CN117550998A - 一种新型手性相转移催化剂合成s-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
一种新型手性相转移催化剂合成s-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于制备手性氨基酸领域,特别涉及一种手性相转移催化剂催化合成S‑2,6‑二甲基酪氨酸衍生物的方法。由式S10化合物与式S5化合物经亲核取代反应制备式S11化合物,后经脱保护基反应制备S‑2,6‑二甲基酪氨酸衍生物。亲核取代反应中,使用了一种高效的新型手性相转移催化剂,结构式为:
Description
技术领域
本发明属于制备手性氨基酸领域,特别涉及一种手性相转移催化剂催化合成S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物的方法。
背景技术
S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物是一类非天然手性氨基酸类化合物,在许多生物活性肽及可药用的阿片受体拮抗剂的生产中应用广泛,如SUPER-DALDA,Bendavia,Eluxadoline和H-Dmt-Tic-OH等均含有S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物的片段。近年来,随着多肽相关的药物兴起,对S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物的需求也越来越多。合成这类化合物的专利文献层出不穷,有直接合成消旋的方法(Synthetic Communications 2019,49,925-932.,CN104987302A,CN108383744A)这种方法,需要用手性拆分的办法才能得到光学纯度单一的S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物;有采用手性镍络合物方法来合成S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物,这种方法步骤繁琐,且需要手性柱进行分离纯化(Tetrahedron:Asymmetry.2000,11,2917-2925,CN109608352A);有采用手性辅基的策略来合成S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物,这种方法试剂价格较为昂贵,生产成本高(Tetrahedron:Asymmetry2009,20,1398–1401.,Organic Preparations and Procedures International 2020,52,510-516.,CN110903205A);也有采用贵金属催化偶联或还原的策略来制备S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物,这种方法由于涉及到贵金属或手性贵金属催化剂的参与,因此合成价格较高,也不适合工业生产(ACS Med.Chem.Lett.2015,6,1199-1203.,CN104193638A,WO2019195634A1,Synthesis,1992,8,741-743,Org.Letter.,2017,19,246-249)。
发明内容
综上所述,现有技术的生产成本价格较高,也不适合工业生产。开发出一种简单,廉价,高效合成S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物路线是十分必要的。
本发明首先提供了手性氨基酸的中间体化合物,具体为:
其中,R1或R2相同或不同地为芳基。较优选地,为苯基。
具体地,可以为式S11化合物,结构式为:
其次,提供了一种高效的新型手性相转移催化剂,结构式为:
其中,较优选地,Cat.1-4结构式为
第二方面,提供了手性氨基酸中间体化合物的制备方法,由化合物S10和化合物S5在催化剂的作用下经亲核取代反应制备,
其中,R1,R2的定义与上述相同。
较优选地,为如下反应,
所述催化剂为手性相转移催化剂,结构式为:
较优选地,手性相转移催化剂结构式为:
最优选地,手性相转移催化剂结构式为:
上述反应在碱存在的条件下进行,所述碱为有机碱或无机碱,较优选地为无机碱,最优选地为氢氧化钾。
所述反应温度可以为0℃~25℃。
本发明提供了式S12化合物的制备方法,由式S11化合物经亚胺水解脱除保护基制备得到化合物S12,
较优选地,为如下反应:
其中,亚胺水解反应中,所述水解试剂为酸,可以为有机酸或无机酸,较优选地为无机酸,最优选地为盐酸。
本发明提供了式S13化合物的制备方法,由式S12化合物进一步经过水解脱保护基制备得到,
其中,所述水解反应试剂为碱,如有机碱无机碱等,具体可以为LiOH。
本发明比较优选地一种实施方式为:一种S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物的制备方法,式S5,S10化合物经亲核取代反应制备式S11化合物,后经脱保护基反应制备S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物,
综上,本发明的合成路线包括如下技术优势:1.提供了式S11化合物和式S12化合物两个新化合物,2.设计合成了一种高效的新型手性相转移催化剂(Cat.1,新化合物),3.制备得到的产物S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物,总收率达到84%,4.使用带有手性的廉价天然化合物薄荷醇充当手性辅基的中间体化合物S-5作为原料,使得下一步反应具有手性诱导性,进一步提高生成的产物S11的立体选择性,5.合成路线简单、高效、绿色、友好,为手性氨基酸地制备提供了一种极具竞争优势,并且可产业化生产的合成工艺。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明提供的进行详细说明。需要理解的是,这些实施例描述只是为进一步详细说明本发明的特征,而不是对本发明范围或本发明权利要求范围的限制。
实施例1:
27℃(室温),将奎宁(3.24g,10mmol)加入500mL三口圆底烧瓶中,N2保护下,加入50mL丙酮溶解搅拌;加入相应的芳基苄溴(10.5mmol),转至60℃油浴锅中加热回流4h;恢复至室温27℃,将反应液用100mL的砂芯漏斗在循环水泵抽滤,并用适量丙酮冲洗3次,得到棕色滤饼cat.1粗品;将滤饼转至100mL单口圆底烧瓶中,加入磁子,加入乙醚(50mL)打浆3h,然后用100mL的砂芯漏斗在循环水泵抽滤,并用适量乙醚冲洗3次,得到棕色粉末cat.-1纯品;将其转至100mL单口圆底烧瓶中用真空泵抽干备用;得到cat.1:3.4g,55%收率。cat.1的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.54(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.49-8.38(m,2H),8.10(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.07(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.99-7.95(m,2H),7.87(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.67(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.35(s,1H),7.14-7.05(m,2H),6.87(s,1H),6.45(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),6.40-6.26(m,1H),5.62-5.52(m,1H),5.25(d,J=17.2Hz,1H),4.99(dd,J=10.6,1.5Hz,1H),4.92-4.84(m,1H),4.56(t,J=9.5Hz,1H),4.15(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),3.76(s,3H),2.96-2.89(m,1H),2.77(t,J=11.9Hz,1H),2.24(s,1H),2.09-1.94(m,4H),1.82(s,1H),1.36-1.31(m,1H).
实施例2:
26℃(室温),将cat.1(10mol%,1.6mmol)加入到250mL三口圆底烧瓶中;N2保护下,依次加入用48mL甲苯溶解的S5(6.0g,15.9mmol),32ml 50%KOH水溶液,搅拌均匀;-20℃恒温冷肼中缓慢滴加用48mL甲苯溶解的S10(5.8g,19.1mmol)并剧烈搅拌4h;取样点板至式S5消失,停止反应,恢复至室温;用EA萃取3次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤1次,再加无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂;得到淡黄色油状液体S11粗品,S11粗品无需过硅胶柱,直接由于投下一步反应。26℃(室温),将S11粗品加入250mL单口圆底烧瓶中,加入300mlTHF溶解搅拌;0℃冰浴,加入2M HCl 150ml搅拌2h;取样点板至S11消失,停止反应;搅拌条件下,加入KOH水溶液将体系调至pH=10;用EA萃取3次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤1次,再加无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸仪旋干溶液,真空泵抽干;得到淡黄色油状液体S12的粗品,然后过硅胶柱,得到纯品S12,6.2g,89%收率,99%ee。(Cat.1为最佳催化剂)式S12化合物的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.36-7.21(m,5H),6.59(s,2H),4.93(s,2H),4.66-4.56(m,1H),3.63-3.54(m,1H),3.01-2.89(m,1H),2.79-2.69(m,1H),2.27(s,6H),1.80-1.74(m,1H),1.63-1.57(m,2H),1.52-1.36(m,3H),1.33-1.24(m,1H),1.03-0.92(m,1H),0.84-0.74(m,7H),0.70(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),0.63(d,J=6.9Hz,1H)。
实施例3:
26℃(室温),将cat.2(10mol%,1.6mmol)加入到250mL三口圆底烧瓶中;N2保护下,依次加入用48mL甲苯溶解的S5(6.0g,15.9mmol),32ml 50%KOH水溶液,搅拌均匀;-20℃恒温冷肼中缓慢滴加用48mL甲苯溶解的S10(5.8g,19.1mmol)并剧烈搅拌4h;取样点板至S5消失,停止反应,恢复至室温;用EA萃取3次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤1次,再加无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂;得到淡黄色油状液体S11粗品,S11粗品无需过硅胶柱,直接由于投下一步反应。26℃(室温),将S11粗品加入250mL单口圆底烧瓶中,加入300ml THF溶解搅拌;0℃冰浴,加入2M HCl 150ml搅拌2h;取样点板至S11消失,停止反应;搅拌条件下,加入KOH水溶液将体系调至pH=10;用EA萃取3次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤1次,再加无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸仪旋干溶液,真空泵抽干;得到淡黄色油状液体S12的粗品,然后过硅胶柱,得到纯品S12,5.2g,75%收率,99%ee。
实施例4:
26℃(室温),将cat.3(10mol%,1.6mmol)加入到250mL三口圆底烧瓶中;N2保护下,依次加入用48mL甲苯溶解的S5(6.0g,15.9mmol),32ml 50%KOH水溶液,搅拌均匀;-20℃恒温冷肼中缓慢滴加用48mL甲苯溶解的S10(5.8g,19.1mmol)并剧烈搅拌4h;取样点板至S5消失,停止反应,恢复至室温;用EA萃取3次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤1次,再加无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂;得到淡黄色油状液体S11粗品,S11粗品无需过硅胶柱,直接由于投下一步反应。26℃(室温),将S11粗品加入250mL单口圆底烧瓶中,加入300ml THF溶解搅拌;0℃冰浴,加入2M HCl 150ml搅拌2h;取样点板至S11消失,停止反应;搅拌条件下,加入KOH水溶液将体系调至pH=10;用EA萃取3次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤1次,再加无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸仪旋干溶液,真空泵抽干;得到淡黄色油状液体S12的粗品,然后过硅胶柱,得到纯品S12,5.9g,85%收率,99%ee。
实施例5:
26℃(室温),将cat.4(10mol%,1.6mmol)加入到250mL三口圆底烧瓶中;N2保护下,依次加入用48mL甲苯溶解的S5(6.0g,15.9mmol),32ml 50%KOH水溶液,搅拌均匀;-20℃恒温冷肼中缓慢滴加用48mL甲苯溶解的S10(5.8g,19.1mmol)并剧烈搅拌4h;取样点板至S5消失,停止反应,恢复至室温;用EA萃取3次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤1次,再加无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂;得到淡黄色油状液体S11粗品,S11粗品无需过硅胶柱,直接由于投下一步反应。26℃(室温),将S11粗品加入250mL单口圆底烧瓶中,加入300ml THF溶解搅拌;0℃冰浴,加入2M HCl 150ml搅拌2h;取样点板至S11消失,停止反应;搅拌条件下,加入KOH水溶液将体系调至pH=10;用EA萃取3次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤1次,再加无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸仪旋干溶液,真空泵抽干;得到淡黄色油状液体S12的粗品,然后过硅胶柱,得到纯品S12,5.4g,77%收率,99%ee。
实施例6:
33℃在上述实施例2-5得到的S12中,分别加入100ml THF和100ml MeOH搅拌(4个平行实验);加入2ml水;慢慢加入LiOH(0.77g,32mmol),搅拌24h;点板检测S12消失,停止反应;搅拌条件下,加入稀HCl调反应液pH=7;用砂芯漏斗过滤,滤饼用EA洗3次,收集滤饼,抽干称重得到纯品S13,为白色固体,产量分别为:当Cat.1作为催化剂得到4g白色固体S13,84%收率(两步总收率89%*94%),纯度99%,99%ee;Cat.2作为催化剂得到3.3g白色固体S13,70%收率(两步总收率75%*93%),纯度99%,99%ee;Cat.3作为催化剂得到3.8g白色固体S13,80%收率(两步总收率85%*94%),纯度99%,99%ee;Cat.4作为催化剂得到3.4g白色固体S13,72%收率(两步总收率77%*94%),纯度99%,99%ee。
式S13化合物的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.44-7.37(m,4H),7.33-7.30(m,1H),6.65(s,2H),5.03(s,2H),3.15-3.09(m,2H),2.71-2.66(m,1H),2.25(s,6H)。
Claims (11)
1.一种式S11化合物,其特征在于,结构式为:
其中,R1或R2相同或不同地为芳基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1,R2相同地为苯基。
3.一种式S11化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,由式S10化合物与式S5化合物在催化剂的存在下经亲核取代反应制备,
其中,R1,R2的定义与权利要求1中的相同。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为手性相转移催化剂,结构式为:
其中,Ar为芳基。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述手性相转移催化剂结构式为:
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,进一步经亚胺水解脱保护基反应制备式S12化合物,
其中,R1,R2的定义与权利要求1中的相同。
7.一种S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括经亲核取代反应制备式S11化合物,后经脱保护基反应制备S-2,6-二甲基酪氨酸衍生物,
8.根据权利要求3或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述亲核取代反应在碱存在的条件下进行。
9.根据权利要求3或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述亲核取代反应温度为0℃~25℃。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱为有机碱或无机碱。
11.根据权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述亚胺水解脱保护基的步骤在酸的条件下进行,所述酸为有机酸或无机酸。
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