CN114142791A - All-weather light-heat-electricity combined supply system for ship with multiple complementary functions - Google Patents
All-weather light-heat-electricity combined supply system for ship with multiple complementary functions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114142791A CN114142791A CN202111401507.4A CN202111401507A CN114142791A CN 114142791 A CN114142791 A CN 114142791A CN 202111401507 A CN202111401507 A CN 202111401507A CN 114142791 A CN114142791 A CN 114142791A
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- Prior art keywords
- energy
- heat
- water
- hydrogen
- gas
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Images
Classifications
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- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
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- F03D—WIND MOTORS
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Abstract
The invention provides an all-weather light-heat-electricity combined supply system for a ship with multi-energy complementation, which converts offshore wind energy, solar energy and wave energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy through energy storage equipment; the impeller is driven to rotate by sea surface waves, the mechanical energy of the impeller directly drives the high-pressure pump to pressurize the seawater, and the high-pressure seawater is pumped into a reverse osmosis membrane for desalination treatment and is introduced into a fresh water pool for storage; providing current input through a wind-light-wave power generation system, providing fresh water through a fresh water preparation system, preparing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water through an electrolytic bath, and storing the hydrogen and oxygen as reactants of a fuel cell through a gas storage device; and the electric energy and the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during working are utilized to carry out auxiliary power supply and heat supply for the ship. The invention gives full play to the advantages of offshore renewable energy sources, constructs a fresh water, heat energy and electric power integrated system of a large ship, realizes the cooperative utilization of offshore clean energy sources, and has good application prospect on large ships such as ocean freighters, polar region scientific research ships and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a multi-energy complementary all-weather light-heat-electricity combined supply system for ships.
Background
Since the 21 st century, the global ecological crisis is becoming more and more serious due to the massive use of traditional fossil energy, and the human urgent need to change the dominance of traditional fuel in the world energy system so as to reduce carbon emission and cope with climate change. The traditional power generation technology depends on converting chemical energy generated by coal combustion into mechanical energy and then converting the mechanical energy into electric energy, and the power generation technology has high carbon emission and serious pollution and can not meet the existing requirements.
Common power supply devices for marine power systems are diesel generator sets and storage battery packs. A large amount of greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and particulate matters are generated in the diesel combustion power generation process, so that the marine air is polluted, and the risk of leaking and polluting seawater is also caused. With the introduction of the "dual carbon" goal, coupled with the recent rise in diesel fuel prices, the marine industry is demanding to consider the use of clean energy as a source of electricity or power. And the reserves of renewable energy sources such as offshore wind energy, solar energy, wave energy and the like are rich, and if the offshore wind energy, solar energy, wave energy and the like can be combined with a new energy power generation technology, offshore abandoned wind, abandoned light and sea waves can be fully utilized, so that the marine ecological environment is protected, the ship operation cost is reduced, and the sustainable development of the environment in China is promoted.
Wind energy and solar energy are two representative renewable energy sources, and the conversion of wind energy and solar energy into electric energy by using a wind generating set and a photovoltaic generating set is a power generation technology actively promoted in various countries for energy crisis. With the rapid development of the scientific and technological level, the wind power generation technology can capture wind energy to the maximum extent by adjusting the pitch and the power rotation speed of a generator set, and the photovoltaic industry also develops a third-generation perovskite solar panel, so that the cost is greatly reduced while the power generation power and the electric energy quality are improved.
Wave energy is one of the main energy forms of ocean energy, and in the deep ocean far away from a coastline, the movement of ocean waves can generate huge energy, if the kinetic energy of ocean waves and the wave energy of other water surfaces can drive impellers to be converted into mechanical energy and then into other energy sources such as electric energy, the great importance is brought to the alleviation of energy crisis and the reduction of environmental pollution, and fresh water can be provided for sailors by combining the wave energy with a reverse osmosis seawater desalination technology, so that the ocean wave energy desalination method is a good technical route.
Hydrogen energy is regarded as the most promising clean energy source in the 21 st century, and can be used as a reactant of a fuel cell and a fuel of a hydrogen energy engine. There are several ways of hydrogen production, among which the electrolysis of water by renewable energy electric power is called "green hydrogen" technology, and in the current water electrolysis technology route, the system using PEM electrolyzer has low energy consumption, high product purity, low operation temperature, and the produced hydrogen purity can reach as high as 99.9%, which is an important development direction of "green hydrogen" production at present, and is very suitable for being used as a device for supplying hydrogen to fuel cells. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy generated by catalyzing hydrogen and air or oxygen into electric energy, and has the advantages of large specific energy, high energy conversion rate, low working temperature, zero emission, and the like. Therefore, the PEMFC can be widely applied as an auxiliary power generation device of a ship power system, and the heat generated in the operation process can be utilized in a gradient way by a heat supply system consisting of a hydrogen storage tank and a heat pump.
