CN117564518B - Vacuum laser welding device and welding method - Google Patents
Vacuum laser welding device and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117564518B CN117564518B CN202410051173.XA CN202410051173A CN117564518B CN 117564518 B CN117564518 B CN 117564518B CN 202410051173 A CN202410051173 A CN 202410051173A CN 117564518 B CN117564518 B CN 117564518B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 372
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a vacuum laser welding device and a welding method, wherein the vacuum laser welding device comprises a welding box, and a vacuum cavity for laser welding is formed; the laser welding gun is arranged at the outer side of the welding box and is used for welding workpieces to be welded; the dynamic smoke protection device comprises an inner cone part, wherein the inner space of the inner cone part is in conical arrangement, the inner diameter of the inner cone part is gradually reduced along the direction away from the lens, and an air inlet hole is arranged on the inner side wall of the inner cone part and is used for conveying protective gas into the inner cone part; the moving assembly is arranged in the welding box and used for driving the workpiece to be welded to move; and the vacuumizing device is connected with the welding box and is used for sucking air in the welding box so as to form a vacuum welding environment. By arranging the dynamic smoke protection device, the invention can effectively avoid the influence of smoke generated in the process of welding the thick plate by high-power laser on the stability of the laser welding process, thereby solving the stability problem of the long-time welding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal welding, in particular to a vacuum laser welding device and a welding method.
Background
Titanium alloy materials with large thickness are increasingly widely used, such as manned cabins of spherical shell type manned submersible vehicles, deep sea submersible vehicles and the like. For titanium alloy thick plate welding, laser welding can realize good joint quality, but laser welding needs to be carried out in a vacuum chamber, and large-scale titanium alloy structural parts cannot be subjected to laser welding due to size limitation. The narrow gap welding method is widely applied to the welding of the titanium alloy thick plates, but because the thickness is larger, the narrow gap welding needs to be performed with multi-layer and multi-channel welding, the welding efficiency is low, and meanwhile, the deformation control difficulty of the thick plate welding is large, so that the high-efficiency welding of a large-scale structure cannot be met.
In the twentieth century 80, researchers proposed that laser welding be performed under vacuum conditions, so that the laser energy utilization rate can be improved, and the penetration capability of incident laser can be improved to greatly increase the penetration of weld joints. In recent years, with the advent of high-power high-quality lasers, researchers have found that high-power lasers can also obtain high aspect ratio welds similar to electron beam welding under vacuum, and vacuum laser welding does not need to achieve the extremely high vacuum degree required by electron beam welding, and at the same time, the problem of scattering of electrons by atmospheric molecules does not exist in laser welding, and radiation protection is not needed.
In the prior art, the vacuum laser welding equipment has a complex structure, and the influence of metal smoke dust on the vacuum environment, laser protective glass and the like is not considered in the welding process, and corresponding protective measures are not provided, so that the long-time stable vacuum laser welding cannot be met.
Chinese patent CN202110350724.9 discloses an inserted laser inlet device capable of realizing air cooling and protection of vacuum laser welding lens, comprising: the device comprises a main body block, a cavity, an annular step, an incident lens, a horizontal hole, a vertical hole, a lens cover, an air inlet valve and a flange plate; the cavity is perpendicular to the upper surface of the main body block and penetrates through the main body block, the top of the main body block is provided with an annular step, an incident lens is placed on the annular step, vertical holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the upper surface of the main body block downwards, horizontal holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the main body block and are connected with the vertical holes, a lens cover is mounted at the upper end of the incident lens and connected with the main body block through bolts, an air inlet valve is in threaded connection with the left side and the right side of the main body block and communicated with the horizontal holes, and a flange plate is fixedly connected with the main body block. The patent protects the entrance lens to some extent by introducing an inert gas into the shield and creating a positive pressure environment in the device cavity to prevent weld splatter and metal vapors from contaminating the entrance lens. But this patent suffers from two problems: firstly, the inert gas is required to be used for cooling the incident lens, so that the flow rate of the inert gas is large, the vacuum degree of a vacuum environment is low, a welding environment with high vacuum degree cannot be obtained, and the penetration of a welding seam is influenced; secondly, because the inert gas blows onto the incident lens and then is reflected into the cavity, the flow direction of the inert gas cannot be controlled, turbulent flow is formed in the cavity, the turbulent flow easily drives part of metal steam to enter the cavity, and the part of metal steam flows along with the inert gas in the cavity in a disordered way and gradually accumulates, so that the incident lens is polluted, and the protection effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems that in the prior art, the vacuum laser welding device cannot timely remove generated smoke dust, and metal vapor in the welding process easily affects lenses, so that the stability of the welding process is insufficient.
The invention discloses a vacuum laser welding device, comprising:
the welding box is used for forming a vacuum cavity for laser welding;
The laser welding gun is arranged on the outer side of the welding box and is used for generating laser to weld a workpiece to be welded;
The dynamic smoke protection device is arranged on the welding box corresponding to the laser welding gun, a lens is arranged on the dynamic smoke protection device, and laser generated by the laser welding gun is used for welding a workpiece to be welded through the lens; the dynamic smoke protection device comprises an inner cone part, wherein the inner space of the inner cone part is in conical arrangement, the inner diameter of the inner cone part is gradually reduced along the direction away from the lens, and an air inlet hole is formed in the inner side wall of the inner cone part and used for conveying protection gas into the inner cone part; the taper of the inner cone part is between 1.6 and 2.8, the height of the inner cone part is recorded as L, and the height of the air inlet hole on the inner cone part is L/3-2L/3, so that the gas entering the inner cone part forms an orderly flow field on both sides of the air inlet hole, and smoke dust generated during welding is prevented from entering the inner cone part;
the moving assembly is arranged in the welding box and is used for driving the workpiece to be welded to move;
And the vacuumizing device is connected with the welding box and is used for sucking air in the welding box so as to form a vacuum welding environment.
