CN113131321B - Low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser - Google Patents
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Abstract
A low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser belongs to the technical field of lasers and aims to solve the problems that an existing full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser is high in threshold and difficult to self-start, a first pumping source and a second pumping source are respectively connected with an a end of a first wavelength division multiplexer and a d end of a second wavelength division multiplexer and are injected into polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fibers; the c end of a signal end of the first wavelength division multiplexer is connected with a first polarization-preserving single-mode fiber, the other end of the first polarization-preserving single-mode fiber is connected with the input end of a polarization-preserving phase shifter, the output end of the polarization-preserving phase shifter is connected with the g end of a 2 x 2 coupler, the h end of the 2 x 2 coupler is connected with a polarization-related isolator, and the output end of the polarization-related isolator is connected with the k end of the coupler; the coupler is provided with two output ports, wherein the m end serves as a laser output end, the l end is connected with a second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber, the other end of the second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber is connected with the j end of the 2 x 2 coupler, and the second input end of the 2 x 2 coupler is connected with the f end of the second wavelength division multiplexer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser, and belongs to the technical field of lasers.
Background
The femtosecond fiber laser can generate pulse time domain width reaching femtosecond level (10) -15 ) The ultrashort laser pulse of (1) in medical treatment, communication, material processing, distance measurement,The optical frequency comb has important application in the fields of optical frequency comb and the like. The femtosecond laser is generated by a mode locking method, and the traditional mode locking fiber laser adopts a conventional quartz fiber as a resonant cavity, and the working state of the traditional mode locking fiber laser is easily influenced by external environments such as temperature, vibration and the like. The mode-locked laser based on the full polarization maintaining optical fiber structure has small influence on femtosecond pulses due to external environment change, so that the generated femtosecond laser has good stability, is suitable for practical application under complex conditions, has compact structure, high efficiency and low cost, and is suitable for batch production.
At present, the methods for generating femtosecond laser in a full polarization maintaining fiber resonant cavity structure mainly comprise the following two methods: one is a splayed cavity structure based on a nonlinear fiber loop mirror, and femtosecond pulses such as conventional solitons, noise-like pulses and dissipative solitons are generated; and the second method adopts a nine-cavity structure based on a linear phase shifter to generate a conventional soliton pulse. The first method, among others, requires a longer cavity length to increase the nonlinear phase shift, and the larger transmission loss results in the structure generally having a higher mode-locking threshold. The second method reduces the mode-locking threshold by introducing a linear phase shift in the amplification loop, but the output mode-locked pulse is of a single type, typically only a conventional soliton pulse.
The Chinese patent publication number is 'CN 103825177B', which discloses 'a pulse full polarization-preserving fiber laser based on a plurality of nonlinear amplification ring mirrors', the laser comprises a main oscillation cavity, a front stage nonlinear amplification ring mirror cavity and a rear stage one or a plurality of nonlinear amplification ring mirror cavities; an optical field in the laser is transmitted clockwise and sequentially passes through the main oscillation cavity, the front-stage nonlinear amplification annular mirror cavity, the rear-stage one or more nonlinear amplification annular mirror cavities and the main oscillation cavity to form a closed-loop cavity; and one end of the main oscillation cavity, which is lower than the beam splitting ratio of the beam splitter, is used as the output end of the laser.
The technology adopts a cascade structure of a plurality of (two or more) nonlinear amplification ring mirrors, effectively inhibits amplitude noise, weakens pulse splitting, eliminates small pulses before and after the pulse, and narrows the pulse. However, when the pulse output characteristics are optimized by the plurality of nonlinear ring mirrors, additional transmission loss is introduced, the mode locking threshold value is increased, and the conversion efficiency is reduced.
