CN117624302A - 一种用于有效递送核酸的分支链结构多肽载体及其变化形式 - Google Patents
一种用于有效递送核酸的分支链结构多肽载体及其变化形式 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种分支链结构多肽载体及其变坏形式,其中所述分支链结构多肽具有如下序列通式:Xaa1(P2)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P1)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P2),或Xaa1(P1)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P2)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P2)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P1),或Xaa1(P2)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P1)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P1)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P2),或Xaa1(P2)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P1)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P2)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P1)‑Xaa1‑Xaa1(P2),本发明所述技术方案能够高效将核酸递送到体内组织和器官中实现靶向治疗,多肽比大分子药物(蛋白质和抗体)有数倍的构象灵活性和亲和力。多分支链多肽具有长时间的体内稳定性,同时保持强大的亲和力和最小的毒性。与核酸分子通过静电相互作用形成稳定的纳米复合物或纳米颗粒,能够实现对核酸类药物的递送及其在细胞内的稳定释放,提升核酸药物的活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及递送核酸领域,尤其涉及一种有效递送核酸的分支链结构多肽载体及其变化形式。
背景技术
核酸药物包括质粒DNA(pDNA)、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、微RNA(microRNA)、反义核酸(Antisense oligonucleotides)、信使RNA(mRNA)、适配体(aptamer)等。这些核酸分子可改变细胞遗传信息,对细胞和机体直接产生生物学效应。核酸从体外到体内,在进入细胞内,这一过程中存在着降解、沉淀、蛋白结合等问题。多肽载体可携带核酸药物,从而避免降解、沉淀、被蛋白络合,保证核酸药物能够在体内发挥作用。
核酸药物一般在生理状态下呈负电荷性,阳离子化合物可以通过静电结合在一起,并对核酸产生压缩作用,保护核酸不被酶降解,阳离子化合物容易和细胞膜融合,有助于核酸药物从内涵体中逃逸。常用的小分子阳离子脂质包括DOTAP(1,2-二油酰-3-三甲基氨基丙烷)、DDAB(双十二八烷基二甲基溴化铵)等,在体外可以达到一定的转染效果,但在体内很难达到期望的效果。另外阳离子聚合物含有大量的正电荷,如聚L-赖氨酸、DEAE-葡聚糖、聚乙烯亚胺、壳聚糖等,进入细胞形成内涵体后,由于质子海绵作用使大量水份进入内涵体,从而使内涵体破裂,核酸药物就会逃逸进入包浆。因此这些阳离子聚合物不仅具有细胞毒性,而且核酸表达效率不高。
随着对疾病基因相关机制的不断研究,核酸类药物目前已被证明能够用于多种疾病的治疗,引发了全球的广泛关注,其中一些核酸类药物已获得批准上市,用于临床治疗。然而,普遍存在的降解速度快、肝肾清除速度快、细胞摄取率低以及难以从细胞内涵体逃逸等问题,极大阻碍了核酸类药物的临床应用。药物分子在靶细胞中的递送效率是限制药物疗效非常重要的因素,多肽在基因递送应用方面具有很多优势,多肽药物大多数来源于内源性肽或者天然肽,多肽在人体生理中具有重要作用,可以充当激素、神经递质、生长因子、离子通道配体等,具有安全性、耐受性、有效性和易合成等优点。多肽比大分子药物(蛋白质和抗体)构象更灵活。比如环肽分子具有长时间的体内稳定性,同时保持强大的结合亲和力和最小的毒性。