Through the setting of interior cone portion and the inlet port on its lateral wall in the dynamic smoke and dust protector, carry the shielding gas to interior cone portion through the inlet port at vacuum welding's in-process, shielding gas forms multidirectional orderly flow field in interior cone portion to can avoid the metal vapor when welding effectively to cause pollution or damage to the lens, guarantee the safety in utilization of lens effectively, also promoted vacuum laser welding continuous operation's stability. In addition, the setting of welding box can be with waiting to weld the work piece whole and place into the vacuum space in, and then remove relative laser welder under the drive of remove the subassembly to wait to weld the work piece, because wait to weld the whole welding box that is in of work piece, therefore the welding box has better vacuum holding ability after the evacuation, owing to there is the link that shielding gas carried, can cooperate evacuating device to realize the dynamic balance of air input and extraction quantity, when avoiding the smoke and dust when welding to get into dynamic smoke and dust protector, make the vacuum degree can freely set for between 10Pa ~1000Pa, the suitability to the vacuum degree requirement when showing the vacuum welding has been improved.
Further, the welding box comprises a box body and a box cover, the box cover is detachably sealed and arranged on the box body and used for forming a vacuum cavity, and the dynamic smoke protection device is arranged on the box cover and/or arranged on at least one of a front side plate and a rear side plate of the box body, a replaceable platform or a transverse welding assembly is arranged on the moving assembly, the platform is matched with the dynamic smoke protection device on the box cover, and the transverse welding assembly is matched with the dynamic smoke protection device on the front side plate and/or the rear side plate of the box body.
When the case lid is detached, be used for changing the platform or the horizontal welding subassembly on the movable assembly, or be used for placing and wait to weld the work piece, change or place the back of accomplishing, with case lid and box sealing connection, can carry out corresponding welding operation, it is simple convenient, when dynamic smoke and dust protector set up on the case lid, set up the platform on the movable assembly, be convenient for wait to weld the work piece and carry out the flat welding, when dynamic smoke and dust protector set up on at least one of box front side board and posterior lateral plate, set up the horizontal welding subassembly on the movable assembly, be convenient for wait to weld the work piece and carry out the horizontal welding, through above-mentioned setting, make welding set can adapt to different welding demands, its suitability has been improved.
Further, a fourth flange is arranged at the top end of the box body, a fourth groove is formed in the fourth flange, a first sealing piece is arranged in the fourth groove, and the first sealing piece is used for sealing the box body and the box cover in a matched mode.
The arrangement of the first sealing piece can improve the sealing performance between the box body and the box cover, so that the vacuum degree during laser welding is ensured.
Further, the moving assembly comprises a front-back moving assembly, a moving table and a left-right moving assembly, wherein the moving table is arranged on the front-back moving assembly, the front-back moving assembly can drive the moving table to move in the front-back direction, the left-right moving assembly is arranged on the moving table, the welding table or the transverse welding assembly is arranged on the left-right moving assembly, and the left-right moving assembly can drive the welding table or the transverse welding assembly to move in the left-right direction.
Through the setting of back-and-forth movement subassembly, can be on the adjustment platform in the fore-and-aft direction wait to weld work piece and laser welder alignment to make vacuum laser welding go on smoothly, perhaps adjust the distance of waiting to weld work piece and laser welder on the transverse welding subassembly, in order to do benefit to the adjustment focusing.
Further, the back-and-forth moving assembly comprises a back-and-forth moving guide rail, a back-and-forth moving slide block and a limiting block, wherein the back-and-forth moving guide rail is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the box body, the back-and-forth moving slide block is movably arranged on the back-and-forth moving guide rail, the moving table is fixedly connected with the back-and-forth moving slide block, and the limiting block is used for limiting the displacement of the back-and-forth moving slide block.
Through the arrangement, the movable table can move in the front-back direction, and then the workpiece to be welded is driven to move, so that the part to be welded is aligned with the laser welding gun during flat welding, and focusing adjustment of laser is performed during transverse welding.
Further, the left-right moving assembly comprises a left-right moving guide rail, a left-right moving slide block and a sensor, the left-right moving guide rail is fixedly arranged on the moving table, the left-right moving slide block is movably arranged on the left-right moving guide rail, and the welding table or the transverse welding assembly is connected with the left-right moving slide block.
The left-right moving assembly is arranged to enable the workpiece to be welded to move relative to the laser welding gun in the welding process, so that the complete welding of the workpiece to be welded is realized.
Further, the horizontal welding assembly comprises a horizontal welding supporting table, a horizontal moving clamping assembly, a vertical moving supporting assembly and a connecting plate, wherein the connecting plate is connected with the moving assembly, the horizontal welding supporting table is fixedly connected with the connecting plate, the horizontal moving clamping assembly and the vertical moving supporting assembly are arranged on one side, close to the dynamic smoke protection device, of the horizontal welding supporting table, the horizontal moving clamping assembly is used for clamping a workpiece to be welded and can drive the workpiece to be welded to move in the left-right direction relative to the horizontal welding supporting table, and the vertical moving supporting assembly is used for supporting the workpiece to be welded and can drive the workpiece to be welded to move in the up-down direction.
The horizontal welding supporting table is perpendicular to the connecting plate, under the condition, workpieces to be welded can be vertically arranged, so that horizontal welding of vacuum laser welding is realized, the requirements of various welding modes are met, and the horizontal movement clamping assembly and the vertical movement supporting assembly are arranged, so that the positions of the workpieces to be welded can be adjusted up and down and left and right, and accurate welding of a laser welding gun can be guaranteed.
Further, a supporting plate is arranged between the transverse welding supporting table and the connecting plate and used for enhancing the connection stability of the transverse welding supporting table and the connecting plate.
The arrangement can obviously enhance the strength of the transverse welding assembly so as to meet the transverse welding requirement of the large-thickness plate.
Further, the dynamic smoke protection device comprises a first flange, a dynamic protection part, a protection seat and a lens, wherein the first flange is used for sealing the lens at the first end of the dynamic protection part, the protection seat is sealed at the second end of the dynamic protection part, the protection seat is used for being fixedly connected with the welding box, and the inner cone part is arranged in the dynamic protection part.
Through the arrangement, the flue gas can be prevented from entering the dynamic protection part, so that the lens is effectively protected from being damaged, and the efficiency and quality of laser welding are ensured.
