CN117578173A - Full polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser - Google Patents
Full polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of lasers, and discloses a full polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser, which comprises: the pump source, the first mixing device and the second mixing device; the first mixing device and the second mixing device comprise three ports, namely an a port, a b port and a c port; the pump source is connected with an a port of the first mixing device, a b port of the first mixing device is connected with an a port of the second mixing device, a c port of the first mixing device is connected with a c port of the second mixing device, and a b port of the second mixing device is an output port of the laser. The invention solves the problems that the cavity length of the existing laser is difficult to shorten, the repetition frequency of ultrashort pulses is difficult to improve, the structure of the laser is difficult to be simplified, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lasers, in particular to a full polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser.
Background
The ultra-short pulse fiber laser has the characteristics of narrow output pulse width, high peak power, wide spectrum and the like; compared with the traditional solid laser, the optical fiber is used as a flexible waveguide, and has the advantages of small volume, high beam quality, compact structure, low cost and the like. Therefore, the ultra-short pulse fiber laser is one of the leading-edge hot spot research directions in the ultra-fast laser field.
With rapid development in the fields of large-capacity optical communication, optical frequency comb, molecular spectroscopy, etc., the repetition frequency of ultrashort laser pulses needs to be further increased. The higher the repetition frequency of the pulses, the more pulses are transmitted per unit time, which means that the larger the amount of information that can be carried, which is important for improving the transmission capacity of high-speed optical communication and optical signal processing systems. In the field of optical frequency combs, ultra-short pulses with high repetition frequency can effectively reduce the optical filtering times, so that the system volume is compressed, and the system stability is improved. In molecular spectroscopy, the high repetition frequency characteristic of the pulses can improve the measurement speed and the detection sensitivity of a trace gas detection and three-dimensional holographic imaging system. Therefore, the research and development of the high repetition frequency ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser has great scientific significance and application value.
The mode locking is carried out by utilizing a semiconductor saturable absorber such as a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and graphene, so that output pulses with high repetition frequency can be obtained easily, and meanwhile, a full polarization-maintaining structure can be realized by matching with a polarization-maintaining fiber. However, these truly saturable absorbers have low damage thresholds, are prone to aging, and are expensive to manufacture, and therefore such fully polarization-maintaining pulsed fiber lasers have limited utility.
Based on equivalent saturable absorber mode locking, response time is faster, damage threshold is higher, stability is better, so research on the laser is more, and different mode locking technologies are developed: nonlinear polarization rotation (nonlinear polarization rotation, NPR), nonlinear optical annular mirrors (nonlinear optical loop mirror, NOLM), nonlinear magnifying annular mirrors (nonlinear amplifying loop mirror, NALM), and the like.
NPR mode locking technology has made breakthrough progress in compressing pulse width, increasing repetition frequency, etc. in recent years. However, the NPR technology needs to precisely adjust a polarization rotation device or an optical fiber polarization controller to regulate the polarization state in a laser cavity so as to realize mode locking, and the mode is sensitive to temperature change and mechanical disturbance, so that the anti-interference capability of the laser on environmental disturbance is poor.
All lasers based on NOLM and NALM mode locking technologies are all optical fibers and can be manufactured by using polarization maintaining optical fibers, so that the environment disturbance resistance is high, and the lasers are natural and stable. At present, a type of lasers based on NALM mode locking technology which is greatly focused by researchers is a full polarization maintaining 9-shaped ultrashort pulse mode locking fiber laser, and the type of lasers can output stable pulses with the pulse width of femtosecond magnitude and the repetition frequency reaching or even exceeding tens of MHz.
The NALM mode locking technique is implemented based on the pulse interference enhancement effect of nonlinear phase shift differences. In the full polarization-maintaining 9-shaped structure, the annular cavity part forms a Sagnac annular interferometer, and laser circularly propagating in the anticlockwise direction and the clockwise direction exists in the annular, and the starting point is usually an optical fiber coupler. When the laser is started, random pulses are generated, wherein stronger random pulses accumulate more nonlinear phase shifts in the optical fiber, and weaker random pulses do not accumulate significant nonlinear phase shifts. Thus, when a strong random pulse in 2 clock directions meets at the fiber coupler after completing 1 turn of propagation, the accumulated nonlinear phase shift difference can cause the pulse to generate interference enhancement effect, namely, the reflectivity (or transmissivity) of the Sagnac loop interferometer is enhanced, while a weak random pulse cannot generate the effect. Through multiple cycles, the edges of the strong random pulses and the weak random pulses are gradually filtered, the time domain width of the strong random pulses is narrower and narrower, the peak power is higher and higher, and finally mode locking and ultrashort pulse laser output are realized.