Application number CN201910914501.3 discloses a direct current networking system of a ship adopting a fuel cell and a ship applying the system, which utilizes electric energy converted from wind and light energy to electrolyze seawater to produce hydrogen and constructs a direct current networking system for the ship, the feasibility and stability of the direct electrolysis of the seawater to produce the hydrogen are not considered, and alternating current is also important for a ship load system and needs to be considered in a key way; application number CN201910869904.0 discloses a multi-energy complementary offshore energy integrated power generation system, which utilizes ocean temperature difference energy without considering the variation range of seawater temperature difference under different climates in different sea areas, which may affect the power quality of the power generation system and cause the fluctuation of the power grid; application number CN201110298031.6 discloses a tidal current energy and wave energy coupled power generation and desalination system, the application scene of the system is sea island or coast, the system cannot be well applied to moving ships, and the system only depends on ocean energy to generate power and produce fresh water without considering the conditions of small sea surface waves and no tide, and cannot realize multi-energy complementation; the application number CN202010345400.1 discloses a marine light stores up firewood hybrid energy power supply system and power supply method, its photovoltaic energy system is preferred to charge for energy storage battery and load power supply, when the photovoltaic energy is not enough again by diesel generator electricity generation supply load use, nevertheless still need rely on diesel generating set electricity generation completely when night or other no light condition, be unfavorable for the environmental protection requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide an all-weather light-heat-electricity combined supply system for a ship with multiple complementary energies, which utilizes the advantage of abundant reserves of offshore wind energy, solar energy and wave energy to minimize the adverse effects of different renewable energy sources on a power generation system in different time, space and weather, improves the operation efficiency of the system, brings a clean power system, a fresh water preparation system and a hot water supply system for the ship, maximally reduces energy waste and improves the utilization rate of clean energy sources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an all-weather light-heat-electricity combined supply system for a multi-energy complementary ship, which comprises a wind-light-wave power generation system, a light making system and a hydrogen energy-based heat-electricity combined supply system, wherein:
wind-light-wave power generation system: converting offshore wind energy, solar energy and wave energy into electric energy through an energy conversion device and storing the electric energy through energy storage equipment;
a system for producing light: the impeller is driven to rotate by sea surface waves, the high-pressure pump is directly driven by mechanical energy of the impeller to pressurize seawater, and the high-pressure seawater is pumped into the reverse osmosis membrane for desalination treatment and is introduced into the fresh water pool for storage;
the combined heat and power system based on hydrogen energy comprises: providing current input through a wind-light-wave power generation system, providing fresh water through a fresh water preparation system, preparing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water through an electrolytic bath, and storing the hydrogen and oxygen as reactants of a fuel cell through a gas storage device; the electric energy and the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during working are utilized to carry out auxiliary power supply and heat supply for the ship.
Further, the energy conversion device comprises a wind generating set, photovoltaic power generation equipment and a wave energy generating set, wherein the wind generating set adopts a vertical axis wind driven generator and is arranged on a deck at the tail part of the ship; the photovoltaic power generation equipment adopts a third-generation perovskite solar panel and is arranged in eight rows and five columns in the middle of a deck; the wave energy generator set adopts a direct-drive fan generator.
Further, three sets of power generation subsystems of the wind-light-wave power generation system cooperatively generate power according to weather changes, the generated power is controlled to move through a controller and a relay, and the power has three use modes, namely a mode one: electric energy is input into energy storage equipment after rectification, voltage regulation and voltage stabilization, and is finally merged into an alternating current power grid for load use through inversion; and a second mode: the electric energy is input as the electric energy of the electrolyzed water for preparing hydrogen and oxygen after rectification, pressure regulation and voltage stabilization; and a third mode: when the offshore energy is insufficient and the energy storage device is fully charged, the redundant electric energy output of the energy storage device is used as the electric energy input of the electrolyzed water for preparing hydrogen and oxygen.
