CN115751767A - Multi-system coupled combined heat, power and water supply system and method - Google Patents
Multi-system coupled combined heat, power and water supply system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115751767A CN115751767A CN202211383699.5A CN202211383699A CN115751767A CN 115751767 A CN115751767 A CN 115751767A CN 202211383699 A CN202211383699 A CN 202211383699A CN 115751767 A CN115751767 A CN 115751767A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-system coupled combined heat, power and water supply system and a method, comprising a solar system, a water electrolyzer system, a fuel cell system, a heat pump system and a membrane distillation system; the solar energy system and the fuel cell system provide electric energy and heat energy for users; the water electrolyzer system utilizes the electric energy provided by the solar energy system to prepare hydrogen which is provided to the fuel cell system; the feed liquid treatment water of the membrane distillation system utilizes the heat of a solar system and a fuel cell system to prepare drinkable fresh water; the heat pump system is coupled with the membrane distillation system through a condenser and an evaporator; the invention integrates a solar system, a water electrolyzer, a fuel cell system, a heat pump system and a membrane distillation system into a whole based on the energy cascade utilization principle, has better temperature matching effect and can realize the purposes of providing electric energy, drinking fresh water, domestic hot water and storing energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of renewable energy utilization and energy systems, in particular to a multi-system coupled combined heat, power and water supply system and a method.
Background
Renewable energy sources such as solar energy have the problems of intermittency and discontinuity, and a suitable energy carrier is needed to provide continuous and reliable energy sources for users. The hydrogen energy is paid much attention as one of the alternative energy sources of the traditional fossil energy, and the energy-saving and emission-reducing aims can be realized by coupling photovoltaic power generation and water electrolysis hydrogen production technologies.
The traditional energy system mainly meets the requirements of people on electricity, cold and heat in a separate production mode, and has low energy utilization efficiency, so that resource waste and serious environmental pollution are caused. The distributed combined supply system is an efficient, reliable and environment-friendly energy system, and is an important development direction in the technical field of comprehensive utilization of energy at present.
With the increasing scarcity and demand of fresh water resources, the fresh water production technology has been unprecedentedly developed. The low-grade heat-driven membrane distillation water treatment technology is considered as an effective water purification method, can be widely applied to the fields of seawater and brackish water desalination and the like, and particularly has obvious advantages in the aspect of treating high-concentration brine. The inventor finds that the existing cogeneration system usually couples two systems to supply one or two kinds of energy, and cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of people on multiple kinds of energy, so that the research of a multi-energy cogeneration system capable of realizing cogeneration of hot water and electricity is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-system coupling combined heat and power system and a method thereof, which integrate a solar photovoltaic/photo-thermal water electrolysis tank, a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis tank, a fuel cell, a heat pump and membrane distillation into a whole, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect of the invention, a multi-system coupled combined heat and power system is provided, which comprises a solar energy system, a water electrolyzer system, a fuel cell system, a heat pump system and a membrane distillation system;
the solar energy system and the fuel cell system provide electric energy and heat energy for users; the water electrolyzer system utilizes the electric energy provided by the solar energy system to prepare hydrogen which is provided to the fuel cell system; the feed liquid treatment water of the membrane distillation system utilizes the heat of a solar system and a fuel cell system to prepare drinkable fresh water; the heat pump system is coupled to the membrane distillation system through a condenser and an evaporator.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the solar system comprises a solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated module, wherein the photovoltaic module is connected to the dc controller, and the photo-thermal module is connected to the water pump and the hot water storage tank in sequence.
In some embodiments of the invention, one of the DC controllers is connected to the DC/AC converter to provide power to the user, and the other is connected to the DC/DC converter to provide power to the water electrolyzer system.
In some embodiments of the invention, the water electrolyzer system comprises a PEM water electrolyzer, the hydrogen outlet of which is connected to a hydrogen storage bottle.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the fuel cell system includes a PEMFC stack, a hydrogen inlet of the PEMFC stack is connected to a hydrogen storage cylinder, an oxygen inlet of the PEMFC stack is connected to an air compressor, a gas-liquid separator is disposed at each of an anode and a cathode wet gas outlet of the PEMFC stack, and a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to a water storage tank.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the membrane distillation system comprises a membrane distillation module, a feed liquid tank and a permeate liquid tank, wherein a feed liquid outlet of the feed liquid tank is connected with a high-temperature feed liquid inlet of the membrane distillation module through a heat exchanger of the fuel cell system, a heat storage water tank of the solar energy system and a condenser of the heat pump system.
