CN117602982A - Preparation method of reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000117280 Naematelia aurantialba Species 0.000 claims description 15
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 10
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000222357 Trametes hirsuta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012028 Fenton's reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108700022290 poly(gamma-glutamic acid) Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000934878 Sterculia Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021282 Sterculia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940059107 sterculia Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 anionic amino acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001448 anionic polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017858 demethylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010520 demethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer, and relates to the technical field of agricultural organic fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of reed, preparation of organic fertilizer from reed treatment waste liquid, and preparation of reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer. According to the invention, reed is used as a raw material, lignin is effectively removed from reed in a mode of combining twin-screw extrusion with potassium hydroxide treatment and Fenton reagent treatment, the removal rate is not less than 81%, the structure of reed fiber is destroyed, the porosity and specific surface area of reed slag after treatment are increased, and the loading of organic fertilizer and the coating of water retention synergist in the subsequent process are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural organic fertilizers, in particular to a preparation method of a reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer.
Background
The application of chemical fertilizer in China is a large agricultural country, and the yield of crops is obviously increased. However, the traditional fertilizer has the advantages of high nutrient release rate, low utilization rate, and excessive and unreasonable fertilizer application, so that the agricultural production cost is increased, the resource waste is caused, and the environmental pollution and the food safety problem are caused. In addition, the agricultural water occupies a large proportion of the total water consumption in China, and the problems of resource shortage, serious waste, low utilization efficiency and the like are faced. The slow-release organic fertilizer is considered to replace the traditional fertilizer in an important direction, so that the fertilizer usage amount can be reduced, the nutrient utilization rate can be improved, and the yield and income of crops can be promoted.
Reed is widely distributed in non-cultivated land environments such as lakes and wetlands in China, has the characteristics of natural wild, no pesticide residue, extremely low heavy metal content, no need of manual management, low planting cost and the like, has the annual output of more than 220 ten thousand tons, and is abandoned or burnt in most cases, so that pollution is caused. How to efficiently utilize waste resources such as reed becomes a difficult problem to be solved.
Polyglutamic acid (gamma-PGA) is an anionic amino acid polymer with super-strong water absorbability, good adsorptivity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. The gamma-PGA can be used as a water-retaining agent for maintaining the moisture in the soil and slowing down the moisture loss, the absorption multiple of the gamma-PGA to the moisture of the soil is between 30 and 80 times, and the water extract has certain water retention and slow release effects; the gamma-PGA can be used as a soil conditioner for improving physical and chemical properties of soil, promoting crop growth, and simultaneously can be used as a fertilizer slow release synergist for achieving the effects of fertilizer saving and yield increase.
At present, the slow release fertilizer in the market has a plurality of varieties, but in practical application, the use amount of the slow release fertilizer accounts for less than 15% of the total application amount of the fertilizer, and especially the organic slow release fertilizer always faces the technical bottleneck: the production cost is high, the modification/activation treatment measures are limited, the efficacy is single, the slow release carrier is not stable in construction, the slow release mechanism is not clear, and the effect of a single active organic matter is difficult to fertilize.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, namely the problems proposed by the background technology, the invention provides a preparation method of a reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer, which comprises the following specific technical scheme:
the preparation method of the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Reed treatment: cutting reed into 5-10cm segments after impurity removal, adding water according to the proportion of 30% (w/v) of solid content, mixing, treating by using a double-screw kneading impregnator, adding 50% potassium hydroxide according to the proportion of potassium hydroxide (g)/dry reed (g) =0.2-0.6 in a third stage treatment area of equipment by using a metering pump, and transferring the treated reed to a reaction kettle for heat preservation at 90-120 ℃ for 1-3 h;
adding reed treated by the method into the reaction solution, adjusting the pH to 3-4 by oxalic acid, treating 1 h at 30 ℃, adjusting the pH to 7-8 by potassium hydroxide, standing for 0.5 h, and performing solid-liquid separation by using a centrifuge;
(2) Preparing an organic fertilizer: transferring the waste liquid obtained by centrifugal separation into a reaction kettle, adding titanium dioxide according to the proportion of 0.05-0.15% (w/v), and stirring at the speed of 150 r/min for 1 h at the temperature of 60-90 ℃;
cooling the treated waste liquid to room temperature, adding mycelium fermentation liquid of Tremella Aurantialba and Coriolus hirsutus, stirring at 150 r/min for 2 h at room temperature, and concentrating under reduced pressure until solid content is more than or equal to 60%;
(3) Preparing reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer: adding the solid reed slag obtained by centrifugal separation in the step (1) into 0.5-2% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, stirring for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 150 r/min in a reaction kettle, and carrying out solid-liquid separation by using a centrifugal machine;
and (3) fully mixing the separated solid reed slag with the concentrated waste liquid obtained in the step (2), adding 1-3% of polyglutamic acid, and performing spray drying to obtain the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer.
