CN117489452A - 一种双级scr系统hc与s中毒的恢复控制方法 - Google Patents

一种双级scr系统hc与s中毒的恢复控制方法 Download PDF

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CN117489452A
CN117489452A CN202311621911.1A CN202311621911A CN117489452A CN 117489452 A CN117489452 A CN 117489452A CN 202311621911 A CN202311621911 A CN 202311621911A CN 117489452 A CN117489452 A CN 117489452A
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scr catalyst
stage scr
conversion efficiency
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高建宾
吴其伟
王辉
宁德忠
王晓辉
韦龙杯
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Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/02Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by cutting out a part of engine cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/02Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/06By-pass systems
    • F01N2550/10By-pass systems of catalytic converters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1614NOx amount trapped in catalyst
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1621Catalyst conversion efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,涉及发动机尾气处理技术。获取前级SCR催化器和后级SCR催化器的转换效率,若前级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值一,则触发主动再生策略二,以使缸内温度保持在一设定的目标温度值;若后级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值二,则触发主动再生策略一,以提升排气温度至目标温度值;若双级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值三,则触发主动再生策略一,以提升排气温度至目标温度值。本发明既能准确地判断出哪一级SCR催化器出现中毒现象,也能有效、准确地恢复相应的SCR催化器的转化效率,避免SCR催化器中毒加深影响发动机系统的正常工作,使发动机排放满足排放要求。

