CN117530132A - Method for artificially cultivating green sweet leeks in two seasons in dry land in northwest region - Google Patents
Method for artificially cultivating green sweet leeks in two seasons in dry land in northwest region Download PDFInfo
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- WCXDHFDTOYPNIE-RIYZIHGNSA-N (E)-acetamiprid Chemical compound N#C/N=C(\C)N(C)CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 WCXDHFDTOYPNIE-RIYZIHGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005875 Acetamiprid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for artificially cultivating green sweet leeks in two seasons in dry land in northwest region, which comprises land preparation and film covering, seed selection, seeding, seedling stage topdressing, weed management, harvesting and plant winter management. The original biological characteristics of the wild sweet leek seeds can be maintained by harvesting and directly cultivating the wild sweet leek seeds; ensuring seed implantation by hole-by-hole dibbling; the germination rate of seeds is effectively improved and the germination time is shortened by covering the mulching film; through weed management in seedling stage, additional fertilizer in tillering stage and bud stage, the pest control can obtain well developed green Gan Jiu plants; through winter management, the green Gan Jiu is ensured to successfully pass winter, and nutrients are fully reserved for the growth of the next year. The method for planting the green leeks in spring and autumn can shorten the growth period of the green leeks, improve the land utilization rate of the dry land, provide technical support for domestication cultivation of the green Gan Jiu, be beneficial to protecting and utilizing germplasm resources of the green leeks, reduce digging of wild green leeks and fully utilize edible, medicinal and ornamental values of the green leeks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for artificially cultivating green sweet chives in two seasons in a dry land in northwest China.
Background
Cyan Gan Jiu (school name:Allium przewalskianum) Is a perennial herb plant of the genus Allium of the family Liliaceae, which is rich in nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, etc., and thus has good eating value. Green Gan Jiu also has repercussive and stomach invigorating effects. In addition, the green Gan Jiushe is fine, clustered, upright or scattered, compact in plant type, dark green in leaf color, large in flower type, bright in flower color and good in ornamental value. Therefore, green Gan Jiu is favored by pickers due to its high nutritional value, medicinal value, and ornamental value. However, as a characteristic wild plant resource, wild green leeks are grown on drought hills, stone seams, bushes or grass slopes at an altitude of 2000-4800 meters, and are suitable for soil conditions of thin soil layers, large coarse bone components, fertility deficiency, gritty and gritty matrixes. The wild sweet leek is limited in yield under the influence of natural conditions, the consumption requirement of people cannot be met, and if people pick the wild sweet leek in large quantities, the habitat of the sweet leek is continuously damaged along with the continuous change of the climate conditions, so that the wild sweet leek population is reduced year by year.
The Gansu province is located in northwest China, belongs to temperate continental arid climate, and has the advantages of basically no obvious humus layer, loose soil, lack of moisture, multiple soil sections and multiple grits and calcium carbonate surface aggregation, so that the Gansu dry land is artificially cultivated, the Gansu leek germplasm resources can be effectively developed and utilized, the land utilization rate of the dry land is improved, and economic benefits are brought to local growers.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a method for artificially cultivating the green sweet leeks in two seasons in the dry land in northwest region, which provides technical reference for the development and utilization of the germplasm resources of the green sweet leeks and provides technical support for domestication cultivation of the green Gan Jiu.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for artificially cultivating green sweet leeks in two seasons in dry land in northwest region is characterized by comprising spring artificial cultivation and autumn artificial cultivation;
the spring artificial cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) Fine soil preparation is carried out in early spring, no less than 2 times of deep ploughing and soil turning are carried out, and foot soil moisture is irrigated; 750 kg/hm of even mixed application of cultivated land 2 Bio-organic fertilizer and 450 kg/hm 2 Diammonium phosphate, or mixed application 750 kg/hm 2 Bio-organic fertilizer, 200 kg/hm 2 Urea 450 kg/hm 2 Covering a mulching film after leveling the land, wherein the surface width is 90 and cm, the film spacing is 40 and cm, and a water permeable opening is reserved on the mulching film;
(2) Seed selection: harvesting wild seeds of the green and sweet leeks, and selecting full seeds for later use;
(3) Sowing: in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months, the T-shaped spot is carried out by adopting a hill seeding method when the temperature is higher than 8 DEG C
Sowing, namely sowing 5 seeds in each hole, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, and the plant spacing is 25 cm;
(4) Topdressing in seedling stage: the compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm is applied in the tillering stage of the green sweet leeks 2 200 kg/hm of urea is applied in green Gan Jiu bud period 2 ；
(5) Weed management: timely cleaning weeds during the growth period of seedlings, and carrying out primary intertillage; irrigation is carried out at the later growth stage of the green and sweet leeks according to the growth condition of plants;
(6) Harvesting edible parts: harvesting edible parts on the land of the green sweet leeks in the last ten days of 6 months, and harvesting once a year;
(7) And (5) plant winter management: applying nitrogen fertilizer for 1-2 times in the middle and late 10 months after harvesting in the same year, supplementing nutrition to plants, and laying a foundation for production in the next year; cutting off the newly grown overground part of the green Gan Jiu, covering the root of the green Gan Jiu with surrounding soil, and then carrying out winter irrigation in the middle and late 11 months; entering the overwintering period after winter irrigation, cleaning the branches and leaves before germination in spring each year, and reducing or eliminating the residual pest and disease damage of overwintering.
