CN107092786B - Ecological base flow calculation method and system considering different states of river - Google Patents
Ecological base flow calculation method and system considering different states of river Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological base flow calculation method and system considering different states of a river, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining river runoff data from a river monitoring server of a river monitoring station; calculating a catastrophe point of the runoff data of each river, and further determining the type of the river; the types of rivers include: rivers with water supplement and rivers without human disturbance; and respectively calculating the ecological base flow of the river according to the type of the river. The method can accurately calculate the ecological base flow according to different types of rivers, and further has important significance for observing the stability of biological communities such as rivers, animals and plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ecological base flow calculation, and particularly relates to an ecological base flow calculation method and system considering different states of a river.
Background
The calculated value of the river ecological base flow is a stable value observed for a long time. According to the summary of the method for calculating the ecological base flow by the tharm, the calculation method can be roughly divided into four types: hydrology method, hydraulics method, ecological flow analysis method and ecological environment simulation method.
At present, the problems of insufficient ecological monitoring data, limited manpower and material resources and the like are easily encountered in the practical application of China in a hydraulic method, an ecological flow analysis method and an ecological environment simulation method, so that the hydrology method is a method which is used more domestically. The method is characterized in that relevant hydrological indexes are applied, and corresponding indexes such as river ecological water demand, ecological base flow and the like are obtained through long-series flow data. In the hydrological method, the Tennant method is a widely applied method, and is named as the Tennant method by summarizing the results of research on 11 rivers which are slightly influenced by human activities by experts such as Tennat and the like, observation of influence of the rivers on fishery under the conditions of different flow rates, different flow areas and the like.
The Tennant method has the advantages that the local river ecological base flow can be quickly calculated according to the corresponding coefficients only by obtaining the local flow data for a long time, and the calculation result is reasonable. But the method emphasizes on considering the annual flow change, the difference between the flow of the river in the rich water period and the flow of the river in the low water period is reduced, the river with different function positioning is not classified and discussed, and the set staging percentage in the method can not meet the requirement of the fish in the spawning period. Rivers in northern areas of China show obvious seasonal changes, the flow difference between flood seasons and non-flood seasons is obvious, and the ecological base flow of the rivers also changes obviously along with seasons. Under the influence of human activities, the runoff of most natural rivers and urban rivers in northern areas of China is reduced year by year, and the rivers are defined as non-water-replenishing rivers; however, the flow rate of a small part of rivers is increased year by year due to water diversion, artificial water replenishing, river diversion and the like, and the river is defined as a water replenishing river.
In view of this, the invention provides a method for correcting the annual average flow rate by reducing or restoring the runoff process in consideration of the annual runoff change of the river and the influence of the ecological process on the hydrological process aiming at the function positioning and the runoff change trend of different rivers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the disadvantages of the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide an ecological-based flow calculation method considering different states of a river. The method is used for accurately calculating the ecological base flow according to different types of rivers aiming at the function positioning and runoff change trends of different rivers, and further has important significance for observing the stability of biological communities such as rivers, animals and plants.
The invention relates to an ecological base flow calculation method considering different states of a river, which is completed in a server or a processor and comprises the following steps:
acquiring river runoff data from a river monitoring server of a river monitoring station;
calculating a catastrophe point of the runoff data of each river, and further determining the type of the river; the types of rivers include: rivers with water supplement and rivers without human disturbance;
respectively calculating the ecological base flow of the river according to the type of the river:
if the river is a water-replenishing river disturbed by human beings, firstly, inquiring runoff data behind a first mutation point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow reduction calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is an unhydrated river disturbed by human beings, firstly inquiring runoff data before a first catastrophe point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow recovery calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is not disturbed by human, firstly correcting the flow by using a base flow segmentation method, and applying the principle that the flow equalizing quantity is unchanged to ensure that the corrected annual average flow is equal to the original annual average flow so as to obtain the monthly average river flow; and finally, comparing the monthly river flow with 10% of the corrected annual average flow, and taking a larger value as the current-month river ecological base flow.
Further, a Mann-Kendall method is adopted to obtain a mutation point of the runoff data of each river.
The Mann-Kendall method is abbreviated as an M-K method and is a non-distribution test method suitable for non-normal distribution. The method has the advantages that the interference of extreme values in data can be eliminated, the sample is not required to have a certain statistical distribution rule, the calculation is simple and convenient, and the method is widely applied to research on sequence variation diagnosis in aspects of rainfall, runoff and the like in hydrology.
Further, if there is no abrupt point, the river is a river which is not disturbed by human;
if the catastrophe points exist, the river belongs to a river disturbed by human beings, and the runoff sequence is further analyzed, if the runoff is reduced year by year, the river is a non-water-replenishing river; if the runoff increases year by year, the river is subjected to artificial water replenishing and is a water replenishing river.
Firstly, analyzing a river runoff sequence, and if a catastrophe point does not exist, considering the river as a river which is not disturbed by human beings; if the catastrophe points exist, the river is disturbed by human beings, the runoff sequence is further analyzed, if the runoff is reduced year by year, the river is not supplemented with water, and if the runoff is increased year by year, the river is supplemented with water artificially and belongs to river water.
