CN117617366A - Feeding fatty acid composition and application thereof in production of meat poultry - Google Patents
Feeding fatty acid composition and application thereof in production of meat poultry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a fatty acid composition for feeding and application thereof in production of meat poultry. The feed fatty acid composition of the present invention comprises a short chain fatty acid and/or a derivative thereof, a medium chain fatty acid and/or a derivative thereof, and a long chain fatty acid and/or a derivative thereof; wherein the derivative is one or more selected from salt, ester and amide; the mass ratio of the short chain fatty acid to the medium chain fatty acid to the long chain fatty acid is (7-12): (3-8): (80-90). The feeding fatty acid composition realizes balance of short, medium and long chain fatty acid, balance of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid and balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid aiming at the characteristics of meat poultry, can obviously reduce feed-meat ratio, promote weight gain of the meat poultry, improve meat quality and improve lipid metabolism, and has good application prospect in the fields of feed additives and feed development for the meat poultry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a fatty acid composition for feed and application thereof in production of meat poultry.
Background
The productivity of poultry is affected by many factors, such as genetics, nutrition, immunity, stress response, environment and feeding management, where nutritional factors are critical. The nutrition intervention is carried out in the feeding process of the meat poultry, and has an important effect on the production performance of the meat poultry.
Soybean oil is the most commonly used feed additive in poultry farming at present. The soybean oil is added into the basic ration to increase the energy density of the feed, improve the growth speed and feed conversion rate of animals, provide essential fatty acid required by the cultured animals and promote the growth and development of the animals. However, while soybean oil has wide application in the farming industry, it may not be the most desirable choice. The high fat content and unsaturated fatty acid ratio of soybean oil may burden the digestive system of animals, resulting in dyspepsia and intestinal problems. Based on the above, a low-price substitute for soybean oil needs to be found, so that the daily basic energy and nutrition requirements of the meat poultry can be met, the production performance of the meat poultry can be obviously improved, and the soybean oil can be well digested and absorbed by organisms, so that the problems of diarrhea, dyspepsia and the like can be avoided.
The existing fatty acid feed additives for meat poultry have to be improved in the aspects of promoting weight gain, reducing feed conversion ratio, improving meat quality and the like, and many fatty acid feed additives for meat poultry cannot have the functions of improving lipid metabolism of meat poultry and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fatty acid composition for feeding and application thereof in production of meat poultry.
The fatty acid feed additive in the prior art adds fatty acid according to the efficacy and purpose of the additive and the functional preference of different fatty acids (for example, long-chain fatty acid is more suitable for rapid weight gain, short-chain fatty acid has the main efficacy of anti-inflammatory, unsaturated fatty acid is used for preparing special enriched agricultural and sideline products and the like), and the synergistic and coordination effects of different fatty acids on functions and the balance among different fatty acids are often ignored. According to the invention, broiler chickens are taken as research objects, and short, medium and long chain fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids are compounded under a specific proportioning condition, so that various fatty acids are accurately balanced and can better exert synergistic interaction, and the remarkable improvement of the fatty acid feed additive on the production performance of broiler chickens (especially broiler chickens) is realized.
Specifically, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a feed fatty acid composition comprising the following (1), (2) and (3):
(1) Short chain fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof;
(2) Medium chain fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof;
(3) Long chain fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof;
wherein the derivative is one or more selected from salt, ester and amide;
in the composition, the mass ratio of the short chain fatty acid to the medium chain fatty acid to the long chain fatty acid is (7-12) based on the mass of the fatty acid: (3-8): (80-90).
In the present invention, the term "mass of fatty acid" refers to the sum of the mass of fatty acid contained in the composition and the mass of fatty acid contained in the fatty acid derivative contained in the composition, and for example, if a short-chain fatty acid ester is added, the amount of short-chain fatty acid added is calculated from the amount of short-chain fatty acid ester added and the short-chain fatty acid content thereof. If a mixture of short-chain fatty acid and short-chain fatty acid ester is added, the short-chain fatty acid addition amount of the short-chain fatty acid ester is calculated according to the addition amount of the short-chain fatty acid ester and the short-chain fatty acid content, and then the sum of the short-chain fatty acid addition amount of the short-chain fatty acid ester and the addition amount of the short-chain fatty acid itself is calculated.