目前成熟的固相合成方法能提供结构明确的高纯度多肽分子,可获得α-螺旋、β-折叠等具有重要生物学活性的二级结构,与具有组织靶向功能的序列或分子偶联可以制备靶向性多肽。多肽可以通过非共价相互作用(包括疏水相互作用、静电相互作用、分子间氢键、π-π堆积相互作用等)按照一定次序组装成稳定的纳米结构。目前已报道的多肽递送载体大体可分为两类:一类是模拟、改造穿膜肽(cell penetrating peptide)序列的多肽;另一类是将靶向性多肽、穿膜肽与其他载体混合使用。作为生物同源的新一代生物材料,多肽具有优越的生物、化学特性。其中,两亲性多肽分子具有类似天然磷脂分子的特性,有着更为丰富的分子结构、且能够组装形成具有特殊生物学功能的组装体结构。因此,可以通过合理设计多肽的氨基酸序列,与核酸分子通过静电相互作用形成稳定的纳米复合物或纳米颗粒,能够实现对核酸类药物的递送及其在细胞内的稳定释放,提升核酸药物的活性。
多肽作为体内药物载体或前体药物,将目的基因吸附、装载,或者修饰,拓宽了多肽在医药领域的应用范围。例如RGD肽与整合素受体特异性结合,可以进行肿瘤靶向治疗。多肽和抗体的结合是开发新型多肽疗法的新途径,在抗体-肽偶联药物中,抗体部分可能作为靶向实体,而多肽部分是效应部分,所以多肽的偶联途径具有较强的治疗潜力。线粒体作为肿瘤细胞的靶点,KLAKLAKKLAKLAK是一种双亲性α螺旋结构穿膜肽,是一条促凋亡多肽,在抗肿瘤方面可以发挥作用。蜂毒肽是蜂毒中的主要多肽成分,可以将RNA干扰(RNAi)靶向递送至肝细胞。
肽递送的主要障碍是肽的降解,环化可以减少蛋白裂解,支链肽具有改善半衰期的特点,在癌症靶向领域具有广阔的前景。目前解决多肽药物稳定性的策略是与载体(如脂质体和固体纳米颗粒)进行连接,或者构建多分支多肽形成具有特异性和稳定性的纳米制剂。支链多肽具有明确的化学结构,与线性多肽相比更稳定。
发明内容
在上述背景基础上,本发明提供了一种具有基因递送效率高,结构稳定的有效递送核酸的分支链结构多肽载体及其变化形式,采用的技术方案如下。
根据本发明的一方面,提供一种分支链结构多肽具有如下序列通式:
Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2),
或Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1),
或Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2),
或Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2);
其中,
P1=(Lys-Xaa2)n-(Lys-Xaa2-Xaa3)m-C1-L,或P1=(Lys-Xaa2)n-(Lys-Xaa2-Xaa3)m-L,
或P1=(Lys-Xaa2)n-(Lys-Xaa2-Xaa3)m;
P2=(Leu-Xaa4)o-(Leu-Xaa4-Xaa5)g-C2,或P2=(Leu-Xaa4)o-(Leu-Xaa4-Xaa5)g;
Xaa1为天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)或赖氨酸(Lys);
Xaa2,Xaa3为天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)、赖氨酸(Lys)或精氨酸(Arg)、丙氨酸(Ala)、甘氨酸(Gly)、丝氨酸(Ser)、天冬酰胺(Asn)或谷氨酰胺(Gln)中的任一种;
Xaa4,Xaa5为甘氨酸(Gly)、丝氨酸(Ser)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丙氨酸(Ala),缬氨酸(Val),亮氨酸(Leu),异亮氨酸(Ile)、脯氨酸(Pro)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、色氨酸(Trp)或蛋氨酸(Met)中的任一种;
C1和C2是半胱氨酸(Cys);
L是任选的配体,其可以存在或不存在,并且可以独立选自如精胺或亚精胺、聚赖氨酸、聚精氨酸、MPG肽、HIV-结合肽Tat、SAP肽、MAP肽、KALA肽、FGF肽、HSV肽、RGD肽、GLP-1肽、PEP-1肽、信号肽或信号序列、细胞因子、生长因子、激素、小分子化药、糖类、治疗活性蛋白或肽、抗原或抗原表位、抗体、抗体受体的配体、合成的配体、受体的抑制剂或拮抗剂、免疫刺激性蛋白或肽、鱼精蛋白、核仁蛋白、转铁蛋白、聚阳离子肽序列、多元胺、肽核酸、核酸嵌入剂、核定位信号或序列(NLS)、细胞穿透肽、糖类、甘露糖、半乳糖、小分子激动剂、聚-L-赖氨酸(PLL)、碱性多肽、降钙素肽、乳铁蛋白、组蛋白、VP22衍生的或类似物肽或VP22(单纯疱疹)中的任一种;
m,n,o,g可以是彼此独立地选自0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9或10的任一数值;
所述分支链结构多肽包含具有从20-150个氨基酸残基的长度;