In some embodiments of the invention, the permeate outlet of the membrane distillation module is connected to the permeate tank via an evaporator of the heat pump system.
In some embodiments of the invention, the heat pump system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve and an evaporator connected in series.
In some embodiments of the invention, the heat pump system further comprises a regenerator for exchanging heat between the high temperature heat pump working fluid from the evaporator and the low temperature heat pump working fluid from the condenser.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a multi-system coupled combined heat and power supply method, comprising:
when the solar radiation is sufficient, the solar energy system provides electric energy and hot water for the user, and the membrane distillation system provides drinkable fresh water for the user;
when solar radiation is insufficient, the solar energy system provides partial electric energy and hot water for a user, the fuel cell system provides electric energy for the user, and the membrane distillation system provides drinkable fresh water for the user;
when solar radiation does not exist, the heat storage water tank provides hot water for a user, the fuel cell system provides electric energy for the user, and the membrane distillation system provides drinkable fresh water for the user.
One or more technical schemes of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention introduces the membrane distillation system to recover the medium-low temperature waste heat of the fuel cell system and the solar system, produces drinkable fresh water and improves the energy utilization efficiency; the heat pump system is organically combined with the membrane distillation system, so that the heat exchange efficiency in the membrane distillation process is further improved.
(2) The invention integrates a solar system, a water electrolyzer, a fuel cell system, a heat pump system and a membrane distillation system into a whole based on the energy cascade utilization principle, has better temperature matching effect and can realize the purposes of providing electric energy, drinking fresh water, domestic hot water and storing energy.
(3) The multi-system coupled combined heat, power and water supply system provided by the invention can continuously provide electric energy, drinkable fresh water and domestic hot water for users according to different operating conditions, and the whole system cannot be influenced by discontinuous solar energy.
(4) The multi-system coupled combined heat and power system is provided with the plurality of heat exchangers and the heat regenerator, so that heat generated by each system can be recycled, the energy utilization maximization is realized, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
(5) The multisystem-coupled combined heat, power and water supply system provided by the invention has the advantages of short construction period, convenience and quickness in maintenance and capability of realizing unattended operation, can be applied to the military field, the frontier defense area, the island and the remote areas which are difficult to cover by a public power grid, meets the heat, power and water requirements of users, and achieves the purposes of saving energy, reducing emission and improving the energy utilization efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-system coupled cogeneration system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated component, 2, a direct current controller, 3, a first DC/AC converter, 4, a DC/DC converter, 5, a PEM water electrolyzer, 6, a first electric user, 7, a hydrogen storage bottle, 8, an air compressor, 9, a pressure reducing valve, 10, a first flow converging valve, 11, an air humidifier, 12, a hydrogen humidifier, 13, a hydrogen compressor, 14, a PEMFC pile, 15, a first gas-liquid separator, 16, a second gas-liquid separator, 17, a second DC/AC converter, 18, a second electric user, 19, a second flow-merging valve, 20, a water storage tank, 21, a first water pump, 22, a first heat exchanger, 23, a feed liquid tank, 24, a second water pump, 25, a second heat exchanger, 26, a fresh water user, 27, a permeate tank, 28, a third water pump, 29, a membrane distillation assembly, 30, an evaporator, 31, a throttle valve, 32, a heat regenerator, 33, a heat pump working medium compressor, 34, a condenser, 35, a first valve, 36, a second valve, 37, a third valve, 38, a fourth valve, 39, a heat storage water tank, 40, a fourth water pump, 41 and a hot water user.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
For convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a multi-system coupled combined heat and power system is provided, as shown in fig. 1, including a solar system, a water electrolyzer system, a fuel cell system, a heat pump system and a membrane distillation system; the solar energy system and the fuel cell system provide electric energy and heat energy for users; the water electrolyzer system utilizes the electric energy provided by the solar energy system to prepare hydrogen which is provided to the fuel cell system; the feed liquid treatment water of the membrane distillation system utilizes the heat of a solar system and a fuel cell system to prepare drinkable fresh water; the heat pump system is coupled to the membrane distillation system through a condenser and an evaporator.