Further, before the new flow sequence is formed by flow reduction calculation, rainfall information of the river is also acquired; the specific process of forming a new flow sequence by flow reduction calculation is as follows:
linearly fitting rainfall runoff relation before a mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall after the mutation point into a rainfall runoff relational expression before the linear fitting mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff after the mutation point so as to finish reduction calculation.
For reduction calculation, the rainfall runoff relation under the underlying surface condition before mutation is obtained by fitting the rainfall runoff before the mutation point by adopting a rainfall runoff related curve method, and the runoff quantity simulated after the mutation point can be obtained by inputting the rainfall quantity after the mutation point, so that the reduction calculation is completed.
Further, before the flow is calculated and formed into a new flow sequence, rainfall information of the river is obtained; the specific process of flow calculation to form a new flow sequence is as follows:
linearly fitting the rainfall runoff relation after the mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall before the mutation point into a linear fitting rainfall runoff relational expression before the mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff before the mutation point, thereby finishing the calculation.
When the river ecological base flow is calculated, runoff data which is greatly influenced by human needs to be screened after the catastrophe point is screened, and the reliability of the result can be ensured. Meanwhile, in order to avoid interference of runoff data of the river in a natural period on a calculation result, the runoff data before the mutation point is subjected to flow reconstruction calculation, so that the reliability and consistency of runoff series data are improved, and the runoff series data are more in line with actual conditions.
Furthermore, for the river with water supplement, a typical year is selected from the catastrophe point, and for the river without water supplement, the opposite is performed;
the method for selecting the typical year comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring annual average flow of river monitoring stations one by one
(2) The annual flow monitored by each river monitoring station is compared with
Dividing to obtain the annual modulus kit；
(3) Calculating a modulus mean
Wherein i is the ith observation station, and t is the tth time period, wherein t is a positive integer;
(4) selecting
The year closest to 1 is the typical year, and if there are a plurality of years close to 1, the year with the smallest deviation coefficient is taken as the typical year.
The invention selects the annual flow process of the typical year to replace the annual average flow of the river, and the annual flow process of the typical year can reflect the annual withering change rule of the flow.
Further, the process of correcting the flow by applying the base flow segmentation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: q. q.stAnd q ist-1Filtered surface runoff (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3/s)；QtAnd Qt-1Total radial flow (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3/s), where t is a positive integer; a is a filter coefficient and is a constant; after the surface runoff is calculated by the above formula, the base runoff bt＝Qt-qt。
In order to avoid the influence of the flattened data on the result, the annual average flow needs to be corrected so as to be more in line with the actual situation.
It is a second object of the present invention to provide an eco-based flux calculation system that takes into account different states of a river.
The invention relates to an ecological base flow calculation system considering different states of a river, which comprises:
a data collector configured to: acquiring river runoff data from a river monitoring server of a river monitoring station;
a data processor configured to:
calculating a catastrophe point of the runoff data of each river, and further determining the type of the river; the types of rivers include: rivers with water supplement and rivers without human disturbance;
respectively calculating the ecological base flow of the river according to the type of the river:
if the river is a water-replenishing river disturbed by human beings, firstly, inquiring runoff data behind a first mutation point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow reduction calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is an unhydrated river disturbed by human beings, firstly inquiring runoff data before a first catastrophe point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow recovery calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is not disturbed by human, firstly correcting the flow by using a base flow segmentation method, and applying the principle that the flow equalizing quantity is unchanged to ensure that the corrected annual average flow is equal to the original annual average flow so as to obtain the monthly average river flow; and finally, comparing the monthly river flow with 10% of the corrected annual average flow, and taking a larger value as the current-month river ecological base flow.
Further, the data processor is further configured to:
calculating a mutation point of the runoff data of each river by adopting a Mann-Kendall method;
if there is no abrupt point, the river is a river which is not disturbed by human;
if the catastrophe points exist, the river belongs to a river disturbed by human beings, and the runoff sequence is further analyzed, if the runoff is reduced year by year, the river is a non-water-replenishing river; if the runoff increases year by year, the river is subjected to artificial water replenishing and is a water replenishing river.
The Mann-Kendall method is abbreviated as an M-K method and is a non-distribution test method suitable for non-normal distribution. The method has the advantages that the interference of extreme values in data can be eliminated, the sample is not required to have a certain statistical distribution rule, the calculation is simple and convenient, and the method is widely applied to research on sequence variation diagnosis in aspects of rainfall, runoff and the like in hydrology.
Firstly, analyzing a river runoff sequence, and if a catastrophe point does not exist, considering the river as a river which is not disturbed by human beings; if the catastrophe points exist, the river is disturbed by human beings, the runoff sequence is further analyzed, if the runoff is reduced year by year, the river is not supplemented with water, and if the runoff is increased year by year, the river is supplemented with water artificially and belongs to river water.
Further, the data processor is further configured to:
before the flow reduction calculation forms a new flow sequence, rainfall information of the river is also obtained; the specific process of forming a new flow sequence by flow reduction calculation is as follows:
linearly fitting rainfall runoff relation before a mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall after the mutation point into a rainfall runoff relational expression before the linear fitting mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff after the mutation point so as to finish reduction calculation.
For reduction calculation, the rainfall runoff relation under the underlying surface condition before mutation is obtained by fitting the rainfall runoff before the mutation point by adopting a rainfall runoff related curve method, and the runoff quantity simulated after the mutation point can be obtained by inputting the rainfall quantity after the mutation point, so that the reduction calculation is completed.