Further, in the step (1), the ratio of potassium hydroxide (g)/dry reed (g) is 0.4, and the reaction condition of the reaction kettle is that the temperature is kept at 110 ℃ for 2 h.
Further, in the step (1), the reaction solution is a mixture of ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide, wherein the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 5-15 mmol/L, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.6-1.2 mol/L, and the ratio of reed to the reaction solution is 1:10 (w/v).
Further, in the step (1), the concentration of the ferrous sulfate is 8 mmol/L, and the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 0.96 mol/L.
Further, in the step (2), the adding amount of the titanium dioxide is 0.1%, and the reaction temperature is 90 ℃; the ratio of the waste liquid to the fermentation liquor is 80:1.
Further, in the step (2), the culture mode of the mycelium fermentation liquid of the tremella aurantialba and the tourette fungus is as follows: preparing culture medium according to the proportion of 3% of bran, 2% of sucrose, 1% of corn meal, 0.5% of soybean peptone, 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, filling into a 5L reaction container, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min, respectively inoculating tremella aurantialba and tourette fungus into the reaction container, culturing at 22 ℃ for 7 days by using a shaking table 180 r/min to obtain mycelium fermentation broth.
Further, in the step (3), the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution is 1%, and the addition ratio of the polyglutamic acid is 2%.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, reed is used as a raw material, lignin is effectively removed from reed in a mode of combining twin-screw extrusion with potassium hydroxide treatment and Fenton reagent treatment, the removal rate is not less than 81%, the structure of reed fiber is destroyed, the porosity and specific surface area of reed slag after treatment are increased, and the loading of organic fertilizer and the coating of water retention synergist in the subsequent process are facilitated.
The waste liquid after the physical and chemical reaction synergistic treatment of reed has a large amount of organic matters mainly comprising lignin and derivatives thereof, the organic matters have a large amount of active groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, methoxy and the like, have strong adsorption and complexation effects on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and some microelements, have good slow release performance and soil improvement effects, and the waste liquid is further treated by adopting a catalytic oxidation and biological modification method, so that various bonds can be broken, depolymerization, decarboxylation, demethylation and the like of lignin are caused, and the waste liquid contains micromolecular fulvic acid-like substances, and the natural active substances can be used as slow release fertilizers to improve soil fertilizer efficiency, promote crop growth and improve crop yield.
The invention also utilizes a cationic surfactant Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) to carry out surface modification on the treated reed slag to prepare the cationic reed fiber slow-release fertilizer carrier, utilizes technologies such as dipping and encapsulation and the like to combine the waste liquid organic fertilizer and the anionic polyelectrolyte polyglutamic acid, organically combines the humic acid organic fertilizer-water retention synergist-slow-release carrier, realizes the preparation of the reed-based water retention slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer, is beneficial to solving the problems of the utilization of waste resources such as reed and excessive use of fertilizer in rural agriculture, gets rid of the application situations of expensive price and secondary pollution of the slow-release fertilizer, and promotes the substitution of the water retention slow-release organic fertilizer to the traditional fertilizer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the invention for preparing reed-based water-retaining slow release synergistic organic fertilizer.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) The reed treatment method comprises the following steps:
a. cutting reed into 5-10cm small sections after impurity removal, adding water according to the proportion of 30% (w/v) of solid content, mixing, treating by using a double-screw kneading impregnator, adding 50% potassium hydroxide according to the proportion of 0.2 g (potassium hydroxide)/g (dry reed) in a third-section treatment area of the equipment by using a metering pump, and transferring the treated reed to a reaction kettle for heat preservation at 90 ℃ for 3 h.
b. Adding reed treated by the method into reaction solution (FeSO) 4 Is 5 mmol/L, H 2 O 2 The concentration of (2) was 0.6 mol/L), the pH of oxalic acid was adjusted to 3-4, the ratio of reed to the reaction solution was 1:10 (w/v), after treatment at 30℃for 1 h, the pH was adjusted to 7-8 with potassium hydroxide, and after standing for 0.5 h, solid-liquid separation was performed using a centrifuge.
(2) The method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the reed treatment waste liquid comprises the following steps:
a. transferring the waste liquid obtained by centrifugal separation in the step (1) into a reaction kettle, adding titanium dioxide according to the proportion of 0.05% (w/v), and treating 1 h at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the stirring rotation speed of 150 r/min.
b. After the temperature of the treated waste liquid is reduced to room temperature, adding mycelium fermentation liquid of the tremella aurantialba and the sterculia hirsutum, wherein the ratio of the waste liquid to the fermentation liquid is 100:1, stirring at the room temperature at the rotation speed of 150 r/min, treating 2 h, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the solid content is more than or equal to 60%.
