CN117487196B - 一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶及其一锅法制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶及其一锅法制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117487196B CN117487196B CN202311510723.1A CN202311510723A CN117487196B CN 117487196 B CN117487196 B CN 117487196B CN 202311510723 A CN202311510723 A CN 202311510723A CN 117487196 B CN117487196 B CN 117487196B
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Abstract
本发明涉及组织工程材料制备技术领域,公开一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶及其一锅法制备方法和应用,步骤如下:先用α‑酮戊二酸和原儿茶酸溶液溶解壳聚糖,然后温育形成物理交联粘附性水凝胶。该制备方法创新使用α‑酮戊二酸、原儿茶酸溶解壳聚糖,且无需对壳聚糖进行改性,省去了壳聚糖改性需要除去催化剂、交联剂等的复杂步骤,通过壳聚糖、α‑酮戊二酸、原儿茶酸之间简单的共混温育,一步形成物理交联粘附性水凝胶,实现高组织粘附性壳聚糖水凝胶的无毒、简便构建,操作方法简便,制得的水凝胶具有良好的粘附性、可自愈性、多孔结构、良好的机械性能、可降解性、生物相容性、抗菌性、抗感染性和抗氧化性能等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及物理交联粘附性水凝胶,具体涉及一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶及其一锅法制备方法及应用制备方法和应用,属于组织工程材料制备技术领域。
背景技术
壳聚糖(CS)是一种天然的阳离子多糖,存在于虾壳、蟹壳等,是一种可再生利用的资源,广泛应用于生物医用材料领域,具有良好的生物相容性、抗菌性、可降解、可凝胶化和价格低廉等优点,但壳聚糖不溶于水,只能溶于酸性溶液中,如醋酸、盐酸等。此外,壳聚糖水凝胶的形成需要化学改性或与其他功能性材料发生反应等,反应步骤多且复杂。目前,市面上使用的壳聚糖水凝胶敷料,一般使用醋酸或者盐酸溶液溶解壳聚糖,平时实验室溶解壳聚糖也主要是将冰醋酸或者盐酸加入到水溶液中形成酸性溶剂再去溶解壳聚糖。然而这些强挥发性的冰醋酸或盐酸溶液具有一定的刺激性气味,会对人体健康有影响,需要在通风橱操作,同时这也不利于细胞的生长,影响了壳聚糖及其水凝胶产品的开发应用。因此,改变壳聚糖的传统溶解方法和成胶机制,开发出一种价格低廉、步骤简便、无毒性的溶解和成胶方法,具有很好的应用价值和经济效益。
α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)是一种谷氨酸脱氨基的酮酸产物,可作为膳食补充品出售,并且是三羧酸循环中的一个重要环节,在循环中的位置为异柠檬酸之后和琥珀酰辅酶 A 之前,连接细胞内碳-氮代谢,参与机体的氧化供能和体内多种物质的化学合成,其对机体维持正常生理功能有重要作用。研究表明其可通过复杂的信号通路去调节肌肉、骨骼发育、干细胞分化、免疫和炎症反应等,可延缓细胞寿命、促进免疫功能发挥、调节糖代谢改善胰岛素敏感性并促进脂肪组织燃烧分解以治疗糖尿病、延缓脂肪细胞炎症、促进干细胞增殖与分化等。此外,研究表明,α-KA的羧基可以与组织表面的氨基形成分子间氢键或静电作用,赋予凝胶粘附性,且其是一种弱酸,故可以作为壳聚糖溶解的溶剂,不用担心残留并可发挥其生物学功能。但在组织工程材料制备中,α-KA 常被用作引发剂。目前把α-KA作为溶剂的方法仅有本发明人早先提出的、公开日为2022年11月04日、专利公开号为CN115286820A的中国发明专利申请,其公开一种光交联胶原基水凝胶及其制备方法和应用,包括以下步骤:1)将胶原蛋白均 匀溶于α-酮戊二酸;2)加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺丙烯酸酯并搅拌均匀,用NaOH溶液调节体系的pH值为中性;3)经过紫外光固化,得到胶原基水凝胶。