The autumn artificial cultivation method comprises the following steps:
sowing after deep ploughing of the to-be-ploughed land for at least 2 times in the last ten days of 9 months, preparing soil covering film before sowing and selecting seeds, wherein the steps are the same as those of a spring artificial cultivation method, fully irrigating the to-be-ploughed land before overwintering in the middle and the last ten days of 11 months, and covering the to-be-ploughed film according to the soil moisture content of the current year; and (5) normally performing field management after germination in early spring, and harvesting in the same year.
As a further preferable mode of the technical scheme of the invention, in the step (1), the bio-organic fertilizer is a fibrate bio-organic fertilizer or a gold gate bio-organic fertilizer.
Further, in the steps (1) and (4), the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer or an equilibrium compound fertilizer.
Further, a disease control step is further included between the step (5) and the step (6), specifically:
during the growth period of green Gan Jiu seedlings, when aphid diseases appear, the aphid diseases are treated by a method of scattering plant ash; when the disease is serious, 0.1% acetamiprid is sprayed in the morning of continuous sunny days, and the disease is treated by a leaf surface spraying method.
Further, in the step (6), if seed reserving is needed, the harvesting time of the flowers of the green Gan Jiu is delayed until the seeds are mature.
Further, in step (7), the newly grown aerial parts of the green Gan Jiu are cut off before winter irrigation, and surrounding soil is covered on the roots of the green Gan Jiu.
Practice proves that the planting modes of sowing time, sowing mode, field management, pest management, overwintering management and spring and autumn are key to obtaining high-quality green sweet leeks in artificial cultivation in northwest areas. Firstly, selecting sowing time, wherein the sowing time is selected from the middle and upper ten days of 4 months in spring, and the air temperature is higher than 8 ℃; the planting and sowing time in autumn is selected in the last ten days of 9 months, and the cultivation method in spring and autumn provides a referential cultivation method for artificially cultivating the green Chinese chives. In addition, the autumn sowing method can promote the early germination of the green sweet leeks in the second year, advance the growth cycle of the green sweet leeks and harvest the green sweet leeks in the current year. Secondly, the selection of the sowing mode is a key innovation point of the invention, the full and robust seeds are selected after the wild sweet leek seeds are picked, and the T-shaped dibbling mode is adopted for film-covered sowing, so that the germination rate and the survival rate can be greatly improved. Third, field management is the important issue of quality assurance of the green sweet leeks, the green Gan Jiu seedling stage pays attention to weed management, and the seedlings are applied during tilleringCompound fertilizer 750 kg/hm 2 Urea 200 kg/hm applied in bud stage 2 Can ensure that the product of the green sweet leek with good quality is obtained. Fourth, pest management is also an innovation point of the invention, as the conditions of diseases and pests of the green leeks are fewer, and the pests are mainly aphids, when the diseases and pests occur, the method of spreading plant ash is selected for treatment, and when the diseases and pests are serious, the method of spraying 0.1% acetamiprid is used for foliar pest treatment. Fifth, overwintering management is a key for ensuring that green Gan Jiu winters smoothly, and lays a foundation for the production of edible parts of the next year, namely, the young leeks by dressing nitrogen fertilizer for 1-2 times in middle and late 10 months, cutting off overground parts of the green Gan Jiu before the green Gan Jiu enters the overwintering period, covering roots of the green Gan Jiu with soil, and then carrying out winter irrigation in middle and late 11 months. In addition, the branches and leaves can be cleaned before germination in spring every year, so that the residual diseases and insect pests in overwintering are reduced or eliminated.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can keep the original biological characteristics by harvesting wild sweet leek seeds for direct cultivation, and can enlarge the planting area year by year; the seed implantation is ensured by hole-by-hole dibbling, so that the uniformity of the green Gan Jiu after emergence can be effectively improved; by covering the mulching film, the wet germination condition is ensured in the germination period of the seeds, so that the germination rate of the seeds can be effectively improved, and the germination time is prolonged; through weed management in seedling stage, additional fertilizer in tillering stage and bud stage, pest control can ensure that well developed green Gan Jiu plants are obtained; through winter management, base fertilizer is applied, overground parts are cut off, roots are covered with soil, and water which is sufficient for winter can ensure that green Gan Jiu passes winter smoothly and sufficient nutrients are reserved for healthy growth in the next year.