Chinese patent publication No. CN110896191A discloses a pulse full polarization maintaining fiber laser based on multiple nonlinear amplification ring mirrors, which is characterized in that: the tail fiber of the first semiconductor laser is connected with the pumping end of the first polarization-preserving wavelength division multiplexer; the output end of the first polarization-preserving wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the input end of the first polarization-preserving single-mode fiber, and the output end of the first polarization-preserving single-mode fiber is connected with the input end of the first polarization-preserving fiber isolator; the output end of the first polarization-maintaining fiber isolator 4 is connected with the first input end of the second polarization-maintaining fiber coupler. The input end of the first polarization-preserving dispersion compensation fiber is connected with the first output end of the second polarization-preserving fiber coupler, and the output end of the first polarization-preserving dispersion compensation fiber is connected with the input end of the first polarization-preserving fiber coupler; and a first output end of the first polarization-preserving fiber coupler is connected with a second input end of the first polarization-preserving wavelength division multiplexer to form a closed ring cavity.
The technology adopts the traditional nonlinear fiber ring mirror to realize mode locking, so that the laser generates laser with high pulse energy in a low-repetition-frequency working state, and stable self-starting mode locking can be realized. But the conventional nonlinear fiber ring mirror structure requires sufficient cavity length accumulation to achieve self-starting, which can greatly increase the mode-locking threshold and reduce the repetition frequency of mode-locked pulses.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser, which aims to solve the problems of high threshold and difficult self-starting of the conventional full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser. The mode-locked femtosecond laser can be automatically started under the working conditions of short cavity length and low threshold, the structure is simple, the femtosecond pulse is stable, and the batch production and industrialization of the full polarization-preserving femtosecond fiber laser can be further promoted.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser is characterized by comprising a first pumping source, a second pumping source, a first polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer, a second polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer, a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber, a first polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber, a polarization-maintaining phase shifter, a 2 x 2 coupler, a polarization-dependent isolator, a second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber and a coupler;
the first pumping source and the second pumping source are respectively connected with the a end of the first wavelength division multiplexer and the d end of the second wavelength division multiplexer to form a bidirectional pumping structure and are injected into the polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber; the c end of a signal end of the first wavelength division multiplexer is connected with a first polarization-preserving single-mode fiber, the other end of the first polarization-preserving single-mode fiber is connected with the input end of a polarization-preserving phase shifter, the output end of the polarization-preserving phase shifter is connected with the g end of a 2 x 2 coupler, the h end of the 2 x 2 coupler is connected with a polarization-related isolator, and the output end of the polarization-related isolator is connected with the k end of the coupler; the coupler is provided with two output ports, wherein the m end serves as a laser output end, the l end is connected with a second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber, the other end of the second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber is connected with the j end of the 2 x 2 coupler to form a one-way ring, and the second input end of the 2 x 2 coupler is connected with the f end of the second wavelength division multiplexer to form an amplifying ring.
All optical fibers and tail fibers of devices in the laser structure are polarization maintaining optical fibers, so that a full polarization maintaining resonant cavity structure is realized.
The polarization maintaining erbium doped fiber is a gain fiber, and the output laser of the polarization maintaining erbium doped fiber is in a 1.55 mu m wave band.
The polarization-maintaining phase shifter is composed of an optical fiber circulator, an optical fiber collimator, a Faraday optical rotation crystal and a plane mirror and is of a reflection type structure; the light transmitted clockwise is incident from the port I of the optical fiber circulator, is output to the optical fiber collimator through the port II, is incident to the Faraday optical rotation crystal through the optical fiber collimator, and the emergent light is reflected to the Faraday optical rotation crystal through the plane mirror, so that the polarization state is rotated by 90 degrees, and the return light of the Faraday optical rotation crystal returns to the ports II of the optical fiber collimator and the optical fiber circulator in sequence and is finally output from the port III; light transmitted anticlockwise is directly output from the port I after being incident from the port III of the optical fiber circulator, and the polarization state is kept unchanged.
The structure of the polarization-maintaining phase shifter is an integrated optical fiber device taking a polarization-maintaining optical fiber as a tail fiber.
The linear phase shift amount of the polarization-maintaining phase shifter is pi/2, so that the mode-locked laser self-starting is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the femtosecond fiber laser adopting the linear phase shifter has low threshold, self-starting and good femtosecond pulse stability. By properly controlling parameters such as the total dispersion value, the nonlinear effect and the like of the optical fiber resonant cavity, several working states of traditional soliton pulse, dispersion management soliton pulse, self-similar pulse and noise-like pulse can be respectively realized.
