CN110829164A - All-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of simultaneously generating soliton and noise-like pulses - Google Patents
All-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of simultaneously generating soliton and noise-like pulses Download PDFInfo
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
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- H01S3/06791—Fibre ring lasers
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
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- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2746—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means comprising non-reciprocal devices, e.g. isolators, FRM, circulators, quasi-isolators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
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- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06725—Fibre characterized by a specific dispersion, e.g. for pulse shaping in soliton lasers or for dispersion compensating [DCF]
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of simultaneously generating soliton and noise-like pulses, belongs to the technical field of optical information, and aims to solve the technical problem that the working state of the output pulse of the existing all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source is single Imaging, nonlinear frequency conversion, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of generating soliton and noise-like pulses simultaneously, belonging to the technical field of optical information.
Background
The ultrashort pulse light source refers to laser with the time domain width of pulse smaller than picosecond magnitude, has important application in the fields of medical treatment, military affairs, communication, distance measurement, generation of mid-infrared light sources and the like, and becomes one of the laser technologies with the most development prospect at present. The all-fiber ultrashort pulse laser generated by adopting the all-fiber resonant cavity structure has the characteristics of small volume, good heat dissipation and simple manufacturing process, so that the all-fiber ultrashort pulse laser has higher reliability and lower cost and is suitable for large-scale production and application. In addition, by properly controlling parameters such as the total dispersion value, the nonlinear effect and the like of the optical fiber resonant cavity, several working states of the traditional soliton pulse, the dispersion management soliton pulse, the self-similar pulse and the noise-like pulse can be respectively realized.
At present, the generation of all-fiber ultrashort pulse laser is mostly realized by adopting a multi-longitudinal-mode phase locking method, and a graphene, black scale and other two-dimensional material saturable absorbers or fiber ring mirrors, nonlinear polarization rotation and other fiber mode locking structures are mainly adopted. However, the above solutions still have a common problem that the output ultrashort pulse is usually maintained in a single working state, and in practical applications, as more than two ultrashort pulses in different operating states are simultaneously required, two different laser resonators need to be built, which greatly increases the complexity and cost of the system.
Chinese patent publication No. CN105977784A discloses a "noise-like pulse generator", which, as shown in fig. 1, includes a pump source and a fiber ring cavity, and is characterized in that: the fiber ring cavity include connect gradually and form closed loop structure's wavelength division multiplexer, doping type optic fibre, optical isolator, polarizer, polarization controller and fiber coupler with optic fibre, the pump source be connected with wavelength division multiplexer's pump port, fiber coupler include loop output port, target output port and input port, input port and wavelength division multiplexer's common port through by doping type optic fibre optical isolator the polarizer and polarization controller connects gradually the go-between highway section that forms and connects, loop output port with wavelength division multiplexer's signal port connects, target output port be used for exporting "class noise" pulse.
The device adopts a standard annular cavity structure, adopts a polarizer and a polarization controller to realize mode locking, utilizes the Raman effect of optical fibers to assist in generating broadband noise-like pulses, and uses a 10% energy output coupler to generate the broadband noise-like pulses in a full positive dispersion area. However, in the patent, after the mode locking pulse is self-started, the mode locking pulse is limited by the structure of the resonant cavity, and the output ultrashort pulse can only work in a state similar to a noise pulse and cannot simultaneously output a conventional soliton pulse with more stable performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of simultaneously generating soliton and noise-like pulses, aiming at solving the technical problem that the working state of the output pulse of the existing all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source is single. The complexity of the system can be greatly reduced, and the application of the all-fiber mode-locked pulse light source in more leading-edge fields is further promoted while the cost is reduced.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of simultaneously generating soliton and noise-like pulses is characterized in that a first pumping source is connected with an a end of a first wavelength division multiplexer, a second pumping source is connected with a d end of a second wavelength division multiplexer, a c end of the first wavelength division multiplexer and an f end of the second wavelength division multiplexer are respectively connected with two ends of an erbium-doped fiber, an e end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with an h end of a first coupler, an i end of the first coupler is connected with a high nonlinear fiber, the other end of the high nonlinear fiber is connected with a k end of the second coupler, and an l end of the second coupler is connected with a first polarization controller; the other end of the first polarization controller is connected with the input end of the polarization-dependent isolator, the output end of the polarization-dependent isolator is connected with the n end of the optical circulator, the o end of the optical circulator is connected with the reflective adjustable optical attenuator, the p end of the optical circulator is connected with the second polarization controller to form a nonlinear polarization rotation mode locking structure with controllable attenuation, and the other end of the second polarization controller is connected with the b end of the first wavelength division multiplexer to form an all-fiber annular resonant cavity structure;
