out the test of grating performance, sampling Bragg grating reflection spectrum and transmitted spectrum are analyzed, can be obtained the performance parameter of fiber grating.Adjust the distance of lens and phase mask, repeat above technological process, obtain needed crossed group filter sampling Bragg grating.If typical transmission spectrum that the typical optical fiber grating that utilizes present embodiment to make provides and reflectance spectrum have as shown in Figure 6 the transmission peaks and the reflection peak of a plurality of uniform spaces.
Embodiment 2 manufacturing process such as embodiment 1.Embodiment 3 usefulness silica-based waveguides replace optical fiber 55, other manufacturing process such as embodiment 1.The amplitude template of sampling rate 0.2, other manufacturing process such as embodiment 1 before phase mask 54, have been placed in embodiment 4 manufacturing process.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of flat crossed group filter is characterized in that, adopts the sampling Bragg optical grating constitution of warbling by force of adjacent two or several forbidden bands juxtaposition, and this grating sampling cycle, the chirp coefficient c in cycle was 1.45 * 10 between 0.47mm and 4.4mm -5/ mm and 2.2 * 10 -3Between/the mm.
2, flat crossed group filter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described sample period, corresponding cycle chirp coefficient c was respectively 1.93 * 10 between 0.47mm and 0.55mm -3/ mm and 2.2 * 10 -3Between/the mm; 9.7 * 10 -3/ mm and 1.1 * 10 -3Between/the mm; 4.9 * 10 -4/ mm and 5.4 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 2.4 * 10 -4/ mm and 2.7 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 1.22 * 10 -4/ mm and 1.36 * 10 -4Between/the mm.
3, flat crossed group filter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described sample period 0.95 and 1.1mm between, corresponding cycle chirp coefficient c is respectively 9.2 * 10 -4/ mm and 1.28 * 10 -3Between/the mm; 4.5 * 10 -4/ mm and 6.5 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 2.3 * 10 -4/ mm and 3.1 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 1.2 * 10 -4/ mm and 1.5 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 5.7 * 10 -5/ mm and 7.2 * 10 -5/ mm.
4, flat crossed group filter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described sample period 1.9 and 2.2mm between, corresponding cycle chirp coefficient c is respectively 2.4 * 10 -4/ mm and 2.8 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 1.2 * 10 -4/ mm and 1.4 * 10 -4Between/the mm; 6 * 10 -5/ mm and 7 * 10 -5Between/the mm, 3 * 10 -5/ mm and 3.6 * 10 -5Between/the mm.
5, flat crossed group filter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described sample period 3.8 and 4.4mm between, corresponding cycle chirp coefficient c is respectively 6 * 10 -5/ mm and 7 * 10 -5Between/the mm; 2.9 * 10 -5/ mm and 3.6 * 10 -5Between/the mm; 1.45 * 10 -5/ mm and 1.8 * 10 -5Between/the mm.
6, flat crossed group filter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the modulation profile in described each sampling adopts Blackman, Hamming, and Gauss, Tanh, Sinc, Cauchy, this cuts the toe structure superelevation.
7, as claim 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 described flat crossed group filters, it is characterized in that, be multiplied by a factor 0.67/n in described sample period and chirp coefficient c Index, n wherein IndexBe the mean refractive index of sampling Bragg grating, its numerical value approximates the refractive index of material.
CN 00130400 2000-11-06 2000-11-06 Flat crossed group filter Expired - Fee Related CN1100274C (en)

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CN 00130400 CN1100274C (en) 2000-11-06 2000-11-06 Flat crossed group filter
CN 01821770 CN1246714C (en) 2000-11-06 2001-11-05 Optical add drop filter
PCT/CN2001/001534 WO2002037141A2 (en) 2000-11-06 2001-11-05 Optical interleaver filter
AU2002221466A AU2002221466A1 (en) 2000-11-06 2001-11-05 Optical interleaver filter

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FR2834400A1 (en) * 2002-01-03 2003-07-04 Cit Alcatel OPTICAL FILTER AND FILTERING METHOD
US20090067785A1 (en) * 2005-03-25 2009-03-12 Silvia Ghidini Optical device comprising an apodized bragg grating and method to apodize a bragg grating
CN118033896A (en) * 2022-11-14 2024-05-14 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 Filter processing method, device, equipment and storage medium

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GB2280968B (en) * 1993-08-12 1996-07-31 Northern Telecom Ltd Chirped optical fibre filter
AUPN089895A0 (en) * 1995-02-03 1995-03-02 University Of Sydney, The Broadband grating
US5717799A (en) * 1996-10-10 1998-02-10 Northern Telecom Limited Optical waveguide filters
EP1030480A3 (en) * 1999-02-19 2002-06-12 JDS Uniphase Inc. Configurable optical circuit

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CN1246714C (en) 2006-03-22
WO2002037141A2 (en) 2002-05-10
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CN1484775A (en) 2004-03-24
CN1289055A (en) 2001-03-28
AU2002221466A1 (en) 2002-05-15

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