CN117613342A - Fuel cell cogeneration system and control method - Google Patents
Fuel cell cogeneration system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117613342A CN117613342A CN202311444698.1A CN202311444698A CN117613342A CN 117613342 A CN117613342 A CN 117613342A CN 202311444698 A CN202311444698 A CN 202311444698A CN 117613342 A CN117613342 A CN 117613342A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 251
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The present disclosure provides a fuel cell cogeneration system and a control method, the system comprising: the system comprises a fuel cell module unit, a system hydrogen supply loop, a system main cooling loop, a system auxiliary heat recovery loop, an instant heat supply loop and a system water recovery loop. The method comprises the steps of providing a chemical reaction place of a fuel cell, inputting hydrogen, starting a fuel cell module unit to generate chemical reaction, collecting heat generated by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell, providing a sufficient heat source for an instant heat supply loop through heat exchange, and radiating heat for the fuel cell module unit; collecting heat generated by the fuel cell module unit devices, and collecting the heat generated by the devices into an instant heating loop; according to whether heat supply consumption exists, different instant heat supply loops are switched to realize flexible heat supply; collecting water produced by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell module units. The heat and product water generated by the fuel cell are utilized to the maximum extent, the resource utilization rate is improved, and meanwhile, the operation flexibility and reliability of the cogeneration system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy utilization, in particular to a fuel cell cogeneration system and a control method.
Background
With the continuous deterioration of the global environment and the increasing exhaustion of fossil resources, various countries or organizations worldwide are actively exploring sustainable pollution-free green energy sources. The related industries and technologies of green energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydrogen energy, tidal energy, sea wave energy and nuclear energy are greatly developed and improved. The hydrogen energy has the advantages of only water, high heat value, convenience in energy storage, various preparation technical means and the like due to the fact that combustion products are only water, the heat value is high, the hydrogen energy is in a state of encouraging policy of hydrogen energy industry in various countries, the market is gradually enlarged, the industry chain is gradually complete, and the hydrogen energy is one of the most important new energy sources.
The hydrogen has wide application, is not only an important industrial raw material, but also indispensable in industries such as petrochemical industry, metallurgy, electronics, food processing, aerospace and the like; but also plays an important role in the fields of agricultural development, medical research, nuclear energy exploration and the like. The hydrogen fuel cell system is used for converting hydrogen energy into electric energy and heat energy, consumption is directly utilized, and the method is one of the most effective ways for comprehensively utilizing the green environment-friendly characteristic of the hydrogen energy to obtain energy.
The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system outputs electric energy generated by hydrogen-oxygen electrochemical reaction in a galvanic pile, and simultaneously utilizes a heat exchange system to exchange heat energy generated by the reaction for utilization. However, the inventor finds that the power level of a single cell stack is difficult to reach the application level of the industrial field due to the inherent characteristics of the single cell voltage in the cell stack, the size limitation of the bipolar plate or the membrane electrode and the technical level of the integration of the cell stack; the patent with the patent name of 2023103144526 is a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, and the power expansion is realized by expanding a plurality of systems, so that the input cost is too high and the stability of the system is not benefited. Secondly, in the aspect of heat supply system design, the stable working temperature of a plurality of electric stacks and the maximized recovery of heat of a battery system cannot be realized by comprehensively considering the operation performance of the battery and the heat supply stability of the system. In addition, in the tail exhaust system, the air (oxygen) exhaust is required to bring out the product water, if the product water is not recycled, the treatment cost is increased, and the water resource waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the disclosure provides a fuel cell cogeneration system and a control method, which realize power grade expansion by connecting fuel cell module units in parallel, and avoid the complexity of system parallel connection; the waste heat of the fuel cell system is efficiently recycled, the low-temperature cold start problem of the fuel cell is simplified and optimized, the uninterrupted supply of regional heat and electricity is realized, and the greenhouse effect is relieved to a certain extent; the heat and the product water are utilized to the maximum extent through the auxiliary heat recovery and the tail drainage recovery, so that the stable operation of the cogeneration system is ensured while the resource utilization rate is improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present disclosure adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the present invention provides a fuel cell cogeneration system comprising:
the system comprises a fuel cell module unit, a system hydrogen supply loop, a system main cooling loop, a system auxiliary heat recovery loop, an instant heat supply loop and a system water recovery loop;
the fuel cell module unit provides a place for chemical reaction of the fuel cell;
the system hydrogen supply loop is used for providing the required hydrogen for the chemical reaction of the fuel cell module unit;
the system main cooling loop is used for collecting heat generated by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell so as to provide a sufficient heat source for the instant heating loop through heat exchange and radiate heat for the fuel cell module unit;
the auxiliary heat recovery loop is used for collecting heat generated by the fuel cell module unit devices and collecting the heat generated by the devices into the instant heat supply loop;
the instant heating loops are used for switching different instant heating loops to realize flexible heating according to whether heating consumption exists or not;
the system water recovery loop is used for collecting water generated by chemical reaction of the fuel cell module units.
Further, the system hydrogen supply loop comprises a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen supply main path, a hydrogen supply branch path, a hydrogen discharge branch path, a tail exhaust main path and an exhaust port;
the hydrogen inlet is used for conveying hydrogen to the hydrogen supply trunk, the hydrogen supply trunk is connected with the hydrogen supply branch, and the hydrogen supply branch is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell module unit and is used for providing hydrogen required by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell;
the hydrogen discharging branch is connected with the exhaust port through the tail discharging trunk and is used for discharging redundant hydrogen which is remained in the hydrogen supply loop of the system and does not participate in the chemical reaction of the fuel cell.
