CN117565491A - 纳米复合吸波板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
纳米复合吸波板材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117565491A CN117565491A CN202311841133.7A CN202311841133A CN117565491A CN 117565491 A CN117565491 A CN 117565491A CN 202311841133 A CN202311841133 A CN 202311841133A CN 117565491 A CN117565491 A CN 117565491A
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Abstract
本申请实施例公开了一种纳米复合吸波板材及其制备方法,包括依次层叠连接的纳米吸波耐磨层、纳米吸波层、第一磁损耗层、减重隔音层、第二磁损耗层,还包括复合在第二磁损耗层的金属纤维屏蔽层,以及复合在设定位置的加强层。本申请实施例的纳米复合吸波板材具有吸波效果好、可以单独使用、厚度薄、重量轻、成本低、外形可造性高、耐多种介质腐蚀、实用性高的优点。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及吸波板材技术领域,尤其涉及一种纳米复合吸波板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代科学技术的发展,电磁波辐射对环境的影响日益增大,在机场航班因电磁波干扰无法起飞而误点,在医院移动电话常会干扰各种电子诊疗仪器的正常工作。因此,治理电磁污染,寻找一种能抵挡并削弱电磁波辐射的材料——吸波材料,已经成为材料科学的一大课题。
所谓吸波材料,指能吸收或者大幅减弱其表面接收到的电磁波能量,从而减少电磁波干扰的一类材料。在工程应用上,除要求吸波材料在较宽频带内对电磁波具有高的吸收率外,在不同的环境下,对吸波材料的要求也不同,同时吸波材料还要兼具轻便性的优点。
现有技术中,常用的吸波材料大多只能在某一频段内起作用,并且存在面密度高、不耐腐蚀的问题,不仅增加了后期维护的难度,降低了使用性能,而且增加了自身重量,特别是航空设备对自身重量要求非常苛刻,很难得到广泛的应用。
因此,亟需设计一种吸波性能高、质轻薄、强度高、可耐多种介质腐蚀的吸波板材。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中提到的至少一个问题,本申请实施例提供一种纳米复合吸波板材及其制备方法,该纳米复合吸波板材具有吸波性能高、质轻薄、强度高、可耐多种介质腐蚀的优点。
为了实现上述目的,本申请实施例第一方面提供一种纳米复合吸波板材,包括依次层叠连接的
纳米吸波耐磨层,由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:碳化硅1-2.5份、镍锌铁氧体0.5-1.5份、FeCo50粉末0.5-1.5份;
纳米吸波层,由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:四氧化三铁1-2.5份、三氧化二铁0.5-1.5份、FeCo50粉末1-2.5份、镍锌铁氧体0.5-1.5份;
第一磁损耗层,由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:四氧化三铁1.5-3.75份、三氧化二铁0.75-1.125份、铝粉0.1-1份、氧化镁0.1-1份、FeCo50粉末1-2.5份、高纯度铁粉1.5-3.75份;
减重隔音层,包括聚氨酯泡沫、PVC泡沫或纸板蜂窝泡沫;
第二磁损耗层,由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:纳米级四氧化三铁1.5-3.75份、三氧化二铁0.75-1.12份、铝粉0.1-1份、氧化镁0.1-1份、FeCo50粉末1-2.5份、高纯度铁粉1.5-3.75份;
还包括金属纤维屏蔽层,所述金属纤维屏蔽层包括银纤维或不锈钢纤维,且所述金属纤维屏蔽层复合于第二磁损耗层中;