Furthermore, the desalination system rotates under the drive of sea waves through an impeller, the rotating speed is increased through a flow guide cover to drive a high-pressure pump to work, the high-pressure pump filters seawater through a filter and pumps the filtered seawater into a reverse osmosis membrane water inlet, the seawater enters a membrane group to be desalinated, and the produced fresh water is introduced into a fresh water pool to be stored.
Further, the cogeneration system based on hydrogen energy comprises an electrolytic water unit, a gas storage unit, a fuel cell unit and a water source heat pump unit.
Furthermore, the water electrolysis unit uses a PEM electrolytic tank as hydrogen production equipment, the anode and the cathode of the water electrolysis unit are connected with a controller, and the electric energy input is respectively from a wind-light-wave power generation system and energy storage equipment; the water electrolyzed by the PEM electrolyzer has two input paths: firstly, water in a fresh water tank is gasified and introduced through a filter valve, a deionizer and an ejector, and secondly, liquid water separated by a gas-water separation device is gasified and then sprayed; and hydrogen and oxygen obtained by the electrolysis of the PEM electrolysis cell enter the gas storage device through the gas-water separation device and the drying device for storage and standby.
Further, the gas storage unit uses an oxygen storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank, and controls the gas flow direction of hydrogen and oxygen through a gas flowmeter, a three-way valve, an air compressor, a pressure gauge and a controller, and the hydrogen storage tank adopts a metal oxide hydrogen storage tank.
Furthermore, the fuel cell unit is formed by connecting five proton exchange membrane fuel cells with rated power of 5kW and rated voltage of 48V in parallel to form a galvanic pile, and the galvanic pile is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet for receiving hydrogen and oxygen to form a liquid cooling heat exchange cycle; the electric pile is used for collecting the generated electric energy into an alternating current power grid for load use through a DC-DC boosting device and a DC-AC inversion device; a pressure meter and a gas pump are arranged at a gas outlet of the fuel cell stack and used for conveying redundant reaction gas carrying water vapor back to a gas inlet; the cooling plate of the fuel cell stack adopts a serpentine channel, and a plurality of concave structures are respectively processed at the bottom of the channel at equal intervals for enhancing heat exchange.
Furthermore, the fuel cell unit and the gas storage unit form a cooling water circulation system, waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack is utilized to provide heat required by hydrogen discharge reaction for the metal oxide hydrogen storage tank, a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell is connected with a cooling water inlet of the metal oxide hydrogen storage tank, cooling water flowing out of the hydrogen storage tank is cooled by the heat dissipation device, and then the cooling water is introduced into the evaporation heat exchange device to provide an auxiliary heat source for the water source heat pump unit.
Furthermore, the water source heat pump unit comprises an evaporation heat exchange device, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion valve, the water source heat pump unit absorbs heat in the evaporation heat exchange device through R134a to become low-temperature low-pressure gas, the low-temperature low-pressure gas is compressed by the compressor to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, the high-temperature high-pressure gas absorbs heat through the condenser to become low-temperature high-pressure liquid, and the low-temperature high-pressure liquid is finally decompressed by an expansion valve to become low-temperature low-pressure liquid and is conveyed back to the evaporation heat exchange device, wherein a condenser pipe in the condenser is immersed in a hot water tank to heat domestic water; the evaporation heat exchange device is a plate heat exchanger and is a coupling heat exchange place of a cooling water circulation system and a water source heat pump unit, and a working medium R134a of the latter and cooling water of the former respectively flow to the next stage after heat exchange in a heat conduction mode.