Further, the data processor is further configured to:
before the flow is calculated and formed into a new flow sequence, rainfall information of the river is also obtained; the specific process of flow calculation to form a new flow sequence is as follows:
linearly fitting the rainfall runoff relation after the mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall before the mutation point into a linear fitting rainfall runoff relational expression before the mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff before the mutation point, thereby finishing the calculation.
When the river ecological base flow is calculated, runoff data which is greatly influenced by human needs to be screened after the catastrophe point is screened, and the reliability of the result can be ensured. Meanwhile, in order to avoid interference of runoff data of the river in a natural period on a calculation result, the runoff data before the mutation point is subjected to flow reconstruction calculation, so that the reliability and consistency of runoff series data are improved, and the runoff series data are more in line with actual conditions.
Further, the data processor is further configured to:
for the river with water supplement, selecting a typical year from the catastrophe point, and for the river without water supplement, the opposite is carried out;
the method for selecting the typical year comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring annual average flow of river monitoring stations one by one
(2) The annual flow monitored by each river monitoring station is compared with
Dividing to obtain the annual modulus kit；
(3) Calculating a modulus mean
Wherein i is the ith observation station, and t is the tth time period, wherein t is a positive integer;
(4) selecting
The year closest to 1 is the typical year, and if there are a plurality of years close to 1, the year with the smallest deviation coefficient is taken as the typical year.
The invention selects the annual flow process of the typical year to replace the annual average flow of the river, and the annual flow process of the typical year can reflect the annual withering change rule of the flow.
Further, the data processor is further configured to:
the process of correcting the flow by applying the base flow segmentation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: q. q.stAnd q ist-1Filtered surface runoff (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3/s)；QtAnd Qt-1Total radial flow (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3S); a is a filter coefficient and is a constant; after the surface runoff is calculated by the above formula, the base runoff bt＝Qt-qt。
In order to avoid the influence of the flattened data on the result, the annual average flow needs to be corrected so as to be more in line with the actual situation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the ecological base flow calculation method considering different states of the river, provided by the invention, aims at the change trends of function positioning and runoff of different rivers, can accurately calculate the ecological base flow of the rivers according to different types of the rivers, and further has important significance for observing the stability of biological communities such as rivers, animals and plants.
(2) The ecological base flow calculation system considering different states of the river obtains river runoff data from a river monitoring server of a river monitoring station through a data collector; calculating a catastrophe point of the runoff data of each river by using a data processor, and further determining the type of the river; the types of rivers include: rivers with water supplement and rivers without human disturbance; the ecological base flow of the river is respectively calculated according to the type of the river, the change trends of different river function positioning and runoff are realized, and the ecological base flow of the river is accurately calculated according to different types of rivers.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an ecological-based flow calculation method considering different states of a river.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ecological-based flow calculation system considering different states of a river.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The terms to which the invention relates are to be interpreted as:
the river runoff sequence is divided into daily runoff data, monthly runoff data and annual runoff data, and the data are acquired by a river monitoring server of a river monitoring station and then calculated.
Each regional hydrological meteorological station or hydrological bureau has relevant data, and calculation is carried out according to the data.
The term "percent" in "staging percent" means that the flow rate of the ecological base specified in the original Tennant method is a percentage of 10% of the annual average flow rate;
the stage division means that the invention divides the year into a general water use period and a fish birth period;
the percentage over 2 periods was defined as the percentage staging.
1 Mann-Kendall method
The Mann-Kendall method is abbreviated as an M-K method and is a non-distribution test method suitable for non-normal distribution. The method has the advantages that the interference of extreme values in data can be eliminated, the sample is not required to have a certain statistical distribution rule, the calculation is simple and convenient, and the method is widely applied to research on sequence variation diagnosis in aspects of rainfall, runoff and the like in hydrology.
For a time series X (X) of a certain sample with the capacity of n1,X2,X3,...,Xn) Constructing its rank sequence:
in the formula: dτThe number accumulated value is the number accumulated value of all the numerical values greater than the j moment at the ith moment; τ is a value range of i, τ is 1, 2. n is the sample volume; riAccording to X at time iiAnd XjThe size of (a) is 0 or 1; xiIs the value at time i; xjIs the value at time j, j ═ 1, 2.., i; UFτIs DτNormalizing the calculated value; e (D)τ)、V(Dτ) Is DτMean and variance of.
By looking up the normal distribution function table, the critical value U at a significant level of alpha can be obtainedαIf calculated by equation (3) | UFτ|＞UαThere is a clear trend of increasing or decreasing the sequence. Similarly, in reverse sequence { Xn,Xn-1,., 1 repeating the above steps to make UBτ＝-UFτWherein τ ═ n, n-1.., 1, according to UFτAnd UBτPlotting the values for UF and UB, if UFτAnd UBτIf the value is less than 0, the sequence shows a downward trend, otherwise, the sequence shows an upward trend. If UFτAnd UBτThe curve intersects at a critical value UαWhen the value of α is within ± 1.96 (α is 0.05 "), the time corresponding to the intersection may be the sequence variation start time.
