CN117503745A - 脱氧蒜氨酸作为肥大细胞活化抑制剂的应用 - Google Patents
脱氧蒜氨酸作为肥大细胞活化抑制剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117503745A CN117503745A CN202410012570.6A CN202410012570A CN117503745A CN 117503745 A CN117503745 A CN 117503745A CN 202410012570 A CN202410012570 A CN 202410012570A CN 117503745 A CN117503745 A CN 117503745A
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- deoxyalliin
- mast cell
- cell activation
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及脱氧蒜氨酸作为肥大细胞活化抑制剂的应用,脱氧蒜氨酸作为唯一活性成分用于制备肥大细胞活化抑制剂,以预防、缓解或治疗与肥大细胞活化相关的疾病。脱氧蒜氨酸可以抑制肥大细胞的增殖,同时显著抑制组胺和类胰蛋白酶的合成和释放,进而阻抑肥大细胞的活化;可以通过降低肥大细胞内趋化因子的表达,来抑制其对其它免疫效应细胞的诱导和迁移作用;可以明显抑制促炎细胞因子诱发肥大细胞活化后其趋化因子的表达,特别是在促炎细胞因子TNF‑α刺激下,脱氧蒜氨酸可以显著降低肥大细胞合成和释放趋化因子CCL7和CCL12,从而降低其对单核细胞的诱导和迁移作用,以此抑制过度炎症反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及脱氧蒜氨酸作为肥大细胞活化抑制剂的应用。
背景技术
肥大细胞(Mast cell)是一类重要的先天免疫细胞,广泛分布于皮肤、呼吸道、胃肠道和生殖道。其作为一类重要的哨兵细胞,在多种疾病过程中发挥重要作用,如哮喘、炎症性肠病、禽流感、SARS、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等。肥大细胞发挥生物学作用,主要依赖其活化后,可合成和释放多种活性物质和细胞因子,如β-己糖胺酶、组胺、5-羟色胺、类胰蛋白酶、白三烯、前列腺素等。目前已知的诱导肥大细胞活化的途径主要包括 IgE-FcεRI途径、基础促分泌素(如Compound48/80) 介导的Mrg受体途径、补体及其受体途径、细胞因子及其受体途径等。而与肥大细胞活化密切相关的病理现象或病症则包括IgE介导的I型过敏反应,IgG介导的速发型超敏反应,Mrg受体介导的非免疫型速发型超敏反应,如过敏性哮喘、春季卡他性结膜炎、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性结膜炎、过敏性皮炎、过敏性休克、过敏性紫癜、变异性咳嗽、过敏性支气管炎、肥大细胞增生症等。同样的,肥大细胞在炎症性肠病中也发挥重要作用,但是其作用机制目前尚未阐释清楚。炎症性肠病是一种非特异性的慢性肠道炎性疾病,包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎,其严重影响患者的生活质量,甚至诱发结直肠癌。目前临床药物美沙拉嗪 (5-氨基水杨酸) 对肠壁的炎症有显著的抑制作用。美沙拉嗪可以抑制引起炎症的前列腺素的合成和炎性介质白三烯的形成,从而对肠黏膜的炎症起显著抑制作用。而前列腺素和白三烯是肥大细胞的重要活性物质,说明肥大细胞在炎症性肠病中发挥重要作用,通过抑制其活化,可以显著改善炎症性肠病的发生。目前美沙拉嗪服用后,会出现轻度的胃部不适,而且很有可能诱发慢性肝炎。所以,需要寻找新的治理药物,特别是药食同源的成分,可以在治疗疾病的同时显著降低毒副作用,提高患者的生活质量。
