CN216251157U - 64-unit mixed beam forming active antenna array - Google Patents
64-unit mixed beam forming active antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN216251157U CN216251157U CN202123089391.3U CN202123089391U CN216251157U CN 216251157 U CN216251157 U CN 216251157U CN 202123089391 U CN202123089391 U CN 202123089391U CN 216251157 U CN216251157 U CN 216251157U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a 64-unit hybrid beam forming active antenna array, which is large in unit number, small in overall size by adopting an active antenna structure, and amplitude control of each unit by adding a numerical control attenuator in a radio frequency front end. It includes: the eight-unit subarray comprises eight units which are linearly arranged at intervals; a metal shield case; the eight unit sub-arrays are arranged in parallel at intervals; each unit subarray also comprises a one-to-eight power division network; each unit comprises an antenna and a radio frequency front end; the antenna of each unit is located at the corresponding top position of the multilayer printed circuit board, the radio-frequency front end of each unit is located at the corresponding bottom position of the multilayer printed circuit board, and the radio-frequency front end of each unit is correspondingly arranged at the position right below the corresponding antenna; the metal shielding box is positioned below the multilayer printed circuit board and covers all the radio frequency front ends.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a 64-unit hybrid beam forming active antenna array.
Background
As the demand for mobile data increases at a high speed, the wireless communication capacity needs to be increased, and therefore, the number of transceiving channels of a wireless communication device is rapidly increasing, and the wireless communication capacity is expanded by the mimo technology and the beamforming technology. On one hand, in the beam forming technology, the all-digital beam forming has excellent performance including coding freedom of digital domain height, flexible multi-beam capability and higher beam gain, but the system complexity is too high, the cost is too large, the power consumption is too high, on the contrary, the analog beam forming has low cost and low power consumption, but only can support one path of data stream, the data transmission rate is limited, and the hybrid beam forming can compromise between the performance and the cost, so that the higher beam gain, the interference suppression and the data stream multiplexing to a certain degree can be realized with lower complexity, cost and power consumption. On the other hand, the volume of the wireless communication equipment is larger due to the large number of transceiving channels, and the volume of the equipment can be greatly reduced by adopting a structure that the active antenna replaces a cable to connect the radio frequency front end and the antenna.
In the field of beamforming antenna arrays, a series of technical achievements have emerged. In recent years, beamforming antenna arrays are gradually being focused by related researchers, however, with the disclosed related beamforming antenna array structure, the following three problems still exist.
1. The antenna and the radio frequency front end are connected by a cable, and the structure is not compact enough, so that the volume of the communication equipment is larger.
2. The method is limited by the whole size, the number of units is less, the beam forming usually adopts analog beam forming or mixed beam forming with less digital channels, the supported data stream is less, and the beam gain is also lower.
3. The rf front-end generally can only implement phase control and cannot implement amplitude control, and therefore cannot reduce side lobe levels and improve interference suppression.
Therefore, a beamforming antenna array with a small overall size and capable of controlling the amplitude of each unit is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the utility model provides a 64-unit hybrid beam forming active antenna array, which is large in unit number, small in overall size is realized by adopting an active antenna structure, and amplitude control of each unit is realized by adding a numerical control attenuator in a radio frequency front end.
A 64-element hybrid beamforming active antenna array, comprising:
the eight-unit subarray comprises eight units which are linearly arranged at intervals;
a metal shield case;
the eight unit sub-arrays are arranged in parallel at intervals;
each unit subarray also comprises an one-to-eight power division network, and the one-to-eight power division network comprises a multilayer printed circuit board and a corresponding integrated circuit;
each unit comprises an antenna and a radio frequency front end;
the antenna of each unit is located at the corresponding top position of the multilayer printed circuit board, the radio-frequency front end of each unit is located at the corresponding bottom position of the multilayer printed circuit board, and the radio-frequency front end of each unit is correspondingly arranged at the position right below the corresponding antenna;
the metal shielding box is positioned below the multilayer printed circuit board and covers all the radio frequency front ends;
eight metal holes penetrate through the multilayer printed circuit board in the thickness direction, and the antenna of each unit is connected with the radio frequency front end through the metal holes;
the multilayer printed circuit board comprises a top metal layer and a bottom metal layer, and the bottom metal layer is connected with corresponding chips of the integrated circuits through microstrip lines;
each radio frequency front end comprises a numerical control attenuator.
