CN116542459A - Ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning ground habitat of fishes in variable water return area - Google Patents

Ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning ground habitat of fishes in variable water return area Download PDF

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CN116542459A
CN116542459A CN202310484752.9A CN202310484752A CN116542459A CN 116542459 A CN116542459 A CN 116542459A CN 202310484752 A CN202310484752 A CN 202310484752A CN 116542459 A CN116542459 A CN 116542459A
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reservoir
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张陵蕾
李福霜
陈旻
李嘉
廖宁
安瑞冬
邓云
脱友才
方思倩
李东海
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning sites of fishes in a fluctuation water return area, which comprises the steps of establishing a depth two-dimensional plane numerical model of the fluctuation water return area of a reservoir, and recording the model as a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; the effective habitat area (WUA) of fish under the average flow for years when the natural river channel of the water return area is changed is simulated, the target WUA value is determined, WUA under the working conditions of different flow and water level after the reservoir is built is simulated, the working condition that the spawning ground of the water return area is changed to meet the target WUA value is further clearly made, and the water level interval meeting the building requirement is selected according to the incoming flow condition to perform water level scheduling. According to the method, the relationship between reservoir flow, water level and effective fish habitat area is established by integrating the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the fish habitat model, so that reservoir ecological dispatching measures are defined. The ecological dispatching method provided by the invention can effectively improve river ecology and provide effective reference for maintaining and rebuilding reservoirs of the spawning sites of the fluctuation water return areas.

Description

Ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning ground habitat of fishes in variable water return area
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of reservoir management, relates to ecological scheduling of fish spawning sites, and particularly relates to an ecological scheduling method for remodeling of fish spawning sites in a fluctuation water return area.
Background
The reservoir group plays the functions of flood control, power generation, irrigation and the like, and simultaneously changes the natural hydrologic situation of the river, so that the topography, hydrodynamic force, water temperature and other environmental conditions of the river are changed, and the original propagation and growth conditions of aquatic organisms are further destroyed. The stronger the reservoir regulation performance, the greater the influence on the natural hydrologic situation of the river, and the life habit of aquatic organisms represented by fish will be changed accordingly. To reduce this adverse effect of reservoirs, ecological dispatch studies are required. However, the influence of reservoir construction on fish spawning sites is mainly focused on downstream river segments of dam sites, and little attention is paid to reservoir change water return areas, so that spawning sites of reservoir change water return areas are abandoned. Due to the schedulable specificity of the reservoirs, spawning sites in the reservoir fluctuation water return area do not completely disappear, and most representative is fish spawning site habitat research in the fluctuation water return area of the Yangtze river three gorges reservoir, when the wild appearance of the reservoirs is carried out, fish eggs are found near the spawning sites of the original natural river, which indicates that fish can still reproduce in the fluctuation water return area suitable for spawning.
At present, the research on the spawning ground and habitat of fishes in a changed water return area only aims at four large fishes in reservoirs in plain areas, but the suitability range of the four large fishes for hydrodynamic conditions is large, and the qualitative evaluation of the reservoir operation management needs to consider the spawning ground in the changed water return area mainly by analyzing the change of the effective habitat area (Weighted Usable Area) (hereinafter referred to as WUA) of fishes before and after the dam is established. These research methods are difficult to meet the quantitative ecological schedule of spawning sites of benthic cold water fish such as schizothorax prenanti in mountain river channel type reservoir fluctuation water return areas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation of lack of ecological dispatching in a river channel type reservoir fluctuation water return area, particularly lack of quantitative ecological dispatching for a spawning site of benthonic cold water fish, the invention aims to provide a method for determining the ecological dispatching of the reservoir based on the spawning site of the fish in the reservoir fluctuation water return area, and the effective habitat area of the fish under different working conditions can be predicted, so that the relationship between the effective habitat area (WUA) of the fish in the reservoir fluctuation water return area and the reservoir dispatching is obtained, and therefore, technical support is provided for operation dispatching of the reservoir, and reservoir management and spawning site protection of the fish in the fluctuation water return area are facilitated.
The invention is characterized in that a reservoir model is firstly established, WUA of a natural river channel is simulated, then a target WUA value is determined, then WUA under different working conditions after reservoir establishment is simulated, and further working conditions that a variable water return area spawning site meets the target WUA value are definitely enabled, and reservoir scheduling is carried out according to the screened working conditions.
