CN117638495A - Phased array antenna subarray with high isolation - Google Patents
Phased array antenna subarray with high isolation Download PDFInfo
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- CN117638495A CN117638495A CN202410093040.9A CN202410093040A CN117638495A CN 117638495 A CN117638495 A CN 117638495A CN 202410093040 A CN202410093040 A CN 202410093040A CN 117638495 A CN117638495 A CN 117638495A
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-isolation phased array antenna subarray, and belongs to the technical field of phased array antennas. The antenna unit is arranged on the surface of the microwave board in an array form, and the low-frequency power supply control connector, the radio frequency public terminal connector and the plurality of TR chips are arranged on the back surface of the microwave board; the radio frequency public terminal connector is connected with a plurality of TR chips through the strip line power divider, and each output port of the plurality of TR chips is connected to a corresponding antenna feed point through the strip line; each output end of the TR chip is controlled by a power signal, and a control signal of the TR chip is connected to the low-frequency power supply control connector through an independent power line. The TR chips in the invention adopt grouping power supply, and the channel is turned off by controlling the power supply, so that the TR chips do not work simultaneously, and the channels do not work simultaneously, thereby achieving the purpose of channel isolation, improving the accuracy of amplitude and phase in the antenna test process, and further improving the performance of antenna beam and antenna pointing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phased array antennas, in particular to a high-isolation phased array antenna subarray.
Background
Active phased array antennas are widely used in modern radar, guidance, communications, etc. The feeding point from the output end of the TR chip to the antenna is usually designed by adopting a microstrip line, and the isolation degree between channels is poor due to the problems of short distance between microstrip lines, space radiation, external interference and the like caused by small channel spacing above an X-band aiming at a phased array designed by adopting a microstrip line power divider. Or the phased array antenna is in a tile type integration, the number of the TR chips is large, the distance between the TR chips is short, the same voltage is supplied by the same group, when the phased array antenna is tested, the TR chips work simultaneously, the isolation between channels is poor, the amplitude and the phase of the channels are acquired inaccurately, and the performance of the phased array antenna such as the beam pointing precision can be deteriorated.
In the prior art, patent CN112768937a discloses a high isolation phased array antenna module and phased array antenna array face, and this high isolation phased array antenna module includes that circuit board and a plurality of arrays set up the radiating element on the circuit board, is provided with first parasitic element between two adjacent radiating element, and first parasitic element is used for optimizing the isolation between two adjacent radiating element. However, the patent scheme only considers the isolation between the antenna units, and can not solve the problems of the isolation between the TR channels, the influence of electromagnetic shielding on the isolation, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the phased array antenna design in the prior art has poor inter-channel isolation, inaccurate acquisition of amplitude and phase of channels, and performance deterioration such as beam pointing precision of the phased array antenna can be caused, and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following technical scheme:
a phased array antenna subarray with high isolation comprises a microwave board, antenna units arranged on the surface of the microwave board in an array form, a low-frequency power supply control connector arranged on the back of the microwave board, a radio frequency common terminal connector and a plurality of TR chips; the radio frequency public terminal connector is connected with a plurality of TR chips through a strip line power divider, and each output port of the plurality of TR chips is connected to a corresponding antenna feed point through a strip line; each output end of the TR chip is controlled by a power signal, and a control signal of the TR chip is connected to the low-frequency power supply control connector through an independent power line.
Further, the microwave board is of a multi-layer structure, and a power supply control wiring layer, a strip line wiring layer and a metal via hole for electrical connection of the TR chip are arranged on the microwave board.
Further, the radio frequency common terminal connector is connected with the common terminal of the strip line power divider through an electric hole on the microwave board, and four sub-ports of the strip line power divider are connected with the common ports of all the TR chips through the electric hole.
Further, the output port of the TR chip is connected to one end of the strip line through an electrical hole on the microwave board, and the other end of the strip line is connected to a corresponding antenna feed point through a coaxial via hole on the microwave board.
Further, the microwave board is provided with strip line ground holes, the distance between the strip line ground holes is smaller than 1/4 wavelength, and the strip line ground holes are connected with the strip line floor.
Further, an electrical connection via hole for power line routing is arranged on the microwave board, and the electrical connection via hole does not penetrate through the top microwave board.
