CN117615860A - 电池组的顶盖用钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
电池组的顶盖用钢板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括金属涂覆钢板的电池组的顶盖，其中所述金属涂层被有机涂层覆盖，并且其中所述有机涂层具有两个层，有机涂层的与金属涂层接触的第一层的厚度为2μm至25μm，以及有机的第二层基于聚酯或聚氨酯。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车工业中电池的壳体元件。更具体地，其涉及具有良好的对火暴露的耐性的电动或混合动力车辆的电池组的顶盖。
背景技术
电动车辆或混合动力车辆必须嵌入至少一个重且体积大的电池组。该电池组由复数个电池模块制成，各模块包括电池单元。无论在组装期间还是在车辆的进一步寿命期间，所述电池组都必须受到很好的保护，免受在事故、火灾或者任何暴露于高温的情况下可能出现的热负荷。
当前的趋势是具有越来越大的模块，并且甚至将所有的电池单元存储到电池组壳体中，同时将中间保护外壳留到模块中。电池组的内部构造可以由组合成模块的单体电池构成，或者由直接包括电池单元并且由盖子封闭的容器制成。无论电池组的内部构造如何，其顶面上都被上盖封闭。
如图1所描绘的，电池组从底部到顶部包括：
·防护元件1；
·包括电池单元和加强部件(任选地为电池模块2)的电池组的内部构造；
·上盖，也被称为顶盖3。
顶盖可以与电池组的其他部件粘合结合和/或用螺丝固定在一起。其也可以通过任何组装方法例如焊接连接至内部构造。
顶盖可以由铝板制成，例如由6000系列铝合金并且可以由特定的AL 6016合金制成。
与电池相关的火灾危险是与电动或混合动力车辆的安全相关的一个主要方面。尤其是热失控，一旦在一个电池单元中开始，则产生足以导致相邻的单体电池也进入热失控的热。由于各电池单元变热，破裂，可能爆炸并释放其内容物，这产生了反复骤燃的火。电池内部的化学物质变热，这导致任何封壳(无论是单体电池的、模块的还是整个电池组的封壳)进一步降解。易燃电解质在暴露于空气中的氧气时可能燃烧或者甚至爆炸。
电池组的顶盖是电池单元与乘客舱之间的第一隔离，其对于电池组的耐火性非常重要。顶盖即使在高温下也必须确保电池组与乘客舱之间的安全隔离。顶盖在经受高温时也必须释放很少的气体或者不释放气体。尤其是当例如CO2或其他气态燃烧产物的气体在电池组内部释放并被火加热时，其可以极大地增加所述组内部的压力。这可能引发所述组的开口、穿过壳体的裂纹和爆炸。
专利申请US2019131602公开了具有顶盖的电池组用壳体。该盖板被配置为至少包括金属部分和塑料部分的夹层结构，并且其中金属部分由钢和铝中的至少一者制造。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供具有出色的对火暴露(包括爆炸风险)的耐性的顶盖。
该目的通过提供根据权利要求1所述的顶盖来实现。顶盖还可以包括根据权利要求2至4所述的任何特性或所有特性。本发明的另一个目的是包括根据本发明的顶盖的电池组。
本发明的其他特性和优点将根据本发明的以下详细描述而变得明显。
附图说明
为了说明本发明，将特别地参照以下附图描述非限制性实例的多个实施方案和试验：
-图1示出了电动电池车辆中的电池组及其顶盖，
-图2示出了在1300℃的温度下火暴露130秒之后的根据本发明的顶盖，
-图3示出了在1000℃下火暴露130秒之后的非根据本发明的顶盖。
-图4示出了在1000℃的温度下火暴露130秒之后的根据本发明的顶盖。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及电池组的顶盖，所述电池组的顶盖包括金属涂覆钢板，其中所述金属涂层被有机涂层覆盖。
为此目的，在本发明的框架中可以使用任何钢。优选地，具有良好可成形性的钢非常适合。例如，顶盖可以由以下制成：深拉用低碳钢，例如具有以下重量组成的无间隙钢：C≤0.01％；Si≤0.3％；Mn≤1.0％；P≤0.1％；S≤0.025；Al≥0.01％；Ti≤0.12％；Nb≤0.08％；Cu≤0.2％。
例如，顶盖可以由具有以下重量组成的高强度低合金(High Strength LowAlloy，HSLA)钢制成：C≤0.1％；Si≤0.5％；Mn≤1.4％；P≤0.04％；S≤0.025％；Al≥0.01％；Ti≤0.15％；Nb≤0.09％；Cu≤0.2％。
钢板可以根据期望的厚度(其可以为例如0.6mm至1.0mm)通过对钢板坯进行热轧以及随后对所获得的钢卷材进行冷轧来获得。
然后通过任何涂覆工艺用金属涂层涂覆钢板。例如，将钢板在熔浴中热浸涂，并且随后用气刀擦拭。
熔浴可以基于锌并且包含不可避免的杂质。
在一个优选实施方案中，浴基于锌，并且任选地包含2重量％的铝。
金属涂层重量在两侧上可以总共为50g/m2至200g/m2或更少。例如，电池组的内侧上的涂层厚度为10μm至40μm。
在热浸金属涂覆之后，例如在有机涂漆线上对钢板进行涂漆。可以通过脱脂步骤和随后的由辊涂施加的转化处理来制备表面，以确保第一层涂料的粘着力。
第一层涂料，也称为底漆，厚度可以为2μm至25μm。底漆可以基于不同的树脂，例如聚酯、聚氨酯或环氧树脂。