Based on the inventive thought, the invention provides an ecological scheduling method for remodeling the spawning ground habitat of fishes in a variable water return area, which comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a reservoir depth two-dimensional plane numerical model comprising a reservoir fluctuation water return area, and recording the model as a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model;
calculating effective habitat area WUA of benthonic cold water fishes in a variable water return area under different percentages of the annual average flow of a natural river by utilizing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model so as to determine a target WUA value;
step three, determining the flow and water level working conditions which occur during the spawning period of benthonic cold water fishes according to the historical hydrological data;
calculating hydrodynamic conditions of the fluctuation water return area under different flow and water level working conditions in the third step by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, and calculating WUA values of the fluctuation water return area according to a fish flow velocity water depth suitability curve;
and fifthly, determining a reservoir water level scheduling scheme according to the flow and water level working conditions which meet the target WUA value.
Collecting reservoir topography data, hydrologic data and a fish flow velocity and water depth suitability curve, wherein the hydrologic data comprises a warehouse-in flow rate, a warehouse-out flow rate and a dam front water level, and the flow velocity and water depth suitability curve is obtained from a literature and comprises a flow velocity suitability curve and a water depth suitability curve. The collected hydrologic data are used for model verification and statistics of the flow water level condition of the reservoir in the spawning period. The flow water level working condition of the statistical spawning period can be the subsequent clear calculation working condition, so that the hydrologic data are collected as much as possible to comprehensively reflect the response of the fish WUA in the reservoir fluctuation water return area to the hydrologic data.
Establishing a reservoir depth two-dimensional plane numerical model by utilizing collected topographic data; and (3) carrying out parameter calibration on the established numerical model by utilizing the collected hydrologic data, and ensuring that the hydrodynamic condition simulated by the model is reliable.
The specific operation is as follows: converting the topographic data and the boundary data into XYZ format files by using a notepad, importing the XYZ format files into a Mesh Generator module in MIKE Zero to generate a calculation grid and topographic interpolation, generating a Mesh file and importing the Mesh file. Selecting a Flow Mode module in MIKE21, importing a mesh file, setting simulation time, simulation step length, dry-wet boundary, density, vortex-viscosity coefficient, bed roughness, wind field, rainfall, evaporation capacity, flow and water level data, and running to generate a file in m21fm format to complete the construction of a hydrodynamic model; the number of the grids of the variable water return area in the generated two-dimensional hydrodynamic model accounts for 70-98% of the number of the grids of the whole reservoir. And calibrating the hydrodynamic model according to the collected hydrologic data, wherein the errors of the simulation value and the actual measurement value are controlled within 10%.
Simulating WUA values of a variable water return area under the condition of a natural river channel of a variable water return area of a reservoir and with different percentages of average flow for years, obtaining a flow-WUA curve, determining a maximum WUA value according to the curve, taking 60% of the maximum WUA value as a target WUA value, and specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) Simulating hydrodynamic conditions under different percentages of average annual flow under the condition of a natural river channel of a reservoir containing a reservoir fluctuation water return area by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; the hydrodynamic conditions include flow rate and water depth;
(2) Extracting flow velocity and water depth data of each calculation unit under different percentage conditions;
(3) Searching the suitability degree corresponding to the water depth data of each flow rate from the water depth suitability curve of the flow rate, and calculating the comprehensive habitat suitability index HSI of each calculation unit by using a geometric average method; the HSI calculation formula is:
wherein HSI i To calculate the comprehensive habitat suitability index of the unit, the method is carried out by SI vi ，SI di And SI (information and information) ci (i.e., flow rate, water depth, channel Suitability (SI) ci Comprehensively considering the conditions of the substrate and the cover), the three are the most representative variables of the physical habitat of the river, and the range of the values of the three is 0 to 1; for reservoir change water return area which can be definitely used as fish spawning site, calculating river channel fitness index SI ci Are all 1;
(4) Calculating the effective habitat area WUA of the fish in the changed water return area; WUA refers to the effective habitat area in which fish can survive in a river, and is defined as the product of the habitat suitability index of a computing unit and the unit area, and the computing formula is:
wherein n is the number of calculation units in the reservoir fluctuation water return area; a is that i Is the area of the calculation unit; calculating the effective habitat area WUA of the fish in the variable water return area under each working condition;
(5) And determining a flow-WUA curve according to the corresponding flow of different percentages of the average flow for many years and the corresponding effective habitat area WUA of the fish, obtaining a maximum WUA value according to the curve, and taking 60% of the maximum WUA value as a target WUA value.