Further, the fuel cell module unit comprises a hydrogen inlet interface, a tail row interface, a main cooling first interface, a main cooling second interface, an auxiliary cooling first interface, an auxiliary cooling second interface and a DC/DC output interface.
Further, the hydrogen inlet interface is connected with a hydrogen inlet in a hydrogen supply loop of the system and is used for absorbing hydrogen required by the reaction of the fuel cell;
the tail row interface is connected with a gas-water separator in the system water recovery loop and is used for recovering water generated by the fuel cell reaction;
the main cooling first interface is connected with the high-temperature main road, and the main cooling second interface is connected with the low-temperature main road; the high-temperature main road and the low-temperature main road are connected with the primary side of the first plate heat exchanger; the first high-temperature water discharged from the primary cooling first interface flows through a high-temperature trunk to the first plate heat exchanger for heat exchange, and outputs first low-temperature water which flows through a low-temperature trunk to return to the primary cooling second interface;
the auxiliary cooling first interface is connected with an auxiliary heating high-temperature main road, and the auxiliary cooling second interface is connected with an auxiliary heating low-temperature main road; the auxiliary heat high-temperature main road and the auxiliary heat low-temperature main road are connected with the primary side of the second plate heat exchanger; the second high-temperature water discharged from the auxiliary cooling first interface flows through an auxiliary heat high-temperature main road to a second plate heat exchanger for heat exchange, and outputs second low-temperature water which is returned to the auxiliary cooling second interface;
the DC/DC output interface is an electric energy output end of the fuel cell.
Furthermore, at least two fuel cell module units are connected to the bus through the anode and the cathode of the DC/DC output interface, so that the linear expansion of the system power generation is realized;
the main cooling first interfaces of at least two fuel cell module units are connected with the high-temperature main road, and the main cooling second interfaces are connected with the low-temperature main road, so that the linear expansion of the heat generating power of the system is realized.
Further, the system main cooling loop comprises a fuel cell module unit, a high Wen Zhilu, a high-temperature main path, a first plate heat exchanger, a low-temperature main path and a low Wen Zhilu which are connected in sequence;
the first plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the first high-temperature water discharged from the main cooling first interface of the fuel cell module unit, outputting the first low-temperature water and returning to the main cooling second interface.
Further, the auxiliary heat recovery loop of the system comprises a fuel cell module unit, an auxiliary heat high-temperature branch, an auxiliary heat high-temperature main road, a second plate heat exchanger, an auxiliary heat low-temperature main road and an auxiliary heat low Wen Zhilu which are sequentially connected, and a buffer tank, an auxiliary heat low-temperature secondary main road, a second plate heat exchanger, an auxiliary heat high-temperature secondary main road and a third low-temperature water flow main road which are sequentially connected;
the second plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the second high-temperature water and the fourth low-temperature water in the auxiliary heat low-temperature secondary trunk so that the temperature of the second high-temperature water is reduced and the temperature of the fourth low-temperature water is increased to fourth high-temperature water; the fourth high-temperature water is converged into the third low-temperature water to flow through the dry road, the temperature of the original third low-temperature water is raised, and the circulating water flow rate of the instant heating loop is increased under the condition that the temperature of the third high-temperature water is kept unchanged.
Further, the instant heating loop comprises a water inlet, a buffer tank, a first plate heat exchanger, a cooling tower and a heating port;
the instant heating circuit comprises a first instant heating circuit and a second instant heating circuit;
if the heat supply port is closed and no heat supply is consumed, the water inlet is closed in the state, and the first instant heat supply loop is closed circularly; the first instant heating loop comprises a buffer tank, a first plate heat exchanger and a cooling tower which are connected in sequence; the third low-temperature water in the buffer tank exchanges heat through the secondary side of the first plate heat exchanger, and the output third high-temperature water enters a cooling tower to be cooled and flows back to the buffer tank;
if the heat supply port is opened and heat supply consumption exists, the water inlet is opened in the state, and the second instant heat supply loop is opened in a circulating way; the second instant heating loop comprises a water inlet, a buffer tank, a first plate heat exchanger and a heating port which are connected in sequence; the water inlet is opened to supplement water for the buffer tank, the third low-temperature water in the buffer tank exchanges heat through the secondary side of the first plate heat exchanger, the third high-temperature water is output, and the third high-temperature water is discharged from the heat supply port.
Further, the system water recovery loop comprises a fuel cell module unit, a tail row branch, a gas-water separator, a tail row trunk, an exhaust port, a water collecting tank, a buffer tank and a water outlet;
the gas-water separator is used for separating out water and gas output by the tail gas outlet, discharging the gas through the gas outlet, collecting the water into a water collection tank and pumping the water into the buffer tank; when the system does not provide heat, and the liquid levels of the water collecting tank and the buffer tank reach the set upper limit, water is discharged through the water outlet.
The second aspect of the invention provides a control method of a cogeneration system of a fuel cell, comprising the following steps:
starting the fuel cell module unit;
heat generated by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell is collected, and a sufficient heat source is provided for the instant heating loop through heat exchange;
collecting heat generated by the fuel cell module unit devices, and collecting the heat generated by the devices into an instant heating loop;
according to whether heat supply consumption exists, different instant heat supply loops are switched to realize flexible heat supply;
collecting water produced by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell module units.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present disclosure are:
1. power class extensible
Due to limitations in technology level and system principles, fuel cell power alone has limitations, and even higher power fuel cell systems in the Megawatt (MW) class can only be connected in parallel by multiple systems. In the parallel connection of the systems, the water gas path laying, the part integration and other works are quite complicated, and the uniformity and coordination of all subsystems are difficult to ensure. According to the invention, the fuel cell is modularized, various specification parameters of the module are unified, the integration work is simplified, the inconsistency of the system is reduced, and the free expansion of the power level is facilitated.