2. The planting method of the invention can shorten the growth period of the green sweet leeks in spring and autumn, obtain edible and medicinal parts of the green sweet leeks earlier, improve land utilization rate of the dry land in northwest areas and provide technical support for domestication cultivation of the green Gan Jiu. In view of the resource attribute of the green sweet leeks, the artificial efficient cultivation research is carried out on the green sweet leeks, the green sweet leeks are beneficial to protecting and utilizing the germplasm resources, the picking and digging of the wild green sweet leeks are reduced, the nutritional value, the medicinal value and the ornamental value of the green sweet leeks are fully utilized, and an edible novel variety of wild vegetables, a novel variety of plants which can be used for medicinal purposes and a variety of plants with stronger ornamental value can be provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the appearance of a plant 3 days after germination of green Gan Jiu by the spring cultivation method of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an external view of a seed plant of green Gan Jiu by the spring cultivation method in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plant appearance diagram of 3 days after germination of green Gan Jiu by the mid-autumn cultivation method of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an external view of corolla of a plant reserved for the mid-autumn cultivation method green Gan Jiu of example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The cultivation method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
It should be noted that, the plant diseases and insect pests of the green leeks are usually less, and in few cases, the aphids harm young leaf bud tissues of the green leeks, when the aphids appear, the plant ash scattering method can be adopted for treatment, and the plant ash water can also be used for spraying. In severe cases, 0.1% acetamiprid is sprayed in the morning of continuous sunny days and applied to aphid control through foliar spraying.
The bio-organic fertilizer used in the invention is commercial fibrate bio-organic fertilizer or golden gate bio-organic fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is commercial fertilizer Yixinfeng nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer or wall balance compound fertilizer.
Example 1
The method for artificially cultivating the green sweet leeks in two seasons in the dry land in northwest region comprises the steps of spring artificial cultivation and autumn artificial cultivation;
the spring artificial cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a land cover film: before sowing in 4 months in the current year, deep ploughing the land for 2 times, and irrigating the soil moisture of the sole; even mixing Shi Beite bio-organic fertilizer for cultivated land 750 kg/hm 2 Diammonium phosphate 450 kg/hm 2 Covering the land after leveling, wherein the width of the land is 90 cm, the distance between the films is 40 cm, and a water permeable opening is reserved on the land;
(2) Seed selection: harvesting wild Qinggu leek seeds, and selecting full seeds to improve seed development
Bud ratio;
(3) Sowing: in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months, the dibbling method is adopted to perform T-shaped dibbling at the temperature of 10 ℃ every time
5 seeds are sown in holes, the sowing depth is 2 cm, the plant spacing is 25 cm, and the row spacing is 30cm; covering Bao Tu after sowing, slightly flattening, and irrigating with a proper amount of water to keep soil moist;
(4) Topdressing in seedling stage: topdressing of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm in tillering stage of green-sweet leeks 2 200 kg/hm of urea is applied in green Gan Jiu bud period 2 ；
(5) Weed management: timely cleaning weeds during the growth period of seedlings, and carrying out primary intertillage; irrigation is carried out on the green Gan Jiu plants in a proper amount in the late growth period of the green leeks;
(6) Aphid control: aphids appear in the green Gan Jiu bud period to the flowering period (in the middle of 5 months), 0.1 percent acetamiprid is sprayed in the morning of continuous sunny days to treat foliar insect pests, and the aphids are seen to die visually 1 week after spraying;
(7) Harvesting edible parts: harvesting edible parts on the green sweet leek land in the last ten days of 6 months, harvesting once a year, and harvesting and reserving seeds after the harvesting time of the flowers of green Gan Jiu is prolonged to 9 months after the seeds are ripe;
(8) And (3) plant management: applying nitrogen fertilizer 1 time after harvesting in the next 10 months in the current year, supplementing nutrition to plants, and laying a foundation for production in the next year; cutting off the newly grown overground part of the green Gan Jiu, covering the root of the green Gan Jiu with surrounding soil, and then winter irrigation is performed in the middle of 11 months; entering the overwintering period after winter irrigation, and cleaning the branches and leaves before germination in spring every year.
