CN113991414B - All-fiber laser system capable of simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsating-state rectangular pulses - Google Patents

All-fiber laser system capable of simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsating-state rectangular pulses Download PDF

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CN113991414B
CN113991414B CN202111238037.4A CN202111238037A CN113991414B CN 113991414 B CN113991414 B CN 113991414B CN 202111238037 A CN202111238037 A CN 202111238037A CN 113991414 B CN113991414 B CN 113991414B
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王壮
李和平
李俊文
张旨遥
刘永
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06791Fibre ring lasers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/11Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/11Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
    • H01S3/1106Mode locking

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Abstract

The invention discloses an all-fiber laser system capable of simultaneously outputting stable-state and pulsating-state rectangular pulses, and aims to solve the technical problem that the conventional fiber laser is difficult to simultaneously output rectangular laser pulses in different running states. The system comprises a pumping source (1), a wavelength division multiplexer (2), an ytterbium-doped gain fiber (3), a first single-mode fiber (4), a 2 x 2 coupler (5), a second single-mode fiber (6), a first fiber circulator (7), a fiber filter (8), a first 1 x 2 coupler (9), a second fiber circulator (10), a third single-mode fiber (11) and a second 1 x 2 coupler (12). The invention has the advantages of compact structure, low system cost, good stability and the like. Compared with the prior art, the system has the capability of outputting two rectangular pulses in different running states, and is a multipurpose composite laser light source.