加强层,包括玻璃纤维或碳纤维;设置至少一层所述加强层,且所述加强层复合于纳米吸波层、第一磁损耗层和/或第二磁损耗层中的设定层。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,所述减重隔音层还包括炭黑;
所述减重隔音层包括聚氨酯泡沫和PVC泡沫,所述炭黑嵌装于所述聚氨酯泡沫和所述PVC泡沫的表面预制通孔或盲孔内;
或,所述减重隔音层包括纸板蜂窝泡沫,所述炭黑嵌装于所述纸板蜂窝泡沫表面的凹陷处。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,所述加强层包括玻璃纤维;
所述玻璃纤维复合于纳米吸波层,且所述玻璃纤维包括短切玻璃纤维;或,所述玻璃纤维复合于第一磁损耗层和/或第二磁损耗层,且所述玻璃纤维包括复合玻璃纤维。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,所述纳米吸波层复合两层所述加强层,和/或,所述金属纤维屏蔽层的两侧各复合一层所述加强层。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,所述第二磁损耗层远离所述减重隔音层的一侧还粘接有碳纤维层。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,所述纳米吸波耐磨层的厚度范围为0.1-1mm,纳米吸波层的厚度范围为0.3-1mm,所述透气减重层的厚度范围为1-50mm。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,所述纳米吸波耐磨层远离所述纳米吸波层的一侧喷涂有碳化硅树脂层。
本申请实施例第二方面提供一种纳米复合吸波板材的制备方法,用于制备上述的纳米复合吸波板材,包括以下步骤:
制备纳米吸波耐磨层;
制备纳米吸波层,其中,在纳米吸波耐磨层的表面铺设设定加强层,并制备纳米吸波层;
制备第一磁损耗层、减重隔音层、第二磁损耗层和金属纤维屏蔽层,其中,在纳米吸波层远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧,按照顺序铺设透气减重层、金属纤维屏蔽层和设定加强层,通过真空导入工艺制备第一磁损耗层和第二磁损耗层。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,所述制备纳米吸波耐磨层的步骤包括:
处理磨具,其中,在磨具表面打蜡和脱模剂,使磨具表面光滑;
将质量份数配比为1份的胶粘剂、0.03份的固化剂混合均匀,加入质量份数为0.3-0.4份的纳米吸波耐磨层原料再次混合均匀,将再次混合均匀后的物料涂覆于模具表面,固化。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,所述制备纳米吸波层的步骤包括:
在制备的纳米吸波耐磨层的表面铺设设定层数的加强层;
将质量份数配比为1份的胶粘剂、0.03份的固化剂混合均匀,加入质量份数为0.3-0.4份的纳米吸波层原料再次混合均匀;
在远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧覆盖真空袋,将再次混合均匀后的物料通过真空导入工艺导入至纳米吸波耐磨层上,固化;
拆除真空袋;
所述制备第一磁损耗层、减重隔音层、第一磁损耗层和金属纤维屏蔽层的步骤包括:
在制备的纳米吸波层远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧按照顺序铺设减重隔音层、金属纤维屏蔽层和设定加强层;
将质量份数配比为2份的胶粘剂、0.06份的固化剂混合均匀,加入质量份数为0.3-0.4份的第一磁损耗层原料、0.3-0.4份的第二磁损耗层原料再次混合均匀;
在远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧覆盖真空袋,将再次混合均匀后的物料采用真空导入工艺导入至减重隔音层的两侧、金属纤维屏蔽层及加强层,固化;
拆除真空袋。