Further, the number of the TR chips is four, the number of the antenna units is 16, and the subarrays are 4*4 and have 16 channels.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the invention, the radio frequency TR chips of all channels of the antenna subarray are powered by groups, and all TR chips do not work simultaneously by controlling the on-off of a power line in the test process, and all channels do not work simultaneously, so that the test accuracy of amplitude and phase in the test process of the phased array antenna is improved, and the performances of antenna beam formation and beam pointing are further improved;
2. in the invention, the TR chip is electrically connected with the antenna feed point in a strip line mode, so that space radiation and external interference can be reduced, and the purpose of channel isolation is achieved; meanwhile, the testing accuracy of amplitude and phase in the phased array antenna testing process is improved, and the performance of the antenna beam pointing accuracy is further improved;
3. in the invention, the radio frequency public terminal connector is electrically connected with the TR chip by adopting the strip line power divider, so that the space radiation can be reduced, the anti-interference capability can be enhanced, and the purpose of channel isolation can be achieved; meanwhile, the testing accuracy of amplitude and phase in the phased array antenna testing process is improved, and the performance of the antenna beam pointing accuracy is further improved
4. The strip line ground holes are also arranged on the microwave board, the distance between the strip line ground holes is smaller than 1/4 wavelength, and the strip line ground holes are connected with the strip line floor, so that electromagnetic signals are transmitted in the area formed by the ground holes and the floor, and the leakage of the electromagnetic signals can be effectively prevented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of an antenna subarray model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the antenna subarray model of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a vertical sectional structure of an antenna subarray according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the RF traces and TR chips of the antenna subarrays of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the power traces and TR chips of the antenna subarrays of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna sub-array channel according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a ribbon wire of the present invention;
in the figure:
1 is a microwave board;
2 is an antenna unit;
3 is a low-frequency power supply control connector;
4 is a TR chip;
5 is a radio frequency public terminal connector;
6-12 is TR chip power supply control wiring layer;
13-15 are strip line wiring layers;
16 is an electric hole;
17 is a stripline ground hole;
18 is an electrical connection via;
19-20 are coaxial vias;
21 is a strip line;
22 is the antenna feed point;
23 is TR chip one;
24 is TR chip two;
25 is a strip line power divider;
26 is TR chip three;
27 is TR chip four;
28. 29, 52, 53 are chip supply lines;
30-45 are antenna subarray channels;
46-49 are E-port power lines;
50 is a stripline floor;
51 is a dielectric layer.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this invention is not limited to the details given herein.
The invention provides a high-isolation phased array antenna subarray, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front structure of an antenna subarray model of the invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a back structure of the antenna subarray model of the invention.
The antenna subarray in this embodiment comprises a microwave board 1, a radio frequency common terminal connector 5, a low frequency power supply control connector 3, a strip line 21, a strip line power divider 25, a TR chip 4 and an antenna unit 2. The antenna units 2 are arranged on the surface of the microwave board 1 in an array form, and the radio frequency public terminal connector 5, the low-frequency power supply control connector 3 and the TR chip 4 are arranged on the back surface of the microwave board 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the antenna subarray of the present invention is shown in a schematic view in longitudinal section, and the microwave board 1 is a multi-layer dielectric board structure, which includes a TR chip power supply control wiring layer, a strip line power divider 25, a strip line wiring layer, and a metal via for electrical connection. The power supply control trace layers of TR chip 4 are shown by reference numerals 6-12 in fig. 3, and the strip line trace layers are shown by reference numerals 13-15 in fig. 3.
The radio frequency common terminal connector 5 of the antenna subarray is connected with the TR chip 4 through the strip line power divider 25 so as to realize the power distribution and synthesis of signals. Because the stripline power divider is used, the influences of space radiation and external interference are basically absent, so that the isolation between the TR chips is improved.
The TR chip is electrically connected to the antenna feed point by means of a strip line. When connected, the output port of the TR chip is connected to one end of the strip line 21 through the electrical hole 16 on the microwave board 1, and the other end of the strip line 21 is connected to the corresponding antenna feed point through the coaxial via hole, which is shown as reference numerals 19 and 20 in fig. 3.
The output end of the TR chip is controlled by a power supply, and control signals of the TR chip are respectively connected into the low-frequency power supply control connector 3 through independent power supply control lines. An electrical connection via 18 is provided on the microwave board to connect the TR chip with the power supply control line. As shown in fig. 3, the electrical connection via 18 is designed as a blind via, does not drill through the microwave board 1, and needs to avoid the TR chip, the strip line power divider and the rf common connector inside.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the microwave board 1 is further provided with strip line ground holes 17, the pitch of the strip line ground holes 17 is smaller than 1/4 wavelength, and the strip line ground holes 17 are connected with the strip line floor 50. As shown in fig. 7, which is a schematic diagram of a strip line structure, the strip line structure includes a strip line 21, a dielectric layer 51 and a strip line floor 50, and electromagnetic signals are transmitted on the strip line 21, and the area formed by the strip line ground hole 17 and the strip line floor 50 can effectively prevent leakage of the electromagnetic signals.