The mycelium fermentation liquid culture mode of the tremella aurantialba and the tourette fungus is as follows: preparing culture medium according to 3% of bran, 2% of sucrose, 1% of corn meal, 0.5% of soybean peptone, 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, loading into a 5L reaction container, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min, respectively inoculating tremella aurantialba and tourette fungus into the reaction container, culturing at 22 ℃ in a shaking table 180 r/min for 7 days.
(3) The preparation method of the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
a. and (3) adding the solid reed slag obtained by centrifugal separation in the step (1) into a 0.5% CTAB solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, stirring at the rotating speed of 150 r/min in a reaction kettle, treating 4h, and carrying out solid-liquid separation by using a centrifugal machine.
b. And (2) fully mixing the separated solid reed slag with the concentrated waste liquid obtained in the step (2), adding 1% (w/v) polyglutamic acid, and then performing spray drying to obtain the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer, wherein the organic matter content is 91.1%, the fulvic acid content is 37.2%, the water absorption rate is 68.6%, and the accumulated total nitrogen release rate in 28 days is 74.1%.
Example 2
(1) The reed treatment method comprises the following steps:
a. cutting reed into 5-10cm segments after removing impurities, adding water according to the solid content of 30% (w/v), mixing, treating by using a double screw kneading impregnator, adding 50% potassium hydroxide according to the proportion of 0.4 g (potassium hydroxide)/g (dry reed) in a third stage treatment area of the equipment by using a metering pump, and transferring the treated reed to a reaction kettle for heat preservation at 110 ℃ for 2 h.
b. Adding reed treated by the method into reaction solution (FeSO) 4 Is 8 mmol/L, H 2 O 2 The concentration of (2) was 0.96 mol/L), the pH of oxalic acid was adjusted to 3-4, the ratio of reed to reaction solution was 1:10 (w/v), after treatment at 30℃for 1 h, the pH was adjusted to 7-8 with potassium hydroxide, and after standing for 0.5 h, solid-liquid separation was performed using a centrifuge.
(2) The method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the reed treatment waste liquid comprises the following steps:
a. transferring the waste liquid obtained by centrifugal separation in the step (1) into a reaction kettle, adding titanium dioxide according to the proportion of 0.15% (w/v), and treating 1 h at the temperature of 90 ℃ and the stirring rotation speed of 150 r/min.
b. After the temperature of the treated waste liquid is reduced to room temperature, adding mycelium fermentation liquid of the tremella aurantialba and the sterculia hirsutum, wherein the ratio of the waste liquid to the fermentation liquid is 80:1, stirring at the room temperature at the rotation speed of 150 r/min, treating 2 h, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the solid content is more than or equal to 60%.
The mycelium fermentation liquid culture mode of the tremella aurantialba and the tourette fungus is as follows: preparing culture medium according to 3% of bran, 2% of sucrose, 1% of corn meal, 0.5% of soybean peptone, 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, loading into a 5L reaction container, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min, respectively inoculating tremella aurantialba and tourette fungus into the reaction container, culturing at 22 ℃ in a shaking table 180 r/min for 7 days.
(3) The preparation method of the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
a. and (3) adding the solid reed slag obtained by centrifugal separation in the step (1) into a 1% CTAB solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, stirring at the rotation speed of 150 r/min in a reaction kettle, treating 4h, and carrying out solid-liquid separation by using a centrifugal machine.
b. And (2) fully mixing the separated solid reed slag with the concentrated waste liquid obtained in the step (2), adding 2% (w/v) polyglutamic acid, and then performing spray drying to obtain the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer, wherein the organic matter content is 93.4%, the fulvic acid content is 46.2%, the water absorption rate is 86.3%, and the accumulated total nitrogen release rate in 28 days is 67.4%.
Example 3
(1) The reed treatment method comprises the following steps:
a. cutting reed into 5-10cm segments after removing impurities, adding water according to the solid content of 30% (w/v), mixing, treating by using a double screw kneading impregnator, adding 50% potassium hydroxide according to the proportion of 0.6 g (potassium hydroxide)/g (dry reed) in a third stage treatment area of the equipment by using a metering pump, and transferring the treated reed to a reaction kettle for heat preservation at 110 ℃ for 1 h.
b. Adding reed treated by the method into reaction solution (FeSO) 4 Is 10 mmol/L, H 2 O 2 The concentration of (2) was 1 mol/L), the pH of oxalic acid was adjusted to 3-4, the ratio of reed to the reaction solution was 1:10 (w/v), after treatment at 30℃for 1 h, the pH was adjusted to 7-8 with potassium hydroxide, and after standing for 0.5 h, solid-liquid separation was performed using a centrifuge.