The output pulse repetition frequency expression of the full polarization-maintaining 9-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser is as follows:
wherein f R The frequency of the repetition is repeated and,cfor the speed of light in vacuum, n is the average refractive index of light propagating once in the cavity of the laser (including the two-part structure of the annular cavity and the linear arm), L Ring(s) Is the cavity length of the annular cavity, L Wire (C) Is the length of the linear arm. The beam of light is required to travel in the linear arm, so the cavity length of the 9 shape is expressed as L Ring(s) +2L Wire (C) 。
However, in this type of laser, since different types of optical fibers and optical fiber devices need to be fused, and the pigtails of the optical fibers and the optical fiber devices must reach a certain length to be placed in an optical fiber fusion splicer to complete the fusion splicing, the cavity length of the laser is difficult to shorten. As can be seen from the repetition frequency formula, the pulse repetition frequency of the ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser is inversely proportional to the laser cavity length, so that if the cavity length cannot be effectively shortened, the repetition frequency is also difficult to further increase.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a full polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locking fiber laser, which solves the problems that the cavity length of the existing laser is difficult to shorten, the repetition frequency of ultrashort pulses is difficult to improve, the structure of the laser is difficult to be simplified, and the like.
An all polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser, comprising:
the pump source, the first mixing device and the second mixing device;
the first mixing device and the second mixing device comprise three ports, namely an a port, a b port and a c port;
the pump source is connected with an a port of the first mixing device, a b port of the first mixing device is connected with an a port of the second mixing device, a c port of the first mixing device is connected with a c port of the second mixing device, and a b port of the second mixing device is an output port of the laser.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first hybrid device includes a polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer, a polarization-maintaining phase shifter, and a polarization-maintaining gain fiber; the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer comprises three ports, wherein the first port is connected with the polarization maintaining gain optical fiber, the second port is connected with the port a of the first hybrid device, and the third port is connected with the polarization maintaining phase shifter; one end of the polarization maintaining phase shifter is connected with the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer, and the other end of the polarization maintaining phase shifter is connected with the c port of the first hybrid device; one end of the polarization maintaining gain fiber is connected with the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer, and the other end of the polarization maintaining gain fiber is connected with the b port of the first hybrid device.
In one embodiment of the invention, the second hybrid device comprises a polarization maintaining collimator, a polarizing beam splitter, and a set of light processing devices; the polarization maintaining collimator is arranged opposite to the polarization beam splitter and the light processing component; the polarization beam splitter is used for transmitting or reflecting polarized light from the polarization-preserving collimator to the light processing device group; the light processing device group is also used for carrying out polarization beam splitting on the reflected light from the light processing device group to obtain two light beams, wherein the two light beams are divided into horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light according to polarization states, the horizontal polarized light is p light, and the vertical polarized light is s light; the light processing device group is used for transmitting part of light from the polarization beam splitter to the polarization-preserving collimator for output, and the other part of light is reflected back into the laser cavity.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the light processing device group includes a first device, a second device, and a third device, where the first device, the second device, and the third device are disposed sequentially opposite to each other; the first device is a polarization rotation device and is used for changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light; the second device is a polarization analyzer and is used for screening the polarization state of light and providing a pulse mode locking monitoring port; the third device is a partial reflector and is used for transmitting p light from the analyzer to the polarization maintaining collimator for output according to the preset energy proportion and reflecting the rest p light back into the laser cavity.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the light processing device group includes a first device and a third device, which are disposed sequentially opposite to each other; the first device is a polarization rotation device and is used for changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light; the third device is a partial reflector and is used for transmitting the linearly polarized light from the polarization rotation device to the polarization maintaining collimator for output according to the preset energy proportion and reflecting the rest linearly polarized light back to the laser cavity.