S-烯丙基半胱氨酸,又称脱氧蒜氨酸,分子式为C6H11NO2S,化学名为:S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸 (S-Allyl-L-cysteine),CAS号为21593-77-1,结构式如下(式Ⅰ):
脱氧蒜氨酸是氨基酸的一种,有L-型、D-型及DL-型三种异构体。作为一种在大蒜中发现的有机硫化物,其拥有多种生物活性,包括神经营养活性、抗癌活性、抗炎活性等。但目前暂未发现公开脱氧蒜氨酸作为肥大细胞活化抑制剂的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供式I所示的脱氧蒜氨酸作为肥大细胞活化抑制剂的应用,脱氧蒜氨酸作为唯一活性成分用于制备肥大细胞活化抑制剂。
优选地,所述肥大细胞活化抑制剂包括含有脱氧蒜氨酸的食品、特医食品、保健品、药品和护肤品。
优选地,所述肥大细胞活化抑制剂用于预防、缓解或治疗与肥大细胞活化相关的黏膜免疫系统疾病。
优选地,含有脱氧蒜氨酸的药品包括片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、口含剂、软膏剂、硬膏剂、霜剂、气雾剂、贴剂、糊剂、混悬剂、注射剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、酊剂、口服液。所述药品可以根据实际需求选择任何制剂类型。
优选地,与肥大细胞活化相关的黏膜免疫系统疾病包括溃疡性结肠炎、呼吸窘迫综合征、过敏性哮喘、春季卡他性结膜炎、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性结膜炎、过敏性皮炎、过敏性休克、过敏性紫癜、变异性咳嗽、过敏性支气管炎、肥大细胞增生症。
优选地,所述食品包括大蒜及蒜制品。脱氧蒜氨酸主要取自新鲜大蒜和蒜制品,都可以作为药食同源的食品,辅助用于与肥大细胞活化相关的疾病的预防、缓解和治疗。可以根据脱氧蒜氨酸的含量每日食用适量的大蒜及蒜制品,蒜制品例如黑蒜、腊八蒜、蒜蓉酱等。
优选地,所述蒜制品包括黑蒜。新鲜大蒜经熟化工艺制成黑蒜后,脱氧蒜氨酸的含量显著增加。
本发明的有益效果在于:脱氧蒜氨酸可以抑制肥大细胞组胺和类胰蛋白酶的合成和释放,并显著抑制趋化因子CCL7和CCL12的表达,特别是在促炎细胞因子TNF-α刺激下,脱氧蒜氨酸可以显著降低肥大细胞合成和表达趋化因子CCL7和CCL12,从而降低其对单核细胞的诱导趋化作用。因此,脱氧蒜氨酸可以作为肥大细胞活化抑制剂以抑制与肥大细胞活化相关的过度炎症反应,进而预防、缓解或治疗与肥大细胞活化相关的疾病。
附图说明
图1为本发明中脱氧蒜氨酸作用于小鼠肥大细胞株P815后,其细胞形态学、超微结构组织学、上清中组胺和类胰蛋白酶释放的分析图。利用T检验进行组间差异分析。
图2为本发明中脱氧蒜氨酸作用于小鼠肥大细胞株P815后,利用转录组测序分析其差异基因表达的结果图。利用T检验进行组间差异分析。
图3为本发明中脱氧蒜氨酸作用于小鼠肥大细胞株P815后,其上清中趋化因子CCL7和CCL12的表达分析图。利用T检验进行组间差异分析。
图4为本发明中脱氧蒜氨酸作用于小鼠肥大细胞株P815后,利用Transwell小室培养装置,分析其上清液对THP-1单核细胞迁移和分化的作用。其中箭头指示迁移后发生分化的单核细胞;利用T检验进行组间差异分析,其中**P<0 .01,表示组间差异极显著。
图5为鲜蒜和黑蒜中脱氧蒜氨酸的含量。
图6为本发明中脱氧蒜氨酸和富含脱氧蒜氨酸的黑蒜对结肠炎小鼠模型的干预治疗作用。脱氧蒜氨酸和黑蒜均可明显改善小鼠的临床表现,缓解结肠损伤。利用T检验进行组间差异分析,其中*P<0 .05,**P<0 .01,表示组间差异显著和极显著。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