Has the advantages that: the invention integrates and utilizes various renewable energy sources on the sea by a new energy power generation technology, improves the resource utilization rate, and greatly reduces the influence of the occupation ratio of different renewable energy sources in different time, space and climate on a power generation system. The invention takes the problem of insufficient fresh water when a ship sails at ocean into consideration, the wave energy is utilized to provide the fresh water preparation system, the domestic water is provided for the crew, the prepared fresh water also provides reactants for the electrolytic cell, and the problem of pollutants generated by directly electrolyzing seawater is solved. The invention carries out cascade utilization on the waste heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell, not only improves the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage tank, but also provides domestic hot water for the crew, and ensures that the efficiency of the combined heat and power supply system based on the hydrogen energy reaches the highest. The invention applies the cooling channel with a novel structure on the fuel cell cooling plate, enhances the heat dissipation effect of the galvanic pile and improves the overall efficiency of the heating system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a topological diagram of an all-weather combined light-heat-power system for a ship with multiple energy complementation according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the heating system of the all-weather combined light-heat-power system for ships according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell cooling plate structure of an all-weather combined light-heat-power system for a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Example 1
Referring to FIGS. 1-3: an all-weather light-heat-electricity combined supply system for a multi-energy complementary ship, which comprises a wind-light-wave power generation system, a light making system and a hydrogen energy-based heat-electricity combined supply system, wherein:
wind-light-wave power generation system: converting offshore wind energy, solar energy and wave energy into electric energy through an energy conversion device and storing the electric energy through energy storage equipment;
a system for producing light: the impeller is driven to rotate by sea surface waves, the high-pressure pump is directly driven by the mechanical energy of the impeller to pressurize the seawater, and the high-pressure seawater is pumped into the reverse osmosis membrane for desalination treatment and is introduced into the fresh water pool for storage;
the combined heat and power system based on hydrogen energy comprises: providing current input through a wind-light-wave power generation system, providing fresh water through a fresh water preparation system, preparing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water through an electrolytic bath, and storing the hydrogen and oxygen as reactants of a fuel cell through a gas storage device; the electric energy and the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during working are utilized to carry out auxiliary power supply and heat supply for the ship.
The embodiment gives full play to the advantages of offshore renewable energy sources, constructs a large-scale ship fresh water, heat energy and power integrated system, and the wind-light-wave power generation system generates power by using the offshore renewable energy sources and realizes the storage of electric energy; the desalination system desalinates seawater by means of sea wave kinetic energy and a high-pressure reverse osmosis technology; the hydrogen energy-based combined heat and power system can utilize the redundant electric energy of the power generation system to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, can start the fuel cell when the power supply of the ship is insufficient, and simultaneously performs cascade utilization on the waste heat of the fuel cell to provide domestic hot water for sailors. The embodiment realizes the cooperative utilization of marine clean energy, realizes auxiliary power supply and heat supply through the fuel cell, has extremely low total energy consumption of the system, can be installed on large ships such as ocean cargo ships and polar region scientific research ships, and has good application prospect.
In a specific example, the energy conversion device comprises a wind generating set, a photovoltaic generating set and a wave energy generating set, wherein the wind generating set adopts a vertical axis wind generator and is arranged on a deck at the tail of a ship; the photovoltaic generator set adopts a third-generation perovskite solar panel and is arranged in eight rows and five columns in the middle of a deck; the wave energy generator set adopts a direct-drive fan generator.
In specific implementation, four wind power generators, forty solar panels and one set of 20kW wave energy direct-drive power generation system are used in the embodiment, three sets of power generation subsystems generate power cooperatively according to weather variation, generated electric energy is input into an energy storage battery after being rectified, voltage-regulated and voltage-stabilized, and finally is converted into an alternating current power grid for load use.
In a specific example, three sets of power generation subsystems of the wind-light-wave power generation system cooperatively generate power according to weather changes, the generated power is controlled by a controller and a relay to move, and the power has three use modes, wherein the mode is as follows: electric energy is input into energy storage equipment after rectification, voltage regulation and voltage stabilization, and is finally merged into an alternating current power grid for load use through inversion; and a second mode: the electric energy is input as the electric energy for electrolyzing water for preparing hydrogen and oxygen after rectification, pressure regulation and voltage stabilization; and a third mode: when the offshore energy is insufficient and the energy storage device is fully charged, the redundant electric energy output of the energy storage device is used as the electric energy input of the electrolyzed water for preparing hydrogen and oxygen.
It should be noted that one of the energy storage devices in this embodiment is a 48V 200Ah lithium battery pack, and when the energy source on the sea is insufficient and the electric energy of the lithium battery pack is sufficient, the surplus electric energy after the battery pack is fully charged can be directly used for hydrogen production by electrolyzing water.
In a specific example, the desalination system is driven by sea waves through an impeller to rotate, the rotating speed is increased through a diversion cover to drive a high-pressure pump to work, the high-pressure pump pumps filtered seawater into a water inlet of a reverse osmosis membrane, the seawater enters a membrane group to be desalinated, and produced fresh water is introduced into a fresh water pool to be stored.
In a specific example, the hydrogen energy-based cogeneration system includes an electrolyzed water unit, a gas storage unit, a fuel cell unit, and a water source heat pump unit.