2 runoff reduction and recurrence calculation
2.1 reduction calculation of non-Water-supplemented rivers
In general rivers influenced by artificial activities, the runoff of the river is gradually decreased year by year, and partial northern rivers even have flow break, so that the health of the river is seriously influenced. In order to ensure that the hydrological situation of the natural river in northern areas is not damaged and the basic function of urban rivers is maintained, runoff data which is slightly influenced by human needs to be screened out when the ecological base flow is calculated, and the authenticity of the result can be ensured. Meanwhile, in order to increase the reliability and consistency of series runoff data and avoid the influence of extreme runoff sequence data on a calculation result, the runoff data after the mutation point needs to be subjected to flow reduction calculation. For reduction calculation, the rainfall runoff relation under the underlying surface condition before mutation is obtained by fitting the rainfall runoff before the mutation point by adopting a rainfall runoff related curve method, and the runoff quantity simulated after the mutation point can be obtained by inputting the rainfall quantity after the mutation point, so that the reduction calculation is completed.
Specifically, the process of completing the reduction calculation is as follows:
(1) linear fitting is performed through the rainfall runoff relation before the mutation point:
R＝A·P+B
p is rainfall (mm) and R is runoff (hundred million)3) A, B are fitting parameters
(2) And substituting the rainfall after the mutation point into the formula to obtain the simulated runoff after the mutation point so as to finish the reduction calculation.
2.2 Simultaneous calculation of river supplement
The development and utilization degree of rivers in recent years in China is improved, particularly, the hydrological process of part of urban rivers subjected to large amount of water replenishing is greatly different from that of natural rivers, and errors are inevitably caused when ecological base flow calculation is carried out by directly using river runoff sequence data. Rivers supplemented with water are often used as sources for recharging and supplementing in order to meet the economic and ecological requirements around the river basin, and the emphasis is not on restoring the hydrological situation of the rivers. Therefore, when calculating the river ecological base flow, runoff data which is greatly influenced by human needs to be screened after the catastrophe point is screened, and the reliability of the result can be ensured. Meanwhile, in order to avoid interference of runoff data of the river in a natural period on a calculation result, the runoff data before the mutation point is subjected to flow reconstruction calculation, so that the reliability and consistency of runoff series data are improved, and the runoff series data are more in line with actual conditions. For the calculation, the method is similar to the reduction calculation and is not repeated.
Specifically, the completion of the recurring computing process is as follows:
(1) performing linear fitting through the rainfall runoff relation after the mutation point:
R＝A·P+B
p is rainfall (mm) and R is runoff (hundred million)3) A, B are fitting parameters
(2) And substituting the rainfall before the catastrophe point into the formula to obtain the simulated runoff before the catastrophe point, thereby finishing the recurrent calculation.
Selection of typical year
The invention selects the annual flow process of the typical year to replace the annual average flow of the river, the annual flow process of the typical year can reflect the annual withering change rule of the flow, and the ecological base flow calculated by the Tennant method of the typical year is more reasonable. For the river with water supplement, the typical year is selected from the catastrophe point, and for the river without water supplement, the opposite is carried out.
(1) Acquiring annual average flow of river monitoring stations one by one
(2) The annual flow monitored by each river monitoring station is compared with
Dividing to obtain the annual modulus kit；
(3) Calculating a modulus mean
Wherein i is the ith observation station, and t is the tth time period, wherein t is a positive integer;
(4) selecting
The year closest to 1 is the typical year, and if there are a plurality of years close to 1, the year with the smallest deviation coefficient is taken as the typical year.
Correcting monthly average flow by 4-base flow segmentation method
In order to avoid the influence of the flattened data on the result, the annual average flow needs to be corrected so as to be more in line with the actual situation. The research object of the Tennant method is that the natural river, river runoff, base flow and ecological base flow are closely related. The river base flow and the ecological base flow are part of river runoff; the base flow is the portion of the runoff that is groundwater recharge rivers; ecological base flows are the portion of the flow that is used to maintain the ecological function of a river. The river-based flow and the ecological-based flow are different in the source of replenishment, the base flow is the amount of groundwater replenishing the river, and the ecological-based flow includes not only groundwater replenishment but also surface runoff replenishment. For seasonal rivers, the runoff of the river in the dry season is almost completely supplied by groundwater, the runoff of the river base is equivalent to the runoff, and the ecological base flow is guaranteed by the base flow, namely the groundwater.
Basic equation of the basic flow segmentation method:
in the formula: q. q.stAnd q ist-1Filtered surface runoff (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3/s)；QtAnd Qt-1Total radial flow (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3S); a is a filter coefficient.
After the surface runoff is calculated by the above formula, the base runoff b is calculated by the following formula:
bt＝Qt-qt。
according to the characteristics of periodic change and ecological water demand of northern rivers, the water consumption is increased from 4 months to 9 months, the fishes gradually enter the spawning period, and the ecological water demand is relatively large; the rainfall is less from 10 months to 3 months in the next year, the water quantity of the river channel is relatively dry, the aquatic animals and plants enter a hibernation period, and the ecological water demand is relatively small. Therefore, the time interval is divided into 4 to 9 months (fish birth period) and 10 to 3 months (general water period) in the following year according to the river use and the actual water coming process of the river. Considering that the winter runoff of the natural river channel is mostly supplied by underground water, the river base flow is divided by base flow division, and the base flow represents the river flow of the natural river channel from 10 months to 3 months in the next year. And adjusting the corrected flow according to the principle that the annual average flow is not changed, so that the corrected annual average flow is equal to the original annual average flow.