本发明提供一种脱氧蒜氨酸 (英文名:S-Allyl-L-cysteine;CAS号:21593-77-1 )作为肥大细胞活化抑制剂的应用,所使用的脱氧蒜氨酸可作为免疫调节剂在肥大细胞参与的过敏性疾病和炎症性疾病中应用。
实施例1:脱氧蒜氨酸抑制小鼠肥大细胞株P815活化,抑制其释放组胺和类胰蛋白酶的影响。
(1)实验材料:
脱氧蒜氨酸 (上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司,纯度≥98%,货号S832964),小鼠组胺(HIS) ELISA检测试剂盒 (Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,货号ML001877),小鼠类胰蛋白酶 (TPS) ELISA检测试剂盒 (Shanghai Enzyme-linkedBiotechnology Co.,Ltd,货号ML1037646),RPMI1640培养基 (Thermo Fisher,货号11875093),小鼠肥大细胞株P815来源于武汉尚恩生物技术有限公司 (货号SNL-415)。
(2)实验方法:
将处于对数生长期的P815细胞,按2-5×105 个/mL密度接种6孔板,每孔2 mL。待细胞贴壁后,吸弃培养基。每孔加入1 mL含脱氧蒜氨酸 (500 μg/mL) 的新鲜无血清培养基,37 ℃作用4 h。吸弃含脱氧蒜氨酸的细胞培养基,更换为无血清的新鲜RPMI1640培养基。分别于处理后12 h和24 h收集细胞培养上清。12000 r/min离心后,取上清,按试剂盒说明书操作进行ELISA检测。收集上清后的细胞,用无菌PBS清洗后,经胰酶消化3 min。吸弃胰酶,加入1 mL无菌PBS,轻轻吹打,制成细胞悬浮。1200 r/min离心5 min,弃上清。加入1 mL无菌PBS,轻轻吹打,1200 r/min离心5 min。弃上清,加入2.5%戊二醛,室温固定15 min。按常规操作,制作超薄切片,利用透射电镜观察细胞超微结构变化。
(3)实验结果:
如图1所示,脱氧蒜氨酸处理后,肥大细胞的增殖受到抑制(图1A),同时胞质内颗粒形成减少(图1B)。组胺在12 h和24 h时释放量显著降低(图1C),类胰蛋白酶在24 h时的释放量显著下降(图1D)。结果表明,脱氧蒜氨酸可以明显阻抑肥大细胞的增殖,同时显著抑制肥大细胞组胺和类胰蛋白酶的合成和释放,进而抑制肥大细胞的活化。
实施例2:脱氧蒜氨酸对小鼠肥大细胞株P815基因表达的影响。
(1)实验材料:
脱氧蒜氨酸 (上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司,纯度≥98%,货号S832964),Trizol提取试剂 (Invitrogen,货号15596026),RPMI1640培养基 (Thermo Fisher,货号11875093),小鼠肥大细胞株P815来源于武汉尚恩生物技术有限公司 (货号SNL-415)。
(2)实验方法:
将处于对数生长期的P815细胞,按2-5×105 个/mL密度接种6孔板,每孔2 mL。待细胞贴壁后,吸弃培养基。每孔加入1 mL含脱氧蒜氨酸 (500 μg/mL) 的新鲜无血清培养基,37 ℃作用4 h。吸弃含脱氧蒜氨酸的细胞培养基,更换为无血清的新鲜RPMI1640培养基。分别于处理后12 h和24 h吸弃细胞培养上清。用无菌PBS清洗后,每孔加入0.4 mLTrizol提取试剂,室温裂解作用5 min。轻轻吹打,收集细胞裂解液。加入80 μL三氯甲烷,剧烈震荡混匀。室温静置5 min,12000 r/min 4 ℃离心15 min。吸取上清液,转移至新离心管,加入等体积异丙醇,颠倒混匀。室温静置10 min,12000 r/min 4 ℃离心10 min,弃上清。向沉淀中加入1 mL75%乙醇清洗沉淀,12000 r/min 4 ℃离心5 min。弃上清,保留沉淀,室温干燥。加入30 μL无RNA酶水,溶解沉淀。提取的RNA,送至北京百迈客生物科技有限公司进行转录组测序。
