CN117543983A - Parameter optimization design method for bidirectional CLLC resonant converter - Google Patents
Parameter optimization design method for bidirectional CLLC resonant converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN117543983A CN117543983A CN202311346697.3A CN202311346697A CN117543983A CN 117543983 A CN117543983 A CN 117543983A CN 202311346697 A CN202311346697 A CN 202311346697A CN 117543983 A CN117543983 A CN 117543983A
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a parameter optimization design method of a bidirectional CLLC resonance converter, which belongs to the technical field of DC-DC converters and specifically comprises the following steps: s1: selecting a suitable resonant frequency f r The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S2: designing a high-frequency transformer transformation ratio n; s3: determining the maximum value L of excitation inductance according to the constraint of the soft switch m_max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S4: according to the voltage gain and frequency adjusting range, the exciting inductance L is designed m And resonant inductance L 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S5: calculating resonant inductance L 2 Resonance capacitor C 1 And resonance capacitor C 2 . The method is simple and visual, and meanwhile ensures that the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter can realize soft switching in a full load range when working in the forward and reverse directions; not only can be applied to a wide voltage range but also circuit loss can be reduced to improve efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of DC-DC converters, in particular to a parameter optimization design method of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter.
Background
With the continuous development of renewable energy source technology, the direct current micro-grid applied to the electric automobile field is increasingly focused by researchers, and a bidirectional DC-DC converter (BDC) is an indispensable ring in the direct current micro-grid, and plays a role in connecting a direct current link bus and an electric load.
There are several mature isolated BDC topologies in the field of dc micro-grids, in which a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) and CLLC resonant converter are the most commonly used isolated BDC topologies due to the common advantages of a modular symmetrical structure, zero voltage switching characteristics, and high efficiency.
However, the soft switching region of DAB converters is limited to a narrow voltage range and the switching tube may still be turned off when the current peaks, which leads to a large turn-off loss. In contrast, CLLC resonant converters are capable of achieving zero voltage switching over a full range and have less turn-off loss. Therefore, in a future distributed energy system, the CLLC resonance circuit has wider application prospect.
However, when the CLLC converter is used to interconnect the dc bus and the energy storage battery, the design and operation of the CLLC converter face a great challenge due to the wide battery voltage range in the charge and discharge modes, and especially for the design of the CLLC converter parameters, many factors such as voltage gain, resonant frequency range, and soft switching need to be considered in the design process. Therefore, the parameter design of the CLLC resonant converter is complex, and no general effective method is formed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is intended to outline some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the description of the invention and in the title of the invention, which may not be used to limit the scope of the invention.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a parameter optimization design method of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter, which aims to solve the problem of complex parameter design of the CLLC resonant converter, and can be suitable for a wide voltage range and reduce circuit loss so as to improve efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a parameter optimization design method of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter, which adopts the following technical scheme: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a suitable resonant frequency f r ；
S2: designing a high-frequency transformer transformation ratio n;
s3: determining the maximum value L of excitation inductance according to the constraint of the soft switch m_max ；
S4: according to the voltage gain and frequency adjusting range, the exciting inductance L is designed m And resonant inductance L 1 ；
S5: calculating resonant inductance L 2 Resonance capacitor C 1 And resonance capacitor C 2 。
Optionally, in step S1, the resonant frequency f r The expression of (2) is:
the selection of a suitable resonance frequency requires on the one hand consideration of the maximum resonance frequency allowed by the switching tube and on the other hand consideration of the volume weight of the passive components in the device.
Optionally, in step S2, the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter has the highest working efficiency at the resonant frequency, so the transformer transformation ratio is designed so that the converter operates near the resonant frequency under the rated condition, and the high-frequency transformer transformation ratio is calculated by assuming that the switching tubes are all ideal switches:wherein V is 1nom Is input voltage, V 2nom Is the output voltage.
Optionally, in step S3, zero-voltage turn-on of the primary side switching tube of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter is implemented, and the resonant current should be in dead time t dead Output capacitor C of inner pair primary side switching tube coss Full charge and discharge, the size of the resonant current excitation inductance depends on the high frequency changeExciting inductance L of the transformer m And a resonance frequency maximum f smax Maximum value L of excitation inductance m_max The expression of (2) is:
in addition, the exciting inductance L m The smaller the more guaranteed all the switching tubes realize zero voltage switching ZVS. However, the excitation inductance cannot be too low because it increases the excitation current, resulting in increased losses. On the other hand, the larger the excitation inductance, the smaller the excitation current can be ensured, but it limits the voltage gain of the converter. Therefore, the design of the excitation inductance needs to be comprehensively considered according to the voltage gain curve.