The invention also discloses a welding method, which adopts the vacuum laser welding device, and comprises the following steps:
Step S1: machining a workpiece to be welded into an I-shaped groove, polishing the surface of the machined groove and a base material within 30mm of the edge before assembly, and cleaning to remove greasy dirt;
step S2: taking down the box cover of the welding box, fixedly assembling and installing the workpiece to be welded in the box body, and sealing the box cover on the box body;
Step S3: starting a vacuumizing device to vacuumize a vacuum cavity in the welding box;
Step S4: starting a laser welding gun to weld when the vacuum degree reaches the welding requirement, and sequentially passing through the lens and the dynamic smoke protection device by laser to weld the workpiece to be welded; during welding, continuously inputting protective gas into the inner cone part through the air inlet hole; the moving component drives the welding workpiece to move, so that continuous welding of the workpiece to be welded is realized; the vacuumizing device and the dynamic smoke protection device work synchronously, so that the stability of the vacuum degree in the welding box is ensured;
Step S5: and (5) finishing welding.
Through the arrangement of the steps, in the welding process, the dynamic flow field of the inert gas is formed in the inner cone part, the pressure difference is formed at the two ends in the inner cone part, the inert gas extrudes the space at one end close to the part to be welded, so that the phenomenon that dust, metal vapor and the like enter the inner cone part to pollute lenses in the laser welding process can be effectively restrained, and the vacuum pumping device and the dynamic dust protection device synchronously work, so that when the laser welding is carried out, the protective gas with certain flow is continuously input into the inner cone part, the same amount of gas is pumped out, the stability of the vacuum degree in the welding box is maintained, and the continuity and the stability of the vacuum laser welding are ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the vacuum laser welding device and the welding method have the following advantages:
by setting the dynamic smoke protection device, the influence of smoke generated in the process of welding a thick plate by high-power laser on the stability of the laser welding process can be effectively avoided, so that the stability problem of the long-time welding process is solved;
The welding thickness of the vacuum laser welding device provided by the application can reach 2-3 times of the normal pressure laser welding thickness, and the joint strength coefficient of the titanium alloy welded by adopting the vacuum laser welding device can reach more than 0.95, which is superior to the normal pressure laser welding;
The welding requirements of different workpieces to be welded can be met through the replaceable arrangement of the flat welding table and the transverse welding assembly, and the suitability of the vacuum laser welding device is obviously improved;
The vacuum laser welding device provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, the influence of smoke dust during welding on lenses is avoided while the vacuum degree is ensured, and the stability of vacuum laser welding is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a vacuum laser welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a vacuum laser welding apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a vacuum laser welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the portion A-A in FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a front view of a vacuum laser welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the portion B-B in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a vacuum laser welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a cover is opened and a platform is disposed on a moving assembly;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a moving assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a transverse welding assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention when the transverse welding assembly is disposed on a moving assembly;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cross-welding assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention, shown in a perspective view at another angle when the cross-welding assembly is disposed on the moving assembly;
FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a dynamic smoke protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a dynamic smoke protection device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a side view of a dynamic smoke guard according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the portion C-C of FIG. 13;
Fig. 15 is a schematic perspective view of a dynamic protection portion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a perspective view of a dynamic protection portion according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective view of a first flange according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a schematic perspective view of a guard seat according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a perspective view of a protection seat according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a simulated view of gas flow in a dynamic smoke guard according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100. a dynamic smoke protection device; 110. a first flange; 111. a first central bore; 112. a first groove; 113. a first screw hole; 120. a dynamic protection part; 121. an inner cone portion; 1211. an air inlet hole; 122. a second flange; 1221. a second screw hole; 123. a first step surface; 1231. a second groove; 124. a third flange; 1241. a third screw hole; 1242. a second step surface; 1243. a second central bore; 125. a first collar; 1251. a third groove; 130. a protective seat; 131. a third step surface; 132. a fourth step surface; 133. a fifth step surface; 134. a second convex ring; 140. a lens; 200. welding a box; 210. a case; 211. a vacuum chamber; 212. a fourth flange; 2121. a fourth groove; 220. a case cover; 230. a first seal; 240. a drive housing; 300. a vacuum pump unit; 310. a pump body; 320. a driving member; 400. a vacuumizing pipeline; 500. a valve body; 600. a moving assembly; 610. a back and forth movement assembly; 611. moving the guide rail back and forth; 612. moving the slider back and forth; 613. a limiting block; 620. a mobile station; 630. a left-right moving assembly; 631. moving the guide rail left and right; 632. moving the slider left and right; 633. a sensor; 700. a flat welding table; 710. flat welding cushion block grooves; 800. a workpiece to be welded; 900. a transverse welding assembly; 910. a transverse welding supporting table; 911. transverse welding of the cushion block groove; 920. translating the clamping assembly; 930. a vertically movable support assembly; 940. a connecting plate; 950. and a support plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
A vacuum laser welding apparatus and a welding method according to embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a vacuum laser welding apparatus, as shown in fig. 1 to 20, including:
A welding box 200, wherein the welding box 200 is used for forming a vacuum cavity 211 for laser welding;
A laser welding gun (not shown in the drawings) provided outside the welding box 200 for generating laser light to weld a workpiece to be welded;
The dynamic smoke protection device 100, wherein the dynamic smoke protection device 100 is arranged on the welding box 200 corresponding to the laser welding gun, the dynamic smoke protection device 100 is provided with a lens 140, and laser generated by the laser welding gun is used for welding a workpiece to be welded through the lens 140; the dynamic smoke protection device 100 comprises an inner cone portion 121, wherein an inner space of the inner cone portion 121 is arranged in a truncated cone shape, an inner diameter of the inner cone portion 121 is gradually reduced along a direction away from the lens 140, an air inlet 1211 is arranged on an inner side wall of the inner cone portion 121, and the air inlet 1211 is used for conveying protection gas into the inner cone portion 121;
the moving assembly 600 is arranged in the welding box 200, and the moving assembly 600 is used for driving the workpiece to be welded to move;
And the vacuumizing device is connected with the welding box 200 and is used for sucking air in the welding box 200 so as to form a vacuum welding environment.