It is further characterized in that:
the unit subarrays are the same in size, the spacing between every two adjacent unit subarrays in the width direction is the same, the size of each unit in each unit subarray is the same, the spacing between every two adjacent units in each unit subarray is the same, and the antenna of each unit is arranged in the center of the unit;
the multilayer printed circuit board is sequentially provided with a top metal layer, a first medium substrate, a first middle metal layer, a first pasting medium layer, a second middle metal layer, a second medium substrate, a third middle metal layer, a second pasting medium layer, a fourth middle metal layer, a third medium substrate and a bottom metal layer from top to bottom; the top metal layer is a ground plane, the first middle metal layer, the second middle metal layer and the third middle metal layer are provided with power lines and control signal lines, the fourth middle metal layer is a ground plane, and the microstrip lines of the bottom metal layer are connected with corresponding chips of all integrated circuits;
each radio frequency front end comprises a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a transmitting amplifier, a receiving amplifier and two single-pole double-throw switches;
the one-to-eight power division network is positioned at the bottom of the multilayer printed circuit board and is realized by combining seven Wilkinson power dividers and a plurality of sections of microstrip lines; each Wilkinson power divider comprises a power divider chip and an isolation resistor with the resistance value of 100 ohms, the ports of the Wilkinson power dividers are connected through microstrip lines, and eight branches of a one-to-eight power divider network are connected with the radio frequency front end through the microstrip lines;
the metal shielding box comprises 64 shielding cavities, each shielding cavity covers the radio frequency front end of one unit, a plurality of gaps are arranged on the metal wall between the adjacent shielding cavities, and the gaps prevent the shielding box from being in short circuit with the microstrip lines.
After the structure of the utility model is adopted, the eight unit sub-arrays respectively transmit one path of data flow; when the active antenna array is in a transmitting mode, signals of each unit subarray are divided into eight paths of signals with equal amplitude and same phase after passing through a one-to-eight power division network, and the eight paths of signals are transmitted to eight radio frequency front ends, and the eight radio frequency front ends are fed into the antenna units to be transmitted in an electromagnetic wave mode after completing signal amplification, amplitude control and phase control; when the active antenna array is in a receiving mode, signals received by the antenna of each unit subarray are transmitted to the radio frequency front end of the unit, the radio frequency front end completes the amplification, amplitude control and phase control of the signals, and a one-to-eight power division network synthesizes the signals of the eight units into 1-path data flow to be output; each unit subarray realizes analog beam forming by controlling the amplitude phase of the signal of each unit, and the 64-unit mixed beam forming active antenna array completes digital beam forming by controlling the amplitude phase of the data stream of the eight unit subarrays in a digital domain; the unit quantity is large, the small integral size is realized by adopting an active antenna structure, and the amplitude control of each unit is realized by adding a numerical control attenuator in the radio frequency front end.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a 64-element hybrid beamforming active antenna array;
fig. 2 is a horizontal level structure diagram of a 64-element hybrid beamforming active antenna array;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an RF front end;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a one-to-eight power division network;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a metal shielding box;
fig. 6 is a beam scanning pattern of a 64-element hybrid beam forming active antenna array;
the names corresponding to the sequence numbers in the figure are as follows:
the antenna comprises a unit subarray 1, a unit subarray 2, a unit subarray 3, a unit subarray 4, a unit subarray 5, a unit subarray 6, a unit subarray 7, a unit subarray 8, an antenna 9, a top metal layer 10, a first medium substrate 11, a first middle metal layer 12, a first pasted medium layer 13, a second middle metal layer 14, a second medium substrate 15, a third middle metal layer 16, a second pasted medium layer 17, a fourth middle metal layer 18, a third medium substrate 19, a bottom metal layer 20, a metal hole 21, a metal shielding box 22, a numerical control attenuator 23, a numerical control phase shifter 24, a transmitting amplifier 25, a receiving amplifier 26, a single-pole double-throw switch 27, a single-pole double-throw switch 28, a Wilkinson power divider 29, a power divider chip 30, an isolation resistor 31, a shielding cavity 32 and a gap 33.