simultaneously starting a first pump source and a second pump source and properly adjusting the pump power, wherein the total pump power is within the range of 400-550mW, pump light is injected into an erbium-doped fiber through a first wavelength division multiplexer and a second wavelength division multiplexer respectively to generate clockwise and counterclockwise running gains, wherein the counterclockwise gain is isolated by a polarization-dependent isolator, and the clockwise gain forms a stable conventional soliton mode-locked pulse under the action of a nonlinear polarization rotation effect, wherein soliton pulses accounting for 5% of the total power are output from a j port of the first coupler, the remaining 95% of the soliton pulses are injected into a high nonlinear fiber from an i end of the first coupler, the soliton pulses gradually evolve into noise-like pulses in the transmission process of the high nonlinear fiber under the action of the soliton collapse effect, and the noise-like pulses accounting for 50% of the total power are output from an m port of the second coupler, and the rest 50% of the noise-like pulses sequentially pass through the first polarization controller and the polarization-related isolator, then enter an n port of the optical circulator and enter the reflection-type variable optical attenuator from an o port of the circulator, and the attenuated optical pulses enter the second polarization controller from a p port of the circulator and are amplified in the erbium-doped optical fiber so as to be reduced into conventional soliton pulses.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the attenuation-controllable mode locking structure and the double-coupler light splitting structure, can realize the simultaneous output of soliton pulses with stable performance and noise-like pulses with high pulse energy in the same laser resonant cavity structure, increases the practicability of the all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source, greatly reduces the cost, and is suitable for the fields of optical communication, sensing, imaging, nonlinear frequency conversion and the like.
The invention adopts the all-fiber ring-shaped resonant cavity structure, has simple structure, low threshold value, strong anti-interference capability, narrow pulse width of output laser, stable performance and no structural damage, can continuously work all the time, is suitable for mass production, and can be applied to the fields of industrial processing, scientific research and the like on a large scale.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of simultaneously generating soliton and noise-like pulses according to the present invention.
FIG. 2(a) is a graph of soliton pulse output spectra; 2(b) is a soliton pulse time domain sequence diagram; 2(c) is a soliton pulse autocorrelation curve; (d) is a soliton pulse spectrum diagram.
FIG. 3(a) is a noise-like pulse output spectrum; 3(b) is a noise-like pulse autocorrelation curve; 3(c) is a peak amplification diagram of the noise-like pulse autocorrelation curve;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of generating soliton and noise-like pulses simultaneously includes a first pump source 1, a second pump source 2, a first wavelength division multiplexer 3, a second wavelength division multiplexer 4, an erbium-doped fiber 5, a first coupler 6, a high nonlinear fiber 7, a second coupler 8, a first polarization controller 9, a polarization-dependent isolator 10, an optical circulator 11, a reflective variable optical attenuator 12, and a second polarization controller 13.
And the pump light is injected into two ends of the gain fiber to form a bidirectional pump structure. The first pump source 1 is connected with the a end of the first wavelength division multiplexer 3, the second pump source 2 is connected with the d end of the second wavelength division multiplexer 4, the c end of the first wavelength division multiplexer 3 and the f end of the second wavelength division multiplexer 4 are respectively connected with the two ends of the erbium-doped fiber 5, the e end of the second wavelength division multiplexer 4 is connected with the h end of the first coupler 6, the i end of the first coupler 6 is connected with the high nonlinear fiber 7, the other end of the high nonlinear fiber 7 is connected with the k end of the second coupler 8, the l end of the second coupler 8 is connected with the first polarization controller 9, the other end of the first polarization controller 9 is connected with the input end of the polarization-related isolator 10, the output end of the polarization-related isolator 10 is connected with the n end of the optical circulator, the o end of the optical circulator 11 is connected with the reflective attenuator 12, the p end of the optical circulator is connected with the second polarization controller 13, and the other end of the second polarization controller 13 is connected with the end b of the first wavelength division multiplexer 3 to form an all-fiber annular resonant cavity structure. All the devices are welded through tail fibers.
The mode locking structure part, the first polarization controller 9, the polarization correlation isolator 10 and the second polarization controller 13 together form a nonlinear polarization rotation mode locking structure for realizing the phase locking of multiple longitudinal modes in the resonant cavity. The optical circulator 11 and the reflective variable optical attenuator 12 form a resonant cavity loss control structure, so that dynamic balance is achieved between nonlinear effect and loss in the resonant cavity, and soliton and noise-like pulses can be output simultaneously by arranging two output couplers at different positions.
The wavelength of the first pump source 1 and the second pump source 2 is 976nm, and the maximum output power is 400 mW. The erbium-doped fiber 5 is a single-mode erbium-doped fiber with high doping concentration, and is used as a gain fiber, the output waveband is 1550nm, and the length is 15 cm. If other particle-doped gain fibers are used in the resonant cavity, the output laser band can be changed without affecting the mode-locked pulse type, and the invention is within the protection scope.