In one embodiment of the invention, the set of light processing devices includes a first device; the first device is a polarization rotating device with a part of the reflecting film plated on the rear surface and is used for changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light, transmitting the linearly polarized light to a polarization-preserving collimator according to a preset energy proportion for output, and reflecting the rest of the linearly polarized light back into the laser cavity.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the polarization rotation device is a 1/2 wave plate, and is used for generating rotation of an integer multiple angle of pi/2 in the linear polarization direction when the light beam passes through the device; the partial reflector is an optical fiber coating reflector.
In one embodiment of the invention, the second device splits the light beam from the first device into p-light and s-light, i.e. transmits the p-light component of the light beam from the first device, and reflects the s-light component; the s-ray is used for monitoring the mode locking state of the laser.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the a-port, the b-port, and the c-port of the second hybrid device are all connected to polarization-preserving passive optical fibers.
In one embodiment of the present invention, p light obtained by polarization splitting of the reflected light by the polarization beam splitter is transmitted to a first polarization-maintaining collimator C1, and the light beam is transmitted to an a port of a second hybrid device through the first polarization-maintaining collimator C1, and then transmitted to a b port of the first hybrid device through the a port of the second hybrid device; and s light obtained after the reflected light is polarized and split by the polarization beam splitter is transmitted to a second polarization-maintaining collimator C2, the light beam is transmitted to a C port of a second mixing device through the second polarization-maintaining collimator C2, and then is transmitted to a C port of a first mixing device through a C port of the second mixing device. After the polarization beam splitter performs polarization beam splitting on the reflected light, laser which is respectively circulated and propagated in the anticlockwise direction and the clockwise direction exists in the O-shaped cavity, and finally mode locking and ultrashort pulse laser output are realized through NALM mode locking technology based on nonlinear phase shift difference.
The invention provides a full polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser, which at least comprises the following beneficial effects: compared with the traditional single device, the full polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locking fiber laser provided by the invention has the advantages that the tail fiber length is obviously reduced, the laser cavity length is greatly compressed, and the repetition frequency of output pulses is improved. In addition, the number of the optical fiber fusion points is reduced, the length is shortened, the cavity structure is simplified, and the environmental stability of the laser is improved to a certain extent.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a full polarization maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second hybrid device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internal portion of a second hybrid device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of an internal portion of a second hybrid device;
reference numerals
A first mixing device 10, a second mixing device 20, a pump source 30;
a first hybrid a port a1, a first hybrid b port b1, a first hybrid c port c1, a polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 102, a polarization-maintaining phase shifter 104, and a polarization-maintaining gain fiber 106;
the second hybrid a port a2, the second hybrid b port b2, the second hybrid C port C2, the first polarization maintaining collimator C1, the second polarization maintaining collimator C2, the third polarization maintaining collimator C3, the polarization beam splitter 202, the first device 2042, the second device 2044, the third device 2046, and the polarization maintaining passive optical fiber 206.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the following specific embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that those skilled in the art explicitly and implicitly understand that the described embodiments of the invention can be combined with other embodiments without conflict. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "a," "an," "the," and similar referents in the context of the invention are not to be construed as limiting the quantity, but rather as singular or plural. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, as used herein, are merely distinguishing between similar objects and not representing a particular ordering of objects.
The polarization maintaining optical fiber is adopted by the invention because of the characteristics of easy twisting and stretching of the optical fiber and easy influence of external environment temperature. When the polarization direction is coincident with the fast axis or the slow axis of the optical fiber and linearly polarized light with energy density within a certain range is transmitted in the optical fiber, the polarization state can be kept unchanged, so that the extinction ratio of signals is greatly improved, and the disturbance of the environment to an optical field is resisted, and therefore, the full polarization-maintaining ultrashort pulse optical fiber laser can output stable ultrashort pulses.