The solar energy system comprises a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated assembly (PVT) 1, a photovoltaic assembly in the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated assembly is connected with a direct current controller 2, the photo-thermal assembly is sequentially connected with a fourth water pump 40 and a heat storage water tank 39, one path of the direct current controller 2 is connected with a first DC/AC converter 3 to provide electric energy for a user, the other path of the direct current controller is connected with a DC/DC converter 4 to provide electric energy for a water electrolyzer system, the photovoltaic assembly converts solar energy into electric energy, the direct current controller 2 is used for controlling direct current generated by the photovoltaic assembly, the first DC/AC converter 3 converts direct current into alternating current to provide for a first electric user 6, and the DC/DC converter 4 converts the direct current into direct current matched with the running of a PEM water electrolyzer 5 to prepare hydrogen; the photo-thermal component converts solar energy into heat energy to heat water, and hot water is stored in the heat storage water tank 39 and used for heating feed liquid and providing domestic hot water.
The water electrolyzer system comprises a PEM water electrolyzer 5, the PEM water electrolyzer takes a solid proton exchange membrane as electrolyte, takes pure water as reactant, ionizes water by utilizing electric energy to generate hydrogen, a hydrogen outlet of the PEM water electrolyzer is connected with a hydrogen storage bottle 7, and the hydrogen storage bottle stores the hydrogen.
The fuel cell system is a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system, and comprises a PEMFC pile 14, wherein a hydrogen inlet of the PEMFC pile 14 is connected with a hydrogen storage bottle 7 through a pressure reducing valve 9, an oxygen inlet is connected with an air compressor 8, a first gas-liquid separator 15 and a second gas-liquid separator 16 are arranged at an anode and cathode wet gas outlet of the PEMFC pile and are used for recovering moisture in anode and cathode outlet wet gas of the PEMFC pile, liquid outlets of the first gas-liquid separator 15 and the second gas-liquid separator 16 are connected with a water storage tank 20 through a second confluence valve 19, and the water storage tank stores the recovered moisture; the gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 15 enters a hydrogen pipeline through a hydrogen compressor 13 and a first confluence valve 10, a hydrogen humidifier 12 is arranged between the hydrogen inlet of the PEMFC pile and the hydrogen storage bottle, an air humidifier 11 is arranged between the oxygen inlet and the air compressor 8, the moisture of the hydrogen humidifier and the air humidifier comes from a water storage tank 20, and the electric energy generated by the PEMFC pile is converted into alternating current through a second DC/AC converter 17 and then is supplied to a second electric user 18.
Because the fuel cell system can produce a large amount of heats, therefore still set up first heat exchanger 22 in the fuel system, first water pump 21 is with pumping into the PEMFC pile and take away its heat of production, then get into first heat exchanger, give membrane distillation system's feed liquid with heat exchange, and the water after the cooling gets into the PEMFC pile again and cools down, and this process is constantly circulated and is gone on.
The membrane distillation system comprises a membrane distillation component 29, a feed liquid tank 23 and a permeate tank 27, wherein a feed liquid outlet of the feed liquid tank 23 is connected with a high-temperature feed liquid inlet of the membrane distillation component 29 through a first heat exchanger 22 of a fuel cell system, a heat storage water tank 39 of a solar system and a condenser 34 of a heat pump system; the permeate outlet of the membrane distillation module is connected to a permeate tank 27 via an evaporator 30 of the heat pump system to provide fresh water to the fresh water consumers 26, and part of the fresh water in the permeate tank is recirculated to the membrane distillation module 29 by a third water pump.
Further, a high-temperature feed liquid outlet of the membrane distillation assembly 29 returns to the feed liquid tank 23 through the second heat exchanger 25 again, feed liquid in the feed liquid tank enters the second heat exchanger 25 under the action of the second water pump 24 to exchange heat with high-temperature feed liquid from the membrane distillation assembly, and heat of the high-temperature feed liquid is recycled.
The heat pump system comprises a heat pump working medium compressor 33, a condenser 34, a throttle valve 31 and an evaporator 30 which are connected in sequence to form a closed circulation loop of a thermotechnical working medium.
Further, the heat pump system further comprises a heat regenerator 32, which is used for exchanging heat between the high-temperature heat pump working medium from the evaporator 30 and the low-temperature heat pump working medium from the condenser 34, so as to provide energy utilization efficiency and reduce power consumption of the compressor.
In the multi-system coupled combined heat and power and water supply system of the embodiment, a plurality of valves including a first valve 35, a second valve 36, a third valve 37 and a fourth valve 38 are arranged, and different operation conditions can be realized by changing the opening of the valves.