Improvement in the selection of 5 staging percentages
According to the characteristics of periodic variation and ecological water demand of northern rivers, the rainfall is less in 10 months to 3 months in the next year, the water quantity of the river channel is relatively low, the aquatic animals and plants enter a hibernation period, the ecological water demand is relatively low, and the river channel is defined as a general water consumption period; the water consumption is increased from 4 months to 9 months, the fish gradually enters the spawning period, the ecological water demand is relatively large, and the spawning period is defined as the spawning period of the fish. In the general water-using period of the river, a certain runoff, flow velocity and water depth of the natural river are reserved, the biological populations such as fish and the like in the river and aquatic plants are completely suitable for the periodic hydrologic change process of the river, the river ecosystem is in a self-adjustable and self-recovery state, the ecological base flow specified in the Tennant method is set to be 10% of the annual average flow, and the requirements of the basic ecological environment and the biological populations of the river can be met. In order to solve the problem of flattening the monthly average flow in the Tennant method and meet the minimum requirements of life and ecological water, 15 percent of the corrected flow from 4 months to 9 months is set as the ecological base flow of the river, namely the minimum requirements of the river and organisms can be met.
6 month average flow improvement
The water consumption period of the river is 3 months after 10 months to year, and the natural river keeps certain runoff, flow rate and water depth and can meet the general requirements of no damage to an ecological system, fish survival, beautiful landscape and the like. The natural river under natural conditions, the biological populations of fishes and the like in the river and aquatic plants are completely suitable for the periodic hydrological change process of the river, and the river ecosystem is in a self-adjustable and self-recovery state. Therefore, the ecological base flow specified in the Tennant method is set to be 10% of the annual average flow, and the requirements of the basic ecological environment and the biological group of the river can be met. Therefore, the minimum requirements of rivers and organisms can be met by setting 10% of the corrected flow used in the general water using period as the ecological base flow of the rivers.
The fish spawning period is from 4 months to 9 months, and the fish spawning period meets the requirements that aquatic organisms such as fish can normally spawn and breed and the like while the river is not damaged according to the definition of ecological base flow. For different rivers, firstly, the propagation habit and habitat condition of fishes need to be clearly and importantly protected, the fishes begin to lay eggs in the middle ten days of 4 months, and the water demand is increased; most fishes spawn in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months, and the spawning behavior of the fishes can be stopped when the water level of the river is reduced or the flow rate of the river cannot meet the requirement and the water demand is continuously increased; the water temperature is high in 6-9 months, the fishes are vigorous in eating the bait, and in the growing period, a large amount of organic matters such as leaves, grass, branches and leaves are brought into the river channel by flood. If the river does not specifically protect the fish, the habit of the four Chinese carps can be referred to. Beginning in 4 months, the fishes gradually begin to prepare for spawning, according to related researches, the river flow rate is 0.20-0.25 m/s, which is the minimum flow rate required by the fishes to spawn, and the safe floating lower limit of the fish eggs is 0.25 m/s. The 8 month is the fish production peak period, and the river flow rate is increased by at least 0.1m/s from the water rising period of 4 months to the maximum flow rate period of 8 months. Therefore, aiming at the specific protection of fish breeding habit, a flow rate condition is added on the basis of the original Tennant method by coupling the fish growth and breeding rule and the hydrological situation change, so as to meet the requirements of fish survival and reproduction, and the specific data are shown in Table 1. And finding out the river flow corresponding to the flow speed according to the average flow speed, comparing the flow with the average flow speed of 10 percent in the original Tennant method, taking the larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the month, determining the final base flow percentage according to the larger value, and finally selecting the staged percentage shown in the table 2.
Table 1 fish birth phase flow rate selected units: m/s
Table 2 selection units of the ecological base flow staging percentages: m is3/s
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, an ecological-based flow calculation method considering different states of a river, which is implemented in a server or a processor, according to the present invention, includes:
step 1: acquiring river runoff data from a river monitoring server of a river monitoring station;
step 2: calculating a catastrophe point of the runoff data of each river, and further determining the type of the river; the types of rivers include: rivers with water supplement and rivers without human disturbance;
further, a Mann-Kendall method is adopted to obtain a mutation point of the runoff data of each river.
The Mann-Kendall method is abbreviated as an M-K method and is a non-distribution test method suitable for non-normal distribution. The method has the advantages that the interference of extreme values in data can be eliminated, the sample is not required to have a certain statistical distribution rule, the calculation is simple and convenient, and the method is widely applied to research on sequence variation diagnosis in aspects of rainfall, runoff and the like in hydrology.
Further, if there is no abrupt point, the river is a river which is not disturbed by human;
if the catastrophe points exist, the river belongs to a river disturbed by human beings, and the runoff sequence is further analyzed, if the runoff is reduced year by year, the river is a non-water-replenishing river; if the runoff increases year by year, the river is subjected to artificial water replenishing and is a water replenishing river.