In the present invention, the esters include glycerides (e.g., monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides), ethyl esters, and the like.
Preferably, the mass ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid in the composition is (25-40) based on the mass of fatty acid: (60-75).
Preferably, the composition has a mass ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to omega-6 fatty acids, based on the mass of fatty acids, of (3-8): (30-45).
On the basis of controlling the proportion of short, medium and long chain fatty acids, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids in the composition is controlled within the range, so that the improvement effect of the composition on the production performance of meat poultry is facilitated, and the composition has obvious advantages compared with the traditional soybean oil or palm oil addition.
In the present invention, the short chain fatty acid is a fatty acid having 6 or less carbon atoms, such as valeric acid, butyric acid, propionic acid.
In some embodiments of the invention, the short chain fatty acids are provided by specific short chain fatty acid glycerides.
The medium chain fatty acid is fatty acid with 6-12 carbon atoms, such as lauric acid, capric acid, etc., and can be provided by specific fatty glyceride, coconut oil, soybean oil, etc.
The long chain fatty acid is fatty acid with more than 12 carbon atoms, such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, and myristic acid, and can be provided by vegetable or animal oil such as palm oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, oleum gossypii semen, and coconut oil.
The unsaturated fatty acid is a fatty acid containing double bonds, and the saturated fatty acid is a fatty acid without double bonds.
In the present invention, the saturated fatty acids include short-chain saturated fatty acids, medium-chain saturated fatty acids and long-chain saturated fatty acids, and thus the content of saturated fatty acids is the sum of the contents of short-chain saturated fatty acids, medium-chain saturated fatty acids and long-chain saturated fatty acids, and the unsaturated fatty acids include short-chain unsaturated fatty acids, medium-chain unsaturated fatty acids and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, and thus the content of unsaturated fatty acids is the sum of the contents of short-chain unsaturated fatty acids, medium-chain unsaturated fatty acids and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids.
The omega-3 fatty acids include alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, DPA (n-3), and can be provided by linseed oil, fish oil, algae oil, etc.
The omega-6 fatty acids include gamma-Linolenic Acid (LA) and arachidonic acid, and can be provided by oleum gossypii semen, fish oil, algae oil and arachidonic acid oil.
Preferably, the composition comprises, in mass of fatty acids: 7-12 parts of short-chain fatty acid, 3-8 parts of medium-chain fatty acid and 80-90 parts of long-chain fatty acid; wherein the mass ratio of the saturated fatty acid to the unsaturated fatty acid is (30-40): (60-70), the mass ratio of omega-3 fatty acid to omega-6 fatty acid is (3-8): (30-40).
Further preferably, the composition comprises 7 to 10 parts of short chain fatty acid, 3 to 6 parts of medium chain fatty acid and 85 to 87 parts of long chain fatty acid based on 100 parts of total fatty acid contained in the composition; wherein the mass ratio of the saturated fatty acid to the unsaturated fatty acid is (32-37): (63-67), the mass ratio of omega-3 fatty acid to omega-6 fatty acid is (4-8): (33-37).
The fatty acid in the above composition can be provided in the form of fatty acid derivative or oil raw material, including vegetable oil (soybean oil, palm oil, coconut oil, algae oil), animal oil (fish oil), functional oil (phospholipid oil, tributyrin, and monolaurate), etc.
If the fatty acid is provided as a fatty acid derivative or a fatty oil material, the amount of the fatty acid derivative or the fatty oil material in the composition can be calculated from the fatty acid content corresponding to the derivative or the fatty oil material and the ratio of the amount of the fatty acid.
Preferably, the total mass of short chain fatty acids, short chain fatty acid derivatives, medium chain fatty acids, medium chain fatty acid derivatives, long chain fatty acids and long chain fatty acid derivatives in the composition is at least 10% of the mass of the composition.
If the fatty acid is supplied as a fat or oil raw material (for example, animal fat or oil, vegetable oil, functional fat or oil, etc.), the total amount of the fatty acid and its derivative in the composition is preferably controlled within the above-mentioned range.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fatty acid-providing component of the composition comprises tributyrin, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil, algae oil.
