CN117535539A - Smelting method for improving production efficiency and yield of titanium alloy ingot - Google Patents
Smelting method for improving production efficiency and yield of titanium alloy ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN117535539A CN117535539A CN202311336157.7A CN202311336157A CN117535539A CN 117535539 A CN117535539 A CN 117535539A CN 202311336157 A CN202311336157 A CN 202311336157A CN 117535539 A CN117535539 A CN 117535539A
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum vanadium Chemical compound [Al].[V] HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNQHSZOIUSRWHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum molybdenum Chemical compound [Al].[Mo] UNQHSZOIUSRWHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting method for improving the production efficiency and yield of titanium alloy ingots, which comprises the following steps: 1) Preparing an electrode; 2) Smelting for the first time; 3) Primary ingot processing; 4) Secondary smelting or tertiary smelting; 5) Processing, sampling and analyzing; wherein, the relevant parameters of each step, especially the parameters of arc starting at the end of one-time smelting pass adjustment, specifically require that the smelting current is reduced by 1KA, the voltage is reduced by 1V, the arc stabilizing current is reduced by 1A, and the arc stabilizing current is reduced four times until the smelting is finished, and the arc stabilizing adopts an alternating current mode during arc starting, and the stirring period is 15 s-30 s. When the invention is used for preparing a primary ingot with the common large specification phi 500 mm-phi 640mm in industry, the flash thickness of the head is greatly reduced compared with the prior art, so that the processing amount is small, the production efficiency and the yield of the titanium alloy ingot can be obviously improved, and meanwhile, the components of the finally prepared titanium alloy ingot meet the GB/T3620.1 standard requirements, and the components are uniform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a smelting method for improving production efficiency and yield of titanium alloy ingots.
Background
Titanium alloy is widely used in the fields of aerospace, petroleum, chemical industry and the like because of its excellent properties such as high specific strength, corrosion resistance, shape memory, biocompatibility and the like. Currently, the smelting methods of titanium alloy mainly comprise a vacuum consumable arc furnace (VAR) smelting method, a non-consumable vacuum arc furnace (NC) smelting method, a Cold Hearth (CHM) smelting method, a Cold Crucible (CCM) smelting method and an Electroslag Smelting (ESR) method. Because of low power consumption, high melting speed and good quality reproducibility of the VAR method, the smelted ingot has good crystal structure and uniform chemical composition, and has become the mainstream technology for preparing titanium alloy ingots, and the smelting times are generally two or three times.
The self-consuming electrode is composed of electrode blocks pressed by titanium sponge and intermediate alloy mixture, namely, the electrode blocks are physically combined to form a block material, so that impurities in the electrode blocks are continuously heated and volatilized in the primary smelting process, floating matters and impurities in a molten pool are outwards diffused along the center of a water-cooled copper crystallizer under the action of a stable arc stirring magnetic field force, and are cooled, solidified and adhered to the surface of an ingot after meeting the inner wall of the crystallizer, and along with the smelting, a shell formed by the impurities and the volatile matters rises until the shell formed at the end of smelting is higher and thicker. In this case, generally, at the end of smelting, a mode of reducing the smelting current, the voltage and the arc stabilizing current is adopted, so that the molten pool becomes shallow, the stirring becomes weak, and safety accidents caused by serious arc climbing and splashing are prevented. The method can reduce the height of the flash to a certain extent, but the flash thickness is overlarge due to the fact that the smelting current is reduced, the side of the molten pool is not reached due to the fact that the arc stabilizing current is reduced, the flash thickness is extremely serious due to the fact that the molten pool is not reached, the flash thickness of the head of a primary ingot (a primary smelting ingot) is large due to the fact that the ingot is enlarged, the flash thickness of the head reaches more than 40mm when the primary ingot with the common large specification (phi 500 mm-phi 640 mm) is prepared, all the flash needs to be removed when the subsequent primary ingot is processed, machining amount is large, production efficiency is low, and utilization rate of materials is seriously affected.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a smelting method for improving the production efficiency and the yield of titanium alloy ingots, which mainly solves the problems of large processing amount and low production efficiency yield caused by excessive thickness of primary ingot head flash with larger specification (phi 500 mm-phi 640 mm) commonly used in the industry in the conventional VAR method.