The autumn artificial cultivation method comprises the following steps:
sowing after deep ploughing 2 times in the last 9 months, preparing soil covering film before sowing and selecting seeds, wherein the steps are the same as those of the artificial cultivation method in spring, irrigating sufficiently before overwintering in the last 11 months, and covering the mulching film again; and (5) field management is normally carried out after germination in early spring, and harvesting is carried out in the last ten days of 5 months of the current year.
By adopting the cultivation method in spring of the embodiment 1, the appearance of the plant 3 days after germination is shown in the figure 1, the germination rate of the plant is 65.3%, and the flowering rate after survival is 96.8%. The appearance of the 9 month seed-reserved plants is shown in fig. 2.
The cultivation method in spring and autumn of the embodiment 1 is adopted, and the cultivation yield is 8547.4 kg/hm respectively 2 、9032.8 kg/hm 2 。
Example 2
The method for artificially cultivating the green sweet leeks in two seasons in the dry land in northwest region comprises the steps of spring artificial cultivation and autumn artificial cultivation;
the spring artificial cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a land cover film: before sowing in 4 months in the current year, deep ploughing the land for 2 times, and irrigating the soil moisture of the sole; 750 kg/hm of biological organic fertilizer for cultivated land uniformly mixed application of gold and gate 2 Urea 200 kg/hm 2 450 kg/hm of compound fertilizer 2 Covering the land after leveling, wherein the width of the land is 90 cm, the distance between the films is 40 cm, and a water permeable opening is reserved on the land;
(2) Seed selection: harvesting wild Qinggu leek seeds, and selecting full seeds to improve seed development
Bud ratio;
(3) Sowing: in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months, the dibbling method is adopted to perform T-shaped dibbling at the temperature of 10 ℃ every time
5 seeds are sown in holes, the sowing depth is 2.5cm, the plant spacing is 25 cm, and the row spacing is 35cm; covering Bao Tu after sowing, slightly flattening, and irrigating with a proper amount of water to keep soil moist;
(4) Topdressing in seedling stage: topdressing balanced compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm in tillering stage of green and sweet leeks 2 200 kg/hm of urea is applied in green Gan Jiu bud period 2 ；
(5) Weed management: timely cleaning weeds during the growth period of seedlings, and carrying out primary intertillage; irrigation is carried out on the green Gan Jiu plants in a proper amount in the late growth period of the green leeks;
(6) Harvesting edible parts: harvesting edible parts on the green sweet leek land in the last ten days of 6 months, harvesting once a year, and harvesting and reserving seeds after the harvesting time of the flowers of green Gan Jiu is prolonged to 9 months after the seeds are ripe;
(7) And (3) plant management: applying nitrogen fertilizer 2 times in the next ten days of 10 months after harvesting in the same year, supplementing nutrition to plants, and laying a foundation for production in the next year; cutting off the newly grown overground part of the green Gan Jiu, covering the root of the green Gan Jiu with surrounding soil, and then carrying out winter irrigation in the late 11 months; entering the overwintering period after winter irrigation, and cleaning the branches and leaves before germination in spring every year.