In the prior art, there is generally no corresponding protection measure for the lens 140 during vacuum laser welding, so that the lens 140 is exposed to metal vapor generated during the welding process, which easily causes damage to the lens 140 and affects the stability of continuous operation of vacuum laser welding. In this embodiment, through the arrangement of the inner cone portion 121 and the air inlet holes 1211 on the side wall thereof in the dynamic smoke protection device 100, the protective gas is delivered to the inner cone portion 121 through the air inlet holes 1211 in the vacuum welding process, and the protective gas forms a multidirectional ordered flow field in the inner cone portion 121, as shown in fig. 20, so that the pollution or damage of the lens 140 caused by metal vapor during welding can be effectively avoided, the use safety of the lens 140 is effectively ensured, and the stability of the continuous operation of the vacuum laser welding is also improved. In addition, due to the arrangement of the welding box 200 in the application, the whole workpiece to be welded can be placed in the vacuum space and then moved relative to the laser welding gun under the drive of the moving assembly 600 so as to weld the workpiece to be welded, and because the whole workpiece to be welded is positioned in the welding box 200, the welding box 200 has better vacuum holding capacity after vacuumizing, and because of the link of protecting gas transportation, the dynamic balance of the air inflow and the air suction quantity can be realized by matching with the vacuumizing device, and the vacuum degree can be freely set between 10Pa and 1000Pa while the smoke dust during welding is prevented from entering the dynamic smoke dust protecting device 100, so that the suitability for vacuum degree requirements during vacuum welding is remarkably improved. The shielding gas is an inert gas.
Specifically, the dynamic smoke protection device 100 includes a first flange 110, a dynamic protection portion 120, a protection seat 130 and a lens 140, wherein the first flange 110 is used for sealing the lens 140 at a first end of the dynamic protection portion 120, the protection seat 130 is sealed at a second end of the dynamic protection portion 120, the protection seat 130 is used for being fixedly connected with the welding box 200, and the inner cone portion 121 is disposed in the dynamic protection portion 120.
Wherein, the first end of dynamic guard 120 is close to laser welder setting, in the welding process of laser welding, especially titanium alloy, can produce a large amount of flue gas, if these flue gas get into in the dynamic smoke and dust protector 100, will seriously pollute lens 140, reduce its light transmissivity, lead to laser welding effect and inefficiency, can lead to lens 140 to damage when serious, in this embodiment, through above-mentioned setting, can avoid the flue gas to get into inside the dynamic guard 120 to protect lens 140 effectively and receive the damage, guaranteed laser welding's efficiency and quality.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 14 and 15, a second flange 122 is disposed at a first end of the dynamic protection unit 120, and a first step surface 123 is disposed on the second flange 122, where the first step surface 123 is configured to cooperate with the first flange 110 to form an installation space of the lens 140. The first flange 110 is provided with a first central hole 111 and a plurality of first screw holes 113, the second flange 122 is correspondingly provided with a fourth central hole and a plurality of second screw holes 1221, the fourth central hole is correspondingly provided with the first central hole 111, and the first screw holes 113 are correspondingly provided with the second screw holes 1221.
By the above arrangement, the lens 140 is disposed on the first step surface 123, so that the stability of the arrangement of the lens 140 can be ensured, thereby facilitating the smooth laser welding.
As one preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 14 and 17, a first groove 112 is provided on the first flange 110, a second groove 1231 is provided on the first step surface 123, the first groove 112 is used for providing a second seal between the lens 140 and the first flange 110, and the second groove 1231 is used for providing a third seal between the lens 140 and the dynamic shielding portion 120. By the arrangement, the tightness of the lens 140 after being installed can be obviously improved, so that the vacuum degree of a welding space during welding is ensured.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, a third flange 124 is disposed at the second end of the dynamic protection portion 120, a first convex ring 125 is disposed on a side of the third flange 124 near the protection seat 130, the first convex ring 125 is configured to be assembled with the protection seat 130 in a matching manner, a third groove 1251 is disposed on the first convex ring 125, and the third groove 1251 is configured to provide a fourth seal between the dynamic protection portion 120 and the protection seat 130. Through the setting of first bulge loop 125, can realize the quick location assembly between dynamic guard 120 and the guard seat 130, promote assembly efficiency, through the setting of fourth sealing member, can realize the sealed assembly between dynamic guard 120 and the guard seat 130 to promote effectively dynamic smoke and dust protector 100's sealed effect, with guarantee vacuum laser welding's welding effect. It should be noted that, a plurality of third screw holes 1241 are further provided on the third flange 124, and the third screw holes 1241 are used for being fixed with the guard 130 in a matching manner.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 15, a second central hole 1243 is formed in the third flange 124, the laser beam passing through the lens 140 passes through the second central hole 1243 and enters the welding box 200 to be welded, and a second step surface 1242 is formed in the circumferential direction of the second central hole 1243. Be provided with the fourth centre bore on the second flange 122, first step face 123 sets up in the circumference of fourth centre bore is upwards, the diameter of fourth centre bore is greater than the diameter of second centre bore 1243 to form corresponding interior cone portion 121, the setting of second step face 1242 is used for assisting to set up other parts, like being provided with the separation blade etc. of light trap, thereby adjusts the size of the aperture that laser can pass, also can strengthen the suppression effect of dynamic smoke and dust protector 100 to the smoke and dust, promotes its protective effect.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 18, the guard seat 130 includes a third central hole and a plurality of step surfaces disposed around the third central hole, and the inner diameters of the step surfaces sequentially decrease in a direction away from the dynamic guard 120. Through the arrangement, the protection gas exhausted from the second end of the dynamic protection part 120 through the second central hole 1243 can form a conical space on a plurality of step surfaces, so that on one hand, the metal vapor and smoke dust entering the space can be reduced, and on the other hand, under the downward airflow driving of the exhaust in the second central hole 1243, the metal vapor and smoke dust in the space also form a vortex-shaped flow field and are gradually taken out of the space by the downward airflow, thereby effectively preventing the smoke dust during welding from entering the space, further protecting the inner cone part 121 of the dynamic protection part 120, avoiding the influence of the smoke dust during welding on the lens 140, and remarkably improving the continuity and stability of vacuum laser welding.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 18, the guard seat 130 includes a third step surface 131, a fourth step surface 132, and a fifth step surface 133 that are sequentially disposed, where the third step surface 131 is disposed at an end close to the dynamic guard 120, the fifth step surface 133 is disposed at an end far from the dynamic guard 120, an inner diameter of the third step surface 131 > an inner diameter of the fourth step surface 132 > an inner diameter of the fifth step surface 133, and the third step surface 131 is configured to be assembled with the first convex ring 125 in a matching manner. The third step surface 131 is configured to form a nested assembly structure between the dynamic protection portion 120 and the protection seat 130, so that the dynamic protection portion and the protection seat 130 can be quickly positioned and assembled, and the assembly efficiency of the dynamic smoke protection device 100 is significantly improved.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 19, a second convex ring 134 is disposed at an end of the guard seat 130 away from the dynamic guard 120, and the second convex ring 134 is used for nesting assembly of the guard seat 130. Specifically, the protection seat 130 is configured to be assembled with the welding box 200 in a nested manner, and through this arrangement, a preliminary positioning can be formed on the protection seat 130, which is beneficial to subsequent welding and fixing.