In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprises the following components: 5-15 parts of tributyrin, 3-8 parts of coconut oil, 50-70 parts of soybean oil, 10-20 parts of palm oil and 1-4 parts of algae oil, wherein the mass ratio of short chain fatty acid to medium chain fatty acid to long chain fatty acid in the composition is (7-12): (3-8): (80-90); wherein the mass ratio of the saturated fatty acid to the unsaturated fatty acid is (25-40): (60-75), the mass ratio of omega-3 fatty acid to omega-6 fatty acid is (3-8): (30-45).
In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of a feed fatty acid composition as described above in the preparation of a feed or feed additive.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a feed additive comprising a feed fatty acid composition as described above.
In some embodiments of the invention, the feed additive is an emulsion, powder or oil. Preferably a fatty acid balance milk. The feed additive not only provides necessary fatty acid which can not be synthesized for meat poultry, but also can promote protein synthesis by a certain proportion of unsaturated fatty acid in an oil phase, better promote animal production, and play a very important role in maintaining animal health and production performance.
The oil agent is mixed oil prepared from different oil raw materials according to fatty acid balance composition.
The powder is a solid preparation obtained by adding emulsifying agent, filler, antioxidant and other raw materials into the obtained mixed oil and fat, and spray drying.
Fatty acid balance milk is an emulsion prepared on the basis of fatty acid balance, essentially a mixture of water and various oil phases stabilized by emulsifiers. The balance emulsion is that tiny oil drops are dispersed in a water phase, the particle size of the emulsion is between 2 and 10 mu m, and tiny oil particles are easier to be absorbed by intestinal tracts of cultured animals, so that the energy supply effect is enhanced. The balance milk is added into basic ration of meat poultry, so that the bioavailability of grease is improved, and the balance milk has very remarkable effect on improving intestinal health and production performance of the meat poultry. Preferably, the fatty acid balance milk comprises water and an emulsifier in addition to the feed fatty acid composition.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fatty acid balance milk comprises 20-85 parts of a feed fatty acid composition, 40-60 parts of water, and 1-5 parts of an emulsifier.
Preferably, the emulsifier comprises 0.5-1% sodium citrate, 0.5-2% mono-diglyceride, and the balance modified starch.
The invention discovers that the emulsion breaking of the emulsion can be reduced by adopting the emulsifier, and the uniformity and the stability of the emulsion can be improved.
The preparation method of the fatty acid balance milk comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively preparing an oil phase and a water phase, then mixing the oil phase and the water phase, and carrying out shearing emulsification.
In some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparing the above-described fatty acid-balanced milk, comprising the steps of:
(1) Uniformly mixing tributyrin, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil and algae oil, and mixing by using a stirrer to obtain a mixed oil phase;
(2) Mixing water with an emulsifying agent, and shearing by using a shearing machine to obtain a water phase;
(3) Adding the mixed oil phase into the water phase, and shearing to obtain emulsion.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a feed comprising a feed fatty acid composition as described above or comprising a feed additive as described above.
Preferably, in the feed, the mass percentage of the feed additive is 0.5-5%.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides the use of any one of the above-described feed fatty acid compositions or the feed additive or the feed:
(1) Application in animal cultivation;
(2) Use in improving animal productivity and/or reducing animal mortality.
Preferably, the animal is a meat bird.
More preferably, the animal is a broiler chicken.
Preferably, the improving animal productivity is selected from one or more of reducing feed to meat ratio, improving feed utilization, promoting weight gain, improving meat quality, reducing abdominal fat accumulation, promoting muscle gain, promoting lipid metabolism, improving liver metabolic function, improving kidney metabolic function.
The fatty acid composition for feeding or the feed additive or the feed can be used as functional feed for meat poultry, is used for improving the production performance of the meat poultry, reducing the feed conversion ratio, promoting the weight gain of the meat poultry, improving the feed utilization rate, improving the meat quality, reducing the accumulation of abdominal fat, promoting the increase of muscles, and improving the health condition of the meat poultry by improving the metabolism of lipid, improving the metabolism of organs such as liver, kidney and the like, thereby reducing the breeding cost of the meat poultry and improving the production potential of the meat poultry.
In a sixth aspect, the invention provides a method for feeding an animal, the method comprising: feeding the animal with the above-described fed fatty acid composition or the feed additive or the feed.
Preferably, the animal is a meat bird.
More preferably, the animal is a broiler chicken.
Preferably, the feeding is daily feeding.
The beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise: the feed fatty acid composition provided by the invention has balanced and reasonable proportion of short chain fatty acid, medium chain fatty acid and long chain fatty acid and saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid, omega-3 fatty acid to omega-6 fatty acid, realizes balance of short, medium and long chain fatty acid, balance of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid and balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid aiming at the characteristics of meat poultry, is more beneficial to reducing feed-meat ratio compared with the traditional soybean oil/palm oil serving as a feed additive, promotes weight gain of meat poultry, improves feed utilization rate, improves meat quality, reduces belly fat accumulation, promotes muscle increase, improves health condition of meat poultry by improving lipid metabolism, improves metabolism functions of organs such as liver and kidney and the like, improves production performance of meat poultry while reducing feed cost, and has good application prospects in the feed additive and feed development field for meat poultry.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a feeding fatty acid composition, which comprises short chain fatty acid, medium chain fatty acid and long chain fatty acid, wherein the ratio of the short chain fatty acid to the medium chain fatty acid is 9.9%, the ratio of the medium chain fatty acid to the long chain fatty acid is 3.22%, and the ratio of the long chain fatty acid to the long chain fatty acid is 86.66%; the saturated fatty acid accounts for 32.91 percent, and the unsaturated fatty acid accounts for 66.87 percent; omega-3 fatty acid was 4.85% and omega-6 fatty acid was 36.28%.
The fatty acid in the feed fatty acid composition is provided by tributyrin, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil and algae oil. The specific fatty acid composition of the fatty acid composition for feeding is shown in table 1 (the fatty acid content in table 1 is detected by gas chromatography analysis, and trace impurity peaks appear in the detection due to gas chromatography analysis, and some fatty acids with very low content (the area ratio is less than 0.01 and is not shown in the table, so that the total content of each fatty acid is not 100%, but the error generated by the total fatty acid is within a conventional acceptable range and does not affect the overall scheme).
TABLE 1
| Fatty acid | Mass percent (%) |
| C4:0 | 9.90 |
| C6:0 | 0.03 |
| C8:0 | 0.40 |
| C10:0 | 0.32 |
| C12:0 | 2.47 |
| C14:0 | 1.34 |
| C16:0 | 15.81 |
| C16:1 | 0.48 |
| C18:0 | 3.98 |
| C18:1 | 23.74 |
| C18:2 | 36.26 |
| C18:3 | 4.32 |
| C20:1 | 0.11 |
| C20:4 | 0.03 |
| C20:5 | 0.17 |
| C22:1 | 0.05 |
| C22:2 | 0.02 |
| C22:6 | 0.36 |
| Totalizing | 99.78 |
Example 2
The embodiment provides a feeding fatty acid composition, which comprises short chain fatty acid, medium chain fatty acid and long chain fatty acid, wherein the ratio of the short chain fatty acid to the medium chain fatty acid is 7.54%, the ratio of the medium chain fatty acid to the long chain fatty acid is 5.79%, and the ratio of the long chain fatty acid to the long chain fatty acid is 85.69%; the saturated fatty acid accounts for 36.13 percent, and the unsaturated fatty acid accounts for 63.65 percent; omega-3 fatty acids were 7.41% and omega-6 fatty acids were 33.18%.
The fatty acid in the feed fatty acid composition is provided by tributyrin, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil and algae oil. The specific fatty acid composition of the fatty acid composition for feeding is shown in table 2 (the fatty acid content in table 2 is detected by gas chromatography analysis, and trace impurity peaks appear in the gas chromatography analysis detection, and some fatty acids with very low content (area ratio is less than 0.01) are not shown in the table, so that the total content of each fatty acid is not 100%, but the error generated by the total fatty acid is within a conventional acceptable range and does not affect the overall scheme).
TABLE 2
Example 3
This example provides a fatty acid balance milk comprising the feed fatty acid composition of example 1, water, and an emulsifier, wherein the feed fatty acid composition comprises 50% by weight, the emulsifier comprises 2.5% by weight, and the balance is water; the composition of the emulsifier is as follows: sodium citrate 0.5%, mono-diglyceride 1%, modified starch balance.
The preparation method of the fatty acid balance milk comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing tributyrin, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil and algae oil, shearing with a shearing machine (6000 rpm/min,10 min) to obtain a mixed oil phase, and standing for later use;
(2) Mixing hot water (60-65 ℃) and an emulsifying agent, stirring and mixing, shearing (6000 rpm/min,10 min) by using a shearing machine to obtain a water phase, and standing for later use;
(3) Adding the mixed oil phase into the water phase, shearing, wherein the shearing speed is 8000rpm/min, and the shearing time is 10-15 min.