本申请实施例提供一种纳米复合吸波板材及其制备方法。该纳米复合吸波板材通过多种纳米吸波剂制备纳米吸波耐磨层和纳米吸波层,对较宽频段1-18GHz的电磁波均具有吸波效果;通过设置第一磁损耗层、第二磁损耗层和金属纤维屏蔽层增强电磁波的消耗吸收效果;通过设置减重隔音层,减轻了重量,降低了制作成本;通过设置加强层、纳米吸波耐磨层和碳纤维层,提高了强度、韧性和耐磨性,且具有耐温、耐湿、抗腐蚀等性能。该纳米复合吸波板材具有吸波效果好、可以单独使用、厚度薄、重量轻、成本低、外形可造性高、耐多种介质腐蚀、实用性高的优点。纳米复合吸波板材的制备方法用于该纳米复合吸波板材。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作以简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的纳米复合吸波板材的一种结构示意图;
图2为本申请实施例提供的纳米复合吸波板材的另一种结构示意图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的纳米复合吸波板材的再一种结构示意图;
图4为图3所提供的纳米复合吸波板材的反射率曲线图;
图5为本申请实施例提供的纳米复合吸波板材的制备方法步骤示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本申请的实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行更加详细的描述。值得注意的是,附图中所描述的实施例只是本申请的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。即通过附图所描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本申请,而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
以下将结合图1-图3对本申请实施例提供的纳米复合吸波板材进行说明。
本申请实施例提供一种纳米复合吸波板材,包括依次层叠连接的纳米吸波耐磨层、纳米吸波层、第一磁损耗层、减重隔音层、第二磁损耗层,还包括复合在第二磁损耗层的金属纤维屏蔽层,以及复合在设定位置的加强层。
其中。相邻层之间的连接方式,可以是粘接固定。示例性的,通过在制备层的原料中混合胶粘剂、固化剂固化使制备层成型,新的待制备层进一步通过胶粘剂、固化剂混合原料粘接在已经固化成型的层上。
纳米吸波耐磨层由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:碳化硅1-2.5份、镍锌铁氧体0.5-1.5份、FeCo50粉末0.5-1.5份。
其中,纳米级碳化硅有高比表面积和高热稳定性,可以有效地将电磁波转化为热能,同时还具有优异的机械性能,可以在不影响吸波性能的情况下,提高纳米复合吸波板材的强度和耐久性。合理质量份数配比的纳米级碳化硅,能够提高表面耐磨程度,避免由于质量份数太低而使表面硬度不达标,同时避免由于质量份数太高而使物料不易固化。添加上述质量分数配比的纳米级碳化硅后,可以将巴氏硬度从30-40HBa提高至约50HBa。
纳米级镍锌铁氧体对C波段<4-8GHz的电磁波具有较好的吸收效果。纳米级FeCo50粉末是一种软磁合金,由铁和钴组成,具有较高的磁导率,对X波段8-12GHz的电磁波有较好的吸波效果。合理质量份数配比的镍锌铁氧体和Feco50,对C波段和X波段的电磁波兼具良好的吸波效果,并能够避免由于质量份数太低不能达到良好的吸波效果,同时避免由于质量份数太高,降低纳米碳化硅的质量份数而影响整体硬度。
纳米吸波层由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:四氧化三铁1-2.5份、三氧化二铁0.5-1.5份、FeCo50粉末1-2.5份、镍锌铁氧体0.5-1.5份。
其中,纳米级四氧化三铁具有非常好的吸波性能,对全频段2-18GHz的电磁波均具有良好的吸收效果。纳米级三氧化二铁有未成对电子,具有顺磁性,在电磁波吸附上从低磁导向高磁导传播,引导电磁波传送,当各向异性的自旋磁矩与外加的电磁波辐射频率一致时发生共振,就会吸收外界电磁波能量,再通过磁矩自身的旋转耦合,把电磁波能量转变成热能的形式耗散。因此,纳米级三氧化二铁的顺磁吸波具有更深入的电磁波消耗和辐射作用。