The invention aims at solving the problems by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a smelting method for improving the production efficiency and the yield of titanium alloy ingots, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an electrode
Determining component raw materials according to chemical components for preparing a target titanium alloy ingot, weighing the component raw materials according to mass percent, uniformly mixing the component raw materials, pressing the mixture into electrode blocks, and assembling and welding a plurality of electrode blocks into an electrode;
step two, primary smelting
Taking the electrode prepared in the first step as a consumable electrode, and smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace for one time under set parameters to finally obtain a primary ingot;
step three, one ingot processing
Removing the flash of the head of the primary ingot prepared in the second step through a machine;
step four, secondary smelting or tertiary smelting
Carrying out secondary smelting on the primary ingot obtained after the processing in the step three as a consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain a secondary ingot, and turning the primary ingot upside down, namely with the head facing downwards, during charging; if the third smelting is carried out, the head of the secondary ingot is reversely charged into a furnace for smelting;
step five, processing, sampling and analyzing
And (3) processing the titanium alloy cast ingot obtained through final smelting in the step four to a target size, sampling and analyzing the cast ingot, and if the analysis result meets the GB/T3620.1 standard requirement and the components are uniform, obtaining a titanium alloy finished product cast ingot which is qualified, otherwise, failing.
Further, the parameters set during the primary smelting in the second step are as follows: the smelting current is 16.0 KA-22.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 33.0V-36.0V, the arc stabilizing current is DC 18.0A-20.0A, and 50 kg-100 kg of electrodes are reserved for arc collection at the end of smelting.
Further, when the arc is received in one smelting in the second step, the smelting current is required to be reduced by 1KA, the voltage is required to be reduced by 1V, and the arc stabilizing current is required to be reduced by 1A for four times in total until the smelting is finished.
Further, when the arc is received in the first smelting in the second step, the whole arc receiving process takes 4-6 min.
Further, when the arc is received in the first smelting in the second step, the arc stabilizing current is changed from direct current to alternating current, and the stirring period is 15-30 s.
Further, the thickness of the primary ingot flash obtained after primary smelting in the second step is within 20 mm.
Further, the parameters set during the secondary smelting in the fourth step are as follows: the smelting current is 18.0 KA-28.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 29.0V-40.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 10.0A-25.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
Further, the parameters set in the third smelting in the fourth step are as follows: the smelting current is 20.0 KA-28.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 30.0V-40.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 15.0A-25.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
Further, the smelting method is used for preparing a titanium alloy primary ingot with the specification of phi 500 mm-phi 640 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the VAR smelting method provided by the invention, the depth of a molten pool can be reduced, stirring is weakened, and the height of flash is reduced by adjusting smelting current, voltage and arc stabilizing current in the final arc receiving process in primary smelting; meanwhile, the arc light becomes shorter and the arc climbing phenomenon becomes weaker after the voltage is reduced, so that safe and stable smelting can be ensured; in addition, an alternating current mode is adopted for stabilizing the arc during arc collection, so that the condition that the molten pool is fully stirred to avoid the edge of the molten pool is avoided, the problem of arc deviation caused by direct current stirring is avoided, and the problem of excessive thickness of the flash of the head of the primary ingot with the common industrial specification of phi 500 mm-phi 640mm is greatly reduced. Compared with the existing smelting method, the primary ingot flash thickness obtained by the smelting method can be controlled within 20mm, so that the processing amount of a single ingot is reduced from about 10kg to below 4kg, the processing efficiency of the primary ingot is improved by more than 50%, the period required for preparing the titanium alloy ingot is shortened, and the yield of the titanium alloy ingot is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate principles of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the smelting process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a physical diagram of primary ingot head flash obtained after primary smelting in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a physical diagram of the primary flash of the ingot obtained after primary melting according to the conventional VAR method as a comparative example of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the invention. Rather, they are merely examples of devices that are consistent with aspects of the invention that are set forth in the following claims.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples for better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a smelting method for improving production efficiency and yield of titanium alloy ingots, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an electrode
Determining the composition raw materials according to the chemical components for preparing the target titanium alloy cast ingot, weighing the composition raw materials according to the mass percentage, uniformly mixing the composition raw materials, pressing the mixture into electrode blocks, and then assembling and welding a plurality of electrode blocks into the electrode.
Step two, primary smelting
And (3) taking the electrode prepared in the step one as a consumable electrode, and smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace for one time under set parameters to finally obtain a primary ingot.