Example 4
This example provides a fatty acid balance milk comprising the feed fatty acid composition of example 2, water, and an emulsifier, wherein the feed fatty acid composition comprises 50% by weight, the emulsifier comprises 2.5% by weight, and the balance is water; the composition of the emulsifier is as follows: sodium citrate 1%, mono-diglyceride 2%, modified starch balance.
The preparation method of the balance milk is the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a fatty acid balance milk comprising a feed fatty acid composition, water and an emulsifier, wherein the feed fatty acid composition comprises 50% by weight, the emulsifier comprises 2.5% by weight, and the balance is water; the composition of the emulsifier is as follows: sodium citrate 0.5%, mono-diglyceride 1%, modified starch balance.
The feed fatty acid composition in this comparative example contained short chain fatty acids, medium chain fatty acids and long chain fatty acids, wherein the short chain fatty acids were 9.50%, the medium chain fatty acids were 13.90%, and the long chain fatty acids were 76.25%; the saturated fatty acid accounts for 45.42 percent, and the unsaturated fatty acid accounts for 53.22 percent; omega-3 fatty acids were 6.50% and omega-6 fatty acids were 29.14%.
The preparation method of the balance milk is the same as in example 3.
The fatty acid in the feed fatty acid composition is provided by soybean oil, palm oil, algae oil, coconut oil and tributyrin. The specific fatty acid composition of the fatty acid composition for feeding is shown in table 3 (the fatty acid content in table 3 is detected by gas chromatography analysis, and trace impurity peaks appear in the gas chromatography analysis detection, and some fatty acids with very low content (area ratio is less than 0.02) are not shown in the table, so that the total content of each fatty acid is not 100%, but the error generated by the total fatty acid is within a conventional acceptable range and does not affect the overall scheme).
TABLE 3 Table 3
Experimental example
In the experimental example, white feather broilers are used as feeding objects, and the influence of the fatty acid balance milk of each embodiment on the production performance of the broilers is detected.
1. Test design
AA broiler 2160 feathers at 1 day of age were randomly selected and divided into 4 treatments according to a fully random partition, 12 replicates per treatment, 45 feathers per replicate. The test period was 42 days.
The basic ration of the broiler chicken is as follows: 55.3% of corn, 38% of bean pulp, 3% of soybean oil and the balance of premix.
The test groups and diets are shown in Table 4, with the balance milk being directly mixed into the base diet. The fatty acid composition of soybean oil is shown in table 5.
Table 4 test group and ration
TABLE 5
2. Feeding management
The test is carried out in two stages of 1-21 d and 22-42 d, the test chicken is kept in cages, free feeding and drinking water are carried out, the temperature at week 1 is 33-35 ℃, and the temperature is reduced by 2-3 ℃ every week until the temperature reaches 26 ℃. Raising until the test is finished, and performing immunization according to a conventional immunization program of a chicken farm.
3. Index measurement
3.1 growth Properties
The health status of the chickens was observed daily during the test period and the feed consumption was recorded daily in duplicate. The fasting weight of the broiler chickens was measured at 21 and 42 days of age, respectively, and the Average Daily Gain (ADG), average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) of the broiler chickens were calculated.
3.2 muscle quality
5 broilers are selected randomly for slaughtering every time before the test is finished. About 20g of chest muscle was cut for subsequent index detection.
Determination of the pH value: the pH of the broiler muscle was measured using a pH meter (e.g., acidometer). The pH of the muscle was measured 45 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter, respectively.
Determination of shear force: the shear force of the broiler muscle was measured using a meat tenderness tester.
Color parameters L (brightness), a (redness) and b (yellowness) of the muscle were measured using a colorimeter.
The water loss of the broiler muscle was measured during 1 day, 3 days and 5 days of storage, respectively.
3.3 serum collection and index determination
The fin vein blood sampling is carried out by a vacuum blood sampling tube for 5mL at the 21 st day of the test period, the centrifugation is carried out for 10min at the rotating speed of 3000r/min and the temperature of 4 ℃, the supernatant is taken and split-packed into a clean EP tube, and the frozen storage is carried out at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for the subsequent serum biochemical analysis.