原儿茶酸(PCA)是一种广泛分布的天然水溶性低分子量酚酸,存在于多种可食用植物中,并具有多种药理活性,如抗炎、抗氧化、抗高血糖、抗菌、抗癌、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗哮喘、抗溃疡等。目前,PCA大多是通过偶联剂接枝在壳聚糖上形成水凝胶的,反应步骤多且复杂。
如公开日为2021年09月24日、专利公开号为CN113425893A的中国发明专利申请公开一种载药水凝胶的制备方法及其应用,其包括以下步骤:1)氧化葡聚糖的制备:在葡聚糖溶液中加入高碘酸钠粉末室温下避光反应4 h,其中葡聚糖溶液的葡聚糖单体与高碘酸钠摩尔比为1:1.5,反应结束后,滴加乙二醇终止反应,然后将反应液透析3天后,冷冻干燥待用;2)接枝原儿茶酸的明胶的制备:将明胶溶液、原儿茶酸溶液,调pH值为4-5,向明胶溶液中充入氮气30 min,同时在原儿茶酸溶液中加入交联剂活化30 min,将活化后的原儿茶酸溶液加入到明胶溶液中继续充氮气30 min,封口隔绝空气反应24 h,将反应液透析3天后,冷冻干燥得到接枝原儿茶酸的明胶;3)载药水凝胶制备:配制2%的氧化葡聚糖溶液,接枝原儿茶酸的明胶溶液,浓度梯度依次为0.6%-1.4%,然后按照体积比1:1的反应体系将其吹打均匀,通过席夫碱反应交联制备出载药水凝胶。
又如公开日为2022年07月22日、专利公开号为CN114773630A的中国发明专利申请公开一种光热杀菌的粘附性水凝胶及其制备方法与应用,其具体步骤如下:1)通过原儿茶酸(3,4-二羟基苯甲酸)对壳聚糖改性,获得具有邻苯二酚基团的壳聚糖CHI-C;2)获得聚多巴胺纳米粒子Dpa NPs分散液;3)将所述CHI-C和所述Dpa NPs分散液和β-甘油磷酸钠水溶液混匀,在生理温度下,1分钟内形成负载聚多巴胺纳米粒子的邻苯二酚改性壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠水凝胶,即Dpa-CHI-C/β-GP。
再如公开日为2022年08月30日、专利公开号为CN114957720A的中国发明专利申请公开一种自交联的抗氧化型PCA-g-CMCS/OSA席夫碱水凝胶及其制备方法,其包括如下步骤:1)制备两性电解质CMCS:通过羧甲基修饰CS得到可以在pH >6.4范围溶解的CMCS;2)制备PCA-g-CMCS抗氧化接枝物:通过碳二亚胺法将PCA接枝到CMCS上合成PCA-g-CMCS;3)制备提供大量醛基活性位点的氧化海藻酸钠(OSA)并纯化;4)制备PCA-g-CMCS/OSA水凝胶:将2)、3)制备的产物分别溶于PBS中,分别得到其溶液,并以体积比为1~10:1混合,得到湿态的PCA-g-CMCS/OSA席夫碱水凝胶,冷冻干燥后得到PCA-g-CMCS/OSA干态支架。
此外,化学反应会影响PCA的生物学效应,如CN113425893A、CN114957720A所制得的水凝胶破坏了PCA的抗菌性能,而CN114773630A所制得的水凝胶虽然具有抗菌性能,但需要近红外激光照射,才能表现出良好杀菌性能。因此,进一步探索PCA与其他化合物可能的协同效应、进而在形成水凝胶的同时保留其生物学功能,具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶及其一锅法制备方法,其以α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)和原儿茶酸(PCA)作为溶剂,无需使用冰醋酸、盐酸等刺激性酸、无需额外加入交联剂、也无需对壳聚糖进行改性、接枝等步骤,直接一步成胶的同时保留PCA的抗菌性能;进而为解决现有技术中存在的一个或多个技术问题,至少提供一种有益选择或创造条件。
本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶及其一锅法制备方法,其具体步骤如下:先用α-酮戊二酸和原儿茶酸(3,4二羟基苯甲酸,PCA)溶液溶解壳聚糖,然后温育形成物理交联粘附性水凝胶。
温育过程中,α-酮戊二酸的一部分羧基