Specifically, parameters set during primary smelting are as follows: the smelting current is 16.0 KA-22.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 33.0V-36.0V, the arc stabilizing current is DC 18.0A-20.0A, and 50 kg-100 kg of electrodes are reserved for arc collection at the end of smelting; when arc is closed, the smelting current is required to be reduced by 1KA per minute, the voltage is required to be reduced by 1V, the arc stabilizing current is required to be reduced by 1A, and the total arc stabilizing current is reduced four times until the smelting is finished, and the whole arc closing process takes 4-6 min; and when the arc is received, the arc stabilizing current is changed from direct current to alternating current, and the stirring period is 15-30 s.
Step three, one ingot processing
Removing the flash of the head of the primary ingot prepared in the second step through a machine;
step four, secondary smelting or tertiary smelting
Carrying out secondary smelting on the primary ingot obtained after the processing in the step three as a consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain a secondary ingot, and turning the primary ingot upside down, namely with the head facing downwards, during charging; and if the third smelting is carried out, the head part of the secondary ingot is reversely charged into a furnace for smelting.
Specifically, parameters set during secondary smelting are as follows: the smelting current is 18.0 KA-28.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 29.0V-40.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 10.0A-25.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
The parameters set during the three times of smelting are as follows: the smelting current is 20.0 KA-28.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 30.0V-40.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 15.0A-25.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
Step five, processing, sampling and analyzing
And (3) processing the titanium alloy cast ingot obtained through final smelting in the step four to a target size, sampling and analyzing the cast ingot, and if the analysis result meets the GB/T3620.1 standard requirement and the components are uniform, obtaining a titanium alloy finished product cast ingot which is qualified, otherwise, failing.
To further verify the efficacy of the preparation method of the present invention, the inventors conducted the following specific experiments:
example 1 (preparation of TC4 titanium alloy ingot with a specification of Φ630 mm)
In the embodiment, a three-time smelting method is adopted to prepare TC4 titanium alloy (nominal component Ti-6 Al-4V), and the specific preparation process is as follows:
1) The method comprises the steps of weighing sponge titanium, aluminum vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum beans and titanium dioxide according to mass percent, uniformly mixing, pressing an electrode block, and assembling and welding the pressed electrode block into an electrode.
2) Smelting the electrode prepared in the step 1) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace as a consumable electrode to finally obtain a primary ingot with the diameter of 500mm, as shown in figure 2. The parameters are set as follows during specific primary smelting: the smelting current is 16.0KA, the smelting voltage is 33.0V, and the arc stabilizing current is DC 18.0A; the arc-striking reserved weight is 50kg, and the smelting current is reduced by 1KA per minute during the arc striking, namely: 16.0 to 15.0 to 14.0 to 13.0, the smelting voltage is reduced by 1V per minute, namely: 33.0-32.0-31.0-30.0, the stable arc current is reduced by 1A per minute, namely, AC 18.0-AC 17.0-AC 16.0-AC 15.0, the stirring period is 15s, and the total arc-collecting time is 4min.
3) After measurement, the flash thickness of the primary ingot is 15mm, the primary ingot is processed, the flash of the head is removed, and the single processing amount is about 2 kg.
4) And 3) carrying out secondary smelting on the primary ingot obtained after the processing in the step 3) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace as a consumable electrode to obtain a secondary ingot with the diameter of 560mm, wherein the primary ingot is required to be inverted, namely the head is downward when the secondary ingot is charged. The parameters during secondary smelting are set as follows: the smelting current is 18.0 KA-24.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 29.0V-36.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 10.0A-20.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
5) And (3) smelting the secondary ingot prepared in the step (4) as a consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace for three times to obtain a tertiary ingot with the diameter of 630mm, and inverting the head of the secondary ingot when charging. The parameters during the specific three times of smelting are set as follows: the smelting current is 20.0 KA-25.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 30.0V-40.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 15.0A-25.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
6) Sampling and analyzing the head, middle and tail of the phi 630mm three-time ingot obtained in the step 5), wherein the chemical composition test results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 chemical composition of ingots
As can be seen by comparing the data in Table 1 with GB/T3620.1, the composition of the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 630mm prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention meets the requirements of GB/T3620.1 standard, and the uniformity of the composition is good.
Example 2 (preparation of TC4 titanium alloy ingot with a specification of Φ720 mm)
In the embodiment, a three-time smelting method is adopted to prepare TC4 titanium alloy (nominal component Ti-6 Al-4V), and the specific preparation process is as follows:
1) The method comprises the steps of weighing sponge titanium, aluminum vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum beans and titanium dioxide according to mass percent, uniformly mixing, pressing an electrode block, and assembling and welding the pressed electrode block into an electrode.