The autumn artificial cultivation method comprises the following steps:
sowing after deep ploughing 2 times in the last 9 months, preparing soil covering film before sowing and selecting seeds, wherein the steps are the same as those of the artificial cultivation method in spring, irrigating sufficiently before overwintering in the last 11 months, and covering the mulching film again; and (5) field management is normally carried out after germination in early spring, and harvesting is carried out in the last ten days of 5 months of the current year.
By adopting the autumn cultivation method of the embodiment 2, the appearance of the plant 3 days after germination is shown in figure 3, the germination rate of the plant is 70.2%, and the flowering rate after survival is 97.3%. The appearance of the corolla of the plant reserved for 9 months is shown in figure 4.
The cultivation method in spring and autumn of the embodiment 2 is adopted, and the cultivation yield is 8421.5 kg/hm respectively 2 、8633.1 kg/hm 2 。
Claims (6)
1. A method for artificially cultivating green sweet leeks in two seasons in dry land in northwest region is characterized by comprising spring artificial cultivation and autumn artificial cultivation;
the spring artificial cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a land cover film: fine soil preparation is carried out in early spring, no less than 2 times of deep ploughing and soil turning are carried out, and foot soil moisture is irrigated; 750 kg/hm of even mixed application of cultivated land 2 Bio-organic fertilizer and 450 kg/hm 2 Diammonium phosphate, or mixed application 750 kg/hm 2 Bio-organic fertilizer, 200 kg/hm 2 Urea 450 kg/hm 2 Covering a mulching film after leveling the land, wherein the surface width is 90 and cm, the film spacing is 40 and cm, and a water permeable opening is reserved on the mulching film;
(2) Seed selection: harvesting wild seeds of the green and sweet leeks, and selecting full seeds for later use;
(3) Sowing: in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months, the T-shaped spot is carried out by adopting a hill seeding method when the temperature is higher than 8 DEG C
Sowing, namely sowing 5 seeds in each hole, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, and the plant spacing is 25 cm;
(4) Topdressing in seedling stage: the compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm is applied in the tillering stage of the green sweet leeks 2 200 kg/hm of urea is applied in green Gan Jiu bud period 2 ；
(5) Weed management: timely cleaning weeds during the growth period of seedlings, and carrying out primary intertillage; irrigation is carried out at the later growth stage of the green and sweet leeks according to the growth condition of plants;
(6) Harvesting edible parts: harvesting edible parts on the land of the green sweet leeks in the last ten days of 6 months, and harvesting once a year;
(7) And (5) plant winter management: applying nitrogen fertilizer for 1-2 times in the middle and late 10 months after harvesting in the same year, cutting off the newly grown overground part of green Gan Jiu, covering the root of green Gan Jiu with surrounding soil, and then winter irrigation in the middle and late 11 months; entering an overwintering period after winter irrigation, and cleaning branches and leaves before germination in spring every year;
the autumn artificial cultivation method comprises the following steps:
sowing after deep ploughing of the to-be-ploughed land for at least 2 times in the last ten days of 9 months, preparing soil covering film before sowing and selecting seeds, wherein the steps are the same as those of a spring artificial cultivation method, fully irrigating the to-be-ploughed land before overwintering in the middle and the last ten days of 11 months, and covering the to-be-ploughed film according to the soil moisture content of the current year; and (5) normally performing field management after germination in early spring, and harvesting in the same year.
2. The method for artificially cultivating green sweet leeks in northwest areas according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the bio-organic fertilizer is a fibrate bio-organic fertilizer or a golden clinic bio-organic fertilizer.
3. The method for artificially cultivating green leeks in northwest areas according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (1) and (4), the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer or an equilibrium compound fertilizer.
4. The method for artificially cultivating green leeks in northwest areas according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) and the step (6) further comprise a disease control step, specifically:
during the growth period of green Gan Jiu seedlings, when aphid diseases appear, the aphid diseases are treated by a method of scattering plant ash; when the disease is serious, 0.1% acetamiprid is sprayed in the morning of continuous sunny days, and the disease is treated by a leaf surface spraying method.
5. The method for artificially cultivating green leeks in northwest China according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (6), if seed retention is required, the harvesting time of the flowers of green Gan Jiu is delayed until the seeds are ripe.
6. The method for artificially cultivating green leeks in northwest China according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (7), the newly grown overground part of the green Gan Jiu is cut off before winter irrigation, and surrounding soil is covered on the root part of the green Gan Jiu.
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