In a specific example, the water electrolysis unit uses a PEM electrolyzer as a hydrogen production device, the anode and the cathode of the PEM electrolyzer are connected with a controller, and the electric energy input is respectively from a wind-light-wave power generation system and an energy storage device; the water electrolyzed by the PEM electrolyzer has two input paths: firstly, water in the fresh water tank is gasified and introduced through a filter valve, a deionizer and an injector, and secondly, liquid water separated by a gas-water separation device is gasified and then sprayed; and hydrogen and oxygen obtained by the electrolysis of the PEM electrolyzer enter the gas storage device through the gas-water separation device and the drying device for storage and standby.
In a specific example, the gas storage unit uses an oxygen storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank, and controls the gas flow direction of hydrogen and oxygen through a gas flow meter, a three-way valve, an air compressor, a pressure gauge and a controller, wherein the hydrogen storage tank adopts a metal oxide hydrogen storage tank.
The metal oxide hydrogen storage tank of the embodiment has the characteristics of large storage capacity, low cost, high safety, good cyclability and the like, and is very suitable for a large-scale ship hydrogen storage system with personnel activities.
In a specific example, the fuel cell unit is formed by arranging five proton exchange membrane fuel cells with rated power of 5kW and rated voltage of 48V in parallel to form a galvanic pile, and the galvanic pile is provided with a gas inlet and a cooling water outlet for receiving hydrogen and oxygen to form a liquid cooling heat exchange cycle; the electric pile is used for collecting the generated electric energy into an alternating current power grid for load use through a DC-DC boosting device and a DC-AC inversion device; the gas outlet of the galvanic pile of the fuel cell is provided with a pressure gauge and a gas pump which are used for conveying redundant reaction gas carrying water vapor back to the gas inlet, so that the galvanic pile does not need an additional humidifying device; a cooling plate of the fuel cell stack adopts a serpentine channel 101, and a plurality of concave structures 102 are respectively machined at the bottom of the channel at equal intervals and used for enhancing heat exchange.
The sunk structure among the cooling plate cooling channel of this embodiment has strengthened the disturbance effect to the cooling water to strengthened cooling plate heat transfer ability, the extra loss of system that the too big belt of minimize channel pressure loss simultaneously, the effect is good in the actual operation, has improved galvanic pile thermal management efficiency.
In a specific example, the fuel cell unit and the gas storage unit form a cooling water circulation system, waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack is utilized to provide heat required by hydrogen discharge reaction for the metal oxide hydrogen storage tank, a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell is connected with a cooling water inlet of the metal oxide hydrogen storage tank, cooling water flowing out of the hydrogen storage tank is firstly cooled by the heat dissipation device, and then is introduced into the evaporation heat exchange device 1 to provide an auxiliary heat source for the water source heat pump unit.
In a specific example, the water source heat pump unit includes an evaporation heat exchange device 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3 and an expansion valve 4, the water source heat pump unit absorbs heat in the evaporation heat exchange device 1 through R134a to become low-temperature low-pressure gas, the low-temperature low-pressure gas is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure gas through the compressor 2, the high-temperature high-pressure gas absorbs heat through the condenser 3 to become low-temperature high-pressure liquid, and the low-temperature high-pressure liquid is finally decompressed by the expansion valve 4 to become low-temperature low-pressure liquid and is conveyed back to the evaporation heat exchange device 1, wherein a condenser pipe in the condenser 3 is immersed in a hot water tank to heat domestic water, the evaporation heat exchange device 1 is a plate heat exchanger and is a coupling heat exchange place of a cooling water circulation system and the water source heat pump unit, and a working medium R134a of the latter and cooling water of the former respectively flow to the next stage after heat exchange in a heat conduction manner.
The basic working principle of the invention is as follows: the main energy input of the invention is offshore wind energy, solar energy and wave energy, and the energy storage equipment comprises a lithium battery pack and a PEMFC pile; the fresh water-heat-electricity combined supply system is a fresh water, hot water and electric power combined supply system, and the system implementation method is simply to charge a lithium battery by using wind energy, solar energy and wave energy; electrolyzing water to prepare hydrogen by utilizing wind energy, solar energy, wave energy and electric energy output by a lithium battery; the lithium battery pack and the PEMFC pile are used for providing alternating current for the load on the ship, so that the power supply of the ship is guaranteed; the wave energy is utilized to drive the impeller to rotate, and the high-pressure pump is driven to pump seawater into the reverse osmosis membrane to obtain fresh water; the waste heat generated in the running process of the PEMFC pile is used for providing the heat required by the hydrogen discharge reaction for the metal oxide hydrogen storage tank; and the waste heat of the cooled cooling water is used as a water source of the water source heat pump system to heat fresh water.