(3)实验结果:
如图2所示,脱氧蒜氨酸处理后,肥大细胞内转录因子NF-κB2、趋化因子CCL3、CCL5、CCL7和CCL12基因的表达量在12 h和24 h显著降低。结果表明,脱氧蒜氨酸可以通过降低肥大细胞内趋化因子的表达,来抑制其对其它免疫效应细胞的诱导趋化作用。
实施例3:脱氧蒜氨酸对TNF-α诱导小鼠肥大细胞株P815表达趋化因子CCL5、CCL7和CCL12的影响。
(1)实验材料:
脱氧蒜氨酸 (上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司,纯度≥98%,货号S832964),重组小鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α,亚科因,货号PRP1113),小鼠单核细胞趋化蛋白3 (MCP-3/CCL7) ELISA试剂盒 (江苏酶免实业有限公司,货号MM-0084M2),小鼠单核细胞趋化蛋白5(MCP-5;CCL12) ELISA试剂盒 (江苏酶免实业有限公司,货号MM-1064M2),小鼠CC趋化因子配体5 (CCL5) ELISA试剂盒 (江苏酶免实业有限公司,货号MM-0903M2),RPMI1640培养基(Thermo Fisher,货号11875093),小鼠肥大细胞株P815来源于武汉尚恩生物技术有限公司(货号SNL-415)。
(2)实验方法:
将处于对数生长期的P815细胞,按2-5×105 个/mL密度接种6孔板,每孔2 mL。待细胞贴壁后,吸弃培养基。每孔加入1 mL 20 μg/mL TNF-α,37 ℃作用2 h。吸弃含TNF-α的细胞上清,加入1 mL含脱氧蒜氨酸 (500 μg/mL) 的新鲜无血清培养基,37 ℃作用4 h。吸弃含脱氧蒜氨酸的细胞培养基,更换为无血清的新鲜RPMI1640培养基。分别于处理后12 h和24 h收集细胞培养上清。12000 r/min离心后,取上清,按试剂盒说明书操作进行ELISA检测。
(3)实验结果:
如图3所示,促炎细胞因子TNF-α可明显上调肥大细胞表达和释放CCL7和CCL12,但是趋化因子CCL5的表达影响不明显。而脱氧蒜氨酸干扰后,TNF-α诱发肥大细胞表达和释放趋化因子CCL7和CCL12的作用受到显著抑制。结果表明,脱氧蒜氨酸可以明显抑制促炎细胞因子诱发肥大细胞内趋化因子的表达,而且以抑制单核细胞的趋化作用为主。
实施例4:脱氧蒜氨酸对TNF-α预处理小鼠肥大细胞株P815,对诱导趋化单核细胞THP-1迁移和分化的影响。
(1)实验材料:
脱氧蒜氨酸 (上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司,纯度≥98%,货号S832964),重组小鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α,亚科因,货号PRP1113),Transwell细胞培养小室 (甄选,货号14341),RPMI1640培养基 (Thermo Fisher,货号11875093),小鼠肥大细胞株P815来源于武汉尚恩生物技术有限公司 (货号SNL-415),人单核细胞株 (武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司,货号CL-0233)。
(2)实验方法:
将处于对数生长期的P815细胞,按2-5×105 个/mL密度接种6孔板,每孔2 mL。待细胞贴壁后,吸弃培养基。每孔加入1 mL 20 μg/mL TNF-α,37 ℃作用2 h。吸弃含TNF-α的细胞上清,加入1 mL含脱氧蒜氨酸 (500 μg/mL) 的新鲜无血清培养基,37 ℃作用4 h。吸弃含脱氧蒜氨酸的细胞培养基,更换为无血清的新鲜RPMI1640培养基。分别于处理后12 h和24 h收集细胞培养上清。将培养上清置于Transwell下层小室,上层按6×105 个/mL密度铺THP-1细胞,于不同时间点观察上层小室中THP-1向下层小室的迁移数量变化和形态学变化。