In this embodiment, the taper of the inner cone 121 is between 1.6 and 2.8, and preferably, the taper of the inner cone 121 is 2.1. When the taper of the inner cone portion 121 is within the above range, when the shielding gas is introduced into the inner cone portion 121, the flowing state thereof is as shown in fig. 20, in which case, the smoke generated during welding can be effectively prevented from being introduced into the inner cone portion 121, thereby providing a good protection effect for the lens 140.
As shown in fig. 14, the aperture of the inner cone 121 near the lens 140 is denoted as D1, the aperture near the shield seat 130 is denoted as D2, the height of the inner cone 121 is denoted as L, D1 is between 70 and 100mm, D2 is between 35 and 55mm, and L is between 30 and 50 mm. Preferably d1=130 mm, d2=45 mm, l=40 mm. Let the taper be K, then k= (D1-D2)/L. By the arrangement, the lens 140 can be well protected during vacuum laser welding, so that the vacuum laser welding can continuously and stably run.
As one preferred embodiment, the height of the air inlet 1211 on the inner cone 121 is L/3-2L/3. The height of the air intake hole 1211 on the inner cone 121 is a distance from the central axis of the air intake hole 1211 to the end of the inner cone 121 away from the lens 140 in the height direction of the inner cone 121. Through the arrangement of the positions of the air inlet holes 1211, a plurality of orderly flow fields are formed on two sides of the air inlet holes 1211 by the air entering the inner cone 121, so that the space of the inner cone 121 far away from one end of the lens 140 is effectively extruded, the pollution of the lens 140 caused by the smoke dust, metal vapor and the like entering the inner cone 121 in the laser welding process is effectively restrained, and the welding effect of vacuum laser welding is improved. As shown in fig. 20, in the space of the inner cone 121 below the air inlet 1211, a vortex-shaped flow field is formed near the center, the air flows near the conical surface in the inner cone 121 all flow downwards, and the bottom of the inner cone 121 is converged to form a stable downward air flow, which can effectively prevent the metal vapor and smoke dust generated during welding from entering the inner cone 121, and in individual cases, even if a small amount of metal vapor and smoke dust generated during welding enters the inner cone 121, the metal vapor and smoke dust can be rapidly discharged under the driving of the vortex-shaped flow field and the downward air flow, and the lens 140 is not polluted by the upward flow, so that the complete and effective protection of the lens 140 is formed, and the protection effect of the lens 140 is greatly improved compared with the prior art.
Optionally, the flow rate of shielding gas entering the inner cone 121 through the inlet holes 1211 is 0.5-1L/min. When the inflow rate of the shielding gas is within the above range, the rise of the smoke gas can be effectively suppressed, thereby providing a good protective effect for the lens 140. The effective protection to lens 140 can be accomplished with less air input to this embodiment, and this air input is also less to the influence of vacuum for the vacuum laser welding device's that this embodiment provided vacuum can reach 10Pa, thereby when promoting lens 140 protection effect, can also satisfy the welding demand of high vacuum.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2,4, 7 and 10, the welding box 200 includes a box body 210 and a box cover 220, the box cover 220 is detachably sealed on the box body 210 to form a vacuum cavity 211, the dynamic smoke protection device 100 is disposed on the box cover 220, and/or the dynamic smoke protection device 100 is disposed on at least one of a front side plate and a rear side plate of the box body 210, a replaceable welding table 700 or a transverse welding assembly 900 is disposed on the moving assembly 600, the welding table 700 is disposed in cooperation with the dynamic smoke protection device 100 on the box cover 220, and the transverse welding assembly 900 is disposed in cooperation with the dynamic smoke protection device 100 on the front side plate and/or the rear side plate of the box body 210. When the box cover 220 is detached, the platform 700 or the transverse welding assembly 900 on the moving assembly 600 is used for replacing or placing workpieces to be welded, after replacement or placement is completed, the box cover 220 and the box body 210 are in sealing connection, corresponding welding operation can be performed, the box cover is simple and convenient, when the dynamic smoke protection device 100 is arranged on the box cover 220, the platform 700 is arranged on the moving assembly 600, the workpieces to be welded are convenient to carry out flat welding, when the dynamic smoke protection device 100 is arranged on at least one of the front side plate and the rear side plate of the box body 210, the transverse welding assembly 900 is arranged on the moving assembly 600, the workpieces to be welded are convenient to carry out transverse welding, and through the arrangement, the welding device provided by the implementation can adapt to different welding requirements, and the suitability of the welding device is improved.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, a fourth flange 212 is disposed at the top end of the case 210, a fourth groove 2121 is disposed on the fourth flange 212, and a first sealing member 230 is disposed in the fourth groove 2121, and the first sealing member 230 is used for sealing between the case 210 and the case cover 220. The fourth flange 212 is configured to be connected to the case cover 220, and the fourth flange and the case cover may be connected by a screw connection or a clamping connection, which will not be described herein. The first sealing member 230 may improve sealing performance between the case 210 and the case cover 220, thereby ensuring vacuum degree during laser welding.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8-10, the moving assembly 600 includes a front-back moving assembly 610, a moving platform 620 and a left-right moving assembly 630, the moving platform 620 is disposed on the front-back moving assembly 610, the front-back moving assembly 610 can drive the moving platform 620 to move in the front-back direction, the left-right moving assembly 630 is disposed on the moving platform 620, the welding platform 700 or the transverse welding assembly 900 is disposed on the left-right moving assembly 630, and the left-right moving assembly 630 can drive the welding platform 700 or the transverse welding assembly 900 to move in the left-right direction. By setting the back-and-forth moving component 610, the alignment of the workpiece to be welded on the platform 700 and the laser welding gun can be adjusted in the back-and-forth direction, so that the vacuum laser welding can be smoothly performed, or the distance between the workpiece to be welded and the laser welding gun on the transverse welding component 900 can be adjusted, so that focusing adjustment is facilitated.