The benthic cold water fish aimed by the invention is special products in a plateau region, and schizothorax fish frequently living in an emergency flow, such as schizothorax prinus, schizothorax prinus and the like.
And thirdly, counting the inflow flow and reservoir water level conditions occurring in the spawning period of benthonic cold water fishes according to the collected hydrological data, wherein the inflow flow and reservoir water level conditions comprise a flow threshold range and a water level threshold range. For the flow rates, starting from the lowest flow rate, each interval is 20-100m 3 Setting a flow condition until the flow is highest; for the water level, starting from the lowest water level, setting a water level working condition at intervals of 2-5 meters until the water level reaches the highest water level; and constructing a plurality of flow water level combinations by utilizing the flow working conditions and the water level working conditions.
And step four, calculating hydrodynamic conditions of the variable water return area in the step three under different incoming flow rates and reservoir water level working conditions by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, and determining the effective habitat area WUA value of the fish in the variable water return area of the reservoir, wherein the specific steps are shown in (2) - (4) in the step two.
Step five, screening out the flow water level combination condition meeting the target WUA by combining the working condition with the target WUA value; according to the fish spawning period inflow condition (namely reservoir inflow flow), a reservoir water level range is determined, and then the reservoir water level is scheduled so that WUA of the fluctuation water return area is above a target value.
Compared with the prior art, the ecological scheduling method for remodeling the spawning ground habitat of the fishes in the variable water return area has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the relationship between reservoir flow, water level and effective fish habitat area is established by integrating the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the fish habitat model, so that reservoir ecological dispatching measures are defined; the ecological dispatching method provided by the invention can effectively improve river ecology and provide effective reference for maintaining and rebuilding reservoirs of the spawning sites of the fluctuation water return areas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning ground habitats of fishes in a variable water return area.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the suitability of the flow rate and water depth of the schizothorax in spawning period of Minjiang zikou schizothorax in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a WUA of a variable water return area under different working conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is WUA change chart under the conditions of different flow rates and water levels; (b) To meet the flow-water level relationship diagram above the target WUA.
In the invention, the water level refers to the elevation of the water surface higher than the characteristic sea level (the common yellow sea base surface); the depth of water refers to the distance from the water surface to the river bottom.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The Minjiang river is a secondary tributary at the upstream of the Yangtze river, has the same characteristics of rapid water flow, large slope drop and the like as a plurality of rivers in southwest mountain areas of China, and is also subjected to cascade hydroelectric development, the aquatic habitat of the river is destroyed, and the spawning sites in the reservoir areas are submerged. The reservoir paved on the purple apron is the largest hydraulic engineering in the Min river main flow, the normal water storage level of the reservoir is 877m, the dead water level is 817m, and the water level amplitude reaches 60m. The variable backwater area of the reservoir paved on the purple apron is 12km long, and according to investigation, the open-mouth schizothorax fish (belonging to benthic cold water fish) spawning sites exist near the ancient stream ditch village in the reservoir area before reservoir water storage, however backwater inundation and water level amplitude influence after reservoir establishment cause the disappearance of the torrent habitat, so that the survival opportunities and survival spaces of the torrent fish such as the original open-mouth schizothorax fish are greatly reduced. The schizothorax bearing fish is a typical dominant fish in a river in a southwest mountain area, is also a Sichuan provincial protection animal, and has the advantages of favoring life at an acute and slow flow junction with lower water temperature and higher dissolved oxygen, and short-distance migration requirement in spawning seasons, so that the habit is not consistent with the reservoir area environment, and people pay little attention to life dynamics. In 2022, 5 months, when the wild appearance is developed on a lawn-paved reservoir, fish spawning and propagation signs appear at the original spawning site, which indicates that a habitat suitable for fish spawning still exists in the fluctuation water return area, so the ecological scheduling method provided by the invention is used for remodeling the spawning habitat of schizothorax fish in the fluctuation water return area of the reservoir by taking the lawn-paved reservoir as an example.
The ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning ground habitat of fishes in a variable water return area provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
step one, a reservoir depth two-dimensional plane numerical model comprising a reservoir fluctuation water return area is established and is recorded as a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model.