所述分支链结构多肽中包含至少一个二硫键偶联桥接;
所述分支链包括二分支、三分支、四分支、五分支。
根据发明的另一方面,提供一种分支链结构组合物,所述分支链结构多肽组合物为上述方案的分支链结构多肽中的一种独立使用,或几种组合使用。
根据发明的又一方面,提供一种分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物所述分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物为分支链结构多肽组合物允许进一步通过混合的方式,包含或携带一种或几种核酸形成分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物。
进一步的,所述的核酸包括天然存在的DNA、RNA或通过人工设计提取或合成得到的DNA或RNA;所述通过人工设计提取或合成得到的DNA或RNA包括小干扰核苷酸siRNA、信使核苷酸mRNA、微小核酸microRNA、小激活核苷酸saRNA、反义核苷酸或免疫刺激性核酸等。
进一步的,所述的分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物,其可以有效的携带核酸穿过动物及人类的细胞膜并释放核酸。
进一步的,所述的分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物,其可以与药物或治疗药剂组合使用,例如所述药物或药剂选自肽、抗体、酶、激素、抗肿瘤药物、抗血脂药物、抗生素、抗炎剂、细胞毒剂、细胞生长抑制剂、免疫调节剂或神经活性剂。
进一步的,所述的分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物包含C12-C18烷基或含有烯键的C6-C18烷基与多肽形成的复合物。
进一步的,根据上述的分支链结构多肽组合物或复合物,其可以包含与一种或多种表面活性剂、脂质体、类脂质体、醇质体、转运体、磷脂或其任何组合混合。
优选地,所述的脂质体包括但不限于N-(2,3-二油酰氧基)丙基)-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(DOTAP)、N-(2,3-二油基氧基)丙基)-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(DOTMA)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、二油酰磷脂酰胆碱(DOPC)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)、二油酰磷脂酰甘油(DOPG)、二油酰-磷脂酰乙醇胺(DOPE)、3,β-N,(N′,N′-二甲基氨基乙烷)-氨基甲酰基]胆固醇(DC-chol)、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱(DMPC)、二肉豆蔻酰磷酯酰乙醇胺(DMPE)、二油酰二甲基氯化铵(DODAC)、1-棕榈酰基-2-油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(POPC)、1,2-二油酰基-3-三甲基铵-丙烷(DOTAP-Cl)、1,2-二油醇-3-二甲基氨基-丙烷(DODMA)、1,2-二肉豆蔻酰-rac-甘油-3-甲氧基聚乙二醇(DMG-PEG2000)。2-(精胺甲酰氨基)乙基)-N,N-二甲基-三氟乙酸铵(DOSPA)、1,2-二油酰基-3-二甲基铵-丙烷(DODAP)、2,3-二油酰基氧基-N-[2-(精胺羧基酰氨乙基]-N,N-二-甲基-1-三氟乙酸丙铵(DOSPA)、二十八烷基酰氨基甘氨酰羧基精胺(DOGS)、二油酰基乙基-磷酸胆碱(DOEPC)、二植烷酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DPhPE)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DPPE)、3-β-[1-鸟氨酸酰胺氨基甲酰基]-胆固醇(O-Chol)、棕榈酰油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(POPE)或二棕榈酰油酰磷脂酰-甘油(DPPG)等商业化的脂质体,或上述脂质体组合的任何混合物。
进一步的,所述分支链结构多肽组合物或复合物,其可以包含与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、缓冲剂、稀释剂、赋形剂或其任何组合混合。
