CN117541031B - Full-period proper ecological flow interval deducing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for calculating a full-period proper ecological flow interval; based on the historical natural daily runoff data of the river basin ecological control section, a cumulative flow proportion difference method is provided, a year-by-year difference sequence is obtained, the runoff period is divided into three stages by combining the main fish spawning and propagation period data of the river basin ecological control section, and for the annual stationary period, the flow corresponding to the historical daily runoff p and 1-p quantiles is calculated as the upper and lower limit ranges of the proper ecological flow of the period; for the spawning sensitive period of fish, calculating the upper and lower limit ranges of the proper ecological flow in the period by adopting a biological hydrological response model; for the intra-year fluctuation period, a suitable ecological flow interval range calculating method based on a scene recourse reduction technology is provided, and the upper and lower limit ranges of the suitable ecological flow in the period are calculated; and finally, summarizing and splicing the sections with the proper ecological flow rate in each stage to form a full-period range with the proper ecological flow rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrology ecological flow calculation, in particular to a full-period suitable ecological flow interval calculating method.
Background
Along with the construction and the operation of the water engineering, the development and the utilization degree of human beings on river water resources are continuously improved, and the health of the original river ecological system is affected to a certain extent. In order to maintain the structure and the function of the ecological system of the river and the lake and improve the quality and the stability of the ecological system of the river and the lake, the concept of ecological flow is provided and is widely applied to the fields of reservoir dispatching operation, river basin planning management and the like.
According to incomplete statistics, the current ecological flow calculation method is more than 200, and can be divided into four types of hydrology methods, hydraulics methods, habitat simulation methods and integral methods. The hydrologic method only needs flow data, so that the calculation is simple and convenient, and the application is the most extensive. However, the existing hydrology method has two defects: firstly, combining the hydrologic method with the historical runoff data, adopting a statistical method to calculate the ecological flow process, and failing to consider that the spawning, propagation and the like of aquatic organisms such as river fish and the like are ecological water requirements; second, the full-cycle natural runoff process of rivers presents a staged character over time, but the hydrologically deduced ecological flow process generally does not have an obvious time staged character.
In view of the above, a full-period suitable ecological flow interval calculating method is provided, and the data of historical runoff, river basin ecology control section fish spawning, propagation and the like are combined to calculate a suitable ecological flow interval range with a stage characteristic, so that an important reference can be provided for reservoir ecological flow scheduling.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a full-period suitable ecological flow interval calculating method, provides a full-period suitable ecological flow interval calculating method and provides technical support for further expanding a hydrologic ecological flow calculating method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a full-period proper ecological flow interval deducing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting historical natural daily runoff data of ecological control sections of drainage basins, providing a cumulative flow proportion difference method, calculating the ratio of the daily cumulative flow of each year to the average flow of many years and a second-order backward difference value, and obtaining a year-by-year difference sequence;
s2, calculating an average value of inflection points of the year-by-year differential sequence, and dividing the runoff period into three stages according to the data of the river basin ecological control section, wherein the three stages are an annual stationary period, a fish spawning sensitive period and an annual fluctuation period respectively;
s3, calculating the annual stationary phase before sorting from small to large year by yearFractional number of bits, whereinAnd before orderingThe flow corresponding to the quantile is used as the upper and lower limit ranges of the proper ecological flow in the annual stationary period;
s4, for the fish spawning sensitive period, calculating the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow of the fish spawning sensitive period by adopting a biological hydrological response model based on the spawning and flow of the fish in the river basin ecological control section;
s5, for the annual fluctuation period, providing a calculation method of a suitable ecological flow interval range based on a scene recourse reduction technology, and calculating the ranges of the upper limit and the lower limit of the suitable ecological flow of the annual fluctuation period;
and S6, according to the S1-S5, summarizing and splicing the intervals with proper ecological flow in each stage, and obtaining the interval range with proper ecological flow in the whole period of the ecological control section of the river basin.
Further, in the step S1, the basin ecological control section history natural daily runoff data specifically includes:
；
wherein,representing a matrix formed by natural daily runoffs of the river basin ecological control section history;represent the firstYear of lifeFlow value per day, unit；Andrepresenting the total number of days and total years of a year, respectively.