In this step, reservoir topography data, hydrologic data, and a fish flow rate and water depth suitability curve are collected. The hydrologic data comprise warehouse-in flow, warehouse-out flow and dam front water level, and the flow velocity water depth suitability curve is obtained from the literature.
Establishing a reservoir depth two-dimensional plane numerical model by utilizing collected topographic data; and (3) carrying out parameter calibration on the established numerical model by utilizing the collected hydrologic data, and ensuring that the hydrodynamic condition simulated by the model is reliable. The specific operation is as follows:
(1) Converting the topographic data and the boundary data into XYZ format files by using a notepad, importing the XYZ format files into a Mesh Generator module in MIKE Zero to generate calculation grids and topographic interpolation, generating Mesh files and importing the Mesh files; selecting a Flow Mode module in MIKE21, importing a mesh file, setting simulation time, simulation step length, dry-wet boundary, density, vortex-viscosity coefficient, bed roughness, wind field, rainfall, evaporation capacity, flow and water level data, and running to generate a file in m21fm format to complete the construction of a hydrodynamic model;
(2) And calibrating the hydrodynamic model according to the collected hydrologic data, wherein the errors of the simulation value and the actual measurement value are controlled within 10%.
In this embodiment, the lawn-paved reservoir is a typical river channel-type reservoir in southwest mountain area, the slope of the variable water return area is greatly reduced, and according to the specific implementation step one, the foundation data such as 2016 years of topographic data, hydrologic data, a flow velocity water depth suitability curve and the like are collected from the management place of the lawn-paved reservoir, and the hydrologic data comprise the ten-day-by-ten-day flow rate at the dam site of the reservoir in 50 years (1971-2020), and the actual measured day-by-day flow rate and water level condition of the 3 months-5 months of the spawning period (3 months-5 months) of the flat-mouth schizothorax fish in the lawn-paved reservoir in 10 years (2011-2020). The flow velocity and water depth suitability curve of the spawning period of the schizothorax grahami in Minjiang adopts the result obtained by research in Minjiang by Chen Mingqian, the flow velocity suitability interval of spawning of the schizothorax grahami in Minjiang is 0.5-2.5 m/s, wherein 1.4-1.6 m/s is the optimal suitability interval, and the suitability is 1; for water depths, the suitable interval is 0.5-1.5 m, and the detailed flow rate and water depth suitability are shown in figure 2.
And constructing a digital model (namely a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model) of the water power MIKE21 of the water reservoir paved on the lawn according to the first step, and calibrating. Firstly, the collected 2016 year violet lawn reservoir topography data is converted into plane coordinates and elevations, and is led into MIKE21 to generate 23452 unstructured grids, wherein the area is not more than 700m in a variable water return area 2 The number of the 22391 encrypted grids (the number of the grids of the variable water return area in the generated two-dimensional hydrodynamic model accounts for about 95% of the number of the grids of the whole reservoir), and the established violetland reservoir depth average two-dimensional MIKE21 numerical model (namely the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model) is used for calculating and evaluating hydrodynamic conditions. The daily dam front water level is simulated by utilizing the main reservoir Min in the river, the reservoir shou river and the reservoir outlet in the reservoir of month 2016, the dam front water level simulation value and the dam front water level actual measurement value obtained by the model calculation are compared, the maximum absolute error of the model simulation value and the actual measurement value is 0.32m, and the error requirement is met.
Calculating effective habitat area WUA of benthonic cold water fishes in a variable water return area under different percentages of the annual average flow of the natural river by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model so as to determine a target WUA value.
The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
(1) Simulating hydrodynamic conditions under different percentages of average annual flow under the condition of a natural river channel of a reservoir containing a reservoir fluctuation water return area by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; the hydrodynamic conditions include flow rate and water depth.
The average flow rate of the dam site of the reservoir paved on the purple plat for many years is 469m 3 The percentage was calculated by setting 10 conditions during the gradual increase from 15% to 100%, 15%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 80% and 100%, respectively.
Based on the set 10 different flow working conditions, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is utilized for simulation, and hydrodynamic conditions under the corresponding working conditions are obtained.
(2) Flow velocity and water depth data for different percentages of each calculation unit are extracted.
And (3) according to the simulation result of the step (1), deriving flow velocity and water depth data under each flow working condition.
