CN116131084A - High-repetition-frequency full polarization-maintaining fiber laser based on nonlinear amplification annular mirror - Google Patents
High-repetition-frequency full polarization-maintaining fiber laser based on nonlinear amplification annular mirror Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1109—Active mode locking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06712—Polarising fibre; Polariser
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
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- H01S3/06791—Fibre ring lasers
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094042—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a fibre laser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10061—Polarization control
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-repetition-frequency full polarization-maintaining fiber laser based on a nonlinear ring-shaped amplifying mirror. The laser comprises a nonlinear amplifying ring formed by a wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter and a polarization-maintaining active optical fiber; a Faraday rotator, an eighth wave plate, a polarization beam splitter, an electro-optic phase modulator and a high-reflection mirror are adopted to form a space straight arm light path; the polarization beam combining collimator is used for connecting the nonlinear amplifying ring and the space straight arm light path; the first pump source and the second pump source are matched with the pump beam combiner to enhance the pump power of the fiber laser; meanwhile, the Faraday rotator and the eighth wave plate form a nonreciprocal phase bias device, so that the mode locking threshold of the fiber laser is reduced; in addition, the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter and the polarization beam combining collimator are adopted to simplify the light path structure of the fiber laser, enhance the robustness of the system, shorten the optical cavity length of the laser and improve the repetition frequency of the laser; the stepper motor and the piezoelectric ceramic actuator realize large-range fine tuning of the laser cavity length.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mode-locked fiber lasers, in particular to a high-repetition-frequency full polarization-maintaining fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplifying ring mirror.
Background
With the development of modern society, people have a higher-precision metering requirement for the basic unit of time. Currently, the definition of "second" by the international society is determined in the 123 rd metering meeting held in 1967, namely the duration of 9192631779 cycles corresponding to transition between two hyperfine energy levels of the "cesium-133" atomic ground state, and the time precision defined under the standard can reach 10 -15 Magnitude. However, with the continuous progress of science and technology, higher requirements on the precision of time frequency are put forward in aspects of attosecond science, positioning navigation, precise spectroscopy, time frequency transmission and the like.
Since the birth of the first laser in the 1960 world, one considers replacing the microwave frequency with the optical frequency, thus realizing a new time reference. Since the optical frequency is at least 3 orders of magnitude higher than the microwave frequency, 10 can be achieved if an optical clock is used -18 Time accuracy of the order of magnitude, but how to effectively link the optical frequency with the microwave frequency, i.e. how to transfer the accuracy of the optical frequency to the microwave frequency, has not been found an effective solution.
The invention of the optical frequency comb based on the mode-locked laser perfectly solves the problem of the connection between the optical frequency and the microwave frequency, and in 2005, researchers obtain the Nobel physics prize by virtue of the outstanding contribution made in the field of the optical frequency comb. The light source of the early optical frequency comb is provided by a titanium precious stone laser, but the laser has the defects of high manufacturing cost, complex light path, huge volume, water cooling, severe requirements on the use environment and the like, and limits the application of the optical frequency comb. With the increasing maturity of optical fiber technology and optical device manufacturing, the mode-locked fiber laser becomes an ideal choice of an optical frequency comb laser light source due to the advantages of simple structure, low price, small volume, high environment adaptability and the like.
Mode-locked fiber lasers can be broadly classified into Nonlinear Polarization Rotation (NPR) mode locking, semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) mode locking, and nonlinear amplifying ring mirror (NALM) mode locking according to their mode locking principles. NPR mode-locked lasers are limited by the mode-locking principle, and generally adopt a non-polarization-maintaining structure, so that the mode-locking state of the laser is easily interfered by environmental factors (temperature, vibration and the like). While a SESAM mode-locked laser can achieve a fully polarization-maintaining fiber structure, it relies on the "bleaching" characteristics of the absorber material, which are related to the laser intensity, and the absorber material suffers from photodamage. Long-term use will therefore lead to an increase in the mode locking threshold of the laser and even to failure of the laser to lock modes. The NALM mode-locked laser has no risk of damage caused by light, can realize a full polarization-maintaining structure, and is an ideal pulse light source for realizing femtosecond optical frequency combs. Chen et al realize the self-starting mode-locking laser of the full polarization-maintaining fiber structure by utilizing NALM technology, and the pulse is amplified and compressed to realize the ultra-short pulse output with the pulse width of 28fs and the single pulse energy of 3nJ, but the repetition frequency is only 64.7MHz due to the longer cavity length of the laser.
In order to improve the repetition frequency of the Laser, one patent of German Menlo Systems GmbH company is Laser with non-linear optical loop mirror, and the invention utilizes NALM technology to realize a high repetition frequency Laser by shortening the cavity length, and meanwhile, the Laser has good self-starting performance and is applied to practical products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-repetition-frequency full polarization-maintaining fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplifying ring mirror, which aims to solve the problems of a non-polarization-maintaining structure, photodamage, low repetition frequency and the like of a common mode-locked fiber laser.