Firstly, analyzing a river runoff sequence, and if a catastrophe point does not exist, considering the river as a river which is not disturbed by human beings; if the catastrophe points exist, the river is disturbed by human beings, the runoff sequence is further analyzed, if the runoff is reduced year by year, the river is not supplemented with water, and if the runoff is increased year by year, the river is supplemented with water artificially and belongs to river water.
And step 3: respectively calculating the ecological base flow of the river according to the type of the river:
if the river is a water-replenishing river disturbed by human beings, firstly, inquiring runoff data behind a first mutation point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow reduction calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is an unhydrated river disturbed by human beings, firstly inquiring runoff data before a first catastrophe point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow recovery calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is not disturbed by human, firstly correcting the flow by using a base flow segmentation method, and applying the principle that the flow equalizing quantity is unchanged to ensure that the corrected annual average flow is equal to the original annual average flow so as to obtain the monthly average river flow; and finally, comparing the monthly river flow with 10% of the corrected annual average flow, and taking a larger value as the current-month river ecological base flow.
Further, before the new flow sequence is formed by flow reduction calculation, rainfall information of the river is also acquired; the specific process of forming a new flow sequence by flow reduction calculation is as follows:
linearly fitting rainfall runoff relation before a mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall after the mutation point into a rainfall runoff relational expression before the linear fitting mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff after the mutation point so as to finish reduction calculation.
For reduction calculation, the rainfall runoff relation under the underlying surface condition before mutation is obtained by fitting the rainfall runoff before the mutation point by adopting a rainfall runoff related curve method, and the runoff quantity simulated after the mutation point can be obtained by inputting the rainfall quantity after the mutation point, so that the reduction calculation is completed.
Further, before the flow is calculated and formed into a new flow sequence, rainfall information of the river is obtained; the specific process of flow calculation to form a new flow sequence is as follows:
linearly fitting the rainfall runoff relation after the mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall before the mutation point into a linear fitting rainfall runoff relational expression before the mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff before the mutation point, thereby finishing the calculation.
When the river ecological base flow is calculated, runoff data which is greatly influenced by human needs to be screened after the catastrophe point is screened, and the reliability of the result can be ensured. Meanwhile, in order to avoid interference of runoff data of the river in a natural period on a calculation result, the runoff data before the mutation point is subjected to flow reconstruction calculation, so that the reliability and consistency of runoff series data are improved, and the runoff series data are more in line with actual conditions.
Wherein, for the river with water supplement, the typical year is selected from the catastrophe point, and for the river without water supplement, the opposite is carried out;
the method for selecting the typical year comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring annual average flow of river monitoring stations one by one
(2) The annual flow monitored by each river monitoring station is compared with
Dividing to obtain the annual modulus kit；
(3) Calculating a modulus mean
Wherein i is the ith observation station, and t is the tth time period, wherein t is a positive integer;
(4) selecting
The year closest to 1 is the typical year, and if there are a plurality of years close to 1, the year with the smallest deviation coefficient is taken as the typical year.
The invention selects the annual flow process of the typical year to replace the annual average flow of the river, and the annual flow process of the typical year can reflect the annual withering change rule of the flow.
Further, the process of correcting the flow by applying the base flow segmentation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: q. q.stAnd q ist-1Filtered surface runoff (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3/s)；QtAnd Qt-1Total radial flow (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3S); a is a filter coefficient and is a constant; after the surface runoff is calculated by the above formula, the base runoff bt＝Qt-qt。
In order to avoid the influence of the flattened data on the result, the annual average flow needs to be corrected so as to be more in line with the actual situation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ecological-based flow calculation system according to the present invention, which considers different states of a river.
As shown in fig. 2, an ecological-based flow calculation system considering different states of a river according to the present invention includes: a data collector and a data processor.
(1) A data collector configured to: and acquiring river runoff data from a river monitoring server of a river monitoring station.
(2) A data processor configured to:
calculating a catastrophe point of the runoff data of each river, and further determining the type of the river; the types of rivers include: rivers with water supplement and rivers without human disturbance;
respectively calculating the ecological base flow of the river according to the type of the river:
if the river is a water-replenishing river disturbed by human beings, firstly, inquiring runoff data behind a first mutation point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow reduction calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is an unhydrated river disturbed by human beings, firstly inquiring runoff data before a first catastrophe point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow recovery calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is not disturbed by human, firstly correcting the flow by using a base flow segmentation method, and applying the principle that the flow equalizing quantity is unchanged to ensure that the corrected annual average flow is equal to the original annual average flow so as to obtain the monthly average river flow; and finally, comparing the monthly river flow with 10% of the corrected annual average flow, and taking a larger value as the current-month river ecological base flow.
Wherein the data processor is further configured to:
calculating a mutation point of the runoff data of each river by adopting a Mann-Kendall method;
if there is no abrupt point, the river is a river which is not disturbed by human;
if the catastrophe points exist, the river belongs to a river disturbed by human beings, and the runoff sequence is further analyzed, if the runoff is reduced year by year, the river is a non-water-replenishing river; if the runoff increases year by year, the river is subjected to artificial water replenishing and is a water replenishing river.
The Mann-Kendall method is abbreviated as an M-K method and is a non-distribution test method suitable for non-normal distribution. The method has the advantages that the interference of extreme values in data can be eliminated, the sample is not required to have a certain statistical distribution rule, the calculation is simple and convenient, and the method is widely applied to research on sequence variation diagnosis in aspects of rainfall, runoff and the like in hydrology.