2. Instant heating
The system main cooling loop and the instant heating loop form a system heating main loop, and the system heating main loop is connected with a heating port and a cooling tower. After the system works, the heat supply port can provide heat which does not exceed the maximum power at any time; when no heat is utilized, the system is automatically switched to the cooling tower loop to dissipate heat, the loop is closed, no redundant water loss is caused, and water resource waste is avoided.
3. Heat maximization recovery
In order to recover the useless heat energy which inevitably occurs in the operation of BOP (fuel cell) parts, the heat energy is collected, exchanged and integrated into the main heat supply loop by utilizing the secondary side loop of the plate heat exchanger, and the heat energy of the system is recovered to the maximum.
4. Tail drain recovery
The air exhaust of the hydrogen fuel cell tends to mix a large amount of product water. If not collected, not only is the equipment required to pre-build a drain channel or a drain pipeline on site, but also water resources are wasted. According to the invention, after the air tail gas is separated and collected through the gas-water separator, the air tail gas is pumped into a secondary side water channel of a heat supply main road and is recycled. The method is aggressive in saving the construction cost of the system and protecting water resources.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate and explain the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain and do not limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is an overall block diagram of a cogeneration system for a fuel cell provided in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a fuel cell module unit according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of power expansion of a fuel cell module unit according to a first embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control method of a cogeneration system of a fuel cell according to a second embodiment of the disclosure.
Wherein, 11-the fuel cell module unit; 111-a hydrogen inlet interface; 112-tail row interface; 113-a primary cold first interface; 114-main cooling second interface; 115-auxiliary cooling first interface; 116-auxiliary cooling second interface; 117-DC/DC output interface; 201-hydrogen supply hand valve; 202-a hydrogen supply main way check valve; 203-flame arrestor; 204-a filter; 205-hydrogen supply main line pressure sensor; 206-a flow meter; 207-relief check valve; 208-a safety valve; 209-main line hydrogen gas discharge hand valve; 210-hydrogen bleed branch hand valve; 211-electromagnetic valve; 212-a pressure sensor; 304-a first water tank; 305-a first deionizer; 306-a first ion concentration sensor; 307-a first water pump; 308-a first filter; 309-a second pressure sensor; 310-a second temperature sensor; 311—a first temperature sensor; 312-a first pressure sensor; 313-a second hand valve; 314—a first hand valve; 401-a third hand valve; 402-a fourth hand valve; 403-a first solenoid valve; 404-a third solenoid valve; 405-buffer tank; 406-level gauge; 407-a third temperature sensor; 408-a second water pump; 409-first flow meter; 410-a cooling tower; 411-second solenoid valve; 501-a fourth temperature sensor; 502-a third pressure sensor; 503-a second water tank; 504-a second deionizer; 505-a second ion concentration sensor; 506-a third water pump; 507-a second filter; 508-fourth pressure sensor; 509-a fifth temperature sensor; 510-a fourth solenoid valve; 511-a fifth pressure sensor; 512-fourth water pump; 513-a fifth hand valve; 514-sixth hand valve; 515-sixth pressure sensor; 516-a one-way valve; 601-seventh hand valve; 602-a water collection tank; 603-a liquid level sensor; 604-a fifth water pump; 605-a third filter; 606-a fifth solenoid valve; 607-a sixth solenoid valve; 608-seventh solenoid valve; 609.
Detailed Description
The disclosure is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
Technical term interpretation:
plate heat exchanger: a high-efficiency heat exchanger is formed by stacking a series of metal sheets with certain corrugated shapes. Thin rectangular channels are formed among the various plates, liquid-liquid and liquid-gas heat exchange is carried out through the plates, the heat exchange efficiency is high, and the heat loss is small.
Instantaneity: the reaction capacity of the system within a prescribed time; the application with the instant requirement has the characteristics of strong activity time, and is required to collect information from the external environment at a certain moment and/or within a certain time and respond in time. In the invention, the instant heat supply is to respond correspondingly by switching different circulation loops according to whether heat supply consumption exists or not.
Example 1
In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, as shown in fig. 1, a cogeneration system for a fuel cell, includes:
the system comprises a fuel cell module unit, a system hydrogen supply loop, a system main cooling loop, a system auxiliary heat recovery loop, an instant heat supply loop and a system water recovery loop;
the fuel cell module unit provides a place for chemical reaction of the fuel cell;
the system hydrogen supply loop is used for providing the required hydrogen for the chemical reaction of the fuel cell module unit;
the system main cooling loop is used for collecting heat generated by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell so as to provide a sufficient heat source for the instant heating loop through heat exchange and radiate heat for the fuel cell module unit;
the auxiliary heat recovery loop is used for collecting heat generated by the fuel cell module unit devices and collecting the heat generated by the devices into the instant heat supply loop;
the instant heating loops are used for switching different instant heating loops to realize flexible heating according to whether heating consumption exists or not;
the system water recovery loop is used for collecting water generated by chemical reaction of the fuel cell module units.