Serum biochemical indicators such as Total Protein (TP), albumin (ALB), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total Triglyceride (TG), total Cholesterol (TC), glucose (GLU), calcium (Ca), blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), γ -glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine Kinase (CK), lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured using a full-automatic biochemical analyzer (HITEC-7100).
3.4 statistical analysis
Single-factor analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was performed using SPSS23.0 software, a general linear model (General linear model, GLM), and multiple comparisons were performed using a danken multiple comparison analysis. The statistical result shows that the difference is obvious by taking P <0.05, the variation trend is that the P is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.10, and the data result is expressed as average value plus or minus standard deviation.
4. Analysis of results
4.1 Effect of fatty acid Balanced milk on growth Performance of white-feather broilers
The results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 influence of fatty acid-equilibrated milk on the growth performance of broiler chickens
Note that: the same row of data shoulder marks have no letter or the same letter indicates that the difference is not significant (P > 0.05), and the different lower case letters indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05). The table below is the same.
As can be seen from table 6, the feed ratio was significantly reduced by 0.089 (P < 0.05) on days 1-21, and the average daily gain was significantly increased by 1.7g (P < 0.05) compared with the Control (CON); increment on average day at 22-42 balances increased significantly by 4.4g (P < 0.05); the feed ratio of the T2 group broiler chickens is obviously reduced by 0.061 (P < 0.05) in 1-21 days compared with that of a control group (CON), and the average daily gain is obviously increased by 1.3g (P < 0.05); weight gain was significantly increased by 4.1g (P < 0.05) on a 22-42 balance average day; the weight gain is increased in 22-42 days, so that the time for reaching the weight of the fence is shortened, and the feeding cost can be saved. Compared with the control group, the feed conversion ratio of the T3 group broiler is not obviously reduced in 1-21 days, and the average daily gain is not obviously increased; all growth performance indexes are not obviously changed (P is more than 0.05) on days 22-42.
4.2 Effect of fatty acid Balanced milk on muscle quality of white-feather broilers
The pH value measurement results show that the pH value of the muscle of the T1/T2/T3 group substituted soybean oil is not significantly changed (P > 0.05) at 45min and 24h compared with that of the control group, and meanwhile, the muscle water loss experiment results show that the water retention of the muscle on the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th days is not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by the T1 st, T2 nd and T3 rd groups compared with that of the control group.
The shear force measurements showed (table 7) that the shear force of the T1 and T2 groups was 15.60N and 11.89N lower, respectively (P < 0.05), the shear force was significantly reduced, while the shear force of the T3 group was 5.28N lower than the control group, without significant change (P > 0.05). The results show that the T1 and T2 groups significantly improve the tenderness of chicken.
TABLE 7 influence of fatty acid balance milk on muscle quality
4.3 Effect of fatty acid Balanced milk on serum Biochemical index of white-feather broilers
The results are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 influence of fatty acid balance milk on serum Biochemical index of 21-day-old broilers
The results show that compared with the control group, the serum TP, ALB, GLU content of 21-day-old broiler chickens of the T1 group is not significantly different (P > 0.05); ALT, ALP, AST, LDH also did not differ significantly (P > 0.05); the TC, TG, BUN content in the serum of the T1 group is obviously reduced (P < 0.05), and meanwhile, the GGT enzyme activity and the CK enzyme activity are also obviously reduced (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the T2 group broiler serum TP, ALB, GLU has no obvious effect (P > 0.05); ALT, AST and LDH activities were also not significantly different (P > 0.05); the TC, TG and BUN contents in the serum of the T2 group are obviously reduced (P < 0.05), and the ALP, GGT and CK enzyme activities are also obviously reduced (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of TP, ALB, GLU and BUN of the T3 group broiler chickens are not significantly different (P is more than 0.05); ALT, ALP, AST, LDH, CK activity and GGT enzyme activity have no significant difference (P > 0.05); TC, TG were significantly reduced in the T3 group serum (P < 0.05). The results show that the liver injury indexes of the broiler chickens in the T1 group and the T2 group are obviously reduced.