2) Smelting the electrode prepared in the step 1) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace as a consumable electrode to finally obtain a primary ingot with the diameter of phi 540 mm. The parameters are set as follows during specific primary smelting: the smelting current is 18.0KA, the smelting voltage is 34.0V, and the arc stabilizing current is DC 18.0A; the arc-striking reserved weight is 60kg, and the smelting current is reduced by 1KA per minute during the arc striking, namely: 18.0 to 17.0 to 16.0 to 15.0, the smelting voltage is reduced by 1V per minute, namely: 34.0-33.0-32.0-31.0, the stable arc current is reduced by 1A per minute, namely, AC 18.0-AC 17.0-AC 16.0-AC 15.0, the stirring period is 20s, and the total arc-collecting time is 4min.
3) After measurement, the flash thickness of the primary ingot is 16mm, the primary ingot is processed, the head flash is removed, and the single processing amount is about 2 kg.
4) And 3) carrying out secondary smelting on the primary ingot obtained after the processing in the step 3) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace as a consumable electrode to obtain a secondary ingot with the diameter of 630mm, wherein the primary ingot is required to be inverted, namely the head is downward when the secondary ingot is charged. The parameters during secondary smelting are set as follows: the smelting current is 20.0 KA-25.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 30.0V-38.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 10.0A-20.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
5) And (3) smelting the secondary ingot prepared in the step (4) as a consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace for three times to obtain a tertiary ingot with the diameter of 720mm, and inverting the head of the secondary ingot when charging. The parameters during the specific three times of smelting are set as follows: the smelting current is 22.0 KA-28.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 30.0V-40.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 15.0A-25.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
6) Sampling and analyzing the head, middle and tail of the phi 720mm three-time ingot obtained in the step 5), wherein the chemical composition test results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 chemical composition of ingots
As can be seen by comparing the data in Table 2 with GB/T3620.1, the composition of the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 720mm prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention meets the requirements of GB/T3620.1 standard, and the uniformity of the composition is good.
Example 3 (preparation of TC4 titanium alloy ingot with a gauge of Φ640 mm)
In the embodiment, a two-time smelting method is adopted to prepare TC4 titanium alloy (nominal component Ti-6 Al-4V), and the specific preparation process is as follows:
1) The method comprises the steps of weighing sponge titanium, aluminum vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum beans and titanium dioxide according to mass percent, uniformly mixing, pressing an electrode block, and assembling and welding the pressed electrode block into an electrode.
2) Smelting the electrode prepared in the step 1) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace as a consumable electrode to finally obtain a primary ingot with the diameter of 570 mm. The parameters are set as follows during specific primary smelting: the smelting current is 20.0KA, the smelting voltage is 35.0V, and the arc stabilizing current is DC 19.0A; the arc-striking reserved weight is 80kg, the smelting current is reduced by 1KA per minute during arc striking, namely, 20.0-19.0-18.0-17.0, and the smelting voltage is reduced by 1V per minute, namely: 35.0-34.0-33.0-32.0, the stable arc current is reduced by 1A per minute, namely, AC 19.0-AC 18.0-AC 17.0-AC 16.0, the stirring period is 30s, and the total arc-collecting time is 5min.
3) After measurement, the flash thickness of the primary ingot is 14mm, the primary ingot is processed, the flash of the head is removed, and the single processing amount is about 2.5 kg.
4) And 3) carrying out secondary smelting on the primary ingot obtained after the processing in the step 3) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace as a consumable electrode to obtain a secondary ingot with the diameter of phi 640mm, wherein the primary ingot is required to be inverted, namely the head is downward when the secondary ingot is charged. The parameters during secondary smelting are set as follows: the smelting current is 20.0 KA-25.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 30.0V-38.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 10.0A-20.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
5) Sampling and analyzing the phi 640mm twice ingot obtained in the step 4) by head, middle and tail, wherein the chemical composition test results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 chemical composition of ingots
As can be seen by comparing the data in Table 3 with GB/T3620.1, the composition of the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 640mm prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention meets the requirements of GB/T3620.1 standard, and the uniformity of the composition is good.