Detailed Description
A 64-element hybrid beamforming active antenna array, see fig. 1-5, comprising eight element sub-arrays 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and a metal shielding box 22; each unit of each unit subarray is linearly arranged, and eight unit subarrays 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are arranged in parallel; each unit subarray comprises eight antennas 9, eight radio frequency front ends and a one-to-eight power division network, the one-to-eight power division network is realized by a multilayer printed circuit board and an integrated circuit, and the antennas 9 and the radio frequency front ends are respectively positioned at the top and the bottom of the multilayer printed circuit board; the metal shielding box 22 is located below the multilayer printed circuit board and covers the radio frequency front end, so that heat dissipation of the external signal shielding box is achieved.
The unit subarrays are identical in size and spacing, the spacing is 54mm, namely the central frequency of the working frequency band corresponds to 0.63 time of the wavelength, the unit subarrays are identical in size and spacing, the spacing is 54mm, the antenna 9 of each unit is located in the center of the unit, and a laminated patch antenna is adopted; each unit subarray comprises eight antennas 9, eight radio frequency front ends and one-to-eight power division network, and is realized by adopting a multilayer printed circuit board and an integrated circuit.
The multilayer printed circuit board is sequentially provided with a top metal layer 10, a first medium substrate 11, a first middle metal layer 12, a first pasting medium layer 13, a second middle metal layer 14, a second medium substrate 15, a third middle metal layer 16, a second pasting medium layer 17, a fourth middle metal layer 18, a third medium substrate 19 and a bottom metal layer 20 from top to bottom; the top metal layer 10 is a ground plane, the first middle metal layer 12, the second middle metal layer 14 and the third middle metal layer 16 are provided with power supply lines and control signal lines, the fourth middle metal layer 18 is a ground plane, the microstrip lines of the bottom metal layer 20 are connected with all integrated circuit chips, the metal holes 21 are connected with the radio frequency front end and the antenna of each unit, six grounding holes which are encircled into a circle are arranged around the metal holes 21 and communicated with the ground of all metal layers of the printed circuit board, and leakage of signals in the transmission process of the metal holes 21 is inhibited.
Each radio frequency front end comprises a numerical control attenuator 23, a numerical control phase shifter 24, a transmitting amplifier 25, a receiving amplifier 26 and two single-pole double- throw switches 27 and 28, the attenuation step of the numerical control attenuator 23 is 0.25dB, the phase shift step of the numerical control phase shifter 24 is 5.625deg, in order to reduce the number of control lines, the numerical control attenuator 23 and the numerical control phase shifter 24 adopt serial control, when the active antenna array is in a transmitting mode, the two single-pole double- throw switches 27 and 28 are connected with the transmitting amplifier, and when the active antenna array is in a receiving mode, the two single-pole double- throw switches 27 and 28 are connected with the receiving amplifier 26.
The one-to-eight power division network is positioned at the bottom of the multilayer printed circuit board and is realized by seven Wilkinson power dividers 29 and a plurality of sections of microstrip lines; each wilkinson power divider 29 comprises a power divider chip 30 and an isolation resistor 31 with the resistance value of 100 ohms, the ports of each wilkinson power divider 29 are connected by microstrip lines, eight branches of a one-and-eight power dividing network are connected with the radio frequency front end by microstrip lines, and the length of each section of microstrip line needs to be controlled to ensure that the group delay from the combining port of the one-and-eight power dividing network to the port of each branch is the same.
The metal shielding box 22 comprises 64 shielding cavities 32, each shielding cavity covers the radio frequency front end of one unit, the shielding cavities 32 are 5mm high, a plurality of gaps 33 are formed in the metal wall between the shielding cavities, short circuit between the shielding box and the microstrip line is prevented, and the gaps 33 are 2mm wide and 2mm high.
The metal hole 21 is a mature structure formed by forming a through hole in the multilayer printed circuit board and then coating metal on the hole wall.
