CN109149328B - Environmentally stable low-repetition-frequency linear cavity picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser - Google Patents
Environmentally stable low-repetition-frequency linear cavity picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN109149328B CN109149328B CN201810966193.4A CN201810966193A CN109149328B CN 109149328 B CN109149328 B CN 109149328B CN 201810966193 A CN201810966193 A CN 201810966193A CN 109149328 B CN109149328 B CN 109149328B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06795—Fibre lasers with superfluorescent emission, e.g. amplified spontaneous emission sources for fibre laser gyrometers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
- H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
- H01S3/1118—Semiconductor saturable absorbers, e.g. semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors [SESAMs]; Solid-state saturable absorbers, e.g. carbon nanotube [CNT] based
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-stable low-repetition-frequency-line cavity picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser, wherein any end of a fiber Bragg grating is connected with a second fiber isolator, the other port of the fiber Bragg grating is connected with one port of a fiber delay line, the other port of the fiber delay line is connected with a first port of a fiber coupler, the second port of the fiber coupler is connected with the input end of the fiber isolator, the other end of the fiber isolator is used as a picosecond laser pulse output port, a third port of the fiber coupler is connected with a ytterbium-doped fiber, the other end of the ytterbium-doped fiber is connected with a common end of a wavelength division multiplexer, and a pumping end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with an output end of a pumping source. The invention leads the pulse energy in the optical fiber delay line to be lower by introducing the optical fiber coupler into the cavity, thereby reducing the accumulation of nonlinear phase shift, and on the other hand, the nonlinear phase shift of the optical fiber with unit length is reduced by utilizing the large mode field optical fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser precision machining, laser cleaning and other industries, in particular to an environment-stable low-repetition-frequency linear cavity picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser.
Background
The low repetition frequency and large energy picosecond laser with the wave band of 1 micron has wide application in the fields of laser precision machining, laser cleaning and the like. The ytterbium-doped picosecond laser mainly adopts a linear cavity fully-polarization-maintaining optical fiber saturable absorber mode locking structure in the current industry, and has the advantages of designable output pulse width, compact structure, stability and reliability. However, such lasers experience a Q-lock mode, a single pulse state, and a multi-pulse state, respectively, as the intracavity pumping power increases, subject to Q-switching instability and accumulation of nonlinear phase shifts. Operating the laser in a stable monopulse state requires that the laser maintain sufficient energy while having a low nonlinear phase shift. In contrast, when the repetition rate is decreased (i.e., the cavity length is increased), the area of the operating state region of the single pulse is compressed, so that the laser can make three states transition with each other when subjected to perturbation, and the laser cannot operate stably. Therefore, the current technical solution is to design the repetition frequency of the laser to be above 20MHz, and then use a pulse pickup outside the laser to reduce the repetition frequency to several MHz, which results in complexity of the device and reduces the energy conversion efficiency.
Therefore, how to obtain the environmentally stable low repetition frequency picosecond optical fiber laser has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides an environment-stable low-repetition-frequency linear cavity picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an environment-stable low-repetition-frequency-line cavity picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser comprises a fiber Bragg grating, a fiber delay line, a fiber isolator I, a fiber isolator II, a fiber coupler, a ytterbium-doped fiber, a wavelength division multiplexer, a pumping source and a saturable absorber reflector with a tail fiber, wherein any end of the fiber Bragg grating is connected with the fiber isolator II, the other port of the fiber Bragg grating is connected with one port of the fiber delay line, the other port of the fiber delay line is connected with the port I of the fiber coupler, the port II of the fiber coupler is connected with the input end of the fiber isolator I, the other end of the fiber isolator I is used as a picosecond laser pulse output port, the port III of the fiber coupler is connected with the ytterbium-doped fiber, the other end of the ytterbium-doped fiber is connected with the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the pumping end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the output end of the pumping source, and the signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the input end of the optical fiber type saturable absorber reflector.
The diameter range of the fiber core mode field of the fiber Bragg grating is 10-20 mu m, the reflectivity is more than 90%, the 3dB reflection bandwidth range is 0.02-1 nm, and the central wavelength range is 1000-1080 nm.
The ytterbium-doped optical fiber is characterized in that the doping component of the ytterbium-doped optical fiber is ytterbium element, the doping matrix is silicate glass, the diameter range of a mode field of the optical fiber is 7-20 mu m, and the ytterbium-doped optical fiber is a single-mode or multi-mode optical fiber.
The diameters of the mode fields of the optical fibers of the fiber Bragg grating, the fiber delay line, the first fiber isolator, the second fiber isolator, the fiber coupler, the ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the wavelength division multiplexer, the pumping source and the saturable absorber reflector with the tail fiber are all 7-20 mu m, and the optical fibers are single-mode or multi-mode optical fibers.
The ratio of the first port of the optical fiber coupler to the second port of the optical fiber coupler is 50: 50-90: 10.