The invention adopts a full polarization-maintaining resonant cavity structure, has strong anti-interference capability, narrow pulse width of output laser and good stability. The laser uses a polarization-maintaining phase shifter, can realize femtosecond pulse self-starting without external excitation, has strong adaptability to complex environment, is suitable for mass production, and can be applied to the fields of industrial processing, scientific research and the like on a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a non-linear amplification loop structure.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the nonlinear amplification loop structure device and the phase shift amount.
Fig. 4(a) is a soliton pulse spectrum, (b) is a soliton pulse autocorrelation curve, (c) is a soliton pulse time domain sequence diagram, and (d) is a soliton pulse spectrum diagram.
FIG. 5(a) is a noise-like pulse spectrum, (b) is a noise-like pulse time domain sequence chart, (c) is a noise-like pulse autocorrelation curve, and (d) is a noise-like pulse spectrum chart.
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the average output power and the total pump power.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser includes a first pump source 1, a second pump source 2, a first polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 3, a second polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 4, a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber 5, a first polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber 6, a polarization-maintaining phase shifter 7, a 2 × 2 coupler 8, a polarization-dependent isolator 9, a second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber 10, and a coupler 11.
A first pumping source 1 and a second pumping source 2 are respectively connected with an end a of a first wavelength division multiplexer 3 and an end d of a second wavelength division multiplexer 4 to form a bidirectional pumping structure and are injected into a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber 5, the end c of a signal end of the first wavelength division multiplexer 3 is connected with a first polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber 6, the other end of the first polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber 6 is connected with the input end of a polarization-maintaining phase shifter 7, the output end of the polarization-maintaining phase shifter 7 is connected with the end g of a first input end of a 2 x 2 coupler 8, the end h of a first output end of the 2 x 2 coupler 8 is connected with a polarization-dependent isolator 9, the output end of the polarization-dependent isolator 9 is connected with an end k of a coupler 11, the end m of the coupler 11 serves as a laser output end, the end l is connected with a second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber 10, the other end of the second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber 10 is connected with the end j of the second output end of the 2 x 2 coupler 8 to form a unidirectional ring, the second input terminal i of the 2 × 2 coupler 8 is connected to the signal f of the second wavelength division multiplexer 4, so as to form an amplification loop.
In the structure, the first polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber and the second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber increase the nonlinear phase shift in the cavity, the polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber, the polarization-maintaining phase shifter and the polarization-maintaining coupler jointly form a nonlinear amplification loop structure for realizing the phase locking of multiple longitudinal modes in the resonant cavity, and the polarization-maintaining phase shifter can increase the transmittance of the nonlinear amplification loop when the nonlinear phase shift is 0, so that the mode locking threshold is reduced. And the first pumping source and the second pumping source are started simultaneously, and when the gain in the resonant cavity is enough, the mode locking pulse can be started automatically without any additional mechanical or electrical control.
All optical fibers and tail fibers of devices in the laser structure are polarization maintaining optical fibers, and a full polarization maintaining resonant cavity structure is realized.
The polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber 5 is used as a gain medium to generate a gain in a 1.55 μm waveband, and the gain fiber can also be selected from polarization-maintaining fibers of other doped elements, such as ytterbium, thulium, holmium and the like, in order to realize laser output in other wavebands.
The first polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber 6 and the second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber 10 are respectively connected into the amplifying ring and the unidirectional ring and used for providing nonlinear phase shift, and simultaneously, the situation that the threshold value is too high due to too large loss of a single loop can be avoided.
The polarization-maintaining phase shifter 7 is connected into the amplifying ring, linear phase shift is introduced to promote mode-locked laser self-starting and reduce the mode-locked threshold, and the position of the phase-maintaining phase shifter in the unidirectional ring is flexible and variable.