Description

All-fiber laser system capable of simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsating-state rectangular pulses
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser, and particularly relates to a design of an all-fiber laser system capable of simultaneously outputting stable-state and pulse-state rectangular pulses.
Background
As a laser light source with wide application prospect, the mode-locked fiber laser has the advantages of good beam quality, high peak power, compact structure, good stability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of basic scientific research, high-speed optical communication, micro machining, ultrafast laser spectrum, precise metering and the like.
Free-running lasers produce laser light in the cavity at a plurality of resonant frequencies, which are free to oscillate in the cavity, these resonant frequencies being referred to as the longitudinal modes of the laser. The mode locking technology can realize the locking of a plurality of longitudinal mode phases in the laser, so that the longitudinal modes are coherently superposed to generate the mode locking soliton pulse in a time domain. The optical soliton is a wave packet which keeps the pulse shape unchanged during transmission in an optical fiber, and the pulse soliton is a localized structure of which the pulse peak power, the pulse width and the energy are periodically changed during the transmission process, and has a plurality of applications in the field of optical engineering. At present, most researches on passive mode-locked fiber lasers are limited to stable solitons, the stable mode-locked area of the fiber laser only covers a very small range of the parameter space of a laser cavity, and the pulse characteristics output by the passive mode-locked fiber laser change along with time under more conditions. Since the discovery of the pulsed soliton, pulsed soliton fiber lasers have attracted increasing research interest to researchers due to their unique output pulse characteristics.
At present, most pulse types generated by a passive mode-locked fiber laser are stable traditional solitons or dissipative solitons, the types of pulses are limited by a soliton area theory, and pulse splitting can be caused when the pumping power is too high. The solution to this problem is to introduce a rectangular non-wavesplitting pulse. In recent years, a pulse with a time domain waveform approximate to a rectangle attracts people's attention, under the condition of a proper laser cavity parameter, along with the rise of pump power, a generated optical pulse cannot be split, the peak power of the generated optical pulse is kept unchanged, the time domain pulse width is continuously increased, and the output pulse energy can be several orders of magnitude higher than the conventional pulse energy. Recent research also finds that under the condition of specific cavity parameters, the stable-state rectangular pulse can be converted into the periodically-doubled rectangular pulse by increasing the pump power, the peak power of the rectangular pulse output by the fiber laser working in the state is changed alternately between two fixed values, and the effect of clamping the peak power of the pulse in the cavity can be broken through, but how to obtain the pulse dynamic rectangular pulse with high energy still is a technical problem. On the other hand, the most of the existing passive mode-locked fiber lasers adopt unidirectional mode locking, which enables the lasers to generally output pulses in one running state, limits the practical application range of the fiber lasers and increases the application cost.
Therefore, the all-fiber structure laser pulse system with lower cost is designed to realize the simultaneous output of the steady-state rectangular pulse and the pulsating-state rectangular pulse, and has important application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing mode-locked fiber laser is difficult to output rectangular laser pulses in two running states at the same time, and provides an all-fiber laser system capable of outputting stable-state and pulsating-state rectangular pulses at the same time.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an all-fiber laser system capable of simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulse-state rectangular pulses comprises a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a ytterbium-doped gain fiber, a first single-mode fiber, a 2 x 2 coupler, a second single-mode fiber, a first fiber circulator, a fiber filter, a first 1 x 2 coupler, a second fiber circulator, a third single-mode fiber and a second 1 x 2 coupler; the pumping source is connected with the input end of the wavelength division multiplexer; the wavelength division multiplexer, the ytterbium-doped gain fiber, the first single-mode fiber and the 2 multiplied by 2 coupler are connected in a closed loop mode to form a nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locker;
the third single-mode fiber, the second fiber circulator, the second 1 multiplied by 2 coupler, the first fiber circulator, the second single-mode fiber and the nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locker are sequentially connected to form a laser cavity running in the clockwise direction; the second single-mode fiber, the first fiber circulator, the fiber filter, the first 1 x 2 coupler, the second fiber circulator, the third single-mode fiber and the nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locker are sequentially connected to form a laser cavity running in the anticlockwise direction; the second single-mode fiber and the third single-mode fiber simultaneously introduce positive dispersion to a laser cavity running in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, and provide dispersion conditions required by rectangular pulses in the two directions; the output end of the second 1 x 2 coupler directly outputs a clockwise steady state soliton pulse, and the time domain waveform of the steady state soliton pulse is approximately rectangular; the optical fiber filter performs spectrum filtering on the pulse transmitted in the anticlockwise direction, introduces energy loss and realizes the running of the pulse in a pulsating state; the output end of the first 1 x 2 coupler directly outputs a pulse state soliton pulse in a counterclockwise direction, and the time domain waveform of the pulse state soliton pulse is approximate to a rectangle.