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the back-and-forth moving assembly 610 includes a back-and-forth moving rail 611, a back-and-forth moving slide 612, and a stopper 613, wherein the back-and-forth moving rail 611 is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the case 210, the back-and-forth moving slide 612 is movably disposed on the back-and-forth moving rail 611, the moving table 620 is fixedly connected with the back-and-forth moving slide 612, and the stopper 613 is used for limiting the displacement of the back-and-forth moving slide 612. Through the above arrangement, the mobile station 620 can be moved in the front-rear direction, so as to drive the workpiece to be welded to move, so that the part to be welded is aligned with the laser welding gun during flat welding, and the focusing adjustment of the laser is performed during transverse welding.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the left and right moving assembly 630 includes a left and right moving rail 631, a left and right moving slider 632, and a sensor 633, the left and right moving rail 631 is fixedly disposed on the moving table 620, the left and right moving slider 632 is movably disposed on the left and right moving rail 631, and the welding table 700 or the transverse welding assembly 900 is connected to the left and right moving slider 632. The left-right moving assembly 630 is configured to move the workpiece 800 to be welded relative to the laser welding gun during the welding process, so as to achieve complete welding of the workpiece 800 to be welded, and the sensor 633 is configured to detect the position of the left-right moving slider 632, so as to control the displacement of the workpiece 800 to be welded during welding.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the horizontal welding assembly 900 includes a horizontal welding support table 910, a translational clamping assembly 920, a vertical movement support assembly 930, and a connection plate 940, where the connection plate 940 is connected to the movement assembly 600, the horizontal welding support table 910 is fixedly connected to the connection plate 940, the translational clamping assembly 920 and the vertical movement support assembly 930 are disposed on a side of the horizontal welding support table 910 near the dynamic smoke protection device 100, the translational clamping assembly 920 is used for clamping the workpiece 800 and can drive the workpiece 800 to move in a left-right direction relative to the horizontal welding support table 910, and the vertical movement support assembly 930 is used for supporting the workpiece 800 and can drive the workpiece 800 to move in an up-down direction. Wherein, the horizontal welding supporting table 910 and the connecting plate 940 are vertically arranged, in this case, the workpiece 800 to be welded can be vertically arranged, so that the horizontal welding of the vacuum laser welding is realized, the requirements of various welding modes are met, and the horizontal moving clamping assembly 920 and the vertical moving supporting assembly 930 are arranged, so that the position of the workpiece 800 to be welded can be adjusted up and down and left and right, and the accurate welding of the laser welding gun can be ensured. Wherein the translational clamping assembly 920 is configured to clamp the workpiece 800 to be welded in cooperation with a T-bolt and a press block (not shown in the drawings) disposed on opposite sides thereof, and the T-bolt and the press block are standard components, which are not limited herein.
As one of the preferred embodiments, a supporting plate 950 is disposed between the transverse welding supporting table 910 and the connection plate 940, and the supporting plate 950 is used for enhancing the connection stability of the transverse welding supporting table 910 and the connection plate 940. This arrangement can significantly enhance the strength of the cross-welding assembly 900 so that it meets the cross-welding requirements of large thickness sheet materials.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the vacuumizing device includes a vacuum pump set 300, a vacuumizing pipe 400, and a valve body 500, wherein one end of the vacuumizing pipe 400 is connected to the vacuum pump set 300, the other end is connected to the welding box 200, and the valve body 500 is disposed on the vacuumizing pipe 400. The vacuum pump set 300 includes a pump body 310 and a driving member 320, the driving member 320 drives the pump body 310 to operate, and the gas in the internal space of the welding box 200 is pumped through the vacuumizing pipe 400, so that the welding space forms a vacuum environment, and the valve body 500 is used for opening and closing the vacuumizing pipe 400, so as to assist in controlling the vacuum degree in the welding box 200. In one embodiment, the driver 320 is a motor.
Correspondingly, a flat welding cushion block groove 710 is arranged on the flat welding table 700, and the flat welding cushion block groove 710 is used for arranging a welding cushion block. A transverse welding cushion block groove 911 is arranged on one side of the transverse welding support table 910, which is close to the dynamic smoke protection device 100, and the transverse welding cushion block groove 911 is used for arranging welding cushion blocks. The welding cushion block is used for preventing heat, smoke dust, metal slag and the like in the vacuum laser welding process from damaging the surface of the workpiece 800 to be welded, reducing welding defects and improving welding quality.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 7, a driving cover 240 is disposed at the left or right side of the welding box 200, and the driving cover 240 is used to seal a driving device for driving the left and right moving assembly 630 to move. The inner space of the driving cover 240 is communicated with the inner space of the welding box 200, and the whole driving cover is in a sealed arrangement, so that on one hand, the space occupation of the welding box 200 can be reduced, and on the other hand, the vacuum degree of the inner space of the welding box 200 can be ensured.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a welding method for the vacuum laser welding device according to the embodiment, the welding method includes the following steps:
Step S1: machining a workpiece to be welded into an I-shaped groove, polishing the surface of the machined groove and a base material within 30mm of the edge before assembly, and cleaning to remove greasy dirt;
step S2: taking down the box cover of the welding box, fixedly assembling and installing the workpiece to be welded in the box body, and sealing the box cover on the box body;
Step S3: starting a vacuumizing device to vacuumize a vacuum cavity in the welding box;
Step S4: starting a laser welding gun to weld when the vacuum degree reaches the welding requirement, and sequentially passing through the lens and the dynamic smoke protection device by laser to weld the workpiece to be welded; during welding, continuously inputting protective gas into the inner cone part through the air inlet hole; the moving component drives the welding workpiece to move, so that continuous welding of the workpiece to be welded is realized; the vacuumizing device and the dynamic smoke protection device work synchronously, so that the stability of the vacuum degree in the welding box is ensured;
Step S5: and (5) finishing welding.