(3) Searching the suitability degree corresponding to the water depth data of each flow rate from the water depth suitability curve of the flow rate, and calculating the comprehensive habitat suitability index HSI of each calculation unit by using a geometric average method; the HSI calculation formula is:
wherein HSI i To calculate the comprehensive habitat suitability index of the unit, the method is carried out by SI vi ，SI di And SI (information and information) ci (i.e. flow rate, water depth, channel suitability, SI) ci Comprehensively considering the conditions of the substrate and the cover), the three are the most representative variables of the physical habitat of the river, and the range of values of the three is 0 to 1; for reservoir change water return area which can be definitely used as fish spawning site, calculating river channel fitness index SI ci Are all 1.
The fitness corresponding to the flow velocity and water depth of each calculation unit is found according to fig. 2, and then the comprehensive habitat suitability index HSI of each calculation unit is calculated according to the above formula.
(4) Calculating the effective habitat area WUA of the fish in the changed water return area; WUA refers to the effective habitat area in which fish can survive in a river, and is defined as the product of the habitat suitability index of a computing unit and the unit area, and the computing formula is:
wherein n is the number of calculation units in the reservoir fluctuation water return area; a is that i Is the area of the calculation unit; the effective habitat area WUA of the fish in the variable water return area under each working condition is calculated.
And calculating WUA values of the variable water return area under each flow working condition according to the WUA formula, and further obtaining a flow-WUA curve.
(5) And determining a flow-WUA curve according to the corresponding flow of different percentages of the average flow for many years and the corresponding effective habitat area WUA of the fish, obtaining a maximum WUA value according to the curve, and taking 60% of the maximum WUA value as a target WUA value.
According to the flow-WUA curve, WUA increases and then decreases in the gradual increase of the percentage from 15% to 100%. 65% of the annual average flow (i.e. 304.85m 3 S) WUA reaches a peak 634889m 2 Therefore, the target WUA of the reservoir fluctuation water return area of the purple plat is 60% of the peak value of WUA, namely 380933m 2 。
And thirdly, determining the flow and water level working conditions which occur during the spawning period of the benthonic cold water fish according to the historical hydrological data, wherein the flow threshold range and the water level threshold range are included. For the flow rates, starting from the lowest flow rate, each interval is 20-100m 3 Setting a flow condition until the flow is highest; for the water level, a water level working condition is set every 3 meters from the lowest water level until the highest water level; and constructing a plurality of flow water level combinations by utilizing the flow working conditions and the water level working conditions.
Statistics collected among 10 years of purple plains in 2011-2020The daily flow and water level conditions of the laying reservoir, which are actually measured in the laying period of the schizothorax grahami, are designed to be 50-900m according to the flow design variation range of the statistical result 3 When the flow rate is higher than 900m3/s, the WUA value of the changed water return area is lower due to the overlarge flow rate, so that the method is obviously unsuitable for constructing spawning sites and habitats; the range of change in water level design was 817-856m, so 13 flow gradients and 14 water level gradients were determined as shown in Table 1. The 13 flow gradients and the 14 water level gradients are combined together to form 182 groups of working conditions to simulate and calculate hydrodynamic conditions of the variable water return area.
TABLE 1 flow and Water level conditions
And step four, calculating hydrodynamic conditions of the fluctuation water return area under different flow and water level working conditions in the step three by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, and calculating WUA values of the fluctuation water return area according to a fish flow velocity water depth suitability curve.
The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
(1) Simulating hydrodynamic conditions under different flow and water level working conditions in a natural river course step three of a reservoir containing a reservoir fluctuation water return area by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; the hydrodynamic conditions include flow rate and water depth.
Based on 182 sets of different flow and water level working conditions, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is utilized for simulation, and hydrodynamic conditions under corresponding working conditions are obtained.
(2) Flow velocity and water depth data for different percentages of each calculation unit are extracted.
And (3) according to the simulation result of the step (1), deriving the flow rate under the working conditions of each flow and water level.
(3) Searching the suitability degree corresponding to the water depth data of each flow rate from the water depth suitability curve of the flow rate, and calculating the comprehensive habitat suitability index HSI of each calculation unit by using a geometric average method; the HSI calculation formula is:
wherein HSI i To calculate the comprehensive habitat suitability index of the unit, the method is carried out by SI vi ，SI di And SI (information and information) ci (i.e., flow rate, water depth, channel Suitability (SI) ci Comprehensively considering the conditions of the substrate and the cover), the three are the most representative variables of the physical habitat of the river, and the range of the values of the three is 0 to 1; for reservoir change water return area which can be definitely used as fish spawning site, calculating river channel fitness index SI ci Are all 1.