A hydrogen fuel cell system is a cogeneration system that converts chemical energy of hydrogen and air (oxygen) fuel into electric energy and heat energy, and the reaction product is water. According to the principle, the invention provides a cogeneration scheme which can expand the thermoelectric power level, maximally recycle heat and product water and supply heat in real time.
In a specific embodiment, the system hydrogen supply loop comprises a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen supply main path, a hydrogen supply branch path, a hydrogen discharge branch path, a tail exhaust main path and an exhaust port;
the hydrogen inlet is used for conveying hydrogen to the hydrogen supply trunk, the hydrogen supply trunk is connected with the hydrogen supply branch, and the hydrogen supply branch is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell module unit and is used for providing hydrogen required by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell;
the hydrogen discharging branch is connected with the exhaust port through the tail discharging trunk and is used for discharging redundant hydrogen which is remained in the hydrogen supply loop of the system and does not participate in the chemical reaction of the fuel cell.
Specifically, a hydrogen source supplies hydrogen to the whole system through a hydrogen inlet. After passing through the hydrogen supply hand valve 201, the hydrogen supply main path one-way valve 202, the flame arrester 203 and the filter 204, the hydrogen is branched to supply to each module unit; the flow meter 206 and the hydrogen supply main line pressure sensor 205 monitor the flow rate and pressure of the hydrogen main line. Each branch is controlled to be switched on and off by a solenoid valve 211, and a pressure sensor 212 monitors the pressure; the hydrogen corresponding to the hydrogen supply branch can be manually discharged through the hydrogen discharge branch hand valve 210, and the hydrogen reserved in the hydrogen supply main can be manually discharged through the main hydrogen discharge hand valve 209; the safety valve 208 automatically discharges the hydrogen reserved in the hydrogen supply main road after detecting that the pressure of the hydrogen supply main road reaches a set threshold value so as to ensure the safety of the system; the residual hydrogen is vented to the tail boom via a check valve 207.
Taking the fuel cell module unit 11 as an example, part of hydrogen gas which does not enter the stack to participate in the oxyhydrogen reaction remains between the solenoid valve 211 and the pressure sensor 212. However, the ignition point of hydrogen is low and the explosion limit range is wide, which means that once hydrogen leakage occurs, combustion or even explosion may be induced, and thus, it is necessary to timely bleed off the hydrogen remaining in the hydrogen supply circuit of the system, so that the hydrogen between the solenoid valve 211 and the pressure sensor 212 is discharged from the exhaust port through the hydrogen bleed branch by opening the hand valve 210.
In a specific embodiment, the fuel cell module unit comprises a hydrogen inlet interface, a tail row interface, a main cooling first interface, a main cooling second interface, an auxiliary cooling first interface, an auxiliary cooling second interface and a DC/DC output interface.
In order to expand the thermoelectric power level of the whole system, the embodiment integrates a hydrogen fuel electric pile, a DC/DC, an air filtering device, a humidifier, an air compressor, a controller thereof and the like with certain specifications (such as 20kW of power level) into a unit module, and an auxiliary cooling system and a main cooling system are arranged outside the module, and the unit module is called as a fuel cell module unit.
As shown in fig. 2, the power class, the overall shape and the interfaces of the fuel cell module unit are unified, and the interfaces are designed into a form of convenient connection and easy operation such as quick insertion or clamping sleeve in a unified manner, so as to form the fuel cell module unit provided by the embodiment. The fuel cell module unit comprises a hydrogen inlet interface 111, a tail row interface 112, a main cooling first interface 113, a main cooling second interface 114, an auxiliary cooling first interface 115, an auxiliary cooling second interface 116 and a DC/DC output interface 117.
In one embodiment, the hydrogen inlet 111 is connected to a hydrogen inlet in a hydrogen supply loop of the system, and is used for absorbing hydrogen required by the fuel cell reaction;
the tail row interface 112 is connected with a gas-water separator in the system water recovery loop and is used for recovering water generated by the fuel cell reaction;
the primary cooling first interface 113 is connected with the high-temperature main road, and the primary cooling second interface 114 is connected with the low-temperature main road; the high-temperature main road and the low-temperature main road are connected with the primary side of the first plate heat exchanger; the first high-temperature water discharged from the main cooling first interface 113 flows through the high-temperature main road to the first plate heat exchanger for heat exchange, and outputs first low-temperature water, and the first low-temperature water flows through the low-temperature main road and returns to the main cooling second interface 114;
the auxiliary cooling first interface 115 is connected with an auxiliary heating high-temperature main road, and the auxiliary cooling second interface 116 is connected with an auxiliary heating low-temperature main road; the auxiliary heat high-temperature main road and the auxiliary heat low-temperature main road are connected with the primary side of the second plate heat exchanger; the second high-temperature water discharged from the auxiliary cooling first interface 115 flows through the auxiliary heating high-temperature main path to the second plate heat exchanger to exchange heat, and outputs second low-temperature water, and the second low-temperature water returns to the auxiliary cooling second interface 116;
the DC/DC output interface 117 is the electrical power output of the fuel cell.
The fuel cell module unit is used to provide a place for the chemical reaction of the fuel cell. The principle is as follows: by absorbing hydrogen through the hydrogen inlet port 111, the module unit itself may also absorb air (an air port is not shown in the drawings, and those skilled in the art will know that this port exists to ensure that the oxyhydrogen reaction occurs); the hydrogen and oxygen react within the modular unit, and the tail port 112 vents air, water, and a small amount of hydrogen; the DC/DC output interface 117 outputs direct current voltage to realize reaction discharge; the chemical reaction of the fuel cell also generates a large amount of heat, and exchanges heat through a main cooling loop of the system; the fuel cell module unit works to enable the device to generate partial heat, and the partial heat is fully collected and utilized through the auxiliary heat recovery loop of the system.