第二层涂料也通过辊涂施加，并且基于聚酯或聚氨酯。在一个优选实施方案中，其厚度为2μm至40μm，优选5μm至25μm。
本发明中使用的金属涂覆钢板涂覆有有机涂料。本发明中使用的有机涂层由两个层组成。有机涂层的与金属涂层接触的第一层的厚度为2μm至25μm，并且有机的第二层基于聚酯或聚氨酯。然后在烘箱中烘烤有机涂层。
这样的涂层在经受火焰温度时几乎不释放气体。在火灾或高温的情况下，其不会增加电池组内部的压力。
然后可以将金属和有机涂覆的钢板切割成坯件。坯件可以通过冲压形成为顶盖的特定形状。该特定形状为设计相关的。顶盖为大的水平部件，其可能会受到振动。为了减少这些振动和随后的噪音，通常在冲压操作期间将加强筋冲压到顶盖中。最后，将顶盖通过任意可拆卸或不可拆卸的方式(例如通过用螺丝固定、焊接或胶合)附接至组。
实施例
为了确定顶盖的耐火性，进行了几项测试。所有测试都借助同一台测试装置进行。
测试装置改装自标准ISO 2685:1998中描述的测试装置。进行以下两项改装：首先，通过10mm厚硅酸钙板将样品与测试装置的结构热隔离。其次，校准产生火焰的气体燃烧器，以在暴露于火焰的样品表面上实现目标温度。
对于所有测试，样品具有150×150mm2的相同尺寸。将各样品设置在气体燃烧器的前面以被火焰击中。样品与燃烧器之间的板具有尺寸为90×90mm2的开口区域。
测试了三种材料：
-材料1为0.7mm厚钢板。其为热浸镀锌的。金属涂层重量为275g/m2。其还在暴露于火焰的面上有机涂覆有以下层：与金属涂层接触的4μm厚第一层和基于聚酯的8μm厚第二层，
-材料2为6016系列的1.0mm厚铝板，
-材料3为涂覆有基于环氧树脂的电涂层的0.8mm镀锌钢板。热浸涂层包含按重量计0.2的铝，剩余部分为锌。金属涂层重量为140g/m2。在磷化步骤之后，将样品浸入电涂覆浴中。被测试的电涂层为来自供应商PPG的6200HE。烘烤之后涂料在各面上的干厚度为25μm，
-材料4为0.7mm厚钢板。其为热浸镀锌的。金属涂层重量为275g/m2。其还在暴露于火焰的面上有机涂覆有以下层：与金属涂层接触的5μm厚第一层和基于聚酯的20μm厚第二层。
在下文中，样品1由材料1制成，样品2由材料2制成，以及样品3由材料3制成，样品4由材料4制成。
测试了两种火暴露情况。在情况A中，火焰温度为1300℃，以及暴露时间为130秒。在严重程度较低的情况B中，火焰温度为1000℃，以及暴露时间为130秒。
测试分析考虑了几个标准。板的完整性，即火焰是否穿透了板，测试结束时未暴露于火焰的面(背面)的温度，以及测试之后涂层中气泡的存在。气泡的存在表明气体的释放。
表1-火焰暴露情况
| 情况 | 火焰暴露时间 | 火焰温度 |
| A | 130秒 | 1300℃ |
| B | 130秒 | 1000℃ |
表2-情况A：在1300℃下130秒
*根据本发明
在1300℃下暴露130秒之后，由钢制成的样品1和样品4的背面保持在低于700℃的温度下，并且没有示出任何熔融的迹象。相反，火焰穿透了由较厚的铝制成的材料2。
此外，如图2上可以看出，样品1没有示出任何气泡，而仅仅是由钢板与有机涂层之间不同的热膨胀产生的裂纹。样品4具有与样品1相似的外观，而且两者都没有示出任何气泡。
表3-情况B：在1000℃下130秒
*根据本发明
在1000℃下暴露130秒之后，如图3上可以看出，样品3的背面清楚地示出气泡。这些开放的气泡释放了涂料的呈气体的形式的燃烧产物。
如图4上可以看出，样品4没有示出任何气泡。样品1具有与样品4相似的外观，而且二者都没有示出任何气泡。
Claims (8)
1.一种电池组的顶盖，包括经冲压的金属涂覆钢板，其中所述金属涂层被有机涂层覆盖，以及其中所述有机涂层具有两个层，所述有机涂层的与所述金属涂层接触的第一层的厚度为2μm至25μm，并且有机的第二层基于聚酯或聚氨酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组的顶盖，其中所述金属涂层基于锌，并且任选地包含最多2重量％的铝和不可避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电池组的顶盖，其中所述金属涂层在所述电池组的内侧上的厚度为10μm至40μm。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电池组的顶盖，其中所述金属涂层在两侧上具有总共50g/m2至200g/m2的涂层重量。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池组的顶盖，其中所述有机涂层的与所述金属涂层接触的所述第一层基于聚酯。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池组的顶盖，其中所述有机涂层的与所述金属涂层接触的所述第一层基于聚氨酯。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池组的顶盖，其中所述有机涂层的与所述金属涂层接触的所述第一层基于环氧树脂。
8.一种电池组，包括根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的顶盖。
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