The fitness corresponding to the flow velocity and water depth of each calculation unit is found according to fig. 2, and then the comprehensive habitat suitability index HSI of each calculation unit is calculated according to the above formula.
(4) The effective habitat area WUA of fish in the fluctuating water return area was calculated according to the following formula:
wherein n is the number of calculation units in the reservoir fluctuation water return area; a is that i Is the area of the calculation unit; the effective habitat area WUA of the fish in the variable water return area under each working condition is calculated.
The flow rate of the reservoir storage paved by the purple plat is 300m 3 For example, the dam front water level is 841m, and the corresponding adaptability of the flow velocity and the water depth of the model part calculation unit is shown in table 2.
Table 2 calculation of the cell flow velocity Water depth correspondence adaptability
For a reservoir fluctuation water return area which can be definitely used as a fish spawning site, the river channel suitability index is 1 in calculation. According to HSI (high speed interface) publicCalculating warehouse-in flow 300m 3 HSI of each calculation unit at/s and dam front level 841m i The results are shown in Table 3. The effective habitat area of the reservoir (i.e., WUA value) is then calculated according to the WUA formula.
Table 3 calculation unit HSI
Finally, calculating to obtain 300m of reservoir storage flow of the lawn paving reservoir 3 WUA of time-varying reverse water area of per s and dam front water level 841m is 414667.5185m 2 。
And calculating other working conditions according to the working conditions, and finally obtaining WUA results of the variable water return area of the lawn under different working conditions, wherein the WUA results are shown in figure 3.
And fifthly, determining a reservoir water level scheduling scheme according to the flow and water level working conditions which meet the target WUA value.
The specific implementation process of the step is as follows:
(1) Sorting WUA changes of a reservoir change water return area under different flow water level combination conditions, and screening out flow water level combination conditions meeting the requirements above a target WUA;
(2) And determining a reservoir water level range according to the incoming flow of the reservoir, and scheduling the reservoir water level to enable WUA of the reservoir fluctuation water return area to meet the target WUA.
In this embodiment, as can be seen from FIG. 3 (a), when the reservoir level is fixed, the flow rate is from 50m 3 Increase/s to 900m 3 WUA of reservoir change water return area is increased to peak value and then gradually decreased. WUA (WUA) displaying reservoir fluctuation water return area under different water level working conditions at flow rate of 300m 3 Peak at/s and at 300m 3 Steadily decreasing after/s, and having extremely high consistency. When the incoming flow is fixed, WUA of the reservoir fluctuation water return area shows remarkable monotonicity as the water level rises from 817m to 856m, and the higher the water level is, the smaller the WUA is. The white plane in the figure is the objectTarget WUA value 380933m 2 The target WUA can be met above the white plane, and when the reservoir water level is above 844m, the WUA values are below the white plane and cannot reach the target WUA. Therefore, when the water level is higher than 844m, WUA above a target value cannot be created regardless of the inflow condition, so that the spawning period of the schizothorax bearing fish should make the water level of the reservoir run below 844m as much as possible, but care should be taken not to be lower than the dead water level 817m of the design of the purple plateau reservoir.
The flow water level conditions satisfying the target WUA value are extracted (fig. 3 (b)) and the flow water level conditions are extracted. The darker the color in the graph shows that the higher the WUA of the reservoir fluctuation water return area, and the lighter the color, the lower the WUA of the reservoir fluctuation water return area, and the diagonal line area is more than the target WUA value. WUA high value of visible water reservoir change water return area is concentrated at flow rate of 300m 3 Near/s, and the lower the water level, the larger the WUA. The incoming flow is lower than 114.72m 3 /s or higher than 652.64m 3 At/s, the target WUA value cannot be met by dispatching the reservoir level. The incoming flow rate is between [260m ] 3 /s，370m 3 /s]When the reservoir water level is less than 844m, the target WUA can be met, but attention should be paid not to be lower than the dead water level 817m of the reservoir design.