In a specific embodiment, at least two fuel cell module units are connected to the bus through the anode and the cathode of the DC/DC output interface, so that the linear expansion of the system power generation power is realized; the main cooling first interfaces of at least two fuel cell module units are connected with the high-temperature main road, and the main cooling second interfaces are connected with the low-temperature main road, so that the linear expansion of the heat generating power of the system is realized.
In the design of the whole system, in order to realize the free expansion of the power level, a plurality of fuel cell module units are connected in parallel according to the actual demand so as to expand the power level of the whole system. As shown in fig. 3, the positive and negative poles of the DC/DC output interfaces of the plurality of fuel cell module units are connected to the bus, so that the linear expansion of the system power generation can be realized; similarly, linear expansion of the heat generation power of the system is also realized based on parallel connection of the fuel cell module units.
In a specific embodiment, the system main cooling loop comprises a fuel cell module unit, a high Wen Zhilu, a high temperature main circuit, a first plate heat exchanger, a low temperature main circuit and a low Wen Zhilu which are connected in sequence;
the first plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the first high-temperature water discharged from the main cooling first interface 113 of the fuel cell module unit, and outputting the first low-temperature water to return to the main cooling second interface 114.
Specifically, all the first high-temperature water discharged from the primary cooling first interface 113 of each fuel cell module unit is collected to a high-temperature main road, and after heat exchange, the first high-temperature water is divided into branches from the low-temperature main road by the first plate heat exchanger and then is led into the primary cooling second interface 114 of each fuel cell module unit.
Under the condition of normal operation of the system, for the fuel cell module unit, heat generated by the internal electric pile reaction is taken away through the first plate heat exchanger in the main cooling loop of the system, a sufficient heat source is provided for the instant heat supply loop, and low-temperature water is returned for cooling and heat dissipation of the fuel cell module unit. And circulating the heat exchange steps to ensure that the system stably operates.
In the main cooling loop of the system, a first hand valve 314 is arranged at the height Wen Zhilu, a second hand valve 313 is arranged at the low-temperature branch, and the hand valve is used for closing a waterway at the position when the module unit is installed, disassembled and overhauled; the high-temperature main road is provided with a first temperature sensor 311 and a first pressure sensor 312, and the low-temperature main road is provided with a second pressure sensor 309 and a second temperature sensor 310 for monitoring water temperature and water pressure in real time; the low-temperature main road is also provided with a first water tank 304, a first deionizer 305, a first ion concentration sensor 306, a first water pump 307 and a first filter 308, wherein the first ion concentration sensor 306 monitors the ion concentration of circulating water, and the first water tank 304 is used for supplementing water and is connected with the first deionizer 305 in series; the first water pump 307 provides power, and the first filter 308 ensures the purity of the cooling liquid; the main cooling loop of the system is also provided with a thermostat 302 and a heater 303, which are used for heating circulating water to enable the galvanic pile to quickly reach the starting temperature when the system is started at low temperature.
The oxyhydrogen reaction occurs in a high temperature environment. The hydrogen fuel cell stack produces water at the cathode during the chemical reaction, and when the temperature is lower than 0 c, if the fuel cell system is in the start-up phase, as the water produced at the cathode becomes saturated, ice builds up on the cathode side, so that the start-up fails. Failure to cold start can cause damage to the internal components of the stack, affecting the chemical reaction rate. Failure of the low-temperature cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell system will have a large influence on the output characteristics of the cell, and the cell life will also be reduced.
Therefore, at the time of low-temperature start-up of the fuel cell module unit, the present embodiment increases the water temperature flowing into the second main cooling port 114 by heating the first low-temperature water, which is the cold water of the heating circuit, to thereby heat the stack.
Specifically, a heating branch circuit for communicating the high-temperature main circuit and the low-temperature main circuit is erected between the high-temperature main circuit and the low-temperature main circuit close to the primary side of the first plate heat exchanger, a heater 303 is arranged on the heating branch circuit, and a thermostat 302 is arranged at the connection point of the heating branch circuit and the low-temperature main circuit.
The thermostat 302 is a three-way connection, a first connection is connected to the primary side of the first plate heat exchanger, a second connection is connected to the heating branch, and a third connection is connected to the low temperature main.
The first plate heat exchanger is connected with the heater in parallel, and the corresponding joint of the thermostat is connected to determine whether the first high-temperature water in the high-temperature main road passes through the first plate heat exchanger or the heater.
When the second and third joints of the thermostat are connected, the first high-temperature water in the high-temperature main road flows into the main cooling second joint 114 through the thermostat and the low-temperature main road after being heated by the heater. At this time, the fuel cell module unit, the high-temperature main line, the heater, the thermostat, and the low-temperature main line form a hot water cycle to heat the fuel cell stack.
The electric pile is heated to a certain degree, namely the electric pile is started, the oxyhydrogen reaction generates heat, and the electric pile does not need to be provided with heat. At the moment, the first joint and the third joint of the thermostat are connected, namely, a main system cooling loop under normal operation of the system is formed, and heat generated by the reaction of the fuel cell is taken away.