进一步的,所述载体根据给药方式选择是采用固体或液体形式。给药途径包括例如皮内或经皮,口服,肠胃外,包括皮下,肌内或静脉内注射,局部或鼻内等途径。本发明给药量根据动物模型来确定。所述模型包括人和动物,包括但不限于家畜如猫科或犬科受试者,农场动物例如但不限于牛、马、山羊、绵羊和猪受试者,研究动物如小鼠、大鼠、兔、山羊、绵羊、猪、狗、猫等,禽类如鸡、火鸡、鸣禽等,人、山羊、牛、猪、狗、猫、猴、猿或咄齿类动物,所述啃齿类动物包括小鼠、仓鼠和兔。
根据本发明的又一方面,上述技术方案的分支链结构多肽组合物或复合物在制备用于预防、治疗和/或改善选自下列疾病中的应用:癌症或肿瘤疾病,病毒或细菌性传染病,遗传性疾病,呼吸系统疾病,心血管疾病,神经系统疾病,消化系统疾病,骨骼疾病,结缔组织疾病,免疫缺陷疾病,内分泌疾病,眼病和耳病。
根据本发明的又一方面,上述技术方案的分支链结构多肽组合物或复合物用于预防、治疗和/或改善下列动物疾病中的应用,用于兽医用的药物组合物应用,或作为动物疫苗应用。
本发明所述的上述技术方案的分支链结构多肽或组合物,能够将RNA递送入动物/人的细胞、组织或个体的试剂盒。
优选地,本发明所述的分支链结构多肽可以并不仅限于选择以下通式子集,包括其中的一种或多种的组合,其氨基酸序列如表一所示,其中序列中的两个半胱氨酸(Cys)之间形成二硫键:
表格一
序列1 | K(LSLLSLC)KKK(LSLLSLC) |
序列2 | K(LLALLAC)KK(KS)KK(LLALLAC) |
序列3 | K(LLAC)KK(KD)KK(KD)KK(LLAC) |
序列4 | K(LLA)KK(KRC)KK(LLA)KK(KRC)KK(LLA) |
序列5 | K(LAALAALAALAALAAC)KKKK(LAALAALAALAALAAC) |
序列6 | K(LSALSALSALSAC)KK(KKKKK)KK(LSALSALSALSAC) |
序列7 | K(LAALAALAAC)KK(KAKAK)KK(KAKAK)KK(LAALAALAAC) |
序列8 | K(LAALAALAA)KK(KRKRRC)KK(LAALAALAA)KK(KRKRRC)KK(LAALAALAA) |
序列9 | K(LAALAALAALAALAALAALAAC)KKKK(LAALAALAALAALAALAALAAC) |
序列10 | K(LAALAALAALAALAALAALAAC)KK(KSKKSKKSKKSKKSK)KK(LAALAALAALAALAALAALAAC) |
序列11 | K(LAALAALAALAALAAC)KK(KDKDKDKDKDKD)KK(KDKDKDKDKDKD)KK(LAALAALAALAALAAC) |
序列12 | K(LAALAALAALAALAA)KK(KSKKSKKSKC)KK(LAALAALAALAALAA)KK(KSKKSKKSKC)KK(LAALAALAALAALAA) |
本发明首先通过固相合成制备出分支链结构的多肽,通过与mRNA混合,再与脂质混合,两步法制备出纳米颗粒复合物,然后对其进行理化性质表征和体内外实验验证。本发明的肽递送的主要障碍是肽的降解,环化可以减少蛋白裂解,支链肽具有改善半衰期的特点。目前解决多肽药物稳定性的策略是与载体(如脂质体和固体纳米颗粒)进行连接,或者构建多分支多肽形成具有特异性和稳定性的纳米制剂。支链多肽具有明确的化学结构,与线性多肽相比更稳定。目的是提供结构稳定的有效递送核酸的分支链结构多肽载体。
本发明所述的多分支链多肽组合物的技术方案,提供了一种具有基因递送效率高,结构稳定,且生物相容性好的多分支链多肽及其变化形式。本发明所述技术方案能够高效将核酸递送到体内组织和器官中实现靶向治疗,相比于现有的递送载体,本发明具有一系列有益的技术效果。多肽比大分子药物(蛋白质和抗体)有数倍的构象灵活性和亲和力。多分支链多肽具有长时间的体内稳定性,同时保持强大的亲和力和最小的毒性。
本发明所述的多分支链多肽作为新一代生物材料,多肽具有优越的生物、化学活性。因此,可以通过合理设计多肽的氨基酸序列,与核酸分子通过静电相互作用形成稳定的纳米复合物或纳米颗粒,能够实现对核酸类药物的递送及其在细胞内的稳定释放,提升核酸药物的活性。
本发明所述的分支链多肽组合物的制造相对可控,生物降解性和安全性好,副作用低并增强治疗指数,所述的分支链多肽组合物生物反应效果较好,能有效携带核酸药物进入体内组织和器官中的细胞内,通过细胞内涵体逃逸释放核酸产生药效。
本发明所述的分支链多肽组合物通过氨基酸序列的规则排列及二硫键偶联成环技术来有效的提高多肽分子的结构坚固性、细胞跨膜性和代谢稳定性,从而为如何将特定序列或正常序列的核酸安全、高效的导入到患者或动物的细胞或组织中的分子医学疗法提供了一种优化的技术方案。
附图说明
下述附图进一步举例说明本发明,它们不应该由此解释为限制本发明的主题。
图1是两种分支链多肽的液相色谱图;
图2是两种分支链多肽的质谱图;
图3是分支链多肽/脂质/mRNA复合制剂的粒径分布图;