Further, in the step S1, the cumulative flow ratio difference method specifically includes:
s101, calculating the accumulated flow ratio according to natural daily runoffs of the ecological control section history, wherein the accumulated flow ratio is specifically as follows:
；
wherein,represent the firstYear of lifeCumulative flow ratio of days;represents the average flow rate of the river basin ecological control section history for years, and the unit；
S102, calculating to obtain a year-by-year differential sequence by adopting a second-order backward difference method, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
；
wherein,representing a year-by-year differential sequence matrix;represent the firstYear of lifeSecond-order backward differential values of days;
the calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
。
further, in S2, the year-by-year differential sequence inflection point is specifically:
；
wherein,represent the firstA annual differential sequence inflection point group;andrespectively represent the firstThe 1 st and 2 nd inflection points of year areEqual to 0;
in the step S2, the average value of inflection points of the year-by-year differential sequence is calculated according to the following formula:
；
；
wherein,andmean values of inflection points of the 1 st and 2 nd year-by-year differential sequences are respectively represented;representing an upward integer function;
in the S2, the data of the river basin ecological control section is that the spawning period and the propagation period of the fish are the firstDay to dayThe day, wherein,；
based onAndand (b)Andthe runoff process of the ecological control section is divided into three stages, namely:
the annual stationary period is from day 1 to dayTianhe (Chinese character)Day to dayA day;
the spawning sensitive period of fish, the firstDay to dayDay, annual fluctuation period is the firstDay to dayDay, the (b)Day to dayAnd (3) days.
Further, in the step S3, the historical natural runoff in the annual stationary period is calculated to form a runoff matrix, which specifically includes:
；
wherein,a runoff matrix which represents the historical natural runoffs in the annual stationary period;
selecting the data of each row of runoffs in the historical natural runoff matrix in the annual stationary period before sorting according to the sorting from small to largeWhereinAndthe upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow in the annual stationary phase are formed by the following steps:
；
；
wherein,andrespectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow in the annual stationary phase;andrespectively represent the stationary phase in the yearBefore the sorting from small to large year by yearBefore the quantile and the sortingQuantile flow value, unit。
Further, the fish spawning and flow rate of the river basin ecological control section of the S4 is specifically:
；
；
wherein,a flow matrix for representing spawning sensitive period of fish in the river basin ecological control section;an oviposition amount matrix for representing the oviposition sensitive period of the fish in the river basin ecological control section;represent the firstYear of lifeEcologically controlling spawning amount of sectional fishes in a tenna river basin, wherein the spawning amount is ten thousand per ten thousand grains;
the biological hydrological response model is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps:
；
；
；
wherein,representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinA sequence of day history traffic;representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinA daily historical spawning amount sequence;representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinFitting relation between spawning amount and corresponding flow of fish in the day.
Further, in the step S4, the upper limit and the lower limit of the suitable ecological flow rate of the spawning sensitive period of the fish are calculated, specifically:
s401, statistics of historical basin ecological control sectionThe maximum and minimum values of spawning amount of the main fish in the day are specifically as follows:
；
;
wherein,representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinThe maximum spawning amount of the fish is mainly the highest in every ten thousand grains;representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinMinimum value of spawning quantity of fish in daily life, unit；
S402, calculating the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow of the fish in the river basin ecological control section in the spawning sensitive period, wherein the range is specifically as follows:
；
；
wherein,representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinUpper limit of ecological flow rate suitable for daily use, unit；Representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinLower limit of ecological flow suitable for daily use, unit。
Further, in S5, the flow data of the annual fluctuation period specifically includes:
for the purpose ofThe scene back-substitution reduction technology is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps:
；
；
；
wherein,representing a scene back-substitution reduction model;representing the reduced scene corresponding probability sequence;representing the post-reduction thScene correspondence probability;representing the reduced traffic scene matrix;representing a reduced scene number;
select scene after downscalingThe maximum value and the minimum value of the daily flow are used as the upper limit and the lower limit range of the proper ecological flow in the annual fluctuation period, and specifically:
；
；
wherein,andrespectively represent the annual fluctuation periodUpper and lower limits of suitable ecological flow per day, units。
Further, in the step S6, the interval range of the full period suitable ecological flow of the river basin ecological control section is specifically:
；
；
wherein,andrespectively represent the upper limit and the lower limit of the full period suitable ecological flow of the ecological control section of the river basin.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method for calculating the full-period suitable ecological flow interval is provided for the first time, the historical runoff data of the river basin ecological control section are combined, the spawning and propagation periods of fish with the ecological control section are considered, the annual runoff process is divided in stages, the upper limit range and the lower limit range of the suitable ecological flow are calculated by adopting various methods, the defect of a hydrologic ecological flow calculation method can be overcome, and important references are provided for the development of ecological flow scheduling of a reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating a full-period suitable ecological flow interval according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a runoff staging of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a full-period suitable ecological flow interval of a river basin ecological control section according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, taking a river basin ecological control section of the Yangtze river as an example, a method for calculating a full-period suitable ecological flow interval is specifically described, and includes the following steps:
s1, collecting historical natural daily runoff data of ecological control sections of drainage basins, providing a cumulative flow proportion difference method, calculating the ratio of the daily cumulative flow of each year to the average flow of many years and a second-order backward difference value, and obtaining a year-by-year difference sequence;
the natural daily runoff data of the river basin ecological control section history specifically comprises the following steps:
；
wherein,representing a matrix formed by natural daily runoffs of the river basin ecological control section history;represent the firstYear of lifeFlow value per day, unit；Andrespectively represent the total day of one yearNumber and total years; for the situation of year wetting, deleting the flow data of 29 days of 2 months, and ensuring the regularity of the matrix;
the cumulative flow ratio difference method specifically comprises the following steps:
s101, calculating the accumulated flow ratio according to natural daily runoffs of the ecological control section history, wherein the accumulated flow ratio is specifically as follows:
；
wherein,represent the firstYear of lifeCumulative flow ratio of days;represents the average flow rate of the river basin ecological control section history for years,
s102, calculating to obtain a year-by-year differential sequence by adopting a second-order backward difference method, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
；
wherein,representing a year-by-year differential sequence matrix;represent the firstYear of lifeSecond-order backward differential values of days;
the calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
s2, calculating an average value of inflection points of the year-by-year differential sequence, and dividing the runoff period into three stages according to the data of the river basin ecological control section, wherein the three stages are an annual stationary period, a fish spawning sensitive period and an annual fluctuation period respectively;
in the step S2, the year-by-year differential sequence inflection points are specifically:
；
wherein,represent the firstA annual differential sequence inflection point group;andrespectively represent the firstThe 1 st and 2 nd inflection points of year areEqual to 0;
the average value of inflection points of the year-by-year differential sequence is calculated as follows:
；
；
wherein, based on the year-by-year differential sequence inflection point value obtained by S1, the average value of the inflection points of the differential sequence for many years is calculated, namely=97 sum=301 represents the average value of the inflection points of the 1 st and 2 nd year-by-year differential sequences, respectively; this is similar to the flood season of the basin in this example, 4 months to 9 months, and the non-flood season divided by 10 months to 3 months of the next year;representing an upward integer function;
in the S2, the spawning and propagation period of main fishes in the river basin ecological control section is the firstDay to dayIn the days, the total weight of the product,
wherein, according to the data such as the comprehensive planning of the river basin and the comprehensive dispatching report of the reservoir group of the river basin, the spawning sensitive period of the main fishes in the ecological control section of the river basin is 5 late to 7 early days，Based onAndand (b)Andcan control the section of the ecologyIs divided into three stages, namely: the annual stationary phase is from day 1 to dayTianhe (first)Day to dayThe spawning sensitive period of the fish is dayDay to dayDay, annual fluctuation period is the firstDay to dayDay, the (b)Day to dayAnd (3) days.
S3, for the annual stationary phase, calculating the historical natural runoffs before sorting from small to large year by yearFractional number of bits, whereinAnd before orderingThe flow corresponding to the quantile is used as the upper and lower limit ranges of the proper ecological flow in the annual stationary period;
in the step S3, calculating the historical natural runoff in the annual stationary period to form a runoff matrix, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
；
wherein,a runoff matrix which represents the historical natural runoffs in the annual stationary period;
selecting the data of each row of runoffs in the historical natural runoff matrix in the annual stationary period before sorting according to the sorting from small to largeWhereinAndthe upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow in the annual stationary phase are formed by the following steps:
；
；
wherein,andrespectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow in the annual stationary phase;andrespectively represent the stationary phase in the yearBefore the sorting from small to large year by yearBefore the quantile and the sortingQuantile flow value, unit。
S4, for the fish spawning sensitive period, calculating the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow of the fish spawning sensitive period by adopting a biological hydrological response model based on the spawning and flow of the fish in the river basin ecological control section;
the fish spawning and flow of the river basin ecological control section of the S4 are specifically:
；
；
wherein,a flow matrix for representing spawning sensitive period of fish in the river basin ecological control section;an oviposition amount matrix for representing the oviposition sensitive period of the fish in the river basin ecological control section;represent the firstYear of lifeEcologically controlling spawning amount of sectional fishes in a tenna river basin, wherein the spawning amount is ten thousand per ten thousand grains;
the biological hydrological response model is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps:
；
；
；
wherein,representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinA sequence of day history traffic;representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinA daily historical spawning amount sequence;representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinFitting relation between spawning amount and corresponding flow of fish in the day.