In order to realize ultra-short pulse output in the picosecond or femtosecond order, each longitudinal mode phase difference of the spectrum domain in the laser resonant cavity can be fixed, namely mode locking is carried out, so that a periodic pulse sequence is formed in the time domain. The method for realizing mode locking can be divided into active mode locking and passive mode locking according to different working mechanisms. Active mode locking is the periodic modulation of parameters within the cavity, such as acousto-optic modulation and electro-optic modulation, by the introduction of an external modulation signal. The passive mode locking mainly utilizes the selective absorption of the saturable absorber to the light pulse to realize specific strong light transmission and weak light absorption, gradually filters the edges of the strong random pulse and the weak random pulse, enables the strong random pulse to pass through multiple cycles in the cavity, has narrower and narrower time domain width and higher peak power, and finally realizes ultrashort pulse output. Depending on the saturable absorber, passive mode locking can be divided into: the true saturable absorber based on the saturable absorption characteristic of the material is mode-locked, and the equivalent saturable absorber based on the nonlinear effect is mode-locked. Compared with active mode locking, the pulse generated by passive mode locking is extremely short, the time domain width can reach the femtosecond magnitude, and the structure is more compact, the cost is lower, and the stability is stronger. Therefore, among the current techniques for generating ultrashort light pulses, the passive mode locking technique is most widely used.
In the full polarization maintaining 9-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser, 2 times of linear arm length is required to be added when calculating the actual cavity length because the light beam propagates back and forth in the linear arm part. Therefore, the invention considers that the structure is simplified by utilizing the hybrid device, and the 9-shaped linear arm is removed, so that the laser structure is simplified into an O-shape. This can help shorten the cavity length and thus achieve a high repetition rate pulse output. In addition, the use of the hybrid device reduces the number of fusion points of the optical fiber and shortens the length of the optical fiber, and reduces the risks of breakage and aging of the melting point of the optical fiber.
The following is a detailed description.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a corresponding full polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser, which comprises the following components as shown in fig. 1:
a first mixing device 10, a second mixing device 20 and a pump source 30;
the first hybrid device 10 and the second hybrid device 20 each include three ports, an a-port, a b-port, and a c-port, respectively;
the pump source 30 is connected to the a1 port of the first hybrid device 10, the b1 port of the first hybrid device 10 is connected to the a2 port of the second hybrid device 20, the c1 port of the first hybrid device 10 is connected to the c2 port of the second hybrid device 20, and the b2 port of the second hybrid device 20 is the output port of the laser.
Specifically, in the laser cavity, the tail fiber at one end of the polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 102 is replaced by a polarization-maintaining gain fiber, and the polarization-maintaining gain fiber 106, the polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 102 and the polarization-maintaining phase shifter 104 are integrated into the first hybrid device 10.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first hybrid device 10 includes a polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 102, a polarization maintaining phase shifter 104, and a polarization maintaining gain fiber 106; the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 102 includes three ports, wherein a first port is connected to the polarization maintaining gain optical fiber 106, a second port is connected to the a1 port of the first hybrid device 10, and a third port is connected to the polarization maintaining phase shifter 104; one end of the polarization maintaining phase shifter 104 is connected with the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 102, and the other end is connected with the c1 port of the first hybrid device 10; one end of the polarization maintaining gain fiber 106 is connected to the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 102, and the other end is connected to the b1 port of the first hybrid device 10.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second hybrid device 20 includes a polarization maintaining collimator, a polarizing beam splitter 202, and a set of light processing devices; the polarization-maintaining collimator is arranged opposite to the polarization beam splitter 202 and the light processing component; the polarization beam splitter 202 is configured to transmit or reflect the polarized light from the polarization maintaining collimator to the light processing device group; the light processing device group is also used for carrying out polarization beam splitting on the reflected light from the light processing device group to obtain two light beams, and the two light beams are divided into horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light according to polarization states; the horizontally polarized light is p light, and the vertically polarized light is s light;
the set of light processing devices is configured to transmit a portion of the light from the polarizing beam splitter 202 to a polarization maintaining collimator for output, and another portion of the light is reflected back into the laser cavity.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a second hybrid device 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown, where a polarization beam splitter 202 in the second hybrid device 20 transmits p light from a first polarization-preserving collimator C1 through polarization splitting mode and then transmits the p light to a first device of a light processing device group, and reflects s light from a second polarization-preserving collimator C2 and then transmits the s light to the first device of the light processing device group. The first device changes the polarization direction of the light, and the second device divides the received light with the changed polarization direction into p light and s light, wherein the p light continues to be transmitted backwards, and the s light is emitted out of the cavity.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the a2 port, the b2 port, and the c2 port of the second hybrid device 20 are all connected to the polarization-maintaining passive optical fiber 206.