The first pump source 1 is started and power is increased to 40mW, multi-longitudinal-mode phase locking is achieved through a nonlinear amplification loop, gain light enters the loop from the first input end of the 2 x 2 coupler 8, due to the fact that polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fibers 5 are placed in the loop in an asymmetric mode, light transmitted in the clockwise direction and light transmitted in the anticlockwise direction experience different nonlinear phase shifts, when two beams of light return to the 2 x 2 coupler 8 again and exit from the second input end, the loop forms intensity-related transmittance changes, a saturated absorption effect is formed, mode locking is achieved, mode locking pulse self-starting is achieved under the effect of the polarization-maintaining phase shifter 7, and conventional soliton pulse output is obtained. The power of the first pump source 1 and the second pump source 2 is gradually increased, when the total power of the two reaches 390mW, the conventional soliton pulse is automatically converted into the noise-like pulse, and the state of the noise-like pulse can be maintained until the maximum pumping power reaches 700 mW. And in the working process, the first pumping source 1 and the second pumping source 2 are closed, and are set to the range of pumping power required by the mode locking pulse again, so that the laser can automatically recover the corresponding mode locking state.
The ends a, b and c of the first wavelength division multiplexer 3 and the ends d, e and f of the second wavelength division multiplexer 4 are respectively a pumping end, a common end and a signal end. The g, i, h, j terminals of the 2 × 2 coupler 8 are a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, respectively. The terminals k, l and m of the coupler 11 are an input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 2, the polarization-maintaining phase shifter 7 is composed of an optical fiber circulator 7-1, an optical fiber collimator 7-2, a Faraday rotator 7-3 and a plane mirror 7-4, and is of a reflective structure. The light transmitted clockwise is incident from the port I of the optical fiber circulator 7-1, is output to the optical fiber collimator 7-2 through the port II, is incident to the Faraday optical rotation crystal 7-3 through the optical fiber collimator 7-2, emergent light is reflected to the Faraday optical rotation crystal 7-3 through the plane mirror 7-4, so that the polarization state is rotated by 90 degrees, and the return light of the Faraday optical rotation crystal 7-3 sequentially returns to the port II of the optical fiber collimator 7-2 and the port II of the optical fiber circulator 7-1 and is finally output through the port III; light transmitted anticlockwise is directly output from the port I after being incident from the port III of the optical fiber circulator 7-1, and the polarization state is kept unchanged. Therefore, the phase shifter introduces an additional pi/2 linear phase shift amount into light between clockwise and counterclockwise directions, and therefore the self-starting probability of mode locking is greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 3, when the nonlinear phase shift amount of the nonlinear amplification loop is 0 after the polarization-maintaining phase shifter 7 is introduced, the transmittance can be increased to be higher than 0.5. This process can be equivalent to that when the first pump source 1 and the second pump source 2 are just started, the nonlinear amplification loop has a larger instantaneous transmittance, and mode-locked pulse self-starting is realized.
FIG. 4(a) is a soliton pulse spectrum with a center wavelength of 1560nm and a 3dB bandwidth of 3.7 nm. Fig. 4(b) is a soliton pulse autocorrelation curve, the pulse width is 863.8fs, fig. 4(c) is a soliton pulse sequence, the pulse time interval is 645.1ns, fig. 4(d) is a soliton pulse frequency spectrum, the repetition frequency is 1.6MHz, the fundamental frequency signal-to-noise ratio is 52dB, and it is proved that the soliton pulse has a better noise characteristic.
Fig. 5(a) is a noise-like pulse spectrogram, the 3dB bandwidth is 13.4nm, fig. 5(b) is a noise-like pulse envelope waveform diagram, the single envelope width is 712ps, fig. 5(c) is a noise-like pulse autocorrelation curve, the peak width at the center of the pedestal is 417.9fs, the average width of a single femtosecond pulse in the corresponding noise-like envelope, fig. 5(d) is a noise-like pulse spectrogram, and the fundamental signal-to-noise ratio is 54 dB.