Through the arrangement of the steps, in the welding process, a dynamic flow field of inert gas is formed in the inner cone 121, as shown in fig. 20, a pressure difference is formed at two ends in the inner cone 121, the inert gas extrudes a space at one end close to a part to be welded, so that dust, metal vapor and the like in the laser welding process can be effectively inhibited from entering the inner cone 121 to cause the pollution of the lens 140, and when the vacuum pumping device and the dynamic dust protection device work synchronously, the same amount of gas is pumped out while the protective gas with a certain flow is continuously input into the inner cone 121 during the laser welding, thereby maintaining the stability of the vacuum degree in the welding box 200 and ensuring the continuity and the stability of the vacuum laser welding.
The high-adaptability-oriented vacuum laser welding device and the welding method provided by the embodiment can be applied to welding of metal structures such as titanium alloy, steel, aluminum alloy and the like.
The welding strength coefficient of the titanium alloy workpiece joint manufactured by the vacuum laser welding device provided in the embodiment 1 and the welding method provided in the embodiment 2 is not lower than 0.95.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a welding example by adopting the vacuum laser welding device described in the embodiment 1 and the welding method provided in the embodiment 2, wherein the material is the marine Ti80 alloy, and the welding example is widely applied to deep submarines and ship equipment, and the service environment of the welding example has higher requirements on impact toughness.
The molding material was a Ti80 titanium alloy plate, and the thickness of the test plate was 60mm. Mechanically polishing the surface of a Ti80 titanium alloy substrate, respectively cleaning with acetone and an alcohol solvent by ultrasonic wave to remove greasy dirt, and drying for later use; the cleaned workpiece is placed on a flat welding table 700 after the size is measured, and is fixed by a clamp; the vacuum laser welding device provided in the embodiment 1 and the welding method provided in the embodiment 2 are adopted for welding, the welding speed is 0.6-1.5m/min, the laser power is 16-20KW, and the vacuum degree is 10-1000Pa. The whole laser welding process is carried out in a vacuum environment, the surface of a welding test plate is not oxidized, and the surface of a formed component is silvery white or light yellow.
And after welding, carrying out nondestructive detection on the vacuum laser welding joint finished according to the steps by adopting an X-ray flaw detector, wherein the quality of the welding seam meets the requirements of NB 47013-2015 І level. And analyzing the joint structure by using a metallographic microscope, performing a welded joint tensile test by using an electronic universal testing machine, and performing an impact toughness test on the joint by using a pendulum impact testing machine.
The vacuum laser welding of Ti80 alloy by adopting the invention has the penetration thickness about 3 times of that of the common laser welding, and the welded joint has no nail tip defect. In addition, the vacuum laser welding of Ti80 alloy can obtain good joint performance, the tensile strength coefficient reaches 99%, and the impact absorption power is higher than that of the base material, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 comparison of vacuum laser welded Ti80 alloy joint properties
| Material | Tensile strength R m/MPa | Impact absorbing power KV 2/J |
| Ti80 base material | 870、875、860 | 50、59、55 |
| Weld joint | 865、850、860 | 60、61、65 |
Besides the welding thickness and performance superior to those of normal pressure laser welding joints, the vacuum laser welding method can realize continuous and efficient vacuum laser welding, and has important significance and application prospect in the fields of ships and deep sea equipment.
It is to be noted that all terms used for directional and positional indication in the present invention, such as: the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "top", "low", "tail", "head", "center", etc. are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, connection, etc. between the components in a particular state, and are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the description of "first," "second," etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" as it appears throughout includes three parallel schemes, for example "A and/or B", including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously.
In the present invention, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "affixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "affixed" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral body; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A vacuum laser welding apparatus, comprising:
-a welding tank (200), the welding tank (200) being adapted to form a vacuum chamber (211) for laser welding;
the laser welding gun is arranged on the outer side of the welding box (200) and is used for generating laser to weld workpieces to be welded;
The dynamic smoke protection device (100), the dynamic smoke protection device (100) and the laser welding gun are correspondingly arranged on the welding box (200), a lens (140) is arranged on the dynamic smoke protection device (100), and laser generated by the laser welding gun is used for welding a workpiece to be welded through the lens (140); the dynamic smoke protection device (100) comprises an inner cone part (121), wherein the inner space of the inner cone part (121) is in conical arrangement, the inner diameter of the inner cone part (121) is gradually reduced along the direction away from the lens (140), an air inlet hole (1211) is formed in the inner side wall of the inner cone part (121), and the air inlet hole (1211) is used for conveying protection gas into the inner cone part (121); the taper of the inner cone part (121) is between 2.1 and 2.8, the height of the inner cone part (121) is recorded as L, the height of the air inlet hole (1211) on the inner cone part (121) is L/3-2L/3, so that the air entering the inner cone part (121) forms orderly flow fields on two sides of the air inlet hole (1211), a vortex-shaped flow field is formed in the space of the inner cone part (121) at the lower side of the air inlet hole (1211) at the position close to the center, the air flows close to the conical surface in the inner cone part (121) downwards, and the air flows downwards steadily are collected at the bottom of the inner cone part (121) to prevent smoke dust generated during welding from entering the inner cone part (121); the flow rate of the shielding gas entering the inner cone part (121) through the air inlet hole (1211) is 0.5-1L/min;
The dynamic smoke protection device (100) further comprises a first flange (110), a dynamic protection part (120) and a protection seat (130), wherein the first flange (110) is used for sealing the lens (140) at a first end of the dynamic protection part (120), the protection seat (130) is sealed at a second end of the dynamic protection part (120), and the inner cone part (121) is arranged in the dynamic protection part (120); the protection seat (130) comprises a third central hole and a plurality of step surfaces arranged around the third central hole, and the inner diameters of the step surfaces are sequentially reduced along the direction away from the dynamic protection part (120);
the moving assembly (600) is arranged in the welding box (200), and the moving assembly (600) is used for driving the workpiece to be welded to move;
The vacuumizing device is connected with the welding box (200) and is used for sucking air in the welding box (200) to form a vacuum welding environment;
During welding, the vacuumizing device and the dynamic smoke protection device work synchronously, and the same amount of gas is pumped out while a certain flow of protective gas is continuously input into the inner cone part (121).