(2) The method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the reed treatment waste liquid comprises the following steps:
a. transferring the waste liquid obtained by centrifugal separation in the step (1) into a reaction kettle, adding titanium dioxide according to the proportion of 0.05% (w/v), and treating 1 h at 80 ℃ with stirring speed of 150 r/min.
b. After the temperature of the treated waste liquid is reduced to room temperature, adding mycelium fermentation liquid of the tremella aurantialba and the sterculia hirsutum, wherein the ratio of the waste liquid to the fermentation liquid is 50:1, stirring at the room temperature at the rotation speed of 150 r/min, treating 2 h, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the solid content is more than or equal to 60%.
The mycelium fermentation liquid culture mode of the tremella aurantialba and the tourette fungus is as follows: preparing culture medium according to 3% of bran, 2% of sucrose, 1% of corn meal, 0.5% of soybean peptone, 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, loading into a 5L reaction container, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min, respectively inoculating tremella aurantialba and tourette fungus into the reaction container, culturing at 22 ℃ in a shaking table 180 r/min for 7 days.
(3) The preparation method of the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
a. and (3) adding the solid reed slag obtained by centrifugal separation in the step (1) into a 2% CTAB solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, stirring at the rotation speed of 150 r/min in a reaction kettle, treating 4h, and carrying out solid-liquid separation by using a centrifugal machine.
b. And (2) fully mixing the separated solid reed slag with the concentrated waste liquid obtained in the step (2), adding 3% (w/v) polyglutamic acid, and then performing spray drying to obtain the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer, wherein the organic matter content is 92.8%, the fulvic acid content is 44.1%, the water absorption rate is 89.8%, and the accumulated total nitrogen release rate in 28 days is 70.2%.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention, and in particular, the technical features set forth in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner so long as there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
In the description of the present invention, terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like, which indicate a direction or a positional relationship, are based on the direction or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus/means that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus/means.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Reed treatment: cutting reed into 5-10cm segments after impurity removal, adding water according to the proportion of 30% (w/v) of solid content, mixing, treating by using a double-screw kneading impregnator, adding 50% potassium hydroxide according to the proportion of potassium hydroxide (g)/dry reed (g) =0.2-0.6 in a third stage treatment area of equipment by using a metering pump, and transferring the treated reed to a reaction kettle for heat preservation at 90-120 ℃ for 1-3 h;
adding reed treated by the method into the reaction solution, adjusting the pH to 3-4 by oxalic acid, treating 1 h at 30 ℃, adjusting the pH to 7-8 by potassium hydroxide, standing for 0.5 h, and performing solid-liquid separation by using a centrifuge;
(2) Preparing an organic fertilizer: transferring the waste liquid obtained by centrifugal separation into a reaction kettle, adding titanium dioxide according to the proportion of 0.05-0.15% (w/v), and stirring at the speed of 150 r/min for 1 h at the temperature of 60-90 ℃;
cooling the treated waste liquid to room temperature, adding mycelium fermentation liquid of Tremella Aurantialba and Coriolus hirsutus, stirring at 150 r/min for 2 h at room temperature, and concentrating under reduced pressure until solid content is more than or equal to 60%;
(3) Preparing reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer: adding the solid reed slag obtained by centrifugal separation in the step (1) into 0.5-2% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, stirring for 4h at the rotating speed of 150 r/min in a reaction kettle, and carrying out solid-liquid separation by using a centrifugal machine;
and (3) fully mixing the separated solid reed slag with the concentrated waste liquid obtained in the step (2), adding 1-3% of polyglutamic acid, and performing spray drying to obtain the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the ratio of potassium hydroxide (g)/dry reed (g) is 0.4, and the reaction condition of the reaction kettle is that the temperature is kept at 110 ℃ for 2 h.
3. The method for preparing the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the reaction solution is a mixture of ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide, wherein the concentration of the ferrous sulfate is 5-15 mmol/L, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 0.6-1.2 mol/L, and the ratio of reed to the reaction solution is 1:10 (w/v).
4. The method for preparing the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the concentration of the ferrous sulfate is 8 mmol/L, and the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 0.96 mol/L.
5. The method for preparing the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the addition amount of the titanium dioxide is 0.1%, and the reaction temperature is 90 ℃; the ratio of the waste liquid to the fermentation liquor is 80:1.
6. The method for preparing the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the mycelium fermentation liquid of the tremella aurantialba and the tourette fungus is cultured in the following manner: preparing culture medium according to the proportion of 3% of bran, 2% of sucrose, 1% of corn meal, 0.5% of soybean peptone, 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, filling into a 5L reaction container, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min, respectively inoculating tremella aurantialba and tourette fungus into the reaction container, culturing at 22 ℃ for 7 days by using a shaking table 180 r/min to obtain mycelium fermentation broth.
7. The method for preparing the reed-based water-retaining slow-release synergistic organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution is 1%, and the addition proportion of the polyglutamic acid is 2%.
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