The invention can realize the expected aim by adopting the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a high-frequency full polarization maintaining fiber laser based on nonlinear amplification ring mirror, high-frequency full polarization maintaining fiber laser includes: the device comprises a first pump source 1, a second pump source 2, a pump beam combiner 3, a wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4, a polarization-maintaining active optical fiber 5, a polarization beam splitting collimator 6, a Faraday rotator 7, an eighth wave plate 8, a polarization beam splitter 9, an electro-optic phase modulator 10, a high-reflection mirror 11, a stepping motor 12 and a piezoelectric ceramic actuator 13.
As above, the first pump source 1 and the second pump source 2 are respectively welded to two input ports of the pump beam combiner 3, and the pump power of the fiber laser is effectively enhanced by using the two pump sources; the output port of the pump beam combiner 3 is welded to the pump input port of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4; the universal port of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 is welded to one port of the polarization-maintaining active optical fiber 5, and random small pulses are generated inside the laser through oscillation; one output port of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 is welded to one input port of the polarization beam combining collimator 6, and the other output port of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 is used for outputting seed light; the other port of the polarization-maintaining active optical fiber 5 is welded to the other input port of the polarization beam-combining collimator 6; the random small pulses are incident to a space straight arm light path through a polarization beam combining collimator 6 and reflected by a high reflection mirror 10; the reflected pulse is transmitted by the polarization beam splitter 9 to generate a first beam of horizontally polarized light; since the included angle between the fast axis of the eighth wave plate 8 and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, the incident horizontal polarized light is divided into two polarized light beams, the included angle between the polarized light beam II and the horizontal direction along the fast axis of the eighth wave plate 8 is 45 degrees, the included angle between the polarized light beam III and the horizontal direction along the slow axis of the eighth wave plate 8 is 135 degrees, and the linear phase difference between the polarized light beam II and the polarized light beam III is pi/4; the polarized light beam II and the polarized light beam III are rotated by 45 degrees through a Faraday rotator 8 by a needle to generate a polarized light beam IV and a polarized light beam V, and the polarized light beam IV and the polarized light beam V are respectively horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light; the polarized light beam IV and the polarized light beam V enter the nonlinear amplifying ring through the collimating port of the polarization beam combining collimator 6; the light beam four of horizontal polarization is transmitted anticlockwise, is amplified by light and then is transmitted by a section of optical fiber, and is collimated and output to a space straight arm light path by the polarization beam combining collimator 6 again, and the light beam five of vertical polarization is transmitted clockwise, is transmitted by a section of optical fiber and is amplified by light and then is collimated and output to the space straight arm light path by the polarization beam combining collimator 6 again; the polarized light beam IV and the polarized light beam V are incident to the Faraday rotator 7 and rotated by 45 degrees to generate a polarized light beam six and a polarized light beam seven, and the polarized light beam six and the polarized light beam seven respectively pass through a fast axis and a slow axis of the eighth wave plate 8, so that the linear phase difference between the polarized light beam six and the polarized light beam seven is pi/2; since there is also a nonlinear phase difference Δφ introduced in the nonlinear amplifying ring between the polarized light beam six and the polarized light beam seven, Δφ is related to the light intensity and propagation distance; by the combined action of the linear phase difference pi/2 and the nonlinear phase difference delta phi, interference occurs through the polarization beam splitter 9, a part of reflected light is output to the outside of the laser for monitoring the state of the laser, and the other part of transmitted light is incident to the high-reflection mirror 11 and reflected back to the nonlinear amplifying ring. The process is circularly reciprocated, and the mode locking of the laser is realized by adjusting the intensity of the pumping source, namely, a stable pulse sequence is output in the time domain. The stepper motor 12 realizes the large-range tuning of the cavity length of the fiber laser by moving the high-reflection mirror 11, thereby changing the repetition frequency; a section of tail fiber of one input port of the polarization beam combination collimator 6 is fixed on the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 13, and fine adjustment of the laser cavity length is realized by combining the electro-optic phase modulator 10.
Further, the central wavelength of the output light of the first pump source 1 and the second pump source 2 is 976nm, and the output light power is not less than 0.75W.
Further, the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 has a beam splitting ratio of 10:90, 10% of the output ports are used for outputting seed light, and 90% of the output ports are used for being connected to the polarization beam combining collimator 6.
Further, the collimating lens at the output end of the polarization beam combining collimator 6 is plated with an antireflection film, and the working distance of the collimated light beam is 100mm.