Firstly, analyzing a river runoff sequence, and if a catastrophe point does not exist, considering the river as a river which is not disturbed by human beings; if the catastrophe points exist, the river is disturbed by human beings, the runoff sequence is further analyzed, if the runoff is reduced year by year, the river is not supplemented with water, and if the runoff is increased year by year, the river is supplemented with water artificially and belongs to river water.
Further, the data processor is further configured to:
before the flow reduction calculation forms a new flow sequence, rainfall information of the river is also obtained; the specific process of forming a new flow sequence by flow reduction calculation is as follows:
linearly fitting rainfall runoff relation before a mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall after the mutation point into a rainfall runoff relational expression before the linear fitting mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff after the mutation point so as to finish reduction calculation.
For reduction calculation, the rainfall runoff relation under the underlying surface condition before mutation is obtained by fitting the rainfall runoff before the mutation point by adopting a rainfall runoff related curve method, and the runoff quantity simulated after the mutation point can be obtained by inputting the rainfall quantity after the mutation point, so that the reduction calculation is completed.
Further, the data processor is further configured to:
before the flow is calculated and formed into a new flow sequence, rainfall information of the river is also obtained; the specific process of flow calculation to form a new flow sequence is as follows:
linearly fitting the rainfall runoff relation after the mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall before the mutation point into a linear fitting rainfall runoff relational expression before the mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff before the mutation point, thereby finishing the calculation.
When the river ecological base flow is calculated, runoff data which is greatly influenced by human needs to be screened after the catastrophe point is screened, and the reliability of the result can be ensured. Meanwhile, in order to avoid interference of runoff data of the river in a natural period on a calculation result, the runoff data before the mutation point is subjected to flow reconstruction calculation, so that the reliability and consistency of runoff series data are improved, and the runoff series data are more in line with actual conditions.
Further, the data processor is further configured to:
for the river with water supplement, selecting a typical year from the catastrophe point, and for the river without water supplement, the opposite is carried out;
the method for selecting the typical year comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring annual average flow of river monitoring stations one by one
(2) The annual flow monitored by each river monitoring station is compared with
Dividing to obtain the annual modulus kit；
(3) Calculating a modulus mean
Wherein i is the ith observation station, and t is the tth time period, wherein t is a positive integer;
(4) selecting
The year closest to 1 is the typical year, and if there are a plurality of years close to 1, the year with the smallest deviation coefficient is taken as the typical year.
The invention selects the annual flow process of the typical year to replace the annual average flow of the river, and the annual flow process of the typical year can reflect the annual withering change rule of the flow.
Further, the data processor is further configured to:
the process of correcting the flow by applying the base flow segmentation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: q. q.stAnd q ist-1Filtered surface runoff (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3/s)；QtAnd Qt-1Total radial flow (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3S); a is a filter coefficient and is a constant; after the surface runoff is calculated by the above formula, the base runoff bt＝Qt-qt。
In order to avoid the influence of the flattened data on the result, the annual average flow needs to be corrected so as to be more in line with the actual situation.
The ecological base flow calculation system considering different states of the river obtains river runoff data from a river monitoring server of a river monitoring station through a data collector; calculating a catastrophe point of the runoff data of each river by using a data processor, and further determining the type of the river; the types of rivers include: rivers with water supplement and rivers without human disturbance; the ecological base flow of the river is respectively calculated according to the type of the river, the change trends of different river function positioning and runoff are realized, and the ecological base flow of the river is accurately calculated according to different types of rivers.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An ecological base flow calculation method considering different states of a river is characterized in that the calculation method is completed in a server or a processor, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
acquiring river runoff data from a river monitoring server of a river monitoring station;
calculating a catastrophe point of the runoff data of each river, and further determining the type of the river; the types of rivers include: rivers with water supplement and rivers without human disturbance;
respectively calculating the ecological base flow of the river according to the type of the river:
if the river is a water-replenishing river disturbed by human beings, firstly, inquiring runoff data behind a first mutation point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow reduction calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is an unhydrated river disturbed by human beings, firstly inquiring runoff data before a first catastrophe point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow recovery calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is not disturbed by human, firstly correcting the flow by using a base flow segmentation method, and applying the principle that the flow equalizing quantity is unchanged to ensure that the corrected annual average flow is equal to the original annual average flow so as to obtain the monthly average river flow; finally, comparing the monthly river flow with 10% of the corrected annual average flow, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the current month river;
the process of correcting the flow by applying the base flow segmentation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: q. q.stAnd q ist-1Filtered surface runoff (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3/s)；QtAnd Qt-1Total radial flow (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3S); a is a filter coefficient and is a constant; t is the t-th time period, and t is a positive integer; after the surface runoff is calculated by the above formula, the base runoff bt＝Qt-qt；
If there is no abrupt point, the river is a river which is not disturbed by human;
if the catastrophe points exist, the river belongs to a river disturbed by human beings, and the runoff sequence is further analyzed, if the runoff is reduced year by year, the river is a non-water-replenishing river; if the runoff increases year by year, the river is subjected to artificial water replenishing and is a water replenishing river.
2. The ecological-based flow calculation method considering different states of rivers according to claim 1, wherein a Mann-Kendall method is adopted to find the mutation point of the flow data of each river.