The splitting ratio of the j-terminal to the i-terminal of the first coupler 6 is 5/95. The splitting ratio of the l-terminal to the m-terminal of the second coupler 8 is 50/50. If a coupler with other splitting ratio is selected, the output soliton pulse power is changed, and the mode locking pulse type is not influenced, so that the method is within the protection scope of the patent.
The length of the highly nonlinear optical fiber 7 is selected to be 30 m. If other optical fiber lengths are selected or nonlinear optical fibers with similar types such as dispersion compensation fibers are selected as substitutes, the structure of the resonant cavity is slightly changed, and the basic generation mechanism of mode-locking pulses is not influenced, so that the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
The resonant cavity loss control structure formed by the optical circulator 11 and the reflective variable optical attenuator 12 makes the nonlinear effect and the loss in the resonant cavity reach dynamic balance, thereby realizing the simultaneous output of soliton and noise-like pulses.
Meanwhile, the first pump source 1 and the second pump source 2 are started and the pump power is properly adjusted, so that stable fundamental frequency mode locking pulse output can be realized when the total pump power is within the range of 400-550 mW. Pumping light is respectively injected into an erbium-doped fiber 5 through a first wavelength division multiplexer 3 and a second wavelength division multiplexer 4 to generate clockwise and anticlockwise running gains, wherein the anticlockwise gain is isolated by a polarization-dependent isolator 10, the clockwise gain forms a stable conventional soliton mode-locked pulse under the action of a nonlinear polarization rotation effect, wherein soliton pulses accounting for 5% of the total power are output from a j port of a first coupler 6, the rest 95% of the soliton pulses are injected into a high-nonlinearity fiber 7 from an i end of the first coupler 6, under the action of a soliton collapse effect, the soliton pulses gradually evolve into noise-like pulses in the transmission process of the high-nonlinearity fiber 7, the noise-like pulses accounting for 50% of the total power are output from an m port of a second coupler 8, and the rest 50% of the noise-like pulses sequentially pass through a first polarization controller 9, After the polarization-dependent isolator 10 is incident to the n port of the optical circulator 11, the light pulse after attenuation is incident to the reflective adjustable optical attenuator 12 from the o port of the circulator 11, and the light pulse after attenuation is incident to the second polarization controller 13 from the p port of the circulator 11 and amplified in the erbium-doped fiber 5, so that the light pulse is reduced to a conventional soliton pulse. Therefore, the whole structure can simultaneously realize the simultaneous output of the conventional soliton pulse and the noise-like pulse.
Fig. 2(a) is a spectrum diagram of a conventional soliton pulse, the center wavelength of the output laser is 1560nm, the 3dB spectral bandwidth is 3.7nm, Kelly sidebands with symmetrical positions and small intensity difference exist at two sides of the spectrum, and the mode-locked pulse is illustrated to work in a conventional soliton state at this time.
Fig. 2(b) is a time domain sequence diagram of soliton pulses, the soliton pulses keep running continuously in a time domain range of 300ns, no loss of lock phenomenon occurs, and the pulse interval is 29 ns.
Fig. 2(c) is a soliton pulse autocorrelation curve, experimental data can be perfectly fitted by adopting a hyperbolic secant function, and the time domain width of the soliton pulse is calculated to be 850 fs.
Fig. 2(d) is a graph of a soliton pulse spectrum, in a 300MHz scanning range, soliton pulses have a very flat frequency spectrum distribution, and a signal-to-noise ratio of each frequency curve can reach 40dB, which illustrates that the soliton pulses work in a low noise environment.
Fig. 3(a) is a spectrum diagram of a noise-like pulse, which is affected by a nonlinear effect, and in the process of the soliton pulse being evolved into the noise-like pulse, a 3dB spectral bandwidth is broadened to 26.9nm, and a central wavelength is shifted to 1620 nm.
Fig. 3(b) shows the autocorrelation curve of a noise-like pulse, which has a wider pedestal, and a peak with a width of fs above the pedestal, which is the standard characteristic of a noise-like pulse.
Fig. 3(c) is an enlarged view of a peak of the autocorrelation curve of the noise-like pulse, wherein the peak has a width of 289fs, the noise-like pulse is substantially a pulse envelope formed by a plurality of ultrashort pulses bound to each other in the time domain, and the width of the peak is an average width of a single ultrashort pulse.