It should be noted that "all-weather" as used in the present invention means that the system has the ability to cope with the weather and day-night changes of the maritime environment. When a ship sails in the daytime, four main weathers of sunny wind, sunny no-wind, rainy wind and rainy no-wind can be met, and when the ship sails at night, two weathers of rainy wind and rainy no-wind can be met. The clear definition is the minimum illumination intensity which can enable the solar panel to normally exert the photovoltaic effect to output stable electric energy; the wind is defined as the minimum wind force which enables the wind generating set to operate effectively and output stable electric energy, and the wave energy is sufficient under the wind condition by default. The following will explain in detail the method of use and the principle explanation of the all-weather operation of the system of the present invention with reference to fig. 1.
When the weather is clear and wind exists, the power generation system is in a full-power operation state. Alternating current output by the wind generating set is input into the controller 1 after being rectified by AC-DC, and direct current output by the photovoltaic power generation equipment and the wave energy generating set is input into the controller 1 after being regulated by DC-DC. The controller is connected with relay 1, relay 2, relay 3 respectively, and when the electric energy of lithium cell group was not enough, relay 1, 3 disconnection, relay 2 closure charged lithium cell group. When the electric energy of the lithium battery pack is sufficient, the relays 2 and 3 are switched off, the relay 1 is switched on, and direct current is provided for the PEM electrolytic tank to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. When the ship is overloaded and the lithium battery pack cannot supply sufficient electric energy, the controller 2 controls the three-way valve 1 to be opened, the air compressor runs, and the electric energy output by the PEMFC pile provides alternating current for the load after pressure regulation, voltage stabilization and inversion.
When the weather is clear and calm, the power generation system is in a half-power operation state, and only the photovoltaic power generation system charges the lithium battery pack or supplies power to the electrolytic cell. At the moment, the electric quantity of the lithium battery pack can be ensured to be sufficient, and alternating current is provided for the load through the lithium battery pack and the PEMFC.
When weather is overcast and rainy and windy, the wind generating set and the wave energy generating set jointly supply power, the lithium battery pack can be ensured to be in a full-power state, and alternating current is provided for a load through the lithium battery pack and the PEMFC.
When the weather is overcast and rainy and no wind, the power generation system is in a stop operation state, and the lithium battery pack and the PEMFC pile can be used for providing alternating current for the load under the condition that the basic power supply of the ship is normal. And if the lithium battery pack is also in a feeding state, the PEMFC pile is used as an emergency power supply to continuously supply power for necessary communication equipment on the ship.
The importance of fresh water as a necessary material for ocean-going navigation of large ships is self-evident. When the weather is sunny and windy, and rainy and windy, the high-pressure reverse osmosis technology can be used for desalinating seawater; when the weather is rainy and windless, the rainwater collector can be used for collecting fresh water; when the weather is sunny and calm, the solar panel can be used for heat collection to evaporate seawater to prepare fresh water for emergency.
The heating system can be started only when the temperature at sea is lower than 10 ℃, and at the moment, the fresh water can be heated by utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell as long as enough hydrogen storage capacity exists under the four conditions.
The specific implementation method of the heating system is shown in figure 2. The normal operating temperature range of PEMFC stacks is 60-95 ℃, which needs to be thermally managed to ensure stable current output. The metal oxide hydrogen storage tank needs to absorb heat during hydrogen discharge reaction, and the temperature is usually 30 ℃ to 80 ℃, so the metal oxide hydrogen storage tank can be heated by using cooling water of the PEMFC pile. In order to meet the requirement of providing a low-grade heat source for the water source heat pump unit, a cooling water heat dissipation device is arranged between the hydrogen storage tank and the evaporation heat exchange device.
The cooling water circulation system includes: the fuel cell comprises a fuel cell cooling plate, a copper heat exchange tube, a water pump, a metal oxide hydrogen storage tank heat exchange tube and a heat dissipation device.