图4是分支链多肽/脂质/mRNA复合制剂的凝胶电泳图;
图5是分支链多肽/脂质/mRNA复合制剂在293T细胞转染后的并表达目的荧光蛋白示意图;
图6是分支链多肽/脂质/mRNA复合制剂在小鼠体内有效的递送mRNA并表达目的基因蛋白;
图7为分支链多肽与mRNA制剂的凝胶电泳图;
图8为分支链多肽/脂质/mRNA复合制剂转染293T细胞中的荧光表达图;
图9为分支链多肽/脂质/mRNA复合制剂的293T细胞的毒性图;
图10为分支链多肽/脂质/mRNA复合制剂在小鼠体内荧光素酶的表达。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例及附图1-6对本发明作进一步详细说明,以便本领域技术人员可更好地理解本发明,从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
实施例1递送载体的制备
步骤1肽树脂的制备
1)根据目标序列选择固相合成用起始树脂,并根据树脂的取代度及合成规模称取相应的起始树脂重量;起始树脂重量的计算公式如下:
起始树脂重量(g)=合成规模(mmol)/树脂取代度(mmol/g)
2)将上述称量好的起始树脂投入100ml反应柱中并按照1g树脂加入8-10mL的DCM(二氯甲烷)或DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)的比例,再或两者的混合物进行鼓氮气并溶胀约30min,抽掉后DMF洗涤3遍;
3)向反应器中加入DBLK(20%哌啶/DMF混合液)溶液,目的脱去Fmoc保护基
团,为确保Fmoc保护基团脱除彻底一般脱两次,每次分别为5min和15min;
4)脱完Fmoc保护后采用茚三酮显色法进行检测显阳性(阳性即为有颜色);
5)检测显色后加入DMF进行清洗,每遍清洗时间1-2min,共清洗6遍;
6)清洗完成后加入目标肽序中需要偶联的氨基酸及固体和液体缩合试剂进行偶联反应,反应时间为1-2h(本实验采用的缩合试剂为HBTU(苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯)/DIEA(N,N-二异丙基乙胺),反应时间为1h);
7)反应结束后抽去反应液取少量树脂进行茚三酮显色法检测应显阴性(阴性即为无色),若显阳性证明还有部分的裸露的氨基表示反应不完全,需进行补投或是复投直至该步骤反应完全;
8)该步骤反应完全后DMF洗涤3遍抽掉洗涤液,重复上述3-7步至目标肽序最后一个氨基酸偶联完成(固相合成一般从C端向N端依次偶联);
9)整个肽序偶联完成后并去除最后一个氨基酸的Fmoc,加入甲醇对树脂进行收缩抽干得到肽树脂(本实验甲醇收缩共两次,每次约为10min)。
步骤2粗肽的制备
1)称取上述步骤1中的肽树脂,并加入裂解试剂进行裂解,裂解目的是去除肽树脂中的载体树脂以及序列中各氨基酸的侧链保护基。裂解试剂的配比及裂解时间根据肽序的长短及肽序中氨基酸的策略保护基的复杂程度选择适当的配比和时间(本次实验的裂解试剂配比为VTFA:V苯甲硫醚:V苯甲醚:VEDT=90:5:3:2,裂解时间为2h);
2)裂解完成后滤去树脂,保留滤液,并按照1mL滤液加入10mL无水乙醚的比例将过滤得到的滤液加入无水乙醚进行沉降,沉降约20-30min(本次实验沉降20min);
3)沉降完成后离心除去上清液得到滤饼,并将滤饼再次加入无水乙醚洗涤离心倒去上清液,如此步骤反复3遍,将滤饼洗涤干净;
4)洗涤后的滤饼放入干燥器中真空抽干得到粗肽。
步骤3多肽的环化及成品的制备
1)取上述步骤2中的粗肽,研磨成细分后用适宜的溶解试剂(水或水和乙腈的混合溶液)溶解至澄清并进行分析;
2)根据多肽要求,不需要环化的样品可根据分析结果选择合适的梯度洗脱条件采用制备色谱进行纯化工作,达到进一步提纯的目的;
如需环化则选择合适的环化试剂对上述溶解后样品进行环化,环化完成后再进行纯化工作(本实验采用的双氧水或碘进行环化);
3)经过一次纯化或多次纯化达到目标纯度后,将样品旋蒸浓缩后冷冻真空干燥;
4)冻干后得到多肽成品,取样进行HPLC(高效液相色谱法)分析与MS(质谱)的鉴定;
5)确定HPLC纯度达到要求,质谱分子量鉴定无误后入库待后续实验的开展(本实验样品入库保存条件为-20℃)。
如图1显示序列一和序列三分支链多肽纯度为97%和95%,如图2中显示相对分子质量与理论相对分子质量吻合,表明所合成的分支链结构多肽满足实验要求。
实施例2核酸递送载体的制备方法