Preferably, the pump source is a semiconductor laser or a fiber laser, and the central wavelength λ of the output pump light is 980nm.
Preferably, the wavelength division multiplexer has an operating wavelength of 980nm/1060nm.
Preferably, the ytterbium-doped gain fiber has a positive dispersion at 1060nm.
Preferably, the 2 × 2 coupler has an operating wavelength of 1060nm and a coupling ratio of 40/60.
Preferably, the first, second and third single mode optical fibers each have an operating wavelength of 1060nm and a positive dispersion at 1060nm.
Preferably, the operating wavelength of the first fiber optic circulator and the second fiber optic circulator is 1060nm.
Preferably, the optical fiber filter has a center wavelength of 1060nm and an operating bandwidth of 15nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The devices used in the invention are all commercialized and are easy to purchase, so that the method is easy to implement.
(2) The invention adopts an all-fiber structure, and has high coupling efficiency, good light beam quality and good heat dissipation.
(3) The laser system provided by the invention can respectively and simultaneously output the clockwise stable rectangular pulse and the counterclockwise pulsating rectangular pulse, thereby enhancing the application range of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber laser system capable of outputting steady-state and pulsed rectangular pulses simultaneously according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the evolution of the output pulse of the laser system at the first 1 × 2 coupler 9 with the number of transmission turns in the cavity.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the energy of the output pulse of the laser system at the first 1 x 2 coupler 9 as a function of the number of turns transmitted within the cavity.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the pulse width of the output pulse of the laser system at the first 1 x 2 coupler 9 as a function of the number of transmission turns within the cavity.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the evolution of the number of output pulses of the laser system at the second 1 × 2 coupler 12 with the number of transmission turns in the cavity.
Description of reference numerals: 1-pumping source, 2-wavelength division multiplexer, 3-ytterbium-doped gain fiber, 4-first single mode fiber, 5-2 x 2 coupler, 6-second single mode fiber, 7-first fiber circulator, 8-fiber filter, 9-first 1 x 2 coupler, 10-second fiber circulator, 11-third single mode fiber, 12-second 1 x 2 coupler, and three ports of a, b, c-fiber circulator.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an all-fiber laser system capable of simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulse-state rectangular pulses, as shown in fig. 1, a pumping source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, a ytterbium-doped gain fiber 3, a first single-mode fiber 4, a 2 × 2 coupler 5, a second single-mode fiber 6, a first fiber circulator 7, a fiber filter 8, a first 1 × 2 coupler 9, a second fiber circulator 10, a third single-mode fiber 11 and a second 1 × 2 coupler 12; the pumping source 1 is connected with the input end of the wavelength division multiplexer 2; the wavelength division multiplexer 2, the ytterbium-doped gain fiber 3, the first single-mode fiber 4 and the 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 5 are connected in a closed loop mode to form a nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locker;
the third single-mode fiber 11, the second fiber circulator 10, the second 1 × 2 coupler 12, the first fiber circulator 7, the second single-mode fiber 6 and the nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locker are sequentially connected to form a laser cavity running in the clockwise direction; the second single-mode fiber 6, the first fiber circulator 7, the fiber filter 8, the first 1 × 2 coupler 9, the second fiber circulator 10, the third single-mode fiber 11 and the nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locker are sequentially connected to form a laser cavity running in the counterclockwise direction; the second single-mode fiber 6 and the third single-mode fiber 11 introduce positive dispersion to the laser cavity running in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction at the same time, and provide dispersion conditions required by rectangular pulses in the two directions; the output end of the second 1 × 2 coupler 12 directly outputs a steady state soliton pulse in the clockwise direction, and the time domain waveform of the steady state soliton pulse is approximately rectangular; the optical fiber filter 8 performs spectrum filtering on the pulse transmitted in the anticlockwise direction, introduces energy loss and realizes the running of the pulse in a pulsating state; the output end of the first 1 × 2 coupler 9 directly outputs a pulse state soliton pulse in a counterclockwise direction, and the time domain waveform of the pulse state soliton pulse is approximately rectangular.
Wherein, the working wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is 980nm/1060nm.
The ytterbium-doped gain fiber 3 may be a gain fiber produced by Nufern corporation and having a length of1m, the Abbe number beta at 1060nm 2 Is 20ps 2 /km。
The coupling ratio of the 2 x 2 coupler 5 is 40/60.
The first single mode optical fiber 4, the second single mode optical fiber 6 and the third single mode optical fiber 11 can be single mode optical fibers of 1060-XP type manufactured by Nufern corporation, and the dispersion coefficient beta is 1060nm 2 Is 23ps 2 /km。
The operating wavelength of the first fiber circulator 7 and the second fiber circulator 10 is 1060nm.
The central wavelength of the fiber filter 8 is 1060nm and the operating bandwidth is 15nm.