2. Vacuum laser welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the welding box (200) comprises a box body (210) and a box cover (220), the box cover (220) is detachably sealed and arranged on the box body (210) for forming a vacuum cavity (211), the dynamic smoke protection device (100) is arranged on the box cover (220), and/or the dynamic smoke protection device (100) is arranged on at least one of a front side plate and a rear side plate of the box body (210), a replaceable welding table (700) or a transverse welding assembly (900) is arranged on the moving assembly (600), the welding table (700) is matched with the dynamic smoke protection device (100) on the box cover (220), and the transverse welding assembly (900) is matched with the dynamic smoke protection device (100) on the front side plate and/or the rear side plate of the box body (210).
3. Vacuum laser welding device according to claim 2, characterized in that a fourth flange (212) is provided at the top end of the box (210), a fourth groove (2121) is provided on the fourth flange (212), a first seal (230) is provided in the fourth groove (2121), the first seal (230) being intended for a mating seal between the box (210) and the box cover (220).
4. The vacuum laser welding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the moving assembly (600) includes a forward and backward moving assembly (610), a moving stage (620), and a left and right moving assembly (630), the moving stage (620) is disposed on the forward and backward moving assembly (610), the forward and backward moving assembly (610) can drive the moving stage (620) to move in the forward and backward direction, the left and right moving assembly (630) is disposed on the moving stage (620), the soldering stage (700) or the transverse welding assembly (900) is disposed on the left and right moving assembly (630), and the left and right moving assembly (630) can drive the soldering stage (700) or the transverse welding assembly (900) to move in the left and right direction.
5. The vacuum laser welding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the forward and backward moving assembly (610) includes a forward and backward moving rail (611), a forward and backward moving slider (612), and a stopper (613), the forward and backward moving rail (611) is fixedly provided at a bottom of the case (210), the forward and backward moving slider (612) is movably provided on the forward and backward moving rail (611), the moving stage (620) is fixedly connected with the forward and backward moving slider (612), and the stopper (613) is for limiting a displacement of the forward and backward moving slider (612).
6. The vacuum laser welding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the left and right moving assembly (630) includes a left and right moving rail (631), a left and right moving slider (632), and a sensor (633), the left and right moving rail (631) is fixedly provided on a moving table (620), the left and right moving slider (632) is movably provided on the left and right moving rail (631), and the platen (700) or the traverse assembly (900) is connected to the left and right moving slider (632).
7. The vacuum laser welding device according to claim 2, wherein the transverse welding assembly (900) comprises a transverse welding supporting table (910), a translation clamping assembly (920), a vertical movement supporting assembly (930) and a connecting plate (940), the connecting plate (940) is connected with the moving assembly (600), the transverse welding supporting table (910) is fixedly connected with the connecting plate (940), the translation clamping assembly (920) and the vertical movement supporting assembly (930) are arranged on one side, close to the dynamic smoke protection device (100), of the transverse welding supporting table (910), the translation clamping assembly (920) is used for clamping a workpiece (800) to be welded and can drive the workpiece (800) to be welded to move in the left-right direction relative to the transverse welding supporting table (910), and the vertical movement supporting assembly (930) is used for supporting the workpiece (800) to be welded and can drive the workpiece (800) to be welded to move in the up-down direction.
8. Vacuum laser welding device according to claim 7, characterized in that a support plate (950) is arranged between the transverse welding support table (910) and the connection plate (940), the support plate (950) being used for enhancing the connection stability of the transverse welding support table (910) and the connection plate (940).
9. The vacuum laser welding apparatus of any of claims 1-8, wherein the dynamic soot protection device (100) comprises a first flange (110), a dynamic protection portion (120), a protection seat (130) and a lens (140), the first flange (110) is used for sealing the lens (140) at a first end of the dynamic protection portion (120), the protection seat (130) is sealingly arranged at a second end of the dynamic protection portion (120), the protection seat (130) is used for fixedly connecting with the welding box (200), and the inner cone portion (121) is arranged in the dynamic protection portion (120).
10. A welding method, characterized in that a vacuum laser welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9 is used, comprising the steps of:
Step S1: machining a workpiece to be welded into an I-shaped groove, polishing the surface of the machined groove and a base material within 30mm of the edge before assembly, and cleaning to remove greasy dirt;
step S2: taking down the box cover of the welding box, fixedly assembling and installing the workpiece to be welded in the box body, and sealing the box cover on the box body;
Step S3: starting a vacuumizing device to vacuumize a vacuum cavity in the welding box;
Step S4: starting a laser welding gun to weld when the vacuum degree reaches the welding requirement, and sequentially passing through the lens and the dynamic smoke protection device by laser to weld the workpiece to be welded; during welding, continuously inputting protective gas into the inner cone part through the air inlet hole; the moving component drives the welding workpiece to move, so that continuous welding of the workpiece to be welded is realized; the vacuumizing device and the dynamic smoke protection device work synchronously, so that the stability of the vacuum degree in the welding box is ensured;
Step S5: and (5) finishing welding.
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