首先将序列为1-4分支链多肽与mRNA制备4种复合制剂,分支链多肽与mRNA质量比为30:1至1:30。随后将可电离阳离子脂质/中性磷脂/胆固醇/PEG修饰脂质摩尔比为20-50:5-25:10-50:0.5-15与第一步混合溶液质量比为1:20至20:1,通过微流体芯片再次混合形成复合颗粒。通过超滤除去乙醇,收集得到最终的脂质/分支链多肽/mRNA复合制剂。样品1为序列1的多肽与mRNA质量比为1:1,将Dlin-MC3-DMA、DSPC、胆固醇、PEG-DMG溶于乙醇后与第一步复合制剂质量比为1:8混合。样品2为序列1的多肽与mRNA质量比为1:1,将Dlin-MC3-DMA、DSPC、胆固醇、PEG-DMG溶于乙醇后与第一步复合制剂质量比为1:10混合。样品3为序列1的多肽与mRNA质量比为1:1,将Dlin-MC3-DMA、DSPC、胆固醇、PEG-DMG溶于乙醇后与第一步复合制剂质量比为1:12混合。样品4为序列1的多肽与mRNA质量比为1:1,将Dlin-MC3-DMA、DSPC、胆固醇、PEG-DMG溶于乙醇后与第一步复合制剂质量比为1:15混合。
实施例3粒度仪检测实验
使用Malvern Zeta sizer Nano ZS(马尔文纳米粒度测试仪器),通过动态光散射法测定样品1-4的粒径(Size),多分散指数(PDI),结果显示脂质/分支链结构多肽/核酸复合颗粒粒径在100nm左右,PDI在0.2左右。说明制剂颗粒粒径较好。
测得的数据如下表2所示:
表2
实验编号 | 粒径 | 多分散指数 |
1 | 130.3 | 0.138 |
2 | 128.6 | 0.296 |
3 | 142.9 | 0.211 |
4 | 125.3 | 0.195 |
实施例4琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验
使用凝胶电泳仪探究分支链结构多肽与核酸溶液的结合能力。
1)称取1.5g琼脂糖加入到锥形瓶中,然后加150ml 1X TBE缓冲液,用于配置1%的凝胶;
2)加入RNA荧光染料,充分混匀,然后加入到制胶板中。将待测脂质/分支链多肽/核酸复合制剂与2X缓冲液按照1:1的比例充分混匀备用。向电泳槽中加入适量的TBE溶液;
3)设置电压为120V,时间20min。
只有样品孔中亮说明mRNA被完全包裹,样品孔中不亮且跑出明显RNA条带说明未被包裹,样品孔亮且有明显条带跑出说明部分被包裹。如图4所示,结果样品3和样品4可以完全包裹核酸。
实施例5体外荧光转染实验
293T细胞铺至24孔板,每孔1ml培养基,接种密度为1×10^5,生长12h至贴壁。随后加入1μg的mRNA制剂至400μl的无血清培养基中,混匀,阳性对照组为3μl lipo2000及1ug的EGFP加入至400μl的无血清培养基,混匀,静置10min。随后补加600μl DMEM完全培养基。阴性对照组为裸露的mRNA组,1ml的无血清培养基中加入1μg的mRNA,20h后荧光显微镜拍照。如图5所示,lipo2000组及核酸递送载体组均有绿色荧光信号,在无载体的mRNA组,未观察到明显的绿色荧光信号。说明脂质/分支链多肽/核酸复合制剂可以有效地携带mRNA转染进细胞中并表达目的荧光蛋白。
实施例6小鼠体内的目的荧光蛋白表达实验
实验采用6-8周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠,制备包裹了可以表达荧光素酶(Luciferase)的脂质/分支链多肽/核酸复合制剂样品3,分别以100μL(0.1μg/μL)剂量通过肌肉注射方式给药,给药14小时后腹腔注射Luciferin底物,进行小动物活体成像拍摄。待等底物失效后,重新注射Luciferin底物并解剖小鼠,观察小鼠的脾(spleen),肝(liver),肺(lung)组织,如图6所示,脂质/分支链多肽/核酸复合制剂组的小鼠体内都表达出明显的荧光。经过解剖后观察小鼠脏器组织发现,荧光主要集中于脾脏和肝脏组织中。说明脂质/分支链多肽/核酸复合制剂在小鼠体内有效的递送mRNA并表达目的基因蛋白。
实施例7琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验
配置1.5%的凝胶,用微波炉加热琼脂糖溶液,将琼脂糖完全溶解,加入sub green染料后倒入制胶板中,插入梳子。将序列9-12多肽样品与mRNA混合后与上样缓冲液Loadingbuffer按照1:1的比例充分混匀备用。向胶中加入Marker、样品到凝胶孔中。加上电压190伏的电压,约20min,用凝胶成像系统拍照。如图7所示,条带从左向右依次为Marker、序列9多肽与mRNA质量比为1:1,序列9多肽与mRNA质量比为1:2,序列10多肽与mRNA质量比为1:1,序列10多肽与mRNA质量比为1:2,序列11多肽与mRNA质量比为1:1,序列11多肽与mRNA质量比为1:2,序列12多肽与mRNA质量比为1:1,序列12多肽与mRNA质量比为1:2,结果显示复合物的位置都停留在加样孔中,说明多肽载体包裹了mRNA,从而有效保护mRNA,避免mRNA被降解。
实施例8核酸递送载体的制备方法