3. The ecological-based flow calculation method considering the different states of the river according to claim 1, characterized in that before the flow reduction calculation is formed into a new flow sequence, rainfall information of the river is also obtained; the specific process of forming a new flow sequence by flow reduction calculation is as follows:
linearly fitting rainfall runoff relation before a mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall after the mutation point into a rainfall runoff relational expression before the linear fitting mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff after the mutation point so as to finish reduction calculation.
4. The ecological-based flow calculation method considering the different states of the river as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the flow is calculated and formed into a new flow sequence, rainfall information of the river is also acquired; the specific process of flow calculation to form a new flow sequence is as follows:
linearly fitting the rainfall runoff relation after the mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall before the mutation point into a linear fitting rainfall runoff relational expression before the mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff before the mutation point, thereby finishing the calculation.
5. The ecological-based flow calculation method considering different states of the river according to claim 1, wherein for a river with water, a typical year is selected after a catastrophe point, and for a river without water, the opposite is performed;
the method for selecting the typical year comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring annual average flow of river monitoring stations one by one
(2) The annual flow monitored by each river monitoring station is compared with
Dividing to obtain the annual modulus kit；
(3) Calculating a modulus mean
Wherein i is the ith observation station, and t is the tth time period, wherein t is a positive integer;
(4) selecting
The year closest to 1 is the typical year, and if there are a plurality of years close to 1, the year with the smallest deviation coefficient is taken as the typical year.
6. An eco-based flow computing system considering different states of a river, comprising:
a data collector configured to: acquiring river runoff data from a river monitoring server of a river monitoring station;
a data processor configured to:
calculating a catastrophe point of the runoff data of each river, and further determining the type of the river; the types of rivers include: rivers with water supplement and rivers without human disturbance;
respectively calculating the ecological base flow of the river according to the type of the river:
if the river is a water-replenishing river disturbed by human beings, firstly, inquiring runoff data behind a first mutation point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow reduction calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is an unhydrated river disturbed by human beings, firstly inquiring runoff data before a first catastrophe point, and forming a new flow sequence through flow recovery calculation; then selecting a typical year according to the new flow sequence and the actual flow sequence; finally, comparing the average river flow of the moon in the typical year with 10% of the average river flow of the year in the typical year, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the river in the current month;
if the river is not disturbed by human, firstly correcting the flow by using a base flow segmentation method, and applying the principle that the flow equalizing quantity is unchanged to ensure that the corrected annual average flow is equal to the original annual average flow so as to obtain the monthly average river flow; finally, comparing the monthly river flow with 10% of the corrected annual average flow, and taking a larger value as the ecological base flow of the current month river;
the data processor is further configured to:
the process of correcting the flow by applying the base flow segmentation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: q. q.stAnd q ist-1Filtered surface runoff (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3/s)；QtAnd Qt-1Total radial flow (m) for time periods t and t-1, respectively3/s), t is the t time period, and t is a positive integer; a is a filter coefficient and is a constant; after the surface runoff is calculated by the above formula, the base runoff bt＝Qt-qt；
The data processor is further configured to:
calculating a mutation point of the runoff data of each river by adopting a Mann-Kendall method;
if there is no abrupt point, the river is a river which is not disturbed by human;
if the catastrophe points exist, the river belongs to a river disturbed by human beings, and the runoff sequence is further analyzed, if the runoff is reduced year by year, the river is a non-water-replenishing river; if the runoff increases year by year, the river is subjected to artificial water replenishing and is a water replenishing river.
7. An eco-based flow computing system considering different states of a river according to claim 6,
the data processor is further configured to:
before the flow reduction calculation forms a new flow sequence, rainfall information of the river is also obtained; the specific process of forming a new flow sequence by flow reduction calculation is as follows:
linearly fitting rainfall runoff relation before a mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall after the mutation point into a rainfall runoff relational expression before the linear fitting mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff after the mutation point so as to finish reduction calculation.
8. An eco-based flow computing system considering different states of a river according to claim 6,
the data processor is further configured to:
before the flow is calculated and formed into a new flow sequence, rainfall information of the river is also obtained; the specific process of flow calculation to form a new flow sequence is as follows:
linearly fitting the rainfall runoff relation after the mutation point;
and substituting the rainfall before the mutation point into a linear fitting rainfall runoff relational expression before the mutation point to obtain the simulated runoff before the mutation point, thereby finishing the calculation.
9. An eco-based flow computing system according to claim 6, wherein said data processor is further configured to:
for the river with water supplement, selecting a typical year from the catastrophe point, and for the river without water supplement, the opposite is carried out;
selecting a typical year:
(1) acquiring annual average flow of river monitoring stations one by one
(2) The annual flow monitored by each river monitoring station is compared with
Dividing to obtain the annual modulus kit；
(3) Calculating a modulus mean
Wherein i is the ith observation station, and t is the tth time period, wherein t is a positive integer;
(4) selecting
The year closest to 1 is the typical year, and if there are a plurality of years close to 1, the year with the smallest deviation coefficient is taken as the typical year.
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| CN110598936B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2022-07-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | River ecological water demand calculation system and information transmission method |
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| CN115310322B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-05-07 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Ecological base stream calculation method, system, device and storage medium |
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