Further, the stroke of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 13 is 19 μm, the bandwidth of the electro-optic phase modulator 10 is greater than 200MHz, and the displacement of the stepping motor 12 is 5mm.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme adopted by the invention has the following technical advantages and effects:
the technical scheme of the invention is that a nonlinear amplifying annular mirror technology is adopted, so that a full polarization maintaining structure can be realized, and the fiber laser has good environment interference resistance; the Faraday rotator and the eighth wave plate are adopted to realize a nonreciprocal phase bias device, so that the mode locking threshold of the fiber laser is effectively reduced, and the self-starting mode locking is realized; the two pump sources and the pump beam combiner are adopted, so that the pump power of the fiber laser is enhanced, and the mode locking is facilitated; the multifunctional composite device, namely the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter and the polarization beam combining collimator, shortens the cavity length of the fiber laser, obviously improves the repetition frequency of the fiber laser, simplifies and compacts the optical structure of the fiber laser, and can realize the miniaturized high-repetition frequency full polarization-preserving fiber laser.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in detail with reference to the schematic structural diagram of fig. 1, as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the high-frequency full polarization-maintaining fiber laser based on the nonlinear amplifying ring mirror comprises a first pump source 1, a second pump source 2, a pump beam combiner 3, a wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4, a polarization-maintaining active fiber 5, a polarization beam-combining collimator 6, a faraday rotator 7, an eighth wave plate 8, a polarization beam splitter 9, an electro-optic phase modulator 10, a high-reflection mirror 11, a stepping motor 12 and a piezoelectric ceramic actuator 13; the tail fiber of the first pump source 1 and the tail fiber of one input port of the pump beam combiner 3 need to be aligned with a slow axis and welded, the tail fiber of the second pump source 2 and the tail fiber of the other input port of the pump beam combiner 3 need to be aligned with a slow axis and welded, and the tail fiber of the output port of the pump beam combiner 3 and the tail fiber of the pump input port of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 need to be aligned with a slow axis and welded; the tail fiber of the input port of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 and the tail fiber of one port of the polarization maintaining active optical fiber 5 need to be aligned with a slow axis and welded to generate random small pulses; an output port of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 is used for outputting seed light; the tail fiber of the other output port of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 and the tail fiber of one input port of the polarization beam combining collimator 6 need to be aligned with a slow axis and welded; the tail fiber of the other port of the polarization-maintaining active optical fiber 5 and the tail fiber of the other input port of the polarization beam combining collimator 6 need to be aligned with a slow axis and welded; the pulse is input to a space straight arm light path through a collimation port of the polarization beam combination collimator 6; the pulse sequentially passes through a Faraday rotator 7, an eighth wave plate 8, a polarization beam splitter 9, an electro-optic phase modulator 10 and a high-reflection mirror 11 in a space straight arm light path, and the included angle between the fast axis of the eighth wave plate 8 and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees; the high reflection mirror 11 reflects the pulse and transmits the pulse through the polarization beam splitter 9 to generate a polarized light beam I of horizontal polarization; the polarized light beam I is incident to the eighth wave plate 8, and because the included angle between the fast axis of the eighth wave plate 8 and the polarized light beam I is 45 degrees, the polarized light beam I is divided into two polarized light beams in the eighth wave plate 8 due to the double refraction effect, namely a polarized light beam II and a polarized light beam III; the polarized light beam II is transmitted along the fast axis direction of the eighth wave plate 8 and has an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction, and the polarized light beam III is transmitted along the slow axis direction of the eighth wave plate 8 and has an included angle of 135 degrees with the horizontal direction, so that a linear phase difference pi/4 introduced by the eighth wave plate 8 is generated between the polarized light beam II and the polarized light beam III; the polarized light beam II and the polarized light beam III are respectively rotated by 45 degrees through a Faraday rotator 7 to generate a polarized light beam IV and a polarized light beam V; the polarized light beam IV and the polarized light beam V are respectively horizontally polarized and vertically polarized, and are coupled into a nonlinear amplifying ring by a polarization beam combining collimator 6; in the nonlinear amplifying ring, the polarized light beam IV is transmitted along the anticlockwise direction, firstly passes through the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 and is amplified, and then a section of optical fiber is transmitted and then enters the polarization beam combination collimator 6 again to be output to the space straight arm light path; the polarized light beam five is transmitted along the clockwise direction, a section of optical fiber is transmitted first and then amplified, and then enters a polarization beam combining collimator 6 through a wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 and is output to a space straight arm light path; the polarized light beam IV and the polarized light beam V are incident to the Faraday rotator 7 and rotated by 45 degrees, so that a polarized light beam VI and a polarized light beam seventh are generated; the polarized light beam six forms 45 degrees with the horizontal direction and is transmitted to the eighth wave plate 8 to pass through the fast axis; the polarized light beam seven forms 135 degrees with the horizontal direction and is transmitted to the eighth wave plate 8 to pass through the slow axis; at this time, the linear phase difference between the polarized light beam six and the polarized light beam seven is pi/2; since there is also a nonlinear phase difference delta phi introduced by the nonlinear amplifying ring between the polarized light beam six and the polarized light beam seven, the delta phi is related to the light intensity and the distance of light propagation; the pulse interferes in the polarization beam splitter 9, one part of reflected light is output to the outside of the laser for monitoring the state of the laser, and the other part of transmitted light is incident to the high-reflection mirror 11 and reflected back to the nonlinear amplifying ring; when the sum of the linear phase difference pi/2 and the nonlinear phase difference delta phi is close to 0, the higher the transmitted light intensity of the polarization beam splitter 9, namely the lower the loss in the laser cavity, the easier the laser is to realize mode locking; meanwhile, the energy of the pulse center is higher, so that the phase difference is more easy to meet the requirement of low loss, and the nonlinear amplifying annular mirror technology can play a role in narrowing the pulse width; mode locking can be realized by adjusting the output optical power of the first pump source 1 and the second pump source 2 and the process circularly oscillates in the laser, namely, the laser outputs a stable pulse sequence in the time domain; the electro-optic phase modulator 10 and the piezoceramic actuator 13 can be used for realizing precise control of the repetition frequency of the laser; the stepper motor 12 can achieve a wide tuning of the laser repetition frequency by moving the high mirror 11.