序列5-12的多肽与mRNA质量比为1:1进行混合,将Dlin-MC3-DMA、DSPC、胆固醇、PEG-DMG溶于乙醇后与第一步复合制剂质量比为1:12混合得到纳米制剂。纳米制剂命名为样品5-12。
实施例9粒度仪检测实验
使用Malvern Zetasizer NanoZS(马尔文纳米粒度测试仪器),通过动态光散射法测定样品5-12纳米颗粒的粒径(Size),多分散指数(PDI)和电动电位(Zeta P)。如表3所示,制剂的颗粒大小在100nm左右,电位大部分在20mv。多分散指数在0.1-0.4左右变化。
表3
样品编号 | 粒径(Size) | 多分散指数(PDI) | 电动电位(Zeta P) |
5 | 114.11 | 0.31 | 21.6 |
6 | 132.43 | 0.33 | 23.53 |
7 | 110.90 | 0.17 | 21.73 |
8 | 154.17 | 0.22 | -0.06 |
9 | 114.23 | 0.26 | 22.57 |
10 | 151.23 | 0.41 | 23.10 |
11 | 109.20 | 0.27 | 20.03 |
12 | 184.23 | 0.22 | 21.67 |
实施例10体外细胞转染实验
将293T细胞以3×104个/孔的密度种植在96孔细胞培养板中,长至24小时至贴壁。按照实施例8中纳米制剂的制备方法制备,吸取纳米制剂样品1-12,加入细胞中。培养24h后,加入显色液,采用Bright-LiteTM Luciferase Assay System试剂盒检测细胞的荧光表达,用酶标仪检测各孔发光值。图8展示了纳米制剂可以携带mRNA转染进293T细胞中并表达荧光蛋白,说明分支链多肽可以有效的携带核酸进入细胞。分支链多肽脂质纳米复合物在细胞水平均显示较好的表达量。
实施例11细胞毒性实验
将HEK-293T细胞以每孔3000个细胞的数量接种于96孔透明培养板,在37℃、5%CO2条件下的培养箱中过夜培养。培养24h后,舍弃培养基,然后分别加入含不同药物浓度的培养基,分别加入MC3-LNP和按照实施例2中的纳米制剂的制备方法制备,商业化的MC3-LNP作为对照,吸取纳米制剂样品1-3,加入细胞中。继续培养24h。培养结束后,每孔加入10ulCCK-8溶液,在37℃培养箱孵育2h,使用酶标仪读板检测450nm处的吸光度值并计算细胞活性。细胞毒性实验结果如图9所示:在本实验条件下,本发明的分支链多肽脂质纳米复合物的细胞毒性小于商业化的MC3-LNP,分支链多肽脂质纳米复合物表现出了更好的生物相容性,细胞增殖较明显,与商业化脂质成分MC3-LNP相比,样品1OD值为0.71,样品2OD值为1.01,样品3OD值为0.90,MC3-LNP OD值为0.65。
实施例12小鼠体内荧光蛋白表达实验
实验采用6-8w的雌性SPF级BALB/c小鼠(n=3),饲养于SPF级动物房,光照12/12,温度20-26℃,湿度40-70%,饲料、饮水充足。分别以100μL(0.05μg/μL)剂量通过肌肉注射方式给药,采用实施例8中制剂的制备方法制备,给药6h后,腹腔注射200ul浓度为15mg/ml的D-荧光素钾盐,将肌肉注射小鼠以仰卧姿势摆放在成像台上,D-荧光素钾盐注射5min后进行活体成像。全部组活体成像都结束后再次注射D-荧光素钾盐,5分钟后解剖小鼠,取心、肝、脾、肺、肾,进行器官成像。
如图10所示,与商业化脂质成分MC3-LNP相比,样品5、6、7、9、10、11、12组的小鼠体内都表达出明显的荧光,说明支链多肽脂质纳米复合物在小鼠体内水平均显示较好的表达量。
Claims (11)
1.一种具有如下序列通式的分支链结构多肽,其特征在于,其具有如下序列通式:
Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2),
或Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1),
或Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2),
或Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P1)-Xaa1-Xaa1(P2);
其中,
P1=(Lys-Xaa2)n-(Lys-Xaa2-Xaa3)m-C1-L,或P1=(Lys-Xaa2)n-(Lys-Xaa2-Xaa3)m-L,
或P1=(Lys-Xaa2)n-(Lys-Xaa2-Xaa3)m;
·P2=(Leu-Xaa4)o-(Leu-Xaa4-Xaa5)g-C2,或P2=(Leu-Xaa4)o-(Leu-Xaa4-Xaa5)g;
Xaa1为天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)或赖氨酸(Lys);