Description

一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机尾气处理技术,更具体地说,它涉及一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法。
背景技术
选择性催化还原技术的基本原理是向排气中添加还原剂,利用合适的催化剂,促进还原剂与NOx的反应,同时抑制还原剂与氧气的非选择性氧化反应。SCR系统可以有效的降低NOx的排放,双级SCR系统能够更进一步的降低NOx的排放,尤其是冷启动阶段的NOx排放。双级SCR系统有利于发动机提高原排,降低对热管理的需求,降低soot的生成速率,降低DPF主动再生频次,从而降低油耗、降低CO2的排放。但是由于发动机本体的零部件失效及损毁导致原排的HC升高,或燃油中的S含量超标,都会导致SCR催化器中毒,发动机的后处理催化器HC中毒和S中毒均会大幅度削弱SCR转化NOx的能力。但随着SCR载体温度升高,HC中毒抑制作用会明显减弱,而S中毒脱硫效果与温度和时间正相关。HC中毒样件经过400℃,SCR转换效率可以达到正常水平;S中毒样件需要经过550℃以上的高温处理,SCR催化器转换效率才能接近正常水平。当柴油中含硫量高时,经过发动机燃烧后产生大量的SO2,低温工况下SO2与NH3反应生成硫酸铵盐在催化剂表面沉积后会阻碍反应气体与活性中心接触,导致催化剂失活;同时SO2与SCR催化剂中活性金属反应,生成稳定的硫酸盐同样导致催化剂失活,导致排放超过排放限值,硫酸铵盐及硫酸盐需要在450℃甚至更高的温度才能分解。
当SCR催化剂因为硫中毒而出现SCR效率低的情况时,整车后处理系统需要触发进入行车再生或驻车模式,主动提高后处理系统温度,及时清除SCR催化剂表面的沉积硫化物以便恢复SCR性能。对于双级SCR系统,如何判断哪一级SCR的催化器S或HC中毒,及各级SCR催化器S中毒后的再生控制方法,是本领域一直在研究的方向。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,既能准确地判断出哪一级SCR催化器出现中毒现象,也能有效、准确地恢复相应的SCR催化器的转化效率,避免SCR催化器中毒加深影响发动机系统的正常工作,使发动机排放满足排放要求。
本发明所述的一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,获取前级SCR催化器和后级SCR催化器的转换效率,若所述前级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值一,则触发主动再生策略二,以使缸内温度保持在一设定的目标温度值;若所述后级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值二,则触发主动再生策略一,以提升排气温度至目标温度值;若双级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值三,则触发主动再生策略一,以提升排气温度至目标温度值。
作进一步的改进,获取所述前级SCR催化器和后级SCR催化器之间的NOx量,记为NOx1;获取所述后级SCR催化器远离前级SCR催化器一端的NOx量,记为NOx2;获取所述前级SCR催化器远离后级SCR催化器一端的NOx量,记为NOx3;根据所述NOx1、NOx2和NOx3之间的关联性判断SCR催化器的转换效率。
进一步的,SCR催化器的转换效率表示为,
(NOx3-NOx1)/NOx3表示前级SCR催化器的转化效率;
(NOx1-NOx2)/NOx1表示后级SCR催化器的转化效率;
(NOx3-NOx2)/NOx3表示双级SCR催化器的转化效率。
更进一步的,所述效率阈值一为50%-70%;所述效率阈值二为75%-95%;所述效率阈值三为85%-95%。
作进一步的改进,所述主动再生策略一为,启动缸内远后喷,并将发动机排出的废气分为两部分,一部分经所述前级SCR催化器排至其后端管道,另一部分直接排放至所述前级SCR催化器的后端管道;同时进行排气节流处理。
作进一步的改进,所述主动再生策略二为,对发动机进行断缸处理,断缸后根据所述目标温度与实际的测量温度之间的温度差值获取后喷油量二;根据所述后喷油量二启动缸内远后喷,同时进行排气节流处理。
进一步的,所述后喷油量二通过以下公式计算,
式中,u2(t)为后喷油量二的控制参数;Kp为后喷油量二的控制比例系数;e(t)为温度偏差;Ti为后喷油量二积分控制时间;dt为后喷油量二积分时间;t为再生温度修正时间;de(t)为后喷油量二微分时间;T为油量偏差的微分修正时间。
作进一步的改进,主动再生策略触发后,实时监控SCR催化器转化效率;
若再生时间间距或再生里程间距大于设定的时间阈值或里程阈值,且所述SCR催化器的当前转化效率小于相应的效率阈值,则启动OBD报警,以提醒检查尿素喷射系统或尿素溶液;
若再生时间间距或再生里程间距小于设定的时间阈值或里程阈值,且所述SCR催化器的当前转化效率大于相应的效率阈值,则启动OBD报警,以提醒加注合格燃油。
有益效果
本发明的优点在于:通过监控发动机原排与尾排的NOx浓度值,来判断双级SCR系统的整体转化效率以及各级SCR催化器的转化效率,再通过转化效率与相应的效率阈值的对比,根据对比结果触发相应的主动再生策略,既能准确地判断出哪一级SCR催化器出现中毒现象,也能有效、准确地恢复相应的SCR催化器的转化效率,避免SCR催化器中毒加深影响发动机系统的正常工作,使发动机排放满足排放要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明的双级SCR系统结构示意图;
图2为本发明的双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法逻辑示意图;
图3为本发明的主动再生策略一逻辑示意图;
图4为本发明的主动再生策略二逻辑示意图;
图5为不同再生温度下,再生前后SCR催化器200℃的转化效率对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步的描述,但不构成对本发明的任何限制,任何人在本发明权利要求范围所做的有限次的修改,仍在本发明的权利要求范围内。
参阅图1-图5,本发明的一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,在实现该方法前,需要先对双级SCR系统进行一些结构上的改动,例如,在前级SCR催化器(即图1中的密耦SCR)的两端设置一旁通管,且该管中安装以换向阀。该结构的改进主要用于实现主动再生策略一。
本实施例的恢复控制方法为,获取前级SCR催化器和后级SCR催化器(即图1中的底盘SCR)的转换效率。SCR催化器的转换效率主要根据其两侧的NOx之间的关系获取。
具体的,获取所述前级SCR催化器和后级SCR催化器之间的NOx量,记为NOx1;获取所述后级SCR催化器远离前级SCR催化器一端的NOx量,记为NOx2;获取所述前级SCR催化器远离后级SCR催化器一端的NOx量,记为NOx3。
(NOx3-NOx1)/NOx3表示前级SCR催化器的转化效率;(NOx1-NOx2)/NOx1表示后级SCR催化器的转化效率;(NOx3-NOx2)/NOx3表示双级SCR催化器的转化效率。
若所述前级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值一,则触发主动再生策略二,以使缸内温度保持在一设定的目标温度值,如550℃以上,实现再生。若所述后级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值二,则触发主动再生策略一,以提升排气温度至目标温度值。若双级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值三,则触发主动再生策略一,以提升排气温度至目标温度值。
即本发明通过监控发动机原排与尾排的NOx浓度值,来判断双级SCR系统的整体转化效率以及各级SCR催化器的转化效率,再通过转化效率与相应的效率阈值的对比,根据对比结果触发相应的主动再生策略,既能准确地判断出哪一级SCR催化器出现中毒现象,也能有效、准确地恢复相应的SCR催化器的转化效率,避免SCR催化器中毒加深影响发动机系统的正常工作,使发动机排放满足排放要求。
在本实施例中,所述效率阈值一为50%-70%;所述效率阈值二为75%-95%;所述效率阈值三为85%-95%。
针对主动再生策略一,其具体为,确定后喷油量一后即启动缸内远后喷。与此同时,控制换向阀,以将发动机排出的废气分为两部分,一部分经所述前级SCR催化器排至其后端管道,另一部分直接排放至所述前级SCR催化器的后端管道。同时进行排气节流处理。
其中,后喷油量一和换向阀的开度通过以下公式表示:
上式中,u(t1)为缸内远后喷油量一的控制参数;Kp1为后喷油量一控制比例系数;e(t)为温度偏差;Ki1为后喷油量一积分控制系数;Ti1为后喷油量一积分控制时间;dt1为后喷油量一积分时间;Kd1为后喷油量一微分控制系数;Td1为后喷油量一微分控制时间;de(t1)为后喷油量一微分时间;t1为后喷油量一基于再生温度修正时间;u(t2)为旁通阀的开度的控制参数;Kp2为旁通阀开度控制比例系数;Ki2为旁通阀开度积分控制系数;Ti2为旁通阀开度积分控制时间;dt2为旁通阀开度积分时间;Kd2为旁通阀开度微分控制系数;Td2为旁通阀开度微分控制时间;de(t2)为旁通阀微分时间;t2为旁通阀开度基于再生温度修正时间;t1为后喷油量一基于再生温度修正时间;t2为旁通阀开度基于再生温度修正时间;t为再生温度修正时间,t=t1+t2
所述主动再生策略二为,对发动机进行断缸处理,断缸后根据所述目标温度与实际的测量温度之间的温度差值获取后喷油量二。根据所述后喷油量二启动缸内远后喷,同时进行排气节流处理。
其中,后喷油量二通过以下公式计算,
式中,u2(t)为后喷油量二的控制参数;Kp为后喷油量二的控制比例系数;e(t)为温度偏差;Ti为后喷油量二积分控制时间;dt为后喷油量二积分时间;t为再生温度修正时间;de(t)为后喷油量二微分时间;T为油量偏差的微分修正时间。
主动再生策略触发后,实时监控SCR催化器转化效率。若再生时间间距或再生里程间距大于设定的时间阈值或里程阈值,且所述SCR催化器的当前转化效率小于相应的效率阈值,则启动OBD报警,以提醒检查尿素喷射系统或尿素溶液。若再生时间间距或再生里程间距小于设定的时间阈值或里程阈值,且所述SCR催化器的当前转化效率大于相应的效率阈值,则启动OBD报警,以提醒加注合格燃油。通过这样的设置,可在SCR催化器中毒异常或再生异常时,能准确且及时地提醒用户采取对应的措施,确保发动机正常运转。
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。