In a specific embodiment, the instant heating loop comprises a water inlet, a buffer tank, a first plate heat exchanger, a cooling tower and a heating port;
the instant heating circuit comprises a first instant heating circuit and a second instant heating circuit;
if the heat supply port is closed and no heat supply is consumed, the water inlet is closed in the state, and the first instant heat supply loop is closed circularly; the first instant heating loop comprises a buffer tank, a first plate heat exchanger and a cooling tower which are connected in sequence; the third low-temperature water in the buffer tank exchanges heat through the secondary side of the first plate heat exchanger, and the output third high-temperature water enters a cooling tower to be cooled and flows back to the buffer tank;
if the heat supply port is opened and heat supply consumption exists, the water inlet is opened in the state, and the second instant heat supply loop is opened in a circulating way; the second instant heating loop comprises a water inlet, a buffer tank, a first plate heat exchanger and a heating port which are connected in sequence; the water inlet is opened to supplement water for the buffer tank, the third low-temperature water in the buffer tank exchanges heat through the secondary side of the first plate heat exchanger, the third high-temperature water is output, and the third high-temperature water is discharged from the heat supply port.
Specifically, the water source (third low-temperature water) enters the buffer tank 405 after passing through the third hand valve 401 and the first electromagnetic valve 403 from the water inlet, and the second water pump 408 provides power to make the third low-temperature water enter the first plate heat exchanger, and the third high-temperature water is subjected to heat exchange.
If no hot water is consumed, i.e. the heat supply port is closed, after the third high-temperature water enters the cooling tower 410 for cooling, the second electromagnetic valve 411 is opened to reflux to the buffer tank 405, the water inlet is closed in the state, and the first instant heat supply loop is closed in a circulating way; if the user has water demand and the heat supply port is opened, the third high-temperature water is directly discharged from the heat supply port through the third electromagnetic valve 404 and the fourth hand valve 402, and the water outlet point of the heat supply port is at the upstream of the cooling tower, so that hot water can be obtained by opening the fourth hand valve 402, and meanwhile, the water inlet is opened to buffer and supplement water, and at the moment, the second instant heat supply loop is opened in a circulating way.
Wherein, a liquid level meter 406 is arranged on the buffer tank 405 to feed back the water quantity signal of the buffer tank and control the opening of the first electromagnetic valve 403 at the water inlet; the first flowmeter 409 is arranged at the upstream of the cooling tower and can monitor the water quantity flowing into the cooling tower, calculate the hot water consumption of the hot water supply port and further control the opening time of the first electromagnetic valve 403 at the water inlet; the third low-temperature water flows through the main circuit and is provided with a third temperature sensor 407 for monitoring the temperature of the secondary side water of the first plate heat exchanger, i.e. the temperature of the third low-temperature water.
In the invention, a main system cooling loop and an instant heating loop are connected through a first plate heat exchanger to form a main system heating loop, wherein the first plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between first high-temperature water and third low-temperature water so as to enable the temperature of the first high-temperature water to be reduced and the temperature of the third high-temperature water to be increased, namely heat generated by chemical reaction in a fuel cell module unit is taken away for heating. After the system works, the heat supply port can provide heat which does not exceed the maximum power at any time; when no heat is utilized, the system is automatically switched to the cooling tower loop to dissipate heat, the loop is closed, the instant heat supply is realized, and meanwhile, no redundant water loss is caused, so that the water resource waste is effectively avoided.
In a specific embodiment, the auxiliary heat recovery loop of the system comprises a fuel cell module unit, an auxiliary heat high-temperature branch, an auxiliary heat high-temperature main road, a second plate heat exchanger, an auxiliary heat low-temperature main road and an auxiliary heat low Wen Zhilu which are sequentially connected, and a buffer tank, an auxiliary heat low-temperature secondary main road, a second plate heat exchanger, an auxiliary heat high-temperature secondary main road and a third low-temperature water flow main road which are sequentially connected;
the second plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the second high-temperature water and the fourth low-temperature water in the auxiliary heat low-temperature secondary trunk so that the temperature of the second high-temperature water is reduced and the temperature of the fourth low-temperature water is increased to fourth high-temperature water; the fourth high-temperature water is converged into the third low-temperature water to flow through the dry road, the temperature of the original third low-temperature water is raised, and the circulating water flow rate of the instant heating loop is increased under the condition that the temperature of the third high-temperature water is kept unchanged.
The components of the fuel cell system, such as an air compressor controller, a DC/DC and a hydrogen circulating pump, need to dissipate heat and cool, design a waterway for cooling, and collect the heat into an instant heating loop for recycling.
Specifically, a fuel cell module unit, an auxiliary heat high-temperature branch, an auxiliary heat high-temperature main road, a second plate heat exchanger, an auxiliary heat low-temperature main road and an auxiliary heat low-temperature branch which are connected in sequence form a primary side of an auxiliary heat recovery loop of the system. The auxiliary high-temperature main path is provided with a fourth temperature sensor 501 and a third pressure sensor 502, and the auxiliary low-temperature main path is provided with a second water tank 503, a second deionizer 504, a second ion concentration sensor 505, a third water pump 506, a second filter 507, a fourth pressure sensor 508 and a fifth temperature sensor 509. The specific access manner and function are similar to the main cooling loop of the system, and are not repeated here.