合理质量份数配比的纳米级四氧化三铁和纳米级三氧化二铁,能够避免由于质量份数太低不能达到良好的吸波效果,同时避免由于质量份数太高,降低其他吸波剂原料的质量份数配比而影响整体吸波效果。
第一磁损耗层由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:四氧化三铁1.5-3.75份、三氧化二铁0.75-1.125份、铝粉0.1-1份、氧化镁0.1-1份、FeCo50粉末1-2.5份、高纯度铁粉1.5-3.75份。
其中,纳米级高纯度铁粉,是指不含任何杂质99.9%以上的纯铁粉。纳米级高纯度铁粉具有增加纳米复合吸波板材的硬度和韧性优点,且具有超高的导电性,能使电磁波快速转化为热能进行消耗。
纳米级铝粉可以阻挡电磁波照射,在混入一定比例的纳米级铝粉后能使纳米级高纯度铁粉更好的转化电磁波。
纳米级氧化镁作为宽频吸波剂具有一定的吸收效果,同时主要用于阻断电磁波正常照射过程,使电磁波路途曲折反射,使其他层原料中的吸波剂达到更好的吸波效果。
第一磁损耗层能够以纳米级高纯度铁粉为主,对入射到该层的电磁波进行能量转换,尽可能多的吸收消耗入射电磁波。
减重隔音层包括聚氨酯泡沫、PVC泡沫或纸板蜂窝泡沫。
其中,减重隔音层主要用于减轻比重,并具有一定隔音效果。
上述聚氨酯泡沫的密度可以为30-80㎏3/m,不仅能够减重和隔音,PVC,纸板蜂窝泡沫本身就是透波材质不具备吸波效果,主要作用是减重和隔音,相比聚氨酯泡沫更容易制作,成本更低。
第二磁损耗层由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:四氧化三铁1.5-3.75份、三氧化二铁0.75-1.12份、铝粉0.1-1份、氧化镁0.1-1份、FeCo50粉末1-2.5份、高纯度铁粉1.5-3.75份。
其中,第二磁损耗层结合第一磁损耗层,增强了对电磁波的消耗效果。
金属纤维屏蔽层包括银纤维或不锈钢纤维,且金属纤维屏蔽层复合于第二磁损耗层中。
其中,金属纤维屏蔽层主要用于对电磁波屏蔽反射,使电磁波反射再次经过第二磁损耗层、透气减重层、第一磁损耗层、纳米吸波层和纳米吸波耐磨层,进行二次消耗及吸波,增强吸波效果。
加强层包括玻璃纤维或碳纤维。设置至少一层加强层,且加强层复合于纳米吸波层、第一磁损耗层和/或第二磁损耗层中的设定层。即于纳米吸波层、第一磁损耗层和第二磁损耗层三者中的任一者、任两者或所有都可以复合加强层,且复合位置的加强层的层数可以任意选定,则整体厚度、强度和韧性可调。
其中,加强层能够对纳米复合吸波板材进行复合加强,具有更高的强度、韧性和实用性。
加强层的材质可以包括玻璃纤维,示例性的,玻璃纤维可以包括短切玻璃纤维、复合玻璃纤维。在一些实施例中,加强层的材质还可以包括碳纤维,相对使用玻璃纤维作为加强层,可以使纳米复合吸波板材具有更高的强度和韧性。
本申请实施例提供一种纳米复合吸波板材。该纳米复合吸波板材通过多种纳米吸波剂制备纳米吸波耐磨层和纳米吸波层,对较宽频段1-18GHz的电磁波均具有吸波效果;通过设置第一磁损耗层、第二磁损耗层和金属纤维屏蔽层增强电磁波的消耗吸收效果;通过设置减重隔音层,减轻了重量,降低了制作成本;通过设置加强层、纳米吸波耐磨层和碳纤维层,提高了强度、韧性和耐磨性,且具有耐温、耐湿、抗腐蚀等性能。该纳米复合吸波板材具有吸波效果好、可以单独使用、厚度薄、重量轻、成本低、外形可造性高、耐多种介质腐蚀、实用性高的优点。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,减重隔音层还包括炭黑。
减重隔音层包括聚氨酯泡沫和PVC泡沫,聚氨酯泡沫和PVC泡沫的表面预制通孔或盲孔,炭黑嵌装于通孔或盲孔内。
或,减重隔音层包括纸板蜂窝泡沫,炭黑嵌装于纸板蜂窝泡沫表面的凹陷处。
其中,通孔的设置不仅能够嵌装炭黑,还能提高了减重隔音层的透气性,利于胶粘原料、第一磁损耗层以及第二磁损耗层在通孔内的渗透,提高粘接效果和吸波效果。
示例性的,聚氨酯泡沫和PVC泡沫的表面可以按照平均每2-3cm2表面积的区域内加工一个直径为3mm的通孔或盲孔。