In one embodiment of the present invention, p light obtained by polarization splitting of the reflected light by the polarization beam splitter 202 is transmitted to the first polarization maintaining collimator C1, and the light beam is transmitted through the first polarization maintaining collimator C1 to the a2 port of the second hybrid device 20 and then transmitted through the a2 port of the second hybrid device 20 to the b2 port of the first hybrid device 10; the s-ray obtained by polarization splitting of the reflected light by the polarization beam splitter 202 is transmitted to the second polarization maintaining collimator C2, and the light beam is transmitted to the C2 port of the second hybrid device 20 through the second polarization maintaining collimator C2, and then transmitted to the C1 port of the first hybrid device 10 through the C2 port of the second hybrid device 20. After the polarization beam splitter 202 performs polarization beam splitting on the reflected light, laser that propagates circularly in the counterclockwise direction and the clockwise direction respectively exists in the O-shaped cavity, and finally mode locking and ultrashort pulse laser output are realized through a NALM mode locking technology based on nonlinear phase shift difference.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the light processing device group includes a first device 2042, a second device 2044, and a third device 2046, where the first device 2042, the second device 2044, and the third device 2046 are disposed sequentially opposite to each other; the first device 2042 is a polarization rotation device, and is configured to change a polarization direction of linearly polarized light; the second device 2044 is a polarization analyzer, and is used for screening the polarization state of light and providing a pulse mode locking monitoring port; the third device 2046 is a partial reflector, and is configured to transmit the p-light from the analyzer to the polarization-preserving collimator according to a preset energy ratio for output, and reflect the remaining p-light back into the laser cavity.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second device 2044 splits the light beam from the first device 2042, the polarization direction of which has been changed, into p-light and s-light; the s-ray is used for monitoring the mode locking state of the laser.
Specifically, in fig. 2, C1, C2, and C3 are polarization-preserving collimators, the first device 2042 is a polarization rotation device, the second device 2044 is a polarization analyzer, the third device 2046 is a partial mirror, 206 is a section of a polarization-preserving passive optical fiber, and a2, b2, and C2 are three ports of the second hybrid device 20. It will be appreciated that in the horizontal direction, light directed by the first polarization maintaining collimator C1 toward the polarization beam splitter 202 (arrow rightward in the drawing) represents incident light, and light in the opposite direction (arrow leftward in the drawing) represents return light, and light transmitted by the third polarization maintaining collimator C3 to the b2 port represents output light; in the vertical direction, light directed by the polarization maintaining collimator C2 toward the polarization beam splitter 202 (upward direction of the arrow in the drawing) represents incident light, and light in the opposite direction (downward direction of the arrow in the drawing) represents return light.
As can be seen from the sectional view of the polarization-maintaining passive optical fiber 206 (high-birefringence fiber), the a2 port, the b2 port, and the c2 port of the second hybrid device 20 are all connected to the panda-type polarization-maintaining passive optical fiber 206, and the linearly polarized laser light is transmitted along the slow axis (the center line direction of the panda eye) of the panda-type polarization-maintaining passive optical fiber 206.
The input polarized light is divided into p light from the first polarization-maintaining collimator C1 and s light from the second polarization-maintaining collimator C2, the polarization beam splitter 202 in the second hybrid device 20 transmits the p light from the first polarization-maintaining collimator C1 by polarization splitting, and transmits the p light from the second polarization-maintaining collimator C2 into the polarization rotating device, and reflects the s light from the second polarization-maintaining collimator C2, and transmits the s light into the polarization rotating device.
The polarization rotator is typically made of an anisotropic optical crystal, which produces different phase shifts for the light component having a polarization direction parallel to its optical axis and the light component having a polarization direction perpendicular to its optical axis, so that when a linearly polarized light beam having a polarization direction at an angle to its optical axis passes through, the polarization direction can be changed, i.e. rotated at an angle.
The analyzer is an optional device (which may or may not be disposed) for selecting the polarization direction of the passing light beam, transmitting horizontally polarized p-light and reflecting vertically polarized s-light, thereby functioning as a screening light polarization state and providing a pulse mode locking monitoring port.
After the light beam reaches the partial reflector, a part of p light beam is transmitted according to the designed energy proportion, namely the p light is transmitted and output to the third polarization-maintaining collimator C3, and then the third polarization-maintaining collimator C3 transmits the p light beam to the polarization-maintaining passive optical fiber connected with the b2 port for output, and the light beam with the remaining proportion is reflected back into the laser cavity, so that the light path forms a complete closed loop.