Example 4 (preparation of TA15 titanium alloy ingot with a gauge of Φ720 mm)
In the embodiment, a three-time smelting method is adopted to prepare the TA15 titanium alloy (nominal component Ti-6.5Al-1Mo-1V-2 Zr), and the specific preparation process is as follows:
1) And weighing the titanium sponge, the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, the aluminum-molybdenum intermediate alloy, the aluminum bean, the zirconium sponge and the titanium dioxide according to mass percent, uniformly mixing, pressing the electrode blocks, and assembling and welding the pressed electrode blocks into the electrode.
2) Smelting the electrode prepared in the step 1) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace as a consumable electrode to finally obtain a primary ingot with the diameter of 570 mm. The parameters are set as follows during specific primary smelting: the smelting current is 21.0KA, the smelting voltage is 35.0V, and the arc stabilizing current is DC 19.0A; the arc-striking reserved weight is 80kg, the smelting current is reduced by 1KA per minute, 21.0- & fwdarw.20.0- & fwdarw.19.0- & fwdarw.18.0 during arc striking, and the smelting voltage is reduced by 1V per minute, namely: 35.0-34.0-33.0-32.0, the stable arc current is reduced by 1A per minute, namely, AC 19.0-AC 18.0-AC 17.0-AC 16.0, the stirring period is 30s, and the total arc-collecting time is 5min.
3) After measurement, the flash thickness of the primary ingot is 10mm, the primary ingot is processed, the flash of the head is removed, and the single processing amount is about 1.5 kg.
4) And 3) carrying out secondary smelting on the primary ingot obtained after the processing in the step 3) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace as a consumable electrode to obtain a secondary ingot with the diameter of 630mm, wherein the primary ingot is required to be inverted, namely the head is downward when the secondary ingot is charged. The parameters during secondary smelting are set as follows: the smelting current is 20.0 KA-25.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 30.0V-38.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 10.0A-20.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
5) And (3) smelting the secondary ingot prepared in the step (4) as a consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace for three times to obtain a tertiary ingot with the diameter of 720mm, and inverting the head of the secondary ingot when charging. The parameters during the specific three times of smelting are set as follows: the smelting current is 22.0 KA-28.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 30.0V-40.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 15.0A-25.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
6) Sampling and analyzing the head, middle and tail of the phi 720mm three-time ingot obtained in the step 5), wherein the chemical composition test results are shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4 chemical composition of ingots
As can be seen by comparing the data in Table 4 with GB/T3620.1, the TA15 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 720mm prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention has the components meeting the requirements of GB/T3620.1 standard and good component uniformity.
Example 5 (preparation of TC4 titanium alloy ingot with a specification of Φ720 mm)
In the embodiment, a two-time smelting method is adopted to prepare TC4 titanium alloy (nominal component Ti-6 Al-4V), and the specific preparation process is as follows:
1) The method comprises the steps of weighing sponge titanium, aluminum vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum beans and titanium dioxide according to mass percent, uniformly mixing, pressing an electrode block, and assembling and welding the pressed electrode block into an electrode.
2) Smelting the electrode prepared in the step 1) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace as a consumable electrode to finally obtain a primary ingot with the diameter of phi 640 mm. The parameters are set as follows during specific primary smelting: the smelting current is 22.0KA, the smelting voltage is 36.0V, and the arc stabilizing current is DC 20.0A; the reserved arc-receiving weight is 100kg, and the smelting current is reduced by 1KA per minute during arc-receiving, namely: 22.0-21.0-20.0-19.0, the smelting voltage is reduced by 1V per minute, namely: 36.0-35.0-34.0-33.0, the stable arc current is reduced by 1A per minute, namely, AC 20.0-AC 19.0-AC 18.0-AC 17.0, the stirring period is 30s, and the total arc-collecting time is 6min.
3) After measurement, the flash thickness of the primary ingot is 20mm, the primary ingot is processed, the flash of the head is removed, and the single processing amount is about 3 kg.
4) And 3) carrying out secondary smelting on the primary ingot processed in the step 3) serving as a consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain a secondary ingot with the diameter of 720mm, wherein the primary ingot is required to be inverted, namely the head is downward when the secondary ingot is charged. The parameters during secondary smelting are set as follows: the smelting current is 22.0 KA-28.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 30.0V-40.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 15.0A-25.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
5) Sampling and analyzing the phi 720mm twice ingot obtained in the step 4) by head, middle and tail, wherein the chemical composition test results are shown in the following table 5:
TABLE 5 chemical composition of ingots
As can be seen by comparing the data in Table 5 with GB/T3620.1, the composition of the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 720mm prepared in the embodiment 5 of the invention meets the requirements of GB/T3620.1 standard, and the uniformity of the composition is good.