示例性的,可以将质量份数配比为1份的胶粘剂、0.3份的炭黑混合均匀,加入质量份数为0.01份的固化剂再次混合均匀。将打孔后的聚氨酯泡沫、打孔后的PVC泡沫或纸板蜂窝泡沫浸泡在再次混合均匀的物料里,加热至70-120℃,提高其附着力和流平性,停止加热晾干固化,即可将炭黑复合在上述材质上。在一些实施例中,也可以将再次混合均匀的物料喷涂在上述材质的表面,晾干固化。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,加强层包括玻璃纤维。
玻璃纤维复合于纳米吸波层,且玻璃纤维包括短切玻璃纤维。或,玻璃纤维复合于第一磁损耗层和/或第二磁损耗层,且玻璃纤维包括复合玻璃纤维。
其中,短切玻璃纤维的规格为200-450g/m2。复合玻璃纤维包括玻璃纤维短切毡和玻璃布的复合,示例性的,复合玻璃纤维可以是为200g/m2规格的玻璃纤维短切毡复合600g/m2规格的玻璃布,也可以300g/m2规格的玻璃纤维短切毡复合600g/m2规格的玻璃布。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,如图1所示,纳米吸波层复合两层加强层,如图2所示,金属纤维屏蔽层的两侧各复合一层加强层。如图3所示,纳米吸波层复合两层加强层,并且金属纤维屏蔽层的两侧各复合一层加强层。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,第二磁损耗层远离透气减重层的一侧还粘接有碳纤维层。
其中,碳纤维层具有电磁屏蔽和防静电效果,且能提高表硬度,其巴氏硬度可达46HBa,大大提升外观效果,且纳米复合吸波板材韧性更好,不易弯曲和断裂。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,纳米吸波耐磨层的厚度范围为0.1-1mm,纳米吸波层的厚度范围为0.3-1mm,透气减重层的厚度范围为1-50mm。
这样,可以根据实际使用场景调整纳米复合吸波板材的厚度。在一种实施例中,图3所示的纳米复合吸波板材的厚度仅为6mm。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,纳米吸波耐磨层远离纳米吸波层的一侧喷涂有碳化硅树脂层。
这样,可以进一步提高纳米复合吸波板材的外观效果。
以下结合图3和图4对本申请实施例的一种具体纳米复合吸波板材进行说明。
按照图3所示的层数分布制备纳米复合吸波板材,其中,
纳米吸波耐磨层由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:碳化硅2份、镍锌铁氧体1份、FeCo50粉末1份。
纳米吸波层由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:四氧化三铁2份、三氧化二铁1份、FeCo50粉末2份、镍锌铁氧体1份。
复合于纳米吸波层的加强层设置两层,均包括规格为200-450g/m2短切玻璃纤维。
第一磁损耗层由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:四氧化三铁3份、三氧化二铁1.5份、铝粉1份、氧化镁1份、FeCo50粉末2份、高纯度铁粉3份。
减重隔音层包括聚氨酯泡沫,厚度2mm。
第二磁损耗层的原料及质量份数与第一磁损耗层相同。
金属纤维屏蔽层包括银纤维。
金属纤维屏蔽层两侧的加强层均包括复合玻璃纤维,包括规格200g/m2的玻璃纤维短切毡复合规格600g/m2的玻璃布。
制备获得的纳米复合吸波板材厚度仅为6mm,按照制备厚度和面积确定合理质量份数配比下各种原料的质量用量。
对制备获得的纳米复合吸波板材进行吸波测试,获得如表1所示的纳米复合吸波板材反射率测试表以及如图4所示的纳米复合吸波板材的反射率曲线图。
反射率是反射辐射的能量占总能量的百分比,反射率与吸收率的和为1。反射率取决于物体本身的性质以及入射电磁波的波长和角度,入射角度越大反射越强。-dB代表信号值的减小,示例性的,-3DB表示反射率为50.1%,-13DB表示反射率为5%。可知,本申请实施例对较宽频带1-18GHz内的电磁波均具有高的吸收率。
对制备获得的纳米复合吸波板材进行力学性能测试,获得如表2所示的力学性能测试表。可知,制备获得的纳米复合吸波板材的轴向弯曲强度和模量均远大于标准值,满足使用需求。
以下将结合图5对本申请实施例提供的纳米复合吸波板材进行说明。