The length of the optical fiber between the optical fiber coupler and the ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the length of the optical fiber between the ytterbium-doped optical fiber and the wavelength division multiplexer, and the length of the optical fiber between the wavelength division multiplexer and the saturable absorber reflector with the tail fiber are all less than 30 cm; the total length of the tail fiber of the fiber Bragg grating in the cavity, the fiber delay line and the port-tail fiber of the fiber coupler is more than 15 m.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention leads the pulse energy in the optical fiber delay line to be lower by introducing the optical fiber coupler into the cavity, thereby reducing the accumulation of nonlinear phase shift, and on the other hand, the nonlinear phase shift of the optical fiber with unit length is reduced by utilizing the large mode field optical fiber. By using this technique, the repetition rate of the laser can be reduced from the now common 20MHz to below 2MHz while keeping the output pulse width constant during this process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, an environment-stable low-repetition-frequency-line cavity picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser includes a fiber bragg grating 1, a fiber delay line 2, a fiber isolator I3, a fiber isolator II 9, a fiber coupler 4, a ytterbium-doped fiber 5, a wavelength division multiplexer 6, a pump source 7 and a saturable absorber mirror 8 with a tail fiber, wherein any end of the fiber bragg grating 1 is connected with the fiber isolator II 9, the other port of the fiber bragg grating 1 is connected with one port of the fiber delay line 2, the other port of the fiber delay line 2 is connected with the first port of the fiber coupler 4, the second port of the fiber coupler 4 is connected with the input end of the fiber isolator I3, the other end of the fiber isolator I3 is used as a picosecond laser pulse output port, the third port of the fiber coupler 4 is connected with the ytterbium-doped fiber 5, the other end of the ytterbium-doped fiber 5 is connected with the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer 6, the pumping end of the wavelength division multiplexer 6 is connected with the output end of the pumping source 7, and the signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer 6 is connected with the input end of the saturable absorber reflector 8 with tail fiber.
The diameter range of the fiber core mode field of the fiber Bragg grating 1 is 10-20 mu m, the reflectivity is more than 90%, the 3dB reflection bandwidth range is 0.02-1 nm, and the central wavelength range is 1000-1080 nm.
The ytterbium-doped optical fiber 5 is characterized in that the doping component is ytterbium element, the doping substrate is silicate glass, and the diameter range of the optical fiber mode field is 7-20 mu m.
The diameters of the mode fields of the optical fibers of the fiber Bragg grating 1, the fiber delay line 2, the fiber isolator I3, the fiber isolator II 9, the fiber coupler 4, the ytterbium-doped optical fiber 5, the wavelength division multiplexer 6, the pumping source 7 and the saturable absorber reflector with tail fiber 8 are all 7-20 mu m, and the optical fibers are single-mode or multi-mode optical fibers.
The ratio of the first port of the optical fiber coupler 4 to the second port of the optical fiber coupler is 50: 50-90: 10.
The length of the optical fiber between the optical fiber coupler 4 and the ytterbium-doped optical fiber 5, the length of the optical fiber between the ytterbium-doped optical fiber 5 and the wavelength division multiplexer 6, and the length of the optical fiber between the wavelength division multiplexer 6 and the saturable absorber reflector 8 with tail fiber are all less than 30 cm; the total length of the tail fiber of the fiber Bragg grating 1 in the cavity, the fiber delay line and the port-tail fiber of the fiber coupler 4 is more than 15 m.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the pumping source 7 transmits pumping light to enter the ytterbium-doped fiber 5 through the wavelength division multiplexer, population inversion occurs in the ytterbium-doped fiber 5 and broadband spontaneous emission light (ASE) is generated, the ASE transmitted in the forward direction passes through the fiber coupler 4 and enters the first port and the second port according to the splitting ratio, the ASE in the first port passes through the fiber delay line 2 and reaches the fiber Bragg grating 1, narrowband spectral components corresponding to the grating period in the broadband ASE are reflected back into the cavity, the transmission loss of the rest spectral components is realized, the reflected narrowband ASE generates stimulated radiation through the ytterbium-doped fiber 5, and the stimulated radiation reaches the saturable absorber reflector with the tail fiber and is reflected back into the cavity after being saturably absorbed. After multiple cycles, the gain in the cavity is equal to the loss laser oscillation, and continuous laser is emitted. Due to the perturbation of environment, relaxation process and the like, the random low-amplitude noise pulse is superposed on the continuous laser, and the reflectivity of the saturable absorber is in direct proportion to the optical cavity of incident light. Thus, the noise pulse is amplified and narrowed within the cavity, forming a picosecond pulse; in the frequency domain, periodic amplitude modulation is introduced into the saturable absorber, so that the adjacent side mode of the excited continuous light is excited, and the adjacent side mode is expanded to a high-order side mode in the reflection bandwidth of the fiber Bragg grating, and finally the mode locking operation is realized.