(3)实验结果:
如图4所示,促炎细胞因子TNF-α处理肥大细胞后的培养上清液,可明显诱导趋化THP-1细胞的迁移,而且THP-1细胞分化明显。而脱氧蒜氨酸处理后可明显抑制THP-1细胞的迁移。此外,通过结果可以看出,对照组在无TNF-α处理的条件下,THP-1细胞的迁移数量也明显多于仅用脱氧蒜氨酸处理细胞。结果表明,单独使用脱氧蒜氨酸和在促炎细胞因子作用下使用脱氧蒜氨酸,都可以在一定程度上抑制单核细胞的迁移和分化。
实施例5:鲜蒜和黑蒜中脱氧蒜氨酸含量的测定。
(1)实验材料:鲜蒜和黑蒜。
(2)实验方法:
分别将约100 g黑蒜和鲜蒜冻干,研磨成粉。称取0.1 g粉末,加入1 mL 70%甲醇水提液(提前预冷)。涡旋混匀60 s,置于低温超声提取30 min(可在超声机中加冰盒)。12000r/min离心后,取上清,过0.22 μm滤膜。提取液用50%甲醇稀释至合适浓度并进样。称取一定量标准品,配置成不同浓度的溶液,上机测试,制作标准曲线。按建立的质谱分析方法进行检测,色谱柱:Acquity UPLC@HSS T3 1.8 µm,2.1×150 mm Column;流动相A和B分别为0.1% 甲酸-水和0.1% 甲酸-乙腈;梯度洗脱:0-1 min,5% B,1-9 min,5%-90% B,9-12 min,90% B,12-12.1 min,90-5% B,12.1-15 min,5% B;流速:0.2 mL/min,柱温:40 ℃;质谱参数:正离子模式、H-ESI离子源、Positive Ion(V) 4000、Sheath Gas (Arb) 35、Aux Gas(Arb) 10、Ion Transfer Tube Temp (℃) 350、Vaporizer Temp (℃) 350。
(3)实验结果:
其中,脱氧蒜氨酸标准曲线方程为Y = 1460.13+20309.1*X,R2 = 0.9970。如图5所示,计算所得鲜蒜和黑蒜中的脱氧蒜氨酸含量分别约为17 ng/mg和1051 ng/mg,差异极显著。说明鲜蒜在加工为黑蒜过程中,生成大量脱氧蒜氨酸。黑蒜是一款富含脱氧蒜氨酸的食品。
实施例6:脱氧蒜氨酸和富含脱氧蒜氨酸的黑蒜对硫酸葡聚糖钠盐致小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的影响。
(1)实验材料:
黑蒜,7周龄C57BL/6小鼠 (江苏华创信诺医药科技有限公司),硫酸葡聚糖钠盐(DSS-colitis grade,MP biomedicals,货号0216011080),脱氧蒜氨酸(麦克林,货号S832964)。
(2)实验方法:
如图6A所示,将60只7周龄C57BL/6小鼠随机分为6组,分别是对照组(CON)、结肠炎模型组 (DSS)、3.0 mg/kg脱氧蒜氨酸组 (SAC2)、30 mg/kg黑蒜治疗组 (DSS+AG)、1.5 mg/kg脱氧蒜氨酸治疗组1 (DSS+SAC1)、3.0 mg/kg脱氧蒜氨酸治疗组2 (DSS+SAC2)。
首先,6组小鼠皆先适应性饲养1周,并配制含2.5%硫酸葡聚糖钠盐 (DSS) 的饮用水。
然后,对照组每天灌胃等量生理盐水,饲喂14d;脱氧蒜氨酸组 (SAC2) 每天灌胃等量含脱氧蒜氨酸的生理盐水,饲喂14d;结肠炎模型组 (DSS)、脱氧蒜氨酸治疗组1 (DSS+SAC1)、脱氧蒜氨酸治疗组2 (DSS+SAC2)和黑蒜治疗组 (DSS+AG),自由饮用含2.5%DSS的饮用水,造模处理7 d。同时每天灌胃含有相应脱氧蒜氨酸和黑蒜的生理盐水,持续14d (造模7 d加治疗7 d)。所有组小鼠,均自由采食和自由饮水。每天观察小鼠的粪便情况,包括腹泻、便血等。记录小鼠体重变化,分析疾病活动指数。14 d时处死小鼠。剥离结肠,测量结肠长度。