本申请实施例提供一种纳米复合吸波板材的制备方法,用于制备上述的纳米复合吸波板材,如图5所示,包括以下步骤:
制备纳米吸波耐磨层。
制备纳米吸波层。其中,在纳米吸波耐磨层的表面铺设设定加强层,并制备纳米吸波层。
值得说明的是,加强层的层数根据实际需要选定。当纳米吸波层复合加强层,可以通过铺设加强层及真空导入工艺制备纳米吸波层。当纳米吸波层不复合加强层,即设定加强层的层数为0,则可以通过涂覆固化制备纳米吸波层。
在一些实施例中,在制备纳米吸波耐磨层后,可以先对纳米吸波耐磨层靠近纳米吸波层一侧的表面进行打磨,使其成为麻面,再铺设设定加强层或涂覆纳米吸波耐磨层,以提高纳米吸波耐磨层与纳米吸波层之间的粘合力。
制备第一磁损耗层、减重隔音层、第二磁损耗层和金属纤维屏蔽层。其中,在纳米吸波层远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧,按照顺序铺设透气减重层、金属纤维屏蔽层和设定加强层,通过真空导入工艺制备第一磁损耗层和第二磁损耗层。
可以理解的是,加强层的位置和层数可以根据实际需要选定,据此铺设加强层即可。
在一些实施例中,在制备纳米吸波层后,可以对纳米吸波层远离纳米吸波耐磨层一侧的表面进行打磨,使其成为麻面,再铺设各层,以提高纳米吸波层与第一磁损耗层的粘合力。
制备碳纤维层。其中,在金属纤维屏蔽层远离第二磁损耗层的一侧制备碳纤维层。
在一些实施例中,在制备金属纤维屏蔽层后,可以对金属纤维屏蔽层远离第二磁损耗层一侧的表面进行打磨,使其成为麻面,再制备碳纤维层,以提高金属纤维屏蔽层与碳纤维层的粘合力。
制备碳化硅树脂层。其中,将制备碳纤维层后的板材脱模,在纳米吸波耐磨层远离纳米吸波层的一侧喷涂碳化硅树脂层。碳化硅树脂层的喷涂厚度为0.3-1mm。
在一些实施例中,在制备碳纤维层并脱模后,可以对纳米吸波耐磨层远离纳米吸波层一侧的表面进行打磨,使其成为麻面,以提高纳米吸波耐磨层与碳化硅树脂层的粘合力。
本申请实施例纳米复合吸波板材的制备方法,制备的纳米复合吸波板材具有吸波效果好、可以单独使用、厚度薄、重量轻、外形可造性高、耐多种介质腐蚀、实用性高的优点。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,制备纳米吸波耐磨层的步骤包括:
处理磨具,其中,在磨具表面打蜡和脱模剂,使磨具表面光滑;
将质量份数配比为1份的胶粘剂、0.03份的固化剂混合均匀,加入质量份数为0.3-0.4份的纳米吸波耐磨层原料再次混合均匀,将再次混合均匀后的物料涂覆于模具表面,固化。
其中,胶粘剂包括树脂,具体可以是不饱和阻燃树脂或环氧树脂。不饱和树脂的固化剂种类可以包括过氧化物,也可以包括过氧化甲乙酮,环氧树脂的固化剂种类以胺类固化剂和酸酐类固化剂为主。
通过合理的胶粘剂、固化剂与纳米吸波耐磨层原料的配比,实现了纳米吸波耐磨层的制备,且具备良好的吸波效果。其中,制备图3所示的纳米复合吸波板材,通常室温、湿度50%的环境下,50分钟左右可以基本固化达到起模标准,静置24小时完全固化。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,制备纳米吸波层的步骤包括:
在制备的纳米吸波耐磨层的表面铺设设定层数的加强层。
将质量份数配比为1份的胶粘剂、0.03份的固化剂混合均匀,加入质量份数为0.3-0.4份的纳米吸波层原料再次混合均匀。
在远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧,即最上层的加强层上覆盖真空袋,将再次混合均匀后的物料通过真空导入工艺导入至纳米吸波耐磨层上,固化。
拆除真空袋。
其中,制备图3所示的纳米复合吸波板材,通常室温、湿度50%的环境下,35分钟左右可以基本固化达到起模标准。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,制备第一磁损耗层、减重隔音层、第一磁损耗层和金属纤维屏蔽层的步骤包括:
在制备的纳米吸波层远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧按照顺序铺设减重隔音层、金属纤维屏蔽层和设定加强层。