The invention can generate two femtosecond pulses of traditional soliton and noise-like pulses in the same resonant cavity structure. As shown in fig. 6, when the total power of the first pump source 1 and the second pump source 2 is lower than 390mW, the laser operates in the soliton mode-locked state, and when the total pump power is higher than 390mW, the laser operates in the noise-like mode-locked state, so that the noise-like pulse has a higher output power. In practical application, the conversion between the soliton pulse and the noise-like pulse can be realized only by properly setting the pumping power, and a proper working state can be selected according to actual requirements. In the process of self-starting and state switching of the laser, a polarization state adjusting mechanism is not needed, and the operation is simple. If the output power is required, the laser can be directly connected to a power amplification module, such as a main oscillation power amplifier, a chirped pulse amplifier and the like.
Claims (6)
1. The low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser is characterized by comprising a first pumping source (1), a second pumping source (2), a first polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer (3), a second polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer (4), a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber (5), a first polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber (6), a polarization-maintaining phase shifter (7), a 2 x 2 coupler (8), a polarization-dependent isolator (9), a second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber (10) and a coupler (11);
a first pumping source (1) and a second pumping source (2) are respectively connected with the end a of a first polarization-preserving wavelength division multiplexer (3) and the end d of a second polarization-preserving wavelength division multiplexer (4) to form a bidirectional pumping structure and are injected into a polarization-preserving erbium-doped optical fiber (5); the c end of a signal end of the first polarization-preserving wavelength division multiplexer (3) is connected with a first polarization-preserving single-mode fiber (6), the other end of the first polarization-preserving single-mode fiber (6) is connected with the input end of a polarization-preserving phase shifter (7), the output end of the polarization-preserving phase shifter (7) is connected with the g end of a 2 x 2 coupler (8), the h end of the 2 x 2 coupler (8) is connected with a polarization-related isolator (9), and the output end of the polarization-related isolator (9) is connected with the k end of a coupler (11); the coupler (11) is provided with two output ports, wherein the end m serves as a laser output end, the end l is connected with a second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber (10), the other end of the second polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber (10) is connected with the end j of the 2 x 2 coupler (8) to form a one-way ring, and the second input end of the 2 x 2 coupler (8) is connected with the end f of the second polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexer (4) to form an amplification ring.
2. The low-threshold self-starting full polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser device according to claim 1, wherein all fibers and the tail fibers of the device in the laser structure are polarization-maintaining fibers, so as to realize a full polarization-maintaining resonant cavity structure.
3. The low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser device according to claim 1, wherein the gain fiber is selected as a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber (5), and the output laser is in a 1.55 μm waveband.
4. The low-threshold self-starting full polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser device according to the claim 1, wherein the polarization-maintaining phase shifter (7) is composed of an optical fiber circulator (7-1), an optical fiber collimator (7-2), a Faraday rotator crystal (7-3) and a plane mirror (7-4), and is of a reflective structure; the light transmitted clockwise is incident from the port I of the optical fiber circulator (7-1), is output to the optical fiber collimator (7-2) through the port II, is incident to the Faraday rotator crystal (7-3) through the optical fiber collimator (7-2), emergent light is reflected to the Faraday rotator crystal (7-3) through the plane mirror (7-4), so that the polarization state is rotated by 90 degrees, and the return light of the Faraday rotator crystal (7-3) sequentially returns to the port II of the optical fiber collimator (7-2) and the optical fiber circulator (7-1) and is finally output from the port III; light transmitted anticlockwise is directly output from the port I after being incident from the port III of the optical fiber circulator (7-1), and the polarization state is kept unchanged.
5. The low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser device according to claim 4, wherein the structure of the polarization-maintaining phase shifter (7) is an integrated fiber device with a polarization-maintaining fiber as a tail fiber.
6. The low-threshold self-starting full-polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser device according to claim 4, wherein the linear phase shift amount of the polarization-maintaining phase shifter (7) is pi/2 to realize mode-locked laser self-starting.
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| CN107645118A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-01-30 | 北京大学 | A kind of Gao Zhongying optical fiber laser and control method based on phase bias device principle |
| CN108808432A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-11-13 | 山东大学 | A kind of high power narrow linewidth optical fiber laser and its working method based on Rayleigh scattering |
| CN112271540A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-01-26 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Low-repetition-frequency erbium-doped femtosecond fiber laser |
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