The all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of simultaneously generating soliton and noise-like pulses can realize the simultaneous output of the soliton pulses and the noise-like pulses by only starting the first pumping source 1 and the second pumping source 2 to the specified pumping power and properly controlling the attenuation value of the reflective adjustable optical attenuator 12 in the using process, the output power is in mW magnitude, and the stable operation of the mode locking pulses cannot be damaged in the adjusting process. The soliton pulse has high stability, distortion cannot be generated due to the influence of factors such as chromatic dispersion and the like in the transmission process, the noise-like pulse has high peak power, and the peak power can reach more than 1kW under the condition of output power of mW magnitude. Therefore, the invention has important application prospect in the fields of communication, sensing, nonlinear frequency conversion and the like.
Claims (5)
1. The all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of generating soliton and noise-like pulses simultaneously is characterized in that a first pumping source (1) is connected with an a end of a first wavelength division multiplexer (3), a second pumping source (2) is connected with a d end of a second wavelength division multiplexer (4), a c end of the first wavelength division multiplexer (3) and an f end of the second wavelength division multiplexer (4) are respectively connected with two ends of an erbium-doped fiber (5), an e end of the second wavelength division multiplexer (4) is connected with an h end of a first coupler (6), an i end of the first coupler (6) is connected with a high nonlinear fiber (7), the other end of the high nonlinear fiber (7) is connected with a k end of a second coupler (8), and an l end of the second coupler (8) is connected with a first polarization controller (9); the other end of the first polarization controller (9) is connected with the input end of a polarization-dependent isolator (10), the output end of the polarization-dependent isolator (10) is connected with the n end of an optical circulator, the o end of the optical circulator (11) is connected with a reflective variable optical attenuator (12), the p end of the optical circulator (11) is connected with a second polarization controller (13) to form an attenuation-controllable nonlinear polarization rotation mode locking structure, and the other end of the second polarization controller (13) is connected with the b end of the first wavelength division multiplexer (3) to form an all-fiber annular resonant cavity structure;
simultaneously starting a first pump source (1) and a second pump source (2) and properly adjusting the pump power, wherein the total pump power is 400-550mW, pump light is respectively injected into an erbium-doped fiber (5) through a first wavelength division multiplexer (3) and a second wavelength division multiplexer (4) to generate running gains in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, wherein the gain in the counterclockwise direction is isolated by a polarization-dependent isolator (10), the gain in the clockwise direction forms a stable conventional soliton mode-locked pulse under the action of a nonlinear polarization rotation effect, wherein a soliton pulse accounting for 5% of the total power is output from a j port of a first coupler (6), the remaining 95% of the soliton pulse is injected into a high nonlinear fiber (7) from an i end of the first coupler (6), and the soliton pulse gradually evolves into a noise-like pulse in the transmission process of the high nonlinear fiber (7) under the action of the soliton effect, the noise-like pulses accounting for 50% of the total power are output from the port m of the second coupler (8), the remaining 50% of the noise-like pulses sequentially pass through the first polarization controller (9) and the polarization-dependent isolator (10), then are incident to the port n of the optical circulator (11), and are incident to the reflective variable optical attenuator (12) from the port o of the circulator (11), and the attenuated optical pulses are incident to the second polarization controller (13) from the port p of the circulator (11), and are amplified in the erbium-doped fiber (5), so that the optical pulses are reduced to conventional soliton pulses.
2. The all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of generating soliton and noise-like pulses simultaneously as claimed in claim 1, wherein the erbium-doped fiber (5) is a single-mode erbium-doped fiber with high doping concentration, and the output waveband is 1550 nm.
3. The all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of generating soliton and noise-like pulses simultaneously as claimed in claim 1, wherein the splitting ratio of the first coupler (6) is 5/95, and the splitting ratio of the second coupler (8) is 50/50.
4. The all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of simultaneously generating soliton and noise-like pulses according to claim 1, wherein the length of the high nonlinear optical fiber (7) is 30 m.
5. The all-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of generating soliton and noise-like pulses simultaneously as claimed in claim 1, wherein a resonator loss control structure formed by the circulator (11) and the reflective variable optical attenuator (12) achieves dynamic balance between nonlinear effect and loss in the resonator, thereby realizing simultaneous output of soliton and noise-like pulses.
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| CN113991414A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-28 | 电子科技大学 | All-fiber laser system capable of simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsating-state rectangular pulses |
| CN113991414B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-02-28 | 电子科技大学 | All-fiber laser system capable of simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsating-state rectangular pulses |
| CN114268007A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-01 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Bidirectional mode-locked fiber laser for generating double optical combs |
| RU2816863C1 (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2024-04-05 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарёва" | Source of difference frequency generation based on non-stationary solitons in fiber laser with passive mode locking |
| CN116826496A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-09-29 | 光科芯图(北京)科技有限公司 | Infrared seed light source and laser system |
| CN116826496B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2024-01-26 | 光科芯图(北京)科技有限公司 | Infrared seed light source and laser system |
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