Claims (7)
1. The high-repetition frequency full polarization maintaining fiber laser based on the nonlinear amplification annular mirror comprises a first pump source (1), a second pump source (2), a pump beam combiner (3), a wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter (4), a polarization maintaining active fiber (5), a polarization beam splitting collimator (6), a Faraday rotator (7), an eighth wave plate (8), a polarization beam splitter (9), an electro-optic phase modulator (10), a high-reflection mirror (11), a stepping motor (12) and a piezoelectric ceramic actuator (13); it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
tail fibers of the first pump source (1) and the second pump source (2) are respectively connected with two input ports of the pump beam combiner (3); the output port of the pump beam combiner (3) is connected with the pump input port of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter (4); the universal port of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter (4) is connected with one port of the polarization-maintaining active optical fiber (5), one output port is used for outputting seed light for application, and the other output port is connected with one input port of the polarization beam splitting collimator (6) to generate horizontal polarized light; the other port of the polarization-maintaining active optical fiber (5) is connected with the other input port of the polarization beam splitting collimator (6) to generate vertical polarized light; the polarization beam splitting collimator (6) combines the horizontal polarized light and the vertical polarized light to generate orthogonal polarized light, and the orthogonal polarized light is collimated by the output port and is incident to the spatial straight arm light path; the space straight arm light path comprises the Faraday rotator (7), an eighth wave plate (8), a polarization beam splitter (9), an electro-optic phase modulator (10) and a high-reflection mirror (11); the Faraday rotator (7) rotates the incident polarized light by 45 degrees; the eighth wave plate (8) and the Faraday rotator (7) form a phase bias device; the polarization beam splitter (9) is used for interfering to form two beams of light, one beam of light is reflected and output to monitor the state of the laser, and the other beam of light is transmitted and reflected back to the nonlinear amplifying ring by the high-reflection mirror (11); the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (13) is adhered to a tail fiber of one input port of the polarization beam splitting collimator (9), and the cavity length of the laser is finely adjusted by mechanically stretching the fiber; the electro-optic phase modulator (10) and the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (13) can be used for precisely controlling the cavity length of the laser, namely locking the repetition frequency of the laser; the stepper motor (12) achieves large-range laser cavity length tuning by moving the high-reflection mirror (11).
2. The high-frequency full polarization maintaining fiber laser based on the nonlinear amplification loop mirror according to claim 1, wherein the central wavelength of the first pump source (1) and the second pump source (2) is 976nm, and the output optical power is not less than 0.75W.
3. The high-repetition frequency full polarization maintaining fiber laser based on the nonlinear amplification ring mirror according to claim 1, wherein the beam splitting ratio of the wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter (4) is 10:90.
4. A high-repetition frequency fully polarization maintaining fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplifying ring mirror according to claim 1, wherein the working distance of the polarization beam splitting collimator (6) is 100mm.
5. A high-repetition frequency fully polarization maintaining fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplifying ring mirror according to claim 1, wherein the stroke of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (13) is 19 μm.
6. A high-repetition frequency fully polarization maintaining fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplification loop mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that the bandwidth of the electro-optic phase modulator (10) is larger than 200MHz.
7. A high-repetition frequency fully polarization maintaining fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplification ring mirror according to claim 1, wherein the displacement of the stepper motor (12) is 5mm.
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CN117578173A (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-02-20 | 北京大学长三角光电科学研究院 | Full polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser |
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CN117578173A (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-02-20 | 北京大学长三角光电科学研究院 | Full polarization-maintaining O-shaped ultrashort pulse mode-locked fiber laser |
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