Optionally, in step S4, the excitation inductance L m And resonant inductance L 1 The specific value of (3) is a voltage gain curve diagram drawn by combining a fundamental wave equivalent method. On the basis of ensuring that the designed parameters meet the forward and reverse voltage gain, the frequency adjusting range is reduced as much as possible.
Alternatively, since the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter needs to realize bidirectional flow and control of power, the method should be designed by combining the forward and reverse voltage gain curve and the forward and reverse frequency adjustment range of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter.
Optionally, in step S5, the excitation inductance L m And resonant inductance L 1 After the value of (a) is determined, according to the transformation ratio n and the resonant frequency f of the high-frequency transformer r The resonant inductance L can be obtained according to the formula (1) 2 Resonance capacitor C 1 And resonance capacitor C 2 The expression is:
in summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the parameter optimization design method of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter provided by the invention is simple and visual, and meanwhile, ensures that the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter can realize soft switching in a full load range when working in forward and reverse directions; not only can be applied to a wide voltage range but also circuit loss can be reduced to improve efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a topology circuit diagram of a bi-directional CLLC resonant converter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing voltage gain of a bi-directional CLLC resonant converter according to the present invention at different excitation inductances Lm;
FIG. 3 is a graph of voltage gain for a bi-directional CLLC resonant converter of the present invention at different k values;
fig. 4 is an experimental waveform diagram of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter based on the parameter optimization design method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings in the embodiments of the present invention will be combined; the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described; obviously; the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention; but not all embodiments, are based on embodiments in the present invention; all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without undue burden; all falling within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a topology diagram of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter is shown. The topological circuit diagram comprises a full-bridge structure Q of a primary side 1 -Q 4 Full bridge structure Q with secondary side 5 -Q 8 Primary side full-bridge arm midpoint A, B and primary side resonant inductance L 1 And a resonance capacitor C 1 Is connected with the secondary side full-bridge arm midpoint C, D and the secondary side resonance inductance L 2 And a resonance capacitor C 2 And (5) connection. A high-frequency isolation transformer T is arranged between the primary side and the secondary side r The transformation ratio is n:1, and the excitation inductance is L m 。
The invention discloses a parameter optimization design method of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter, which takes direct current bus voltage of 700-800V and storage battery voltage of 500-800V as examples to carry out parameter design of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter, wherein the parameter design mainly comprises resonant frequency f r High frequency transformer transformation ratio n and resonant element parameters.
Suitable resonant frequency f r On the one hand, the maximum allowable operating frequency of the switching tube needs to be considered, and on the other hand, the volume weight of passive devices in the equipment needs to be considered. Comprehensively considering the on-off delay of the switching tube and the volume and heat dissipation condition of the equipment of the embodiment, the resonant frequency f r 73kHz was taken.
The bidirectional CLLC resonant converter is at a resonant frequency f r The highest working efficiency is achieved, so the transformation ratio n of the high-frequency transformer is designed to enable the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter to work at the resonant frequency f under the rated condition r Nearby. The rated voltage of the direct current bus of the utility model is 750V, and the rated voltage of the storage battery is 600V, so the transformer transformation ratio
Zero-voltage switching-on of a primary side switching tube of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter is realized, and resonant current is required to be in dead time t dead Output capacitor C of inner pair primary side switching tube coss Full charge and discharge, the size of the resonant current excitation inductance depends on the excitation inductance L of the high-frequency transformer m And resonant frequency f s Maximum f smax Maximum value L of excitation inductance m_max The expression of (2) is:
to achieve zero voltage switching ZVS of the switching tubes, for 4 switching tubes Q 1 ～Q 4 The junction capacitance is charged and discharged, so that the excitation inductance needs to satisfy:
FIG. 2 shows different excitation inductances L m Voltage gain curve of the lower bidirectional CLLC resonant converter. In the present embodiment, the Forward voltage Forward gain range is 0.94-1.07, and the reverse voltage backsaward gain range is 0.75-1.20. As can be seen from fig. 2, under the condition of satisfying the soft switch, the following L m Both the forward and reverse voltage gain curves become steeper and the range of corresponding frequency adjustments correspondingly becomes smaller, which increases the excitation current, resulting in increased losses. Under comprehensive consideration, the present embodiment takes L m ＝160μH。
Fig. 3 is a voltage gain curve of a bi-directional CLLC resonant converter at different k values. Wherein k is excitation inductance L m And resonant inductance L 1 Ratio of (k=l) m /L 1 . As can be seen from fig. 3, as the k value decreases, the voltage gain curve becomes steeper, which is beneficial to reduce the adjustment range of the frequency, but too small k value increases the return power of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter, so the present embodiment limits the minimum operating frequency of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter to 40kHz, thereby solving k=4.44, l 1 ＝L m /k＝36μH。
Excitation inductance L m And resonant inductance L 1 After the value of (a) is determined, according to the transformation ratio n of the transformer and the resonant frequency f r The primary resonance inductance L can be obtained 1 Resonance capacitor C with primary and secondary sides 1 、C 2 。
Fig. 4 is an experimental waveform diagram of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter based on the parameter optimization design method of the present invention.