Further, the polarization rotation device adopted by the first device 2042 in the internal structure of the light processing assembly is a 1/2 wave plate, the polarization analyzer adopted by the second device 2044 is a polarization beam splitter, and the third device 2046 is an optical fiber coating reflector.
As shown in fig. 3, which is one of the internal structural diagrams of the optical processing assembly, the second device 2044 adopts a polarizing beam splitter to split the light beam into two paths, wherein one path of p light is output as a laser, and the other path of s light is used for monitoring the mode locking state of the laser.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the light processing device group includes a first device 2042 and a third device 2046, wherein the first device 2042 and the third device 2046 are disposed sequentially opposite to each other; the first device 2042 is a polarization rotation device, and is configured to change a polarization direction of linearly polarized light; the third device 2046 is a partial reflector, and is configured to transmit the linearly polarized light from the polarization rotation device to the polarization maintaining collimator according to a preset energy ratio for output, and reflect the rest of the linearly polarized light back into the laser cavity.
Specifically, in the light processing assembly structure, the first device 2042 is still a 1/2 wave plate, so that the linear polarization direction generates rotation of a certain integer multiple of non-pi/2 when the light beam passes through. The second device 2044 is not provided. The third device 2046 is provided as an optical fiber coated mirror. The polarization direction of the linearly polarized light after rotation by the first device 2042 is aligned with the panda eye axis of the laser output polarization maintaining passive fiber 206. In this case, the mode-locked state can be monitored at the laser output or in a subsequent amplifier stage, with the result that the structure is simplified without a monitoring terminal.
In one embodiment of the invention, the set of light processing devices includes a first device 2042; the first device 2042 is a polarization rotation device with a partially reflective film coated on the rear surface, and is used for changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light, transmitting the linearly polarized light to a polarization-preserving collimator according to a preset energy proportion for output, and reflecting the rest of the linearly polarized light back into the laser cavity.
Specifically, in the second hybrid device 20, the second device 2044 and the third device 2046 are not provided, and a partially reflective film is plated on the rear surface of the polarization rotation device as the first device 2042, as shown in fig. 4, which is a second schematic view of the internal structure of the light processing assembly, it can be seen that the right-side thickened portion of the first device 2042 in the drawing represents a partially reflective film, and the structure of the present embodiment is further simplified as compared with the embodiment in which the second device 2044 is not provided. Meanwhile, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light after being rotated by the first device 2042 is still aligned with the panda eye axis of the laser output polarization maintaining passive optical fiber 206, and there is no monitoring end, and the mode locking state can be monitored at the laser output end or in the subsequent amplifying stage.
In general, the connection manner between the devices according to the above embodiments may be a method of welding polarization maintaining fibers (including polarization maintaining gain fibers or polarization maintaining passive fibers), or a method of connecting the polarization maintaining fibers and polarization maintaining fiber connectors (e.g., polarization maintaining fiber flanges). In a special case, the tail fiber at one end of the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 102 is replaced by a polarization maintaining gain fiber, that is, the polarization maintaining gain fiber 106 can be regarded as the tail fiber at one end of the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 102.
The laser provided by the invention uses the hybrid device, and the 9-shaped linear arm is removed, so that the laser structure is simplified into an O-shape, the cavity length is greatly compressed, and the repetition frequency of output pulses is improved. In addition, the number of the optical fiber fusion points is reduced, the length is shortened, the cavity structure is simplified, and the environmental stability of the laser is improved to a certain extent.
The invention provides an ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser, and the cavity of the laser is O-shaped. The full laser based on the spectrum interference type equivalent saturable absorber has long service life, low maintenance cost and insensitivity to environmental disturbance and change, and can output stable ultrashort pulse. The laser structure is optimized and designed, the cavity type is simplified into an O shape, the laser structure can be more compact, the number of optical fiber melting points is reduced, the length of the optical fiber is reduced, and the repetition frequency of output pulses is improved. The ultra-short pulse mode-locked fiber laser has great application potential in the fields of micro-nano machining, high-precision measurement, ultra-fast medical optics and the like.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts of the embodiments are all referred to each other, and each embodiment is mainly described in the differences from the other embodiments.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process article or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process article or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process method article or method comprising the element.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a full polarization-preserving O font ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser which characterized in that includes:
the pump source, the first mixing device and the second mixing device;
the first mixing device and the second mixing device comprise three ports, namely an a port, a b port and a c port;
the pump source is connected with an a port of the first mixing device, a b port of the first mixing device is connected with an a port of the second mixing device, a c port of the first mixing device is connected with a c port of the second mixing device, and a b port of the second mixing device is an output port of the laser.