In the step S4, calculating the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow of the spawning sensitive period of the fish, specifically:
s401, statistics of historical basin ecological control sectionThe maximum and minimum values of spawning amount of the main fish in the day are specifically as follows:
；
;
wherein,representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinThe maximum spawning amount of the fish is mainly the highest in every ten thousand grains;representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinMinimum value of spawning quantity of fish in daily life, unit；
S402, calculating the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow of the fish in the river basin ecological control section in the spawning sensitive period, wherein the range is specifically as follows:
；
；
wherein,representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinUpper limit of ecological flow rate suitable for daily use, unit；Representing the spawning sensitive period of the fish with the ecological control section of the river basinLower limit of ecological flow suitable for daily use, unit。
S5, for the annual fluctuation period, providing a calculation method of a suitable ecological flow interval range based on a scene recourse reduction technology, and calculating the ranges of the upper limit and the lower limit of the suitable ecological flow of the annual fluctuation period;
in the step S5, flow data in the annual fluctuation period specifically includes:
for the purpose ofThe scene back-substitution reduction technology is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps:
；
；
；
wherein,representing a scene back-substitution reduction model;representing the reduced scene corresponding probability sequence;representing the post-reduction thScene correspondence probability;representing the reduced traffic scene matrix;representing a reduced scene number; here, the；
Select scene after downscalingThe maximum value and the minimum value of the daily flow are used as the upper limit and the lower limit range of the proper ecological flow in the annual fluctuation period, and specifically:
；
；
wherein,andrespectively represent the annual fluctuation periodUpper and lower limits of suitable ecological flow per day, units。
S6, according to the S1-S5, summarizing and splicing the sections with proper ecological flow in each stage to obtain the section range with proper ecological flow in the whole period of the ecological control section of the river basin;
in the step S6, the interval range of the full period suitable ecological flow of the river basin ecological control section is specifically:
；
；
wherein,andrespectively represent the upper limit and the lower limit of the full period suitable ecological flow of the ecological control section of the river basin.
The foregoing examples merely illustrate embodiments of the invention and are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present patent is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for calculating the full-period proper ecological flow interval is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, collecting historical natural daily runoff data of ecological control sections of drainage basins, providing a cumulative flow proportion difference method, calculating the ratio of the daily cumulative flow of each year to the average flow of many years and a second-order backward difference value, and obtaining a year-by-year difference sequence;
s2, calculating an average value of inflection points of the year-by-year differential sequence, and dividing the runoff period into three stages according to the data of the river basin ecological control section, wherein the three stages are an annual stationary period, a fish spawning sensitive period and an annual fluctuation period respectively;
s3, for the annual stationary phase, calculating the historical natural runoffs before sorting from small to large year by yearFractional number of bits, whereinAnd before ordering->The flow corresponding to the quantile is used as the upper and lower limit ranges of the proper ecological flow in the annual stationary period;
s4, for the fish spawning sensitive period, calculating the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow of the fish spawning sensitive period by adopting a biological hydrological response model based on the spawning and flow of the fish in the river basin ecological control section;
s5, for the annual fluctuation period, providing a calculation method of a suitable ecological flow interval range based on a scene recourse reduction technology, and calculating the ranges of the upper limit and the lower limit of the suitable ecological flow of the annual fluctuation period;
s6, according to the S1-S5, summarizing and splicing the sections with proper ecological flow in each stage to obtain the section range with proper ecological flow in the whole period of the ecological control section of the river basin;
in the S1, the natural daily runoff data of the river basin ecological control section history is specifically:
；
wherein,representing a matrix formed by natural daily runoffs of the river basin ecological control section history; />Indicate->Year of lifeDay flow value, unit->；/>And->Representing the total number of days and total years of a year, respectively;
in the step S1, the accumulated flow ratio difference method specifically comprises the following steps:
s101, calculating the accumulated flow ratio according to natural daily runoffs of the ecological control section history, wherein the accumulated flow ratio is specifically as follows:
；
wherein,indicate->Age->Cumulative flow ratio of days; />Represents average flow rate of river basin ecological control section history for years, unit +.>；
S102, calculating to obtain a year-by-year differential sequence by adopting a second-order backward difference method, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
；
wherein,representing a year-by-year differential sequence matrix; />Indicate->Age->Second-order backward differential values of days;
the calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
in the step S5, flow data in the annual fluctuation period specifically includes:
；
for the purpose ofThe scene back-substitution reduction technology is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps:
；
；
；
wherein,representing a scene back-substitution reduction model; />Representing the reduced scene corresponding probability sequence; />Representing the reduced->Scene correspondence probability; />Representing the reduced traffic scene matrix; />Representing a reduced scene number;
select scene after downscalingThe maximum value and the minimum value of the daily flow are used as the upper limit and the lower limit range of the proper ecological flow in the annual fluctuation period, and specifically:
；
；
wherein,and->Respectively represent the annual fluctuation period/>Upper and lower limits of suitable ecological flow per day, units；
S6, the interval range of the full period suitable ecological flow of the river basin ecological control section is specifically:
；
；
wherein,
and->Respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the full period suitable ecological flow of the ecological control section of the river basin;
in the step S2, the year-by-year differential sequence inflection points are specifically:
；
wherein,indicate->A annual differential sequence inflection point group; />And->Respectively represent +.>1 st and 2 nd inflection points of +.>Equal to 0;
in the step S2, the average value of inflection points of the year-by-year differential sequence is calculated according to the following formula:
；
；
wherein,and->Mean values of inflection points of the 1 st and 2 nd year-by-year differential sequences are respectively represented; />Representing an upward integer function;
in the S2, the data of the river basin ecological control section is that the spawning period and the propagation period of the fish are the firstDay to->The day, wherein,，/>；
based onAnd->And->And->The runoff process of the ecological control section is divided into three stages, namely:
the annual stationary period is from day 1 to dayTianhe->Day to->A day;
the spawning sensitive period of fish, the firstDay to->Day, intra-annual fluctuation period is +.>Day to->Day, the (b)Day to->And (3) days.
2. The method for calculating the full-period suitable ecological flow interval according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the historical natural runoff in the annual stationary period is calculated to form a runoff matrix, and specifically:
；
wherein,a runoff matrix which represents the historical natural runoffs in the annual stationary period;
selecting the data of each row of runoffs in the historical natural runoff matrix in the annual stationary period before sorting according to the sorting from small to largeFractional number, wherein->And before ordering->The flow of the fractional digits constitutes the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow in the annual stationary phase, and specifically comprises the following steps:
；
；
wherein,and->Respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow in the annual stationary phase; />Andrespectively represent the +.>Before the daily sorting from small to large year->Quantile and before ordering->Quantile flow value, unit->。
3. The method for calculating the full-period suitable ecological flow interval according to claim 2, wherein the fish spawning and flow of the river basin ecological control section of S4 is specifically:
；
；
wherein,a flow matrix for representing spawning sensitive period of fish in the river basin ecological control section; />An oviposition amount matrix for representing the oviposition sensitive period of the fish in the river basin ecological control section; />Indicate->Age->Ecologically controlling spawning amount of sectional fishes in a tenna river basin, wherein the spawning amount is ten thousand per ten thousand grains;
the biological hydrological response model is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps:
；
；
；
wherein,represents the sensitive spawning period of the fish with the ecological control section in the river basin>A sequence of day history traffic; />Represents the sensitive spawning period of the fish with the ecological control section in the river basin>A daily historical spawning amount sequence; />Represents the sensitive spawning period of the fish with the ecological control section in the river basin>Fitting relation between spawning amount and corresponding flow of fish in the day.
4. A method for estimating a full-cycle fit ecological flow interval according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S4, calculating the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow of the spawning sensitive period of the fish, specifically:
s401, statistics of historical basin ecological control sectionThe maximum and minimum values of spawning amount of the main fish in the day are specifically as follows:
；
;
wherein,represents the sensitive spawning period of the fish with the ecological control section in the river basin>The maximum spawning amount of the fish is mainly the highest in every ten thousand grains; />Represents the sensitive spawning period of the fish with the ecological control section in the river basin>Minimum value of spawning quantity of fish in day main, unit +.>；
S402, calculating the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the proper ecological flow of the fish in the river basin ecological control section in the spawning sensitive period, wherein the range is specifically as follows:
；
；
wherein,represents the sensitive spawning period of the fish with the ecological control section in the river basin>Upper limit of ecological flow rate suitable for daily use, unit；/>Represents the sensitive spawning period of the fish with the ecological control section in the river basin>Lower limit of ecological flow suitable for daily use, unit。
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