The buffer tank, the auxiliary heat low-temperature secondary trunk, the second plate heat exchanger, the auxiliary heat high-temperature secondary trunk and the third low-temperature water flow through the trunk which are connected in sequence form a secondary side of the auxiliary heat recovery loop of the system. The fourth low-temperature water is output from the diversion port of the buffer tank and flows through the auxiliary heat low-temperature secondary trunk, the fourth water pump 512 provides power to enable the third low-temperature water to enter the second plate heat exchanger, the heat exchange is performed to obtain fourth high-temperature water, the fourth high-temperature water flows through the auxiliary heat high-temperature secondary trunk, enters the third low-temperature water flow through the main trunk through the converging port, and flows into the water inflow.
The secondary side of the system secondary heat recovery circuit also includes a fifth hand valve 513, a sixth hand valve 514, a fifth pressure sensor 511, a sixth pressure sensor 515, a check valve 516, and a fourth solenoid valve 510.
Wherein the fourth low-temperature water is homologous to the third low-temperature water.
The auxiliary hot water flow entering the main heat supply loop from the inlet makes the water temperature T of the water entering the main heat supply loop (secondary side) 2 Increase without changing the water temperature T of the water 1 Under the condition of the water heater, the hot water flow of the heat supply port is improved, and the auxiliary heat is utilized.
Specifically, q=g·c· (t g -t h ) It can be seen that when the heating system provides the same heat Q to the heat consumer, the temperature difference Δt=t of the supply and return water g -t h Proportional to the amount of circulating water G; due to T of the first plate heat exchanger 2 The auxiliary hot water is led in, i.e. the original T is lifted 2 Temperature of (c) is such that T 1 And T is 2 The temperature difference between the two water tanks becomes smaller, so that the circulating water quantity is increased. Therefore, this embodiment increases the amount of heat-supply circulating water while fully utilizing the resources.
In a specific embodiment, the system water recovery loop comprises a fuel cell module unit, a tail row branch, a gas-water separator, a tail row trunk, an exhaust port, a water collecting tank, a buffer tank and a water outlet;
the gas-water separator is used for separating out water and gas output by the tail gas outlet, discharging the gas through the gas outlet, collecting the water into a water collection tank and pumping the water into the buffer tank; when the system does not provide heat, and the liquid levels of the water collecting tank and the buffer tank reach the set upper limit, water is discharged through the water outlet.
Specifically, the fuel cell air tail row contains a large amount of moisture. Each fuel cell module unit is connected with the tail branch through the tail interface so as to collect the moisture into the tail trunk, and the seventh hand valve 601 is used for controlling the on-off of the tail branch and the tail trunk; all tail gases are separated by a gas-water separator and collected in a water collection tank 602, the water collection tank 602 is provided with a liquid level sensor 603 for monitoring the water level, and water exceeding a set threshold value can be pumped into a buffer tank by a fifth water pump 604 through a third filter 605 and a fifth electromagnetic valve 606. When the system does not provide heat and the liquid levels of the water collection tank and the buffer tank reach the set upper limit, the sixth electromagnetic valve 607 and the seventh electromagnetic valve 608 can be opened to directly discharge. Flame arresters 609 are also provided before the vents to prevent fire.
The invention realizes the expansion of the power level of power generation and heat production of the system while avoiding the complexity of parallel connection of the system and reducing the integration cost through connecting the fuel cell module units in parallel. The heat generated by the fuel cell system is efficiently recycled, the low-temperature cold start problem of the fuel cell is simplified and optimized, the uninterrupted supply of regional heat and electricity is realized, and the greenhouse effect is relieved to a certain extent; the heat and the product water are utilized to the maximum extent through the auxiliary heat recovery and the tail drainage recovery, so that the stable operation of the cogeneration system is ensured while the resource utilization rate is improved.
Example two
Based on the first embodiment, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a control method of a cogeneration system of a fuel cell, including:
starting the fuel cell module unit;
heat generated by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell is collected, and a sufficient heat source is provided for the instant heating loop through heat exchange;
collecting heat generated by the fuel cell module unit devices, and collecting the heat generated by the devices into an instant heating loop;
according to whether heat supply consumption exists, different instant heat supply loops are switched to realize flexible heat supply;
collecting water produced by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell module units.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements of the various examples described in connection with the present embodiments, i.e., the algorithm steps, can be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell cogeneration system, comprising:
the system comprises a fuel cell module unit, a system hydrogen supply loop, a system main cooling loop, a system auxiliary heat recovery loop, an instant heat supply loop and a system water recovery loop;
the fuel cell module unit provides a place for chemical reaction of the fuel cell;
the system hydrogen supply loop is used for providing the required hydrogen for the chemical reaction of the fuel cell module unit;
the system main cooling loop is used for collecting heat generated by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell so as to provide a sufficient heat source for the instant heating loop through heat exchange and radiate heat for the fuel cell module unit;
the auxiliary heat recovery loop is used for collecting heat generated by the fuel cell module unit devices and collecting the heat generated by the devices into the instant heat supply loop;
the instant heating loops are used for switching different instant heating loops to realize flexible heating according to whether heating consumption exists or not;
the system water recovery loop is used for collecting water generated by chemical reaction of the fuel cell module units.
2. The fuel cell cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the system hydrogen supply loop comprises a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen supply trunk, a hydrogen supply branch, a hydrogen bleed branch, a tail gas trunk, and a gas vent;
the hydrogen inlet is used for conveying hydrogen to the hydrogen supply trunk, the hydrogen supply trunk is connected with the hydrogen supply branch, and the hydrogen supply branch is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell module unit and is used for providing hydrogen required by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell;
the hydrogen discharging branch is connected with the exhaust port through the tail discharging trunk and is used for discharging redundant hydrogen which is remained in the hydrogen supply loop of the system and does not participate in the chemical reaction of the fuel cell.