In summary, according to the VAR smelting method adopted by the invention, specific parameters of each smelting are strictly controlled, particularly smelting current, voltage and arc stabilizing current during arc starting at the final stage of four adjustments in one smelting process can reduce the depth of a molten pool, the stirring is weakened, the flash height is reduced, meanwhile, the arc light becomes shorter and the arc climbing phenomenon is weakened after the voltage is reduced, and the safe and stable smelting can be ensured; in addition, an alternating current mode is adopted for stabilizing the arc during arc collection, so that the condition that the molten pool is fully stirred to prevent the molten pool from being on edge is improved, the problem of arc deviation caused by direct current stirring is avoided, the problem of excessive thickness of flash at the head of a primary ingot with the common industrial specification of phi 500-phi 640mm is finally reduced, the processing amount is reduced, the production efficiency and the yield of a target titanium alloy ingot are remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the components of the finally prepared titanium alloy ingot meet the GB/T3620.1 standard requirements and are uniform.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to what has been described above and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A smelting method for improving production efficiency and yield of titanium alloy ingots is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing an electrode
Determining component raw materials according to chemical components for preparing a target titanium alloy ingot, weighing the component raw materials according to mass percent, uniformly mixing the component raw materials, pressing the mixture into electrode blocks, and assembling and welding a plurality of electrode blocks into an electrode;
step two, primary smelting
Taking the electrode prepared in the first step as a consumable electrode, and smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace for one time under set parameters to finally obtain a primary ingot;
step three, one ingot processing
Removing the flash of the head of the primary ingot prepared in the second step through a machine;
step four, secondary smelting or tertiary smelting
Carrying out secondary smelting on the primary ingot obtained after the processing in the step three as a consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain a secondary ingot, and turning the primary ingot upside down, namely with the head facing downwards, during charging; if the third smelting is carried out, the head of the secondary ingot is reversely charged into a furnace for smelting;
step five, processing, sampling and analyzing
And (3) processing the titanium alloy cast ingot obtained through final smelting in the step four to a target size, sampling and analyzing the cast ingot, and if the analysis result meets the GB/T3620.1 standard requirement and the components are uniform, obtaining a titanium alloy finished product cast ingot which is qualified, otherwise, failing.
2. The smelting method for improving the production efficiency and the yield of the titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the parameters set during the primary smelting in the second step are as follows: the smelting current is 16.0 KA-22.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 33.0V-36.0V, the arc stabilizing current is DC 18.0A-20.0A, and 50 kg-100 kg of electrodes are reserved for arc collection at the end of smelting.
3. The smelting method for improving the production efficiency and the yield of the titanium alloy ingot according to claim 2, wherein when the arc is received in the smelting in the second step, the smelting current is required to be reduced by 1KA, the voltage is required to be reduced by 1V, the arc stabilizing current is required to be reduced by 1A, and the total is reduced four times until the smelting is finished.
4. The smelting method for improving the production efficiency and the yield of the titanium alloy ingot according to claim 2, wherein the whole arc-receiving process takes 4-6 min when the arc is received in one smelting in the second step.
5. The smelting method for improving the production efficiency and the yield of the titanium alloy ingot according to claim 2, wherein the arc stabilizing current is changed from direct current to alternating current during the arc receiving in the first smelting in the second step, and the stirring period is 15-30 s.
6. The smelting method for improving the production efficiency and the yield of the titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the flash of the primary ingot obtained after the primary smelting in the second step is within 20 mm.
7. The smelting method for improving the production efficiency and the yield of the titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the parameters set during the secondary smelting in the fourth step are as follows: the smelting current is 18.0 KA-28.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 29.0V-40.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 10.0A-25.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
8. The smelting method for improving the production efficiency and the yield of the titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the parameters set in the third smelting in the fourth step are as follows: the smelting current is 20.0 KA-28.0 KA, the smelting voltage is 30.0V-40.0V, the arc stabilizing current is AC 15.0A-25.0A, and the stirring period is 15 s-60 s.
9. The smelting method for improving the production efficiency and the yield of the titanium alloy ingot according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the smelting method is used for preparing a titanium alloy primary ingot with the specification of phi 500mm to phi 640 mm.
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