Because the radio frequency TR chips of all the antenna subarray channels are respectively powered, during the test process of the antenna, all the TR chips can not work simultaneously by controlling the power switch, and all the antenna subarray channels do not work simultaneously. Thereby improving the testing accuracy of amplitude and phase in the phased array antenna testing process, and further improving the performance of antenna beam forming and beam pointing.
The phased array antenna subarray with high isolation provided by the scheme is described below by taking four TR chips, 16 antenna units and an antenna subarray with 16 channels as an example.
In this embodiment, the TR chip includes five ports A, B, C, D, E, wherein A, B, C, D ports are input/output ports of the chip, and E ports are common ports of the chip, and each port has one chip.
When the signal receiving device works, the signal is input from an A/B/C/D port of the TR chip, amplified, attenuated, phase-shifted and synthesized in the TR chip, and then output from an E port; when the E port and the A port of the TR chip work, the AE is conducted, and the corresponding antenna subarray channels work normally; when the transmitting works, the signal is input from the E port, and is output from the A/B/C/D port after power division, phase shifting, attenuation and amplification. The four ports of the ABCD can work simultaneously or independently.
Specifically, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the antenna subarray radio frequency wiring and the TR chip of the present invention, four ports A, B, C, D of the TR chip are connected to one end of the strip line 21 through the electric hole 16, and the other end of the strip line 21 is connected to the antenna feeding point 22 through the coaxial via 19.
The radio frequency common terminal connector 5 of the antenna subarray is connected with the common terminal of the strip line power divider through the electric hole 16, and the four sub-ports of the strip line power divider are connected with the E ports of the four TR chips through the electric hole 16.
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic diagram of the antenna subarray channels of the present invention is shown, in which reference numerals 30-45 respectively represent channel numbers of 16 antenna subarray channels, and these channel numbers are in a one-to-one correspondence with A, B, C, D ports of four TR chips.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of the power supply wiring of the antenna subarray and the distribution of the TR chip, the A, B, C, D, E ports of the TR chip are respectively provided with an independent power supply control line, and all the power supply control lines are connected to the low-frequency power supply control connector 3, so that the power supply condition determines the working condition of the TR chip.
Because of the limited number of cores of the low frequency power supply control connector 3, the power supply control lines of the A, B, C, D ports of the TR chip may be connected at intervals of one antenna sub-array channel, for example, the antenna sub-array channels 30, 32, 38, 40 are connected, the antenna sub-array channels 31, 35, 33, 37 are connected, the antenna sub-array channels 34, 36, 42, 44 are connected, and the antenna sub-array channels 35, 37, 43, 45 are connected, as shown in fig. 5:
the four antenna sub-channels 30, 32, 38, 40 correspond to the chip power supply line 28.
The four antenna sub-channels 31, 35, 33, 37 correspond to the chip power supply line 29.
The four antenna sub-channels 34, 36, 42, 44 correspond to one chip power supply line 52, with the D-port chip of TR chip one 23, the D-port chip of TR chip two 24, the A-port chip of TR chip three 26, and the A-port of TR chip four 27.
The C port chip of the TR chip one 23, the C port chip of the TR chip two 24, the B port chip of the TR chip three 26 and the B port chip of the TR chip four 27 correspond to one chip power supply line 53 in total of four antenna subarray channels 35, 37, 43 and 45.
The E-ports of the TR chip 4 are individually connected to the low-frequency power supply control connector 3, as shown in fig. 5, the E-port of the TR chip one 23 is connected to the E-port power supply line 46, the E-port of the TR chip two 24 is connected to the E-port power supply line 47, the E-port of the TR chip three 26 is connected to the E-port power supply line 48, and the E-port of the TR chip four 27 is connected to the E-port power supply line 49.
When an antenna test is carried out, the working principle of the high-isolation subarray of the invention is as follows:
when testing the antenna subarray channel 30, the low frequency power supply control connector 3 supplies power to the chip power supply line 28 and the E-port power supply line 46, and the a-port and the E-port of the TR chip one 23, the a-port of the TR chip two 24, the D-port of the TR chip three 26, and the D-port of the TR chip four 27 are simultaneously opened. At this time, if the power lines 47, 48, 49 of the E-ports are not supplied, the E-ports of the TR chip two, TR chip three, and TR chip four are not supplied and do not operate, and at this time, the chip itself is in a high-loss state and is in a high-isolation state. Meanwhile, since the antenna sub-channels 30, 32, 38, 40 are all separated by one channel, the channel spacing is further, and the antenna sub-channels 32, 38, 40 and the antenna sub-channels 30 have higher isolation. Since the power supply lines 29, 52, 53 and the power supply lines 46, 47, 48, 49 are not supplied with power, and the port chips corresponding to the four TR chips are not supplied with power and do not operate, the channels other than the antenna sub-channels 30, 32, 38, 40 are not operated, and the chips corresponding to the ports are in a high-loss state, exhibit a high-isolation state, have an isolation effect, and have a higher isolation degree with respect to the antenna sub-channels 30 if the distance between the chips and the antenna sub-channels 30 is further.