3. The fuel cell cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell module unit comprises a hydrogen inlet interface, a tail row interface, a primary cold first interface, a primary cold second interface, a secondary cold first interface, a secondary cold second interface, and a DC/DC output interface.
4. A fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 3, wherein,
the hydrogen inlet interface is connected with a hydrogen inlet in a hydrogen supply loop of the system and is used for absorbing hydrogen required by the reaction of the fuel cell;
the tail row interface is connected with a gas-water separator in the system water recovery loop and is used for recovering water generated by the fuel cell reaction;
the main cooling first interface is connected with the high-temperature main road, and the main cooling second interface is connected with the low-temperature main road; the high-temperature main road and the low-temperature main road are connected with the primary side of the first plate heat exchanger; the first high-temperature water discharged from the primary cooling first interface flows through a high-temperature trunk to the first plate heat exchanger for heat exchange, and outputs first low-temperature water which flows through a low-temperature trunk to return to the primary cooling second interface;
the auxiliary cooling first interface is connected with an auxiliary heating high-temperature main road, and the auxiliary cooling second interface is connected with an auxiliary heating low-temperature main road; the auxiliary heat high-temperature main road and the auxiliary heat low-temperature main road are connected with the primary side of the second plate heat exchanger; the second high-temperature water discharged from the auxiliary cooling first interface flows through an auxiliary heat high-temperature main road to a second plate heat exchanger for heat exchange, and outputs second low-temperature water which is returned to the auxiliary cooling second interface;
the DC/DC output interface is an electric energy output end of the fuel cell.
5. The cogeneration system of claim 4, wherein,
at least two fuel cell module units are connected to the bus through the anode and the cathode of the DC/DC output interface, so that the linear expansion of the system power generation power is realized;
the main cooling first interfaces of at least two fuel cell module units are connected with the high-temperature main road, and the main cooling second interfaces are connected with the low-temperature main road, so that the linear expansion of the heat generating power of the system is realized.
6. The cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the system main cooling circuit comprises a fuel cell module unit, a high Wen Zhilu, a high temperature main circuit, a first plate heat exchanger, a low temperature main circuit, and a low Wen Zhilu connected in sequence;
the first plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the first high-temperature water discharged from the main cooling first interface of the fuel cell module unit, outputting the first low-temperature water and returning to the main cooling second interface.
7. The cogeneration system of a fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the system auxiliary heat recovery circuit comprises a fuel cell module unit, an auxiliary heat high temperature branch, an auxiliary heat high temperature main, a second plate heat exchanger, an auxiliary heat low temperature main and an auxiliary heat low Wen Zhilu which are connected in sequence, and a buffer tank, an auxiliary heat low temperature secondary main, a second plate heat exchanger, an auxiliary heat high temperature secondary main and a third low temperature water flow main which are connected in sequence;
the second plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the second high-temperature water and the fourth low-temperature water in the auxiliary heat low-temperature secondary trunk so that the temperature of the second high-temperature water is reduced and the temperature of the fourth low-temperature water is increased to fourth high-temperature water; the fourth high-temperature water is converged into the third low-temperature water to flow through the dry road, the temperature of the original third low-temperature water is raised, and the circulating water flow rate of the instant heating loop is increased under the condition that the temperature of the third high-temperature water is kept unchanged.
8. The fuel cell cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the instant heating circuit comprises a water inlet, a buffer tank, a first plate heat exchanger, a cooling tower, a heating port;
the instant heating circuit comprises a first instant heating circuit and a second instant heating circuit;
if the heat supply port is closed and no heat supply is consumed, the water inlet is closed in the state, and the first instant heat supply loop is closed circularly; the first instant heating loop comprises a buffer tank, a first plate heat exchanger and a cooling tower which are connected in sequence; the third low-temperature water in the buffer tank exchanges heat through the secondary side of the first plate heat exchanger, and the output third high-temperature water enters a cooling tower to be cooled and flows back to the buffer tank;
if the heat supply port is opened and heat supply consumption exists, the water inlet is opened in the state, and the second instant heat supply loop is opened in a circulating way; the second instant heating loop comprises a water inlet, a buffer tank, a first plate heat exchanger and a heating port which are connected in sequence; the water inlet is opened to supplement water for the buffer tank, the third low-temperature water in the buffer tank exchanges heat through the secondary side of the first plate heat exchanger, the third high-temperature water is output, and the third high-temperature water is discharged from the heat supply port.
9. The cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the system water recovery loop comprises a fuel cell module unit, a tail pipe branch, a gas-water separator, a tail pipe trunk, an exhaust port, a header tank, a buffer tank, a drain port;
the gas-water separator is used for separating out water and gas output by the tail gas outlet, discharging the gas through the gas outlet, collecting the water into a water collection tank and pumping the water into the buffer tank; when the system does not provide heat, and the liquid levels of the water collecting tank and the buffer tank reach the set upper limit, water is discharged through the water outlet.
10. A control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system, characterized by being used in the fuel cell cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
starting the fuel cell module unit;
heat generated by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell is collected, and a sufficient heat source is provided for the instant heating loop through heat exchange;
collecting heat generated by the fuel cell module unit devices, and collecting the heat generated by the devices into an instant heating loop;
according to whether heat supply consumption exists, different instant heat supply loops are switched to realize flexible heat supply;
collecting water produced by the chemical reaction of the fuel cell module units.
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