(3)实验结果:
通过人为干预制作结肠炎小鼠模型,并通过饲喂脱氧蒜氨酸和富含脱氧蒜氨酸的黑蒜,观察其治疗效果 (图6A)。结果如图6所示,结肠炎模型组 (DSS)小鼠的体重下降明显,造模7 d结束后,其体重持续下降至第10 d。与结肠炎模型组 (DSS)相比,在通过脱氧蒜氨酸和黑蒜干预的小鼠中,体重从第3 d开始下降有所减缓,从第8 d开始显著高于结肠炎模型组 (DSS)(图6B);至14 d时,解剖观察小鼠的结肠长度,发现脱氧蒜氨酸和黑蒜治疗后,长度明显增加,与结肠炎模型组 (DSS)差异显著 (图6C)。结果说明,食用脱氧蒜氨酸和富含脱氧蒜氨酸的黑蒜,均可以改善结肠炎的病理损伤。脱氧蒜氨酸完全可以作为活性功能成分,添加到食品、特医食品、保健品、药品配方中,用于溃疡性结肠等炎症性肠病的辅助治疗及预防。而富含脱氧蒜氨酸的黑蒜可以作为药食同源的食品,辅助调理炎症性肠病的发生和治疗。
综上所述,脱氧蒜氨酸可以抑制肥大细胞的增殖,同时显著抑制组胺和类胰蛋白酶的合成和释放,进而阻抑肥大细胞的活化;可以通过降低肥大细胞内趋化因子的表达,来抑制其对其它免疫效应细胞的诱导和迁移作用;可以明显抑制促炎细胞因子诱发肥大细胞活化后其趋化因子的表达,特别是在促炎细胞因子TNF-α刺激下,脱氧蒜氨酸可以显著降低肥大细胞合成和释放趋化因子CCL7和CCL12,从而降低其对单核细胞的诱导和迁移作用,以此抑制过度炎症反应。以因肥大细胞活化导致的溃疡性结肠炎为例,脱氧蒜氨酸和富含脱氧蒜氨酸的黑蒜皆能够有效改善结肠炎的病理损伤,因此,脱氧蒜氨酸完全可以作为活性成分,用于预防、缓解或治疗与肥大细胞活化相关的疾病。具体的,脱氧蒜氨酸可以添加至食品、特医食品、保健品、药品和护肤品的配方中,用于抑制因肥大细胞活化引起的炎症反应,进而起到预防、缓解或治疗与肥大细胞活化相关的疾病。
Claims (7)
1.脱氧蒜氨酸作为肥大细胞活化抑制剂的应用,其特征在于,脱氧蒜氨酸作为唯一活性成分用于制备肥大细胞活化抑制剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肥大细胞活化抑制剂包括含有脱氧蒜氨酸的食品、特医食品、保健品、药品和护肤品。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肥大细胞活化抑制剂用于预防、缓解或治疗与肥大细胞活化相关的黏膜免疫系统疾病。
4.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,含有脱氧蒜氨酸的药品包括片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、口含剂、软膏剂、硬膏剂、霜剂、气雾剂、贴剂、糊剂、混悬剂、注射剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、酊剂、口服液。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,与肥大细胞活化相关的黏膜免疫系统疾病包括溃疡性结肠炎、呼吸窘迫综合征、过敏性哮喘、春季卡他性结膜炎、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性结膜炎、过敏性皮炎、过敏性休克、过敏性紫癜、变异性咳嗽、过敏性支气管炎、肥大细胞增生症。
6.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述食品包括大蒜及蒜制品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述蒜制品包括黑蒜。
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