Claims (8)

1.一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,其特征在于,获取前级SCR催化器和后级SCR催化器的转换效率,若所述前级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值一,则触发主动再生策略二,以使缸内温度保持在一设定的目标温度值;若所述后级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值二,则触发主动再生策略一,以提升排气温度至目标温度值;若双级SCR催化器的转化效率低于设定的效率阈值三,则触发主动再生策略一,以提升排气温度至目标温度值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,其特征在于,获取所述前级SCR催化器和后级SCR催化器之间的NOx量,记为NOx1;获取所述后级SCR催化器远离前级SCR催化器一端的NOx量,记为NOx2;获取所述前级SCR催化器远离后级SCR催化器一端的NOx量,记为NOx3;根据所述NOx1、NOx2和NOx3之间的关联性判断SCR催化器的转换效率。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,其特征在于,SCR催化器的转换效率表示为,
(NOx3-NOx1)/NOx3表示前级SCR催化器的转化效率;
(NOx1-NOx2)/NOx1表示后级SCR催化器的转化效率;
(NOx3-NOx2)/NOx3表示双级SCR催化器的转化效率。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,其特征在于,所述效率阈值一为50%-70%;所述效率阈值二为75%-95%;所述效率阈值三为85%-95%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,其特征在于,所述主动再生策略一为,启动缸内远后喷,并将发动机排出的废气分为两部分,一部分经所述前级SCR催化器排至其后端管道,另一部分直接排放至所述前级SCR催化器的后端管道;同时进行排气节流处理。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,其特征在于,所述主动再生策略二为,对发动机进行断缸处理,断缸后根据所述目标温度与实际的测量温度之间的温度差值获取后喷油量二;根据所述后喷油量二启动缸内远后喷,同时进行排气节流处理。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,其特征在于,所述后喷油量二通过以下公式计算,
式中,u2(t)为后喷油量二的控制参数;Kp为后喷油量二的控制比例系数;e(t)为温度偏差;Ti为后喷油量二积分控制时间;dt为后喷油量二积分时间;t为再生温度修正时间;de(t)为后喷油量二微分时间;T为油量偏差的微分修正时间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种双级SCR系统HC与S中毒的恢复控制方法,其特征在于,主动再生策略触发后,实时监控SCR催化器转化效率;
若再生时间间距或再生里程间距大于设定的时间阈值或里程阈值,且所述SCR催化器的当前转化效率小于相应的效率阈值,则启动OBD报警,以提醒检查尿素喷射系统或尿素溶液;
若再生时间间距或再生里程间距小于设定的时间阈值或里程阈值,且所述SCR催化器的当前转化效率大于相应的效率阈值,则启动OBD报警,以提醒加注合格燃油。
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