The principle of the cooling water circulation system is as follows: the temperature of cooling water discharged from the fuel cell cooling plate is 65-90 ℃, cooling water is pumped into the spiral heat exchange tube wound on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank by a water pump to promote hydrogen release, the output end of the heat exchange tube of the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the input end of the heat dissipation device, the cooling water is cooled by a fan, and then the cooling water flows back to the fuel cell cooling plate after being introduced into the evaporation heat exchange device to exchange heat with R134 a.
The evaporation heat exchange device is a plate heat exchanger and is a coupling heat exchange place of a cooling water circulation system and a water source heat pump unit, and a working medium R134a of the latter and cooling water of the former respectively flow to the next stage after heat exchange in a heat conduction mode. The water source heat pump system in the last step adopts R134a as a working medium, and cooling water as a water source containing a low-grade heat source, and the cooling water respectively passes through an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and then returns to the evaporator.
The principle of the water source heat pump system is as follows: the low-temperature low-pressure liquid working medium flows through the evaporator to absorb the heat of cooling water, is gasified into a low-temperature low-pressure working medium, and then is converted into a high-temperature high-pressure gaseous working medium through the compressor. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium exchanges heat with fresh water through a condensation pipe inserted into the water, absorbs heat, liquefies R134a, and then is decompressed through an expansion valve and flows into the evaporator again. The water source heat pump system continuously absorbs heat from the upper cooling water circulation system and heats water at one side of the condensing pipe.
One of the most important devices in a cogeneration system based on hydrogen energy is a fuel cell stack. Fuel cells are classified by their operation mechanism into Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC), and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). Considering that the application scene of the invention is ship, it is suitable to adopt the proton exchange membrane fuel cell with high safety performance, low working temperature and large output power as the energy storage device.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the working principle that: hydrogen and oxygen (air) are respectively introduced into the anode and the cathode, the hydrogen loses electrons to be changed into hydrogen ions through the diffusion layer, the microporous layer and the catalyst layer in sequence, then the hydrogen passes through the proton exchange membrane to reach the triple junction of the cathode catalyst layer to generate oxidation-reduction reaction with the oxygen under the action of the catalyst, protons are transferred inside the battery through the exchange membrane, and the electrons are transferred from the anode to the cathode through an external load. The chemical equation of the whole electrode reaction is as follows, and it can be seen that the reaction generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is actually the reverse reaction of the electrolyzed water.
Anode: h2→2H++2e-
Cathode: 1/2O2+2H++2e-→H2O
And (3) total reaction: h2+1/2O2→H2O
In order to improve the efficiency of the cogeneration system, the present invention also utilizes a novel fuel cell cooling plate in the system, the structure of which is shown in fig. 3. The cooling channel adopts serpentine channel, and a plurality of sunk structures are processed at the bottom of the channel at equal intervals respectively, so that the disturbance effect on cooling water is enhanced, the heat exchange capacity of the cooling plate is enhanced, and the extra loss of the system caused by too large pressure loss of the channel is reduced as much as possible. The effect is good in actual operation.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. An all-weather combined light-heat-power system for a multi-energy complementary ship, which is characterized by comprising a wind-light-wave power generation system, a light-producing system and a combined heat and power system based on hydrogen energy, wherein:
wind-light-wave power generation system: converting offshore wind energy, solar energy and wave energy into electric energy through an energy conversion device and storing the electric energy through energy storage equipment;
a system for producing light: the impeller is driven to rotate by sea surface waves, the mechanical energy of the impeller directly drives the high-pressure pump to pressurize the seawater, and the high-pressure seawater is pumped into the reverse osmosis membrane to be desalinated and is introduced into the fresh water pool to be stored;
the combined heat and power system based on hydrogen energy comprises: providing current input through a wind-light-wave power generation system, providing fresh water through a fresh water preparation system, preparing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water through an electrolytic bath, and storing the hydrogen and oxygen as reactants of a fuel cell through a gas storage device; and the electric energy and the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during working are utilized to carry out auxiliary power supply and heat supply for the ship.