·Xaa2,Xaa3为天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)、赖氨酸(Lys)、精氨酸(Arg)、丙氨酸(Ala)、甘氨酸(Gly)、丝氨酸(Ser)、天冬酰胺(Asn)或谷氨酰胺(Gln)中的任一种;
·Xaa4,Xaa5为甘氨酸(Gly)、丝氨酸(Ser)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)、亮氨酸(Leu)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、脯氨酸(Pro)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、色氨酸(Trp)或蛋氨酸(Met)中的任一种;●C1和C2是半胱氨酸(Cys);
●L为精胺或亚精胺、聚赖氨酸、聚精氨酸、MPG肽、HIV-结合肽Tat、SAP肽、MAP肽、KALA肽、FGF肽、HSV肽、RGD肽、GLP-1肽、PEP-1肽、信号肽或信号序列、细胞因子、生长因子、激素、小分子化药、糖类、治疗活性蛋白或肽、抗原或抗原表位、抗体、抗体受体的配体、合成的配体、受体的抑制剂或拮抗剂、免疫刺激性蛋白或肽、鱼精蛋白、核仁蛋白、转铁蛋白、聚阳离子肽序列、多元胺、肽核酸、羧基亚精胺、羧基精胺、精胺和亚精胺类似物和核酸嵌入剂、核定位信号或序列(NLS)、细胞穿透肽、TAT、糖类、甘露糖、半乳糖、小分子激动剂、聚-L-赖氨酸(PLL)、碱性多肽、降钙素肽、FGF、乳铁蛋白、组蛋白、VP22衍生的或类似物肽或VP22(单纯疱疹)中的任一种;
·M、n、o和g是彼此独立地选自0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9和10中的任一数值;
●分支链结构多肽包含具有从20-150个氨基酸残基的长度;
·分支状结构包括二分支、三分支、四分支或五分支;
·分支链结构多肽中包含至少一个二硫键偶联桥接。
2.一种分支链结构多肽组合物,其特征在于,所述分支链结构多肽组合物为如权利要求1所述的分支链结构多肽中的一种独立使用,或几种组合得到。
3.一种分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物,其特征在于,所述分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物为如权利要求2所述的分支链结构多肽组合物通过混合的方式得到包含或携带一种或几种核酸的复合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物,其特征在于,所述核酸包括天然存在的DNA、RNA或通过人工设计提取或合成得到的DNA或RNA;通过人工设计提取或合成得到的DNA或RNA包括小干扰核苷酸siRNA、信使核苷酸mRNA、微小核酸microRNA、小激活核苷酸saRNA、反义核苷酸或免疫刺激性核酸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物,其特征在于,其可以有效的携带核酸穿过动物及人类的细胞膜并释放核酸。
6.根据权利要求3所述的分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物,其特征在于,其可以与药物或治疗药剂组合使用,所述药物或药剂选自肽、抗体、酶、激素、抗肿瘤药物、抗血脂药物、抗生素、抗炎剂、细胞毒剂、细胞生长抑制剂、免疫调节剂或神经活性剂。
7.根据权利要求3所述的的分支链结构多肽-核酸复合物,其特征在于,其包含C12-C18烷基或含有烯键的C6-C18与分支链结构多肽形成的复合物。
8.根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的分支链结构多肽组合物或复合物,其特征在于,其包含与表面活性剂、脂质体、类脂质体、醇质体、转运体和磷脂中的一种或多种组合混合。
9.根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的分支链结构多肽组合物或复合物,其特征在于,其包含与药学上可接受的载体、缓冲剂、稀释剂和赋形剂中的一种或多种组合混合。
10.根据权利要求2-7任一项的分支链结构多肽组合物或复合物在制备用于预防、治疗和/或改善来自下列疾病中的应用:癌症或肿瘤疾病,病毒或细菌性传染病,遗传性疾病,呼吸系统疾病,心血管疾病,神经系统疾病,消化系统疾病,骨骼疾病,结缔组织疾病,免疫缺陷疾病,内分泌疾病,眼病和耳病。
11.根据权利要求2-7任一项的分支链结构多肽组合物或复合物在制备用于预防、治疗或改善下列动物疾病中的应用,用于兽医用的药物组合物应用,或作为动物疫苗应用。
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