Picosecond pulsed lasers have chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects when propagating in optical fibers, where excessive nonlinear phase shifts cause the pulses to generate light waves that split and evolve into multiple pulses. When increasing the cavity length to reduce the repetition frequency, the pump power must be reduced simultaneously to ensure that the intra-cavity nonlinear phase shift accumulation does not break through the value allowed by the stable single-pulse operation of the laser, thereby reducing the intra-cavity circulating pulse energy, but unfortunately, when the intra-cavity circulating pulse energy is too low, the SESAM may be difficult to saturate, and thus the single-pulse mode-locked operation cannot be obtained due to the so-called Q-switching instability effect. Therefore, the management and control of the nonlinear phase shift is critical to achieving stable operation of low repetition rate picosecond lasers. The coupler is inserted into the cavity to extract pulse energy, the large mode field optical fiber is adopted to increase the cavity length, and the large mode field optical fiber is arranged at the position with lower pulse energy at the rear end of the coupler, so that nonlinear phase shift accumulation can be effectively reduced, and a single-pulse mode locking operation interval still exists after the cavity length of the laser is greatly increased.
Claims (6)
1. An environment-stable low-repetition-frequency linear cavity picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser is characterized in that: comprises a fiber Bragg grating, a fiber delay line, a first fiber isolator, a second fiber isolator, a fiber coupler, a ytterbium-doped fiber, a wavelength division multiplexer, a pumping source and a saturable absorber reflector with a tail fiber, any end of the fiber Bragg grating is connected with a second fiber isolator, the other port of the fiber Bragg grating is connected with one port of the fiber delay line, the other port of the fiber delay line is connected with a first port of the fiber coupler, a second port of the fiber coupler is connected with the input end of the first fiber isolator, the other end of the first fiber isolator is used as a picosecond laser pulse output port, a third port of the fiber coupler is connected with the ytterbium-doped fiber, the other end of the ytterbium-doped fiber is connected with the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the pumping end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the output end of the pumping source, and the signal end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the input end of the fiber type saturable absorber reflector.
2. The environmentally stable low repetition frequency line cavity picosecond ytterbium doped fiber laser of claim 1, wherein: the diameter range of the fiber core mode field of the fiber Bragg grating is 7-20 mu m, the reflectivity is more than 90%, the 3dB reflection bandwidth range is 0.02-1 nm, and the central wavelength range is 1000-1080 nm.
3. The environmentally stable low repetition frequency line cavity picosecond ytterbium doped fiber laser of claim 1, wherein: the ytterbium-doped optical fiber is characterized in that the doping component of the ytterbium-doped optical fiber is ytterbium element, the doping matrix is silicate glass, the diameter range of a mode field of the optical fiber is 7-20 mu m, and the ytterbium-doped optical fiber is a single-mode or multi-mode optical fiber.
4. The environmentally stable low repetition frequency line cavity picosecond ytterbium doped fiber laser of claim 1, wherein: the diameters of the mode fields of the optical fibers of the fiber Bragg grating, the fiber delay line, the first fiber isolator, the second fiber isolator, the fiber coupler, the ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the wavelength division multiplexer, the pumping source and the fiber type saturable absorber reflector are all 7-20 mu m, and the fiber Bragg grating, the fiber delay line, the first fiber isolator, the second fiber isolator, the pumping source and the fiber type saturable absorber reflector are single-mode or multi-mode fibers.
5. The environmentally stable low repetition frequency line cavity picosecond ytterbium doped fiber laser of claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the first port of the optical fiber coupler to the second port of the optical fiber coupler is 50: 50-90: 10.
6. The environmentally stable low repetition frequency line cavity picosecond ytterbium doped fiber laser of claim 1, wherein: the length of the optical fiber between the optical fiber coupler and the ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the length of the optical fiber between the ytterbium-doped optical fiber and the wavelength division multiplexer, and the length of the optical fiber between the wavelength division multiplexer and the optical fiber type saturable absorber reflector are all less than 30 cm; the total length of the tail fiber of the fiber Bragg grating in the cavity, the fiber delay line and the port-tail fiber of the fiber coupler is more than 15 m.
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| CN109638627A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-16 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | A kind of picosecond seed source laser |
| CN112271539A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-26 | 北京卓镭激光技术有限公司 | Power supply power-on method and device and SESAM picosecond optical fiber laser |
| CN115685448B (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-09-19 | 北京大学长三角光电科学研究院 | Wavelength division multiplexer, design method and manufacturing method thereof and fiber laser |
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| US20080165413A1 (en) * | 2007-01-04 | 2008-07-10 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical module |
| CN106058621A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-26 | 上海理工大学 | Adjustable picosecond laser |
| CN206076724U (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-04-05 | 广州安特激光技术有限公司 | A kind of passive Q-adjusted regenerative amplification lamp pump picosecond laser of low-repetition-frequency |
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| JP5487213B2 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2014-05-07 | イムラ アメリカ インコーポレイテッド | Highly rare earth doped optical fiber for use in fiber lasers and amplifiers. |
| CN103633538B (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2016-01-27 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Picosecond-controlladual-wavelength dual-wavelength fiber laser |
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| US20080165413A1 (en) * | 2007-01-04 | 2008-07-10 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical module |
| CN106058621A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-26 | 上海理工大学 | Adjustable picosecond laser |
| CN206076724U (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-04-05 | 广州安特激光技术有限公司 | A kind of passive Q-adjusted regenerative amplification lamp pump picosecond laser of low-repetition-frequency |
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