4.4 Effect of fatty acid Balanced milk on organ index of white-feather broilers
The results are shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9 Effect of fatty acid balance milk on broiler organ index
As can be seen from table 9, at 42 days of age, the abdominal fat index was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in both T1 and T2 groups compared to the control group, and the abdominal fat affected the muscle conversion, and the two were inversely proportional, so the lower the abdominal fat, the better.
5. Conclusion of the test
In conclusion, the fatty acid balance milk provided by the invention can improve the daily gain of broiler chickens in the early stage and the later stage and reduce the feed conversion ratio. In the whole stage, the absolute value of the feed conversion ratio is reduced, the daily gain is obviously increased, which indicates that the fatty acid balance milk effectively improves the production performance of white feather broilers by improving the daily gain and reducing the feed conversion ratio. The fatty acid balance milk can also improve the tenderness of the meat chicken muscles, which indicates that the fatty acid balance milk can improve the meat quality and make the muscles tender. In addition, the fatty acid balance milk can obviously reduce the abdominal fat deposition of the broiler chickens, and is shown as obvious reduction of the abdominal fat index, which shows that the balance milk can effectively reduce the accumulation of abdominal fat of the broiler chickens and increase the muscle conversion rate. According to the serum biochemical index detection result, feeding balance milk can reduce the activities of total cholesterol, triglyceride and GGT enzyme, urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and creatine kinase. Indicating that at the metabolic level, the balance milk promotes the lipid metabolism of the organism and improves the metabolic functions of organs such as liver, kidney and the like.
In addition, in the aspect of economic benefit, besides improving the productivity of broiler chickens, the fatty acid balance milk fed by the invention can realize that the emulsion is adopted to replace part of dry matter soybean meal and soybean oil, the material consumption is reduced by half, and higher economic benefit can be generated in the aspect of input-output ratio of feed.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A feed fatty acid composition, characterized in that the composition comprises the following (1), (2) and (3):
(1) Short chain fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof;
(2) Medium chain fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof;
(3) Long chain fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof;
wherein the derivative is one or more selected from salt, ester and amide;
in the composition, the mass ratio of the short chain fatty acid to the medium chain fatty acid to the long chain fatty acid is (7-12) based on the mass of the fatty acid: (3-8): (80-90).
2. The feed fatty acid composition according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid in the composition is (25-40) based on the mass of fatty acid: (60-75).
3. The feed fatty acid composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to omega-6 fatty acids, based on the mass of fatty acids, is (3-8): (30-45).
4. A feed fatty acid composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the composition comprises, in terms of mass of fatty acid: 7-12 parts of short-chain fatty acid, 3-8 parts of medium-chain fatty acid and 80-90 parts of long-chain fatty acid; wherein the mass ratio of the saturated fatty acid to the unsaturated fatty acid is (30-40): (60-70), the mass ratio of omega-3 fatty acid to omega-6 fatty acid is (3-8): (30-40).
5. The fed fatty acid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the total mass of short chain fatty acids, short chain fatty acid derivatives, medium chain fatty acids, medium chain fatty acid derivatives, long chain fatty acids and long chain fatty acid derivatives in the composition is at least 10% of the mass of the composition.
6. Use of the feed fatty acid composition of any one of claims 1 to 5 in the preparation of a feed or feed additive.
7. A feed additive, characterized in that the feed additive comprises the feed fatty acid composition of any one of claims 1 to 5;
preferably, the feed additive is an emulsion, an oil or a powder.
8. A feed comprising the feed fatty acid composition of any one of claims 1 to 5 or comprising the feed additive of claim 7;
preferably, in the feed, the mass percentage of the feed additive is 0.5-5%.
9. Use of the feed fatty acid composition of any one of claims 1 to 5 or the feed additive of claim 7 or the feed of claim 8 for any one of the following:
(1) Application in animal cultivation;
(2) Use in improving animal productivity;
preferably, the animal is a meat bird;
more preferably, the animal is broiler chicken, and/or the improving animal productivity is selected from one or more of reducing feed to meat ratio, improving feed utilization, promoting weight gain, improving meat quality, reducing abdominal fat accumulation, promoting muscle gain, promoting lipid metabolism, improving liver metabolic function, improving kidney metabolic function.
10. A method for feeding an animal, the method comprising: feeding an animal with the fed fatty acid composition of any one of claims 1 to 5 or the feed additive of claim 7 or the feed of claim 8;
preferably, the animal is a meat bird;
more preferably, the animal is a broiler chicken.
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