The multisystem-coupled combined heat, power and water supply system comprises the following operating conditions:
(1) When the solar radiation is sufficient
The solar energy system provides the electric energy required by the user and the heat energy required by the membrane distillation process.
One part of direct current generated by the PVT component of the solar system is converted into alternating current through the DC/AC converter 3 to provide electric energy for users, and the other part of direct current is converted into direct current matched with the operation of the PEM water electrolyzer 5 through the DC/DC converter 4 to prepare hydrogen which is stored in the hydrogen storage bottle 7 to realize the energy storage process. In addition, the heat energy generated by the solar PVT module is stored in the heat storage water tank 39, a part of the heat energy is used for heating the feed liquid, and the other part of the heat energy is used for providing domestic hot water for the user.
The low-temperature feed liquid from the feed liquid box 23 is preheated by the high-temperature feed liquid from the membrane distillation assembly 29 through the second heat exchanger 25, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved; at the moment, the second valve 36 and the third valve 37 are closed, the first valve 35 and the fourth valve 38 are opened, the preheated feed liquid firstly flows through the heat storage water tank 39 to absorb heat, then enters the condenser 34 to absorb heat of the working medium of the heat pump, and then enters the membrane distillation assembly 29 to complete primary circulation; meanwhile, the low-temperature penetrating fluid in the penetrating fluid box 27 is pumped into a membrane distillation assembly 29 by a third water pump 28, and the membrane distillation process is completed; the high-temperature penetrating fluid from the membrane distillation assembly 29 enters an evaporator 30 of the heat pump system to exchange heat with the working medium of the heat pump, releases heat, and then flows back to the penetrating fluid tank 27 to complete one cycle, so that drinkable fresh water is provided for users.
High-temperature high-pressure gaseous heat pump working media in the heat pump system enter a condenser 34 to release heat, then enter a heat regenerator 32 to further release heat, then enter a throttle valve 31 to become low-temperature low-pressure liquid working media, then enter an evaporator 30 to absorb the heat of penetrating fluid, then enter the heat regenerator 32 to further absorb the heat to become gaseous working media, and then enter a heat pump working media compressor 33 to complete primary circulation; by arranging the heat regenerator 32, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the power consumption of the compressor is reduced.
(2) When solar radiation is insufficient
The solar energy system and the fuel cell system jointly provide the electric energy required by a user and the heat energy required by the membrane distillation process.
Direct current generated by a PVT component of the solar system is converted into alternating current through a DC/AC converter 3, so that electric energy is provided for a user; the heat energy generated by the PVT components is stored in the heat storage water tank 39, one part of the heat energy is used for heating feed liquid, and the other part of the heat energy is used for providing domestic hot water for users.
The fuel cell system generates electric energy, heat energy and water using hydrogen stored in a hydrogen storage bottle; the direct current generated by the PEMFC pile is converted into alternating current through a second DC/AC converter 17 to provide electric energy for a user; the first water pump 21 and the first heat exchanger 22 are connected through a pipeline to form a heat management cycle, the cooling liquid takes away the waste heat generated by the PEMFC pile, and the first heat exchanger 22 heats the feed liquid to release heat; the first gas-liquid separator 15 and the second gas-liquid separator 16 collect moisture in the anode and cathode outlet wet gases, respectively, store the moisture in the water storage tank 20, and supplement moisture to the air humidifier 11 and the hydrogen humidifier 12, thereby forming a water management cycle.
At this time, the second valve 36 and the fourth valve 38 are opened, the first valve 35 and the third valve 37 are closed, the feed liquid preheated by the second heat exchanger 25 firstly enters the first heat exchanger 22 to absorb the heat of the cooling liquid, then flows through the heat storage water tank 39 to absorb the heat, then enters the condenser 34 to absorb the heat of the working medium of the heat pump, and finally enters the membrane distillation assembly 29 to complete the primary cycle; the circulation mode of the penetrating fluid and the circulation mode of the heat pump are the same as the working condition of solar charging.
(3) When there is no solar radiation (night or bad weather)
The fuel cell system provides the electric power required by the user and the heat energy required by the membrane distillation process.
The hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 39 can provide domestic hot water to a user, and the fuel cell system generates electric energy, heat energy and water using the hydrogen gas stored in the hydrogen storage bottle.