The water level can be scheduled according to the incoming flow rate to enable WUA values to fall in the oblique line area of figure 3 in the spawning period of the schizothorax grahami in the ziprack reservoir so as to achieve the purpose of constructing enough WUAs of fishes in a variable water return area.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of aiding the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (5)

1. An ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning ground habitat of fishes in a variable water return area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, establishing a reservoir depth two-dimensional plane numerical model comprising a reservoir fluctuation water return area, and recording the model as a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model;
calculating effective habitat area WUA of benthonic cold water fishes in a variable water return area under different percentages of the annual average flow of a natural river by utilizing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model so as to determine a target WUA value;
step three, determining the flow and water level working conditions which occur during the spawning period of benthonic cold water fishes according to the historical hydrological data;
calculating hydrodynamic conditions of the fluctuation water return area under different flow and water level working conditions in the third step by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, and calculating WUA values of the fluctuation water return area according to a fish flow velocity water depth suitability curve;
and fifthly, determining a reservoir water level scheduling scheme according to the flow and water level working conditions which meet the target WUA value.
2. The ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning ground habitats of fish in a variable water return area according to claim 1, wherein the number of meshes in the variable water return area in the generated two-dimensional hydrodynamic model accounts for 70-98% of the number of meshes in the whole reservoir.
3. The ecological scheduling method for the remodeling of fish spawning ground habitat of a variable water return area according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the second step, the WUA value of the variable water return area is simulated under the condition of a natural river channel of the variable water return area of a reservoir for a plurality of years at different percentages of average flow, a flow-WUA curve is obtained, a maximum WUA value is determined according to the curve, and 60% of the maximum WUA value is used as a target WUA value, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Simulating hydrodynamic conditions under different percentages of average annual flow under the condition of a natural river channel of a reservoir containing a reservoir fluctuation water return area by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; the hydrodynamic conditions include flow rate and water depth;
(2) Extracting flow velocity and water depth data of each calculation unit under different percentage conditions;
(3) Searching the suitability degree corresponding to the water depth data of each flow rate from the water depth suitability curve of the flow rate, and calculating the comprehensive habitat suitability index HIS of each calculation unit by using a geometric average method; the HSI calculation formula is:
wherein HSI i To calculate the comprehensive habitat suitability index, SI of the unit vi ，SI di And SI (information and information) ci Respectively representing the flow rate, the water depth and the suitability of the river channel;
(4) Calculating the effective habitat area WUA of the fish in the changed water return area; WUA refers to the effective habitat area for fish to survive in a river, defined as the product of the habitat suitability index of a unit and the unit area, calculated as:
wherein n is the number of calculation units in the reservoir fluctuation water return area; a is that i Is the area of the calculation unit; calculating the effective habitat area WUA of the fish in the variable water return area under each working condition;
(5) And determining a flow-WUA curve according to the corresponding flow of different percentages of the average flow for many years and the corresponding effective habitat area WUA of the fish, obtaining a maximum WUA value according to the curve, and taking 60% of the maximum WUA value as a target WUA value.
4. The ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning ground and habitat of fish in variable water return area as recited in claim 3, wherein in step three, for the flow rate, starting from the lowest flow rate, each interval is 20-100m 3 Setting a flow condition until the flow is highest; for the water level, starting from the lowest water level, setting a water level working condition at intervals of 2-5 meters until the water level reaches the highest water level; and constructing a plurality of flow water level combinations by utilizing the flow working conditions and the water level working conditions.
5. The ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning ground habitat of fishes in a variable water return area according to claim 3, wherein in the fifth step, the flow water level combination condition meeting the condition above a target WUA is screened out by combining the condition above the target WUA value; and determining a reservoir water level range according to the inflow condition of the spawning period of the fish, and further scheduling the reservoir water level so that the changed water return area WUA is above a target value.
CN202310484752.9A 2023-04-28 2023-04-28 Ecological scheduling method for remodeling spawning ground habitat of fishes in variable water return area Pending CN116542459A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117892980A (en) * 2024-03-14 2024-04-16 长江水资源保护科学研究所 Ecological scheduling method and device for round-mouth copper fish

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117892980A (en) * 2024-03-14 2024-04-16 长江水资源保护科学研究所 Ecological scheduling method and device for round-mouth copper fish
CN117892980B (en) * 2024-03-14 2024-05-24 长江水资源保护科学研究所 Ecological scheduling method and device for round-mouth copper fish

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