In fig. 4 (a), (b) and (c), the waveforms of the respective diagrams are the secondary side dc voltage V in order from top to bottom 2 Primary side resonant current i L1 And a switching tube Q 1 Drive v of (2) gs_Q1 From i L1 And v gs_Q1 The waveform of the switch tube can be known under three working conditionsQ 1 Zero voltage turn-on is achieved. In fig. 4 (a), the power of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter was 5kW, the input dc voltage was 800V, and the output dc voltage was 550V, and the operating frequency at this time was 95kHz. In fig. 4 (b), the power of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter is 5kW, the input dc voltage is 750V, the output dc voltage is 600V, the operating frequency is 73kHz when the converter is just operated at the rated input/output voltage, and the efficiency of the converter reaches 96.5% of the maximum. In fig. 4 (c), the power of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter was 5kW, the input dc voltage was 700V, the output dc voltage was 800V, and the operating frequency at this time was 48kHz. Therefore, the design parameters of the utility model meet the bidirectional voltage regulating function of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter, realize the soft switch and have high working efficiency.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the invention should be covered in the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A parameter optimization design method of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a resonant frequency f r ；
S2: designing a high-frequency transformer transformation ratio n;
s3: determining the maximum value L of excitation inductance according to the constraint of the soft switch m_max ；
S4: according to the voltage gain and frequency adjusting range, the exciting inductance L is designed m And resonant inductance L 1 ；
S5: calculating resonant inductance L 2 Resonance capacitor C 1 And resonance capacitor C 2 。
2. The method for optimizing parameters of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S1, the resonant frequency f r The expression of (2) is:
3. the method for optimizing parameters of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter according to claim 2, wherein: in step S2, the high frequency transformer transformation ratio is calculated as:
wherein V is 1nom Is input voltage, V 2nom Is the output voltage.
4. A method for optimizing parameters of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter according to claim 3, wherein: in step S3, zero-voltage turn-on of the primary side switching tube of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter is realized, and the resonant current should be at dead time t dead Output capacitor C of inner pair primary side switching tube coss Full charge and discharge, the size of the resonant current excitation inductance depends on the excitation inductance L of the high-frequency transformer m And a resonance frequency maximum f smax Maximum value L of excitation inductance m_max The expression of (2) is:
5. the method for optimizing parameters of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter of claim 4, wherein: in step S4, the excitation inductance L m And resonant inductance L 1 The specific value of (3) is a voltage gain curve diagram drawn by combining a fundamental wave equivalent method.
6. The method for optimizing parameters of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the method should be designed by combining the forward and reverse voltage gain curve and the forward and reverse frequency adjustment range of the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter.
7. The method for optimizing parameters of a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S5, the excitation inductance L m And resonant inductance L 1 After the value of (a) is determined, according to the transformation ratio n and the resonant frequency f of the high-frequency transformer r The resonant inductance L can be obtained according to the formula (1) 2 Resonance capacitor C 1 And resonance capacitor C 2 The expression is:
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| CN202311346697.3A CN117543983A (en) | 2023-10-17 | 2023-10-17 | Parameter optimization design method for bidirectional CLLC resonant converter |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117937950A (en) * | 2024-03-21 | 2024-04-26 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司杭州市钱塘区供电公司 | Parameter optimization method based on three-phase CLLC resonant converter and converter |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117937950A (en) * | 2024-03-21 | 2024-04-26 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司杭州市钱塘区供电公司 | Parameter optimization method based on three-phase CLLC resonant converter and converter |
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