2. The laser of claim 1, wherein the first hybrid device comprises a polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer, a polarization maintaining phase shifter, a polarization maintaining gain fiber;
the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer comprises three ports, wherein the first port is connected with the polarization maintaining gain optical fiber, the second port is connected with the port a of the first hybrid device, and the third port is connected with the polarization maintaining phase shifter;
one end of the polarization maintaining phase shifter is connected with the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer, and the other end of the polarization maintaining phase shifter is connected with the c port of the first hybrid device;
one end of the polarization maintaining gain fiber is connected with the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer, and the other end of the polarization maintaining gain fiber is connected with the b port of the first hybrid device.
3. The laser of claim 1, wherein the second hybrid device comprises a polarization maintaining collimator, a polarizing beam splitter, and a set of light processing devices;
the polarization maintaining collimator is arranged opposite to the polarization beam splitter and the light processing component;
the polarization beam splitter is used for transmitting or reflecting polarized light from the polarization-preserving collimator to the light processing device group; the light processing device group is also used for carrying out polarization beam splitting on the reflected light from the light processing device group to obtain two light beams, and the two light beams are divided into horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light according to polarization states; the horizontally polarized light is p light, and the vertically polarized light is s light;
the light processing device group is used for transmitting part of light from the polarization beam splitter to the polarization-preserving collimator for output, and the other part of light is reflected back into the laser cavity.
4. A laser as claimed in claim 3 wherein the set of light processing devices comprises a first device, a second device and a third device, the first device, the second device and the third device being disposed in sequence opposite one another;
the first device is a polarization rotation device and is used for changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light;
the second device is a polarization analyzer and is used for screening the polarization state of light and providing a pulse mode locking monitoring port;
the third device is a partial reflector and is used for transmitting p light from the analyzer to the polarization maintaining collimator for output according to the preset energy proportion and reflecting the rest p light back into the laser cavity.
5. A laser as claimed in claim 3 wherein the set of light processing devices comprises a first device and a third device, the first device and the third device being disposed in sequence opposite one another;
the first device is a polarization rotation device and is used for changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light;
the third device is a partial reflector and is used for transmitting the linearly polarized light from the polarization rotation device to the polarization maintaining collimator for output according to the preset energy proportion and reflecting the rest linearly polarized light back to the laser cavity.
6. The laser of claim 3, wherein the set of light processing devices includes a first device;
the first device is a polarization rotating device with a part of the reflecting film plated on the rear surface and is used for changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light, transmitting the linearly polarized light to a polarization-preserving collimator according to a preset energy proportion for output, and reflecting the rest of the linearly polarized light back into the laser cavity.
7. The laser of claim 4 or 5, wherein the polarization rotation device is a 1/2 wave plate for generating rotation of the linear polarization direction by an integer multiple of an angle other than pi/2 when the light beam passes through;
the partial reflector is an optical fiber coating reflector.
8. The laser of claim 4, wherein the second device splits the beam from the first device into p-light and s-light, i.e., passes the p-light component of the beam from the first device and reflects the s-light component;
the s-ray is used for monitoring the mode locking state of the laser.
9. The laser of claim 1, wherein the a-port, b-port, and c-port of the second hybrid device are each connected to a polarization maintaining passive fiber.
10. A laser as claimed in claim 3 wherein p-light obtained by polarization splitting of the reflected light by the polarization beam splitter is transmitted to a first polarization maintaining collimator C1, the light beam is transmitted through the first polarization maintaining collimator C1 to an a-port of a second hybrid device, and then transmitted through the a-port of the second hybrid device to a b-port of the first hybrid device;
and s light obtained after the reflected light is polarized and split by the polarization beam splitter is transmitted to a second polarization-maintaining collimator C2, the light beam is transmitted to a C port of a second mixing device through the second polarization-maintaining collimator C2, and then is transmitted to a C port of a first mixing device through a C port of the second mixing device.
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