In summary, in the testing process of the antenna sub-array channels 30, the rest 15 antenna sub-array channels have higher isolation with the antenna sub-array channels 30 due to the conditions of longer interval, non-working channels and the like, so that the amplitude and phase testing of the antenna sub-array channels 30 is more accurate, and the purpose of high pointing accuracy of the antenna sub-arrays is achieved.
According to the working mode, when the antenna subarray channels 31-45 except the antenna subarray channel 30 work independently, the isolation degree between the antenna subarray channels is high, the tested amplitude and phase are accurate, and the antenna pointing precision is better.
The antenna subarray in this embodiment has the following advantages:
the power supply of the TR chip is grouped power supply, and the channel is turned off through the switch control of the power supply, so that the TR chip does not work simultaneously, and the 16 antenna subarray channels do not work simultaneously, so that the purpose of channel isolation is achieved, the accuracy of amplitude and phase in the antenna testing process is improved, and the performances of antenna beam forming and antenna pointing are further improved.
The A, B, C, D four ports of the four TR chips and the wiring of the 16 antenna subarray channels 30-45 are strip lines, the influence of space radiation and external interference is basically absent, the isolation between the 16 antenna subarray channels is further improved, the mutual influence between the 16 antenna subarray channels is reduced in the antenna test process, the amplitude and phase test is more accurate, and the beam pointing precision performance of the antenna is improved.
The design mode of the high-isolation subarray with the total of 16 channels of 4*4 can be further expanded into subarray designs with more channels, for example, the high-isolation subarrays with the total of 64 antenna subarray channels of 16 x 4. In the embodiment, the power supply mode of the TR chip is that the chips of the 4 antenna subarray channels share a group of power supplies, and the power supply mode can be expanded to that the 1 or 2 antenna subarray channels share a group of power supplies, so that the accuracy of amplitude and phase testing is further improved.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present patent. Various modifications and variations which may be made by those skilled in the art without the creative effort are within the scope of the patent described in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The phased array antenna subarray with high isolation is characterized by comprising a microwave board (1), antenna units (2) which are arranged on the surface of the microwave board (1) in an array form, a low-frequency power supply control connector (3) which is arranged on the back of the microwave board (1), a radio frequency public terminal connector (5) and a plurality of TR chips (4); the radio frequency public terminal connector (5) is connected with the plurality of TR chips (4) through the strip line power divider, and each output port of the plurality of TR chips (4) is connected to a corresponding antenna feed point (22) through the strip line (21); the output end of the TR chip (4) is controlled by a power signal, and the control signal of the TR chip is connected to the low-frequency power supply control connector (3) through an independent power line.
2. The phased array antenna subarray of claim 1, wherein the microwave board (1) has a multi-layer structure, and the microwave board (1) is provided with a power supply control wiring layer, a strip line wiring layer and a metal via hole for electrical connection of the TR chip (4).
3. A phased array antenna subarray according to claim 1, wherein the radio frequency common port connector (5) is connected to the common port of the stripline power divider through an electrical hole (16) in the microwave board (1), and the four ports of the stripline power divider (25) are connected to the common ports of the TR chips (4) through electrical holes (16).
4. A phased array antenna subarray according to claim 1, wherein the output port of the TR chip (4) is connected to one end of a strip line through an electrical aperture (16) in the microwave board (1), and the other end of the strip line is connected to the corresponding antenna feed point through a coaxial via in the microwave board (1).
5. A phased array antenna subarray according to claim 1, wherein strip line ground holes (17) are provided on the microwave board (1), the spacing between the strip line ground holes (17) is less than 1/4 wavelength, and the strip line ground holes (17) are connected with a strip line floor (50).
6. A phased array antenna subarray according to claim 1, wherein the microwave board (1) is provided with electrical connection vias (18) for power conductor routing, said electrical connection vias (18) not penetrating the top microwave board (1).
7. A high isolation phased array antenna subarray according to claim 1, wherein the number of TR chips (4) is four, the number of antenna elements (2) is 16, and the antenna subarray is 4*4 for a total of 16 channels.
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| CN202410093040.9A CN117638495B (en) | 2024-01-23 | 2024-01-23 | Phased array antenna subarray with high isolation |
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| CN202410093040.9A CN117638495B (en) | 2024-01-23 | 2024-01-23 | Phased array antenna subarray with high isolation |
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