The physical model and the numerical simulation method related in the invention are as follows:
in order to truly and accurately simulate the generation and evolution process of the bidirectional rectangular laser pulse in the system provided by the invention, the adopted physical model fully considers the influence of each discrete device in the system on the pulse transmission in the cavity and carries out numerical solution through a step-by-step Fourier algorithm. Multiplying the optical field by a transmission matrix corresponding to the device when the optical pulse passes through the intracavity device; when an optical pulse passes through the intracavity optical fiber, the transmission characteristic of the pulse in the optical fiber is described by adopting a Kiltzburg-Landau equation:
Figure BDA0003318134180000041
wherein A represents the amplitude envelope of the light field; t and z are time and transmission distance, respectively; i is an imaginary unit; beta is a 2 Gamma and omega g Respectively representing the second-order dispersion, the nonlinear parameter and the gain bandwidth of the optical fiber. g is the fiber gain coefficient, g =0 for ordinary fibers. Considering the gain saturation effect, the gain factor g can be expressed as:
g=g 0 exp(-E p /E s ) (2)
in the formula g 0 ,E p And E s Respectively representing the small signal gain factor, the pulse energy and the gain saturation energy.
For the all-fiber provided by the inventionThe laser system carries out numerical simulation, and in order to accurately simulate the system provided by the invention, the following simulation parameters are set: the ytterbium-doped gain fiber 3 has a length of 1m and a beta at 1060nm 2 Is 20ps 2 The nonlinear parameter gamma is 3/W/km; gain bandwidth omega of ytterbium-doped gain fiber 3 g Is 40nm; small signal gain g 0 Is 20/m; gain saturation energy E s 5.6nJ; the first single mode fibre 4 has a length of 3m and beta at 1060nm 2 Is 23ps 2 The nonlinear parameter gamma is 3/W/km; the coupling ratio of the 2 × 2 coupler 5 is 40/60; the length of the second single mode fibre 6 is 2m; the central wavelength of the optical fiber filter 8 is 1060nm, and the working bandwidth is 15nm; the coupling ratios of the first 1 × 2 coupler 9 and the second 1 × 2 coupler 12 are both 50/50; the length of the third single mode optical fibre 11 is 1m.
The specific principle and numerical simulation result of the invention are as follows:
the all-fiber laser system for simultaneously outputting the stable-state rectangular pulse and the pulsating-state rectangular pulse adopts a nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locking technology. In the system, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, an ytterbium-doped gain optical fiber 3, a first single-mode optical fiber 4 and a 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 5 are connected in a closed loop to form a mode locker (in the invention, the mode locker refers to a nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locker).
Pulses running clockwise and anticlockwise exist in the mode locker at the same time, and after being amplified by the ytterbium-doped gain optical fiber 3, the pulses are interfered in the 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 5 to realize mode locking. When the peak power of the incident pulse is smaller than the power threshold value which enables the mode locker to generate the peak power clamping effect, the mode locker has high transmissivity on the center of the pulse and low transmissivity on the front edge and the rear edge of the pulse, so that the strength of the front edge and the rear edge of the pulse is weakened, and the compression of the pulse width is further realized.
Continuing to increase the power of the pump source 1, the pulse peak power in the ytterbium-doped fiber laser cavity increases until the threshold for peak power clamping is exceeded. The transmission in the central part of the pulse is also reduced so that the pulse peak power is clamped and the pulse temporal shape gradually becomes rectangular. In this case, the power of the pump source 1 is further increased, and the pulse width is increased while the pulse peak power is kept constant, thereby forming a high-energy rectangular pulse. The mode locker and the optical fiber loop of the opposite path on the right side of the system respectively form laser cavities running in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction, and because the parameters of the laser cavities in different running directions are different (only an optical fiber filter exists in the anticlockwise direction to carry out spectrum filtering on transmitted pulses and introduce energy loss), the laser cavities running in the two directions work in different rectangular pulse running states, finally the laser system obtains pulsating-state rectangular pulses at the output end of the first 1 x 2 coupler 9 and stable-state rectangular pulses at the output end of the second 1 x 2 coupler 12.
The all-fiber laser system which simultaneously outputs the stable-state rectangular pulse and the pulse-state rectangular pulse provided by the invention is subjected to numerical simulation, and the result is as follows:
fig. 2 is a graph showing the evolution of the number of output pulses of the laser system at the first 1 × 2 coupler 9 with the number of transmission turns in the cavity. It can be seen that the pulse width and peak power of the pulse vary periodically with the number of transmission turns, and the pulse time domain waveform of each turn is approximately rectangular, which indicates that the laser outputs rectangular pulses in a pulsating state.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the energy of the output pulse of the laser system at the first 1 x 2 coupler 9 as a function of the number of turns transmitted within the cavity.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the pulse width of the output pulse of the laser system at the first 1 x 2 coupler 9 as a function of the number of transmission turns within the cavity.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the evolution of the number of output pulses of the laser system at the second 1 × 2 coupler 12 with the number of transmission turns in the cavity. It can be seen that the pulse width and peak power of the pulse do not evolve with the number of transmission turns, and the pulse time domain waveform of each turn is approximately rectangular, indicating that the laser output is a steady-state rectangular pulse.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. An all-fiber laser system for simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsed rectangular pulses, comprising: the optical fiber coupler comprises a pumping source (1), a wavelength division multiplexer (2), an ytterbium-doped gain optical fiber (3), a first single-mode optical fiber (4), a 2 x 2 coupler (5), a second single-mode optical fiber (6), a first optical fiber circulator (7), an optical fiber filter (8), a first 1 x 2 coupler (9), a second optical fiber circulator (10), a third single-mode optical fiber (11) and a second 1 x 2 coupler (12); the pumping source (1) is connected with the input end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2); the wavelength division multiplexer (2), the ytterbium-doped gain optical fiber (3), the first single-mode optical fiber (4) and the 2 x 2 coupler (5) are connected in a closed loop mode to form a nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locker;
the third single-mode fiber (11), the second fiber circulator (10), the second 1X 2 coupler (12), the first fiber circulator (7), the second single-mode fiber (6) and the nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locker are sequentially connected to form a laser cavity running in the clockwise direction; the second single-mode fiber (6), the first fiber circulator (7), the fiber filter (8), the first 1 x 2 coupler (9), the second fiber circulator (10), the third single-mode fiber (11) and the nonlinear amplification ring mirror mode locker are sequentially connected to form a laser cavity running in the counterclockwise direction; the second single-mode fiber (6) and the third single-mode fiber (11) introduce positive dispersion for laser cavities running in clockwise and anticlockwise directions simultaneously, and rectangular pulses in the two directions are provided to generate required dispersion conditions; the output end of the second 1 x 2 coupler (12) directly outputs a steady state soliton pulse in the clockwise direction, and the time domain waveform of the steady state soliton pulse is approximate to a rectangle; the optical fiber filter (8) performs spectrum filtering on the pulse transmitted in the anticlockwise direction, energy loss is introduced, so that generation of pulse soliton pulse is realized, and pulse peak power, pulse width and energy of the pulse soliton pulse show periodic changes in the transmission process; the output end of the first 1 x 2 coupler (9) directly outputs a pulse state soliton pulse in a counterclockwise direction, and the time domain waveform of the pulse state soliton pulse is approximate to a rectangle.
2. The all-fiber laser system for simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsed rectangular pulses as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pump source (1) is a semiconductor laser or a fiber laser, and the central wavelength λ of the output pump light is 980nm.
3. The all-fiber laser system for simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsed-state rectangular pulses according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength division multiplexer (2) has an operating wavelength of 980nm/1060nm.
4. The all-fiber laser system outputting both steady-state and pulsed square pulses as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ytterbium-doped gain fiber (3) has positive dispersion at 1060nm.
5. The all-fiber laser system for simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsed-state rectangular pulses according to claim 1, wherein said 2 x 2 coupler (5) has an operating wavelength of 1060nm and a coupling ratio of 40/60.
6. The all-fiber laser system for simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsed-state rectangular pulses according to claim 1, wherein the first single-mode fiber (4), the second single-mode fiber (6) and the third single-mode fiber (11) each have an operating wavelength of 1060nm and have a positive dispersion at 1060nm.
7. The all-fiber laser system for simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsed-state rectangular pulses according to claim 1, wherein the operating wavelength of said first fiber circulator (7) and said second fiber circulator (10) is 1060nm.
8. The all-fiber laser system for simultaneously outputting steady-state and pulsed rectangular pulses according to claim 1, wherein said fiber filter (8) has a center wavelength of 1060nm and an operating bandwidth of 15nm.
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CN111129937A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-05-08 山东省科学院激光研究所 Narrow-band picosecond mode-locked fiber laser
CN112613615A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-06 杭州电子科技大学 Logic arithmetic unit containing two semiconductor optical amplifiers

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EP3202000A4 (en) * 2014-09-30 2018-05-16 IPG Photonics Corporation Giant-chirp all-normal-dispersion sub-nanosecond fiber oscillator

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CN106099631A (en) * 2016-07-26 2016-11-09 江苏师范大学 A kind of all-fiber dissipative solitons resonance mode-locked laser
CN109066278A (en) * 2018-08-22 2018-12-21 华中科技大学 The two-way polymorphic soliton fiber laser of mode locking
CN110829164A (en) * 2019-11-19 2020-02-21 长春理工大学 All-fiber ultrashort pulse light source capable of simultaneously generating soliton and noise-like pulses
CN111129937A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-05-08 山东省科学院激光研究所 Narrow-band picosecond mode-locked fiber laser
CN112613615A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-06 杭州电子科技大学 Logic arithmetic unit containing two semiconductor optical amplifiers

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