In specific implementation, in order to verify the authenticity and reliability of the 64-unit hybrid beam forming active antenna array structure provided by the utility model, a 64-unit hybrid beam forming active antenna array example with a working center frequency of 3.5GHz is manufactured according to the 64-unit hybrid beam forming active antenna array structure provided by the utility model for verification, all dielectric substrates of a printed circuit board of the designed active antenna array example adopt TLY-5 plates with a thickness of 0.254mm, and all bonded dielectric layers adopt RO4450F with a thickness of 0.2 mm. FIG. 6 shows a beam scanning pattern of an example 64-element hybrid beam forming active antenna array, wherein at 3.5GHz, the beam gain of the active antenna array is 44dBi when the beam is directed to 0deg, the variation of the beam gain scanned within-40 deg to 40deg is less than 2.5dB, and no grating lobe appears within-60 deg to 60 deg.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the utility model is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the utility model being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A 64-element hybrid beamforming active antenna array, comprising:
the eight-unit subarray comprises eight units which are linearly arranged at intervals;
a metal shield case;
the eight unit sub-arrays are arranged in parallel at intervals;
each unit subarray also comprises an one-to-eight power division network, and the one-to-eight power division network comprises a multilayer printed circuit board and a corresponding integrated circuit;
each unit comprises an antenna and a radio frequency front end;
the antenna of each unit is located at the corresponding top position of the multilayer printed circuit board, the radio-frequency front end of each unit is located at the corresponding bottom position of the multilayer printed circuit board, and the radio-frequency front end of each unit is correspondingly arranged at the position right below the corresponding antenna;
the metal shielding box is positioned below the multilayer printed circuit board and covers all the radio frequency front ends;
eight metal holes penetrate through the multilayer printed circuit board in the thickness direction, and the antenna of each unit is connected with the radio frequency front end through the metal holes;
the multilayer printed circuit board comprises a top metal layer and a bottom metal layer, wherein the bottom metal layer is connected with corresponding chips of the integrated circuits through microstrip lines;
each radio frequency front end comprises a numerical control attenuator.
2. A 64-element hybrid beamforming active antenna array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the unit subarrays are identical in size, the distance between every two adjacent unit subarrays in the width direction is identical, the size of each unit in each unit subarray is identical, the distance between every two adjacent units in each unit subarray is identical, and the antenna of each unit is located in the center of the unit.
3. A 64-element hybrid beamforming active antenna array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the multilayer printed circuit board is sequentially provided with a top metal layer, a first medium substrate, a first middle metal layer, a first pasting medium layer, a second middle metal layer, a second medium substrate, a third middle metal layer, a second pasting medium layer, a fourth middle metal layer, a third medium substrate and a bottom metal layer from top to bottom; the top metal layer is a ground plane, the first middle metal layer, the second middle metal layer and the third middle metal layer are provided with power lines and control signal lines, the fourth middle metal layer is a ground plane, and the microstrip lines of the bottom metal layer are connected with corresponding chips of all integrated circuits.
4. A 64-element hybrid beamforming active antenna array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each radio frequency front end comprises a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a transmitting amplifier, a receiving amplifier and two single-pole double-throw switches.
5. A 64-element hybrid beamforming active antenna array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the one-to-eight power division network is positioned at the bottom of the multilayer printed circuit board and is realized by combining seven Wilkinson power dividers and a plurality of sections of microstrip lines; each Wilkinson power divider comprises a power divider chip and an isolation resistor with the resistance value of 100 ohms, the ports of the Wilkinson power dividers are connected through microstrip lines, and eight branches of a one-to-eight power divider network are connected with the radio frequency front end through the microstrip lines.
6. A 64-element hybrid beamforming active antenna array as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the metal shielding box comprises 64 shielding cavities, each shielding cavity covers the radio frequency front end of one unit, a plurality of gaps are arranged on the metal wall between the adjacent shielding cavities, and the gaps prevent the shielding box from being in short circuit with the microstrip lines.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123089391.3U CN216251157U (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | 64-unit mixed beam forming active antenna array |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123089391.3U CN216251157U (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | 64-unit mixed beam forming active antenna array |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN216251157U true CN216251157U (en) | 2022-04-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123089391.3U Active CN216251157U (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | 64-unit mixed beam forming active antenna array |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN216251157U (en) |
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2021
- 2021-12-09 CN CN202123089391.3U patent/CN216251157U/en active Active
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