2. The all-weather combined thin-heat-power system for ships according to claim 1, wherein the energy conversion device comprises a wind generating set, a photovoltaic power generation device and a wave energy generating set, the wind generating set adopts a vertical axis wind driven generator and is installed on a deck at the tail of the ship; the photovoltaic power generation equipment adopts a third-generation perovskite solar panel and is arranged in eight rows and five columns in the middle of a deck; the wave energy generator set adopts a direct-drive fan generator.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the three sets of power generation subsystems of the wind-light-wave power generation system cooperatively generate power according to weather changes, the generated power is controlled by a controller and a relay to run, and the power has three usage modes, i.e. a mode one: electric energy is input into energy storage equipment after rectification, voltage regulation and voltage stabilization, and is finally merged into an alternating current power grid for load use through inversion; and a second mode: after rectification, voltage regulation and voltage stabilization, the electric energy is used as the electric energy input of the electrolytic cell for preparing hydrogen and oxygen; and a third mode: when the offshore energy is insufficient and the energy storage equipment is fully charged, the redundant electric energy output of the energy storage equipment is used as the electric energy input of the electrolytic cell for preparing hydrogen and oxygen.
4. The multi-energy complementary all-weather combined desalination-heating-power supply system for the ships as claimed in claim 1, wherein the desalination system is driven by sea waves through an impeller to rotate, a diversion cover is used for increasing the rotating speed to drive a high-pressure pump to work, the high-pressure pump pumps filtered seawater into a reverse osmosis membrane water inlet, the seawater enters a membrane group to be desalinated, and produced fresh water is introduced into a fresh water pool to be stored.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the cogeneration system comprises an electrolysis water unit, a gas storage unit, a fuel cell unit, and a water source heat pump unit.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the water electrolysis unit uses PEM electrolyzer as hydrogen production equipment, the positive and negative electrodes of which are connected to a controller, and the electric energy input is from wind-light-wave power generation system and energy storage equipment; the water electrolyzed by the PEM electrolyzer has two input routes: firstly, water in a fresh water tank is gasified and introduced through a filter valve, a deionizer and an ejector; secondly, the liquid water separated by the gas-water separation device is gasified and then sprayed; and hydrogen and oxygen obtained by the electrolysis of the PEM electrolyzer enter the gas storage device through the gas-water separation device and the drying device for storage and standby.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the gas storage unit uses an oxygen tank and a hydrogen tank, and controls the gas flow direction of hydrogen and oxygen through a gas flow meter, a three-way valve, an air compressor, a pressure gauge and a controller, and the hydrogen tank uses a metal oxide hydrogen tank.
8. The all-weather combined thin-heat-power system for ships according to claim 5, wherein the fuel cell unit is formed by arranging five proton exchange membrane fuel cells with rated power of 5kW and rated voltage of 48V in parallel to form a galvanic pile, and the galvanic pile is provided with a gas inlet and a cooling water outlet for receiving hydrogen and oxygen to form a liquid cooling heat exchange cycle; the electric pile is used for collecting the generated electric energy into an alternating current power grid for load use through a DC-DC boosting device and a DC-AC inversion device; a pressure meter and a gas pump are arranged at a gas outlet of the electric pile of the fuel cell and are used for conveying redundant reaction gas carrying water vapor back to a gas inlet; a cooling plate of the fuel cell stack adopts a serpentine channel (101), and a plurality of concave structures (102) are respectively machined at equal intervals at the bottom of the channel and used for enhancing heat exchange.
9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the fuel cell unit and the gas storage unit form a cooling water circulation system, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack is used to provide heat required by the hydrogen discharge reaction for the metal oxide hydrogen storage tank, the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the cooling water inlet of the metal oxide hydrogen storage tank, and the cooling water flowing out of the hydrogen storage tank is first cooled by the heat dissipation device and then introduced into the evaporation heat exchange device (1) to provide an auxiliary heat source for the water source heat pump unit.
10. The all-weather combined thin-heat-electricity supply system for the ship with the multi-energy complementation function according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the water source heat pump unit comprises an evaporation heat exchange device (1), a compressor (2), a condenser (3) and an expansion valve (4), the water source heat pump unit absorbs heat in the evaporation heat exchange device (1) through R134a to become low-temperature low-pressure gas, the low-temperature low-pressure gas is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure gas through the compressor (2), the high-temperature high-pressure gas absorbs heat through the condenser (3) to become low-temperature high-pressure liquid, the low-temperature low-pressure liquid is finally decompressed through the expansion valve (4) and is conveyed back to the evaporation heat exchange device (1), a condenser pipe in the condenser (3) is immersed in a hot water pool to heat domestic water, the evaporation heat exchange device (1) is a plate heat exchanger, and is used for heat exchange between a cooling water circulation system and a coupling place of the water source heat pump unit, the working medium R134a of the latter and the cooling water of the former flow to the next stage respectively after heat exchange in a heat conduction mode.
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