At this time, the second valve 36 and the third valve 37 are opened, the first valve 35 and the fourth valve 38 are closed, the feed liquid preheated by the second heat exchanger 25 firstly enters the first heat exchanger 22 to absorb the heat of the cooling liquid, then enters the condenser 34 to absorb the heat of the working medium of the heat pump, and then enters the membrane distillation assembly 29 to complete the primary circulation; the rest of the system is the same as the cycle of the two working conditions.
Example 2
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a multi-system coupled cogeneration method is provided, including:
when the solar radiation is sufficient, the solar energy system provides electric energy and hot water for users, the membrane distillation system provides drinkable fresh water for the users, and the heat pump system provides heat/cold energy for the users;
when solar radiation is insufficient, the solar energy system provides partial electric energy and hot water for a user, the fuel cell system provides electric energy for the user, the membrane distillation system provides drinkable fresh water for the user, and the heat pump system provides heat/cold energy for the user;
when solar radiation does not exist, the heat storage water tank provides hot water for a user, the fuel cell system provides electric energy for the user, the membrane distillation system provides drinkable fresh water for the user, and the heat pump system provides heat/cold energy for the user.
The technical solutions of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the above embodiments are only specific examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, additions or similar substitutions made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-system coupled combined heat, power and water supply system is characterized by comprising a solar system, a water electrolyzer system, a fuel cell system, a heat pump system and a membrane distillation system;
the solar energy system and the fuel cell system provide electric energy and heat energy for users; the water electrolyzer system utilizes the electric energy provided by the solar energy system to prepare hydrogen which is provided to the fuel cell system; the feed liquid treatment water of the membrane distillation system utilizes the heat of a solar system and a fuel cell system to prepare drinkable fresh water; the heat pump system is coupled to the membrane distillation system through a condenser and an evaporator.
2. The multi-system coupled combined heat and power water supply system of claim 1, wherein the solar system comprises a solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated module, wherein the photovoltaic module is connected with the direct current controller, and the photo-thermal module is connected with the water pump hot water storage tank in sequence.
3. A multi-system coupled combined heat and power water supply system as claimed in claim 2 wherein one of said DC controllers is connected to a DC/AC converter to provide power to a user and the other is connected to a DC/DC converter to provide power to a water electrolyser system.
4. The multi-system coupled combined heat and power water supply system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water electrolyzer system comprises a PEM water electrolyzer, and the hydrogen outlet of the PEM water electrolyzer is connected with a hydrogen storage bottle.
5. The multi-system coupled combined heat and power water supply system according to claim 4, wherein the fuel cell system comprises a PEMFC stack, a hydrogen inlet of the PEMFC stack is connected with a hydrogen storage bottle, an oxygen inlet of the PEMFC stack is connected with an air compressor, wet gas outlets of an anode and a cathode of the PEMFC stack are respectively provided with a gas-liquid separator, and a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a water storage tank.
6. The multi-system coupled combined heat and power system according to claim 1, wherein the membrane distillation system comprises a membrane distillation assembly, a feed liquid tank and a permeate tank, and a feed liquid outlet of the feed liquid tank is connected with a high-temperature feed liquid inlet of the membrane distillation assembly through a heat exchanger of the fuel cell system, a hot water storage tank of the solar energy system and a condenser of the heat pump system.
7. The multi-system coupled combined heat and power water system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the permeate outlet of the membrane distillation module is connected to the permeate tank via an evaporator of the heat pump system.
8. The multi-system coupled combined heat and power system of claim 1, wherein the heat pump system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve and an evaporator connected in series.
9. The multi-system coupled combined heat and power system of claim 8, wherein the heat pump system further comprises a regenerator for exchanging heat between the high temperature heat pump working fluid from the evaporator and the low temperature heat pump working fluid from the condenser.
10. A multi-system coupled cogeneration method employing the multi-system coupled cogeneration system of any one of claims 1-9, comprising:
when the solar radiation is sufficient, the solar system provides electric energy and hot water for the user, and the membrane distillation system provides drinkable fresh water for the user;
when solar radiation is insufficient, the solar energy system provides partial electric energy and hot water for a user, the fuel cell system provides electric energy for the user, and the membrane distillation system provides drinkable fresh water for the user;
when solar radiation does not exist, the heat storage water tank provides hot water for a user, the fuel cell system provides electric energy for the user, and the membrane distillation system provides drinkable fresh water for the user.
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