将质量份数配比为2份的胶粘剂、0.06份的固化剂混合均匀,加入质量份数为0.3-0.4份的第一磁损耗层原料、0.3-0.4份的第二磁损耗层原料再次混合均匀。
在远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧覆盖真空袋,将再次混合均匀后的物料采用真空导入工艺导入至减重隔音层的两侧、金属纤维屏蔽层及加强层,固化。
拆除真空袋。
其中,胶粘剂、固化剂与原料配比合理,能够避免因为胶粘剂的质量份数过高,影响固化时间,同时避免由于胶粘剂的质量份数过低,影响产品韧性。
通过真空导入工艺,可以有效降低胶粘剂的占比,提高金属纤维等纤维成的占比,从而提高整体强度,减轻重量,且整个工艺仅在室温真空环境进行,无需额外压力,降低劳动强度,提高生产效率。
在一种可以实现的实施方式中,制备碳纤维层步骤包括:
将质量份数配比为1份的胶粘剂、0.03份的固化剂混合均匀。
在第二磁损耗层远离透气隔音层的一侧铺设碳纤维,将混合均匀的物料均匀涂覆在碳纤维表面,涂抹厚度为0.3-0.5mm。
待混合均匀的物料干燥后抛光表面,使其外观光泽度提高,还可防紫外线造成产品老化。
其中,制备图3所示的纳米复合吸波板材,通常室温、湿度50%的环境下,制备图3所示的产品,35分钟左右可以基本固化达到起模标准。
需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,在本申请的描述中,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解,例如,可以使固定连接,也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或者位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或者暗示所指的装置或者元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
术语“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非是另有精确具体地规定。
术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本申请的实施例能够包括除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。
术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用于说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种纳米复合吸波板材,其特征在于,包括依次层叠连接的
纳米吸波耐磨层,由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:碳化硅1-2.5份、镍锌铁氧体0.5-1.5份、FeCo50粉末0.5-1.5份;
纳米吸波层,由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:四氧化三铁1-2.5份、三氧化二铁0.5-1.5份、FeCo50粉末1-2.5份、镍锌铁氧体0.5-1.5份;
第一磁损耗层,由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:四氧化三铁1.5-3.75份、三氧化二铁0.75-1.125份、铝粉0.1-1份、氧化镁0.1-1份、FeCo50粉末1-2.5份、高纯度铁粉1.5-3.75份;
减重隔音层,包括聚氨酯泡沫、PVC泡沫或纸板蜂窝泡沫;
第二磁损耗层,由包括以下质量份数的纳米级原料经胶粘固化而成:四氧化三铁1.5-3.75份、三氧化二铁0.75-1.12份、铝粉0.1-1份、氧化镁0.1-1份、FeCo50粉末1-2.5份、高纯度铁粉1.5-3.75份;
还包括金属纤维屏蔽层,所述金属纤维屏蔽层包括银纤维或不锈钢纤维,且所述金属纤维屏蔽层复合于第二磁损耗层中;
加强层,包括玻璃纤维或碳纤维;设置至少一层所述加强层,且所述加强层复合于纳米吸波层、第一磁损耗层和/或第二磁损耗层中的设定层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米复合吸波板材,其特征在于,所述减重隔音层还包括炭黑;
所述减重隔音层包括聚氨酯泡沫和PVC泡沫,所述炭黑嵌装于所述聚氨酯泡沫和所述PVC泡沫的表面预制通孔或盲孔内;
或,所述减重隔音层包括纸板蜂窝泡沫,所述炭黑嵌装于所述纸板蜂窝泡沫表面的凹陷处。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米复合吸波板材,其特征在于,所述加强层包括玻璃纤维;
所述玻璃纤维复合于纳米吸波层,且所述玻璃纤维包括短切玻璃纤维;或,所述玻璃纤维复合于第一磁损耗层和/或第二磁损耗层,且所述玻璃纤维包括复合玻璃纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纳米复合吸波板材,其特征在于,所述纳米吸波层复合两层所述加强层,和/或,所述金属纤维屏蔽层的两侧各复合一层所述加强层。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的纳米复合吸波板材,其特征在于,所述第二磁损耗层远离所述减重隔音层的一侧还粘接有碳纤维层。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的纳米复合吸波板材,其特征在于,所述纳米吸波耐磨层的厚度范围为0.1-1mm,纳米吸波层的厚度范围为0.3-1mm,所述透气减重层的厚度范围为1-50mm。
7.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的纳米复合吸波板材,其特征在于,所述纳米吸波耐磨层远离所述纳米吸波层的一侧喷涂有碳化硅树脂层。
8.一种纳米复合吸波板材的制备方法,其特征在于,用于制备如权利要求1-7任一项的纳米复合吸波板材,包括以下步骤:
制备纳米吸波耐磨层;
制备纳米吸波层,其中,在纳米吸波耐磨层的表面铺设设定加强层,并制备纳米吸波层;
制备第一磁损耗层、减重隔音层、第二磁损耗层和金属纤维屏蔽层,其中,在纳米吸波层远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧,按照顺序铺设透气减重层、金属纤维屏蔽层和设定加强层,通过真空导入工艺制备第一磁损耗层和第二磁损耗层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的纳米复合吸波板材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备纳米吸波耐磨层的步骤包括:
处理磨具,其中,在磨具表面打蜡和脱模剂,使磨具表面光滑;
将质量份数配比为1份的胶粘剂、0.03份的固化剂混合均匀,加入质量份数为0.3-0.4份的纳米吸波耐磨层原料再次混合均匀,将再次混合均匀后的物料涂覆于模具表面,固化。
10.根据权利要求8所述的纳米复合吸波板材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备纳米吸波层的步骤包括:
在制备的纳米吸波耐磨层的表面铺设设定层数的加强层;
将质量份数配比为1份的胶粘剂、0.03份的固化剂混合均匀,加入质量份数为0.3-0.4份的纳米吸波层原料再次混合均匀;
在远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧覆盖真空袋,将再次混合均匀后的物料通过真空导入工艺导入至纳米吸波耐磨层上,固化;
拆除真空袋;
所述制备第一磁损耗层、减重隔音层、第一磁损耗层和金属纤维屏蔽层的步骤包括:
在制备的纳米吸波层远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧按照顺序铺设减重隔音层、金属纤维屏蔽层和设定加强层;
将质量份数配比为2份的胶粘剂、0.06份的固化剂混合均匀,加入质量份数为0.3-0.4份的第一磁损耗层原料、0.3-0.4份的第二磁损耗层原料再次混合均匀;
在远离纳米吸波耐磨层的一侧上覆盖真空袋,将再次混合均匀后的物料采用真空导入工艺导入至减重隔音层的两侧、金属纤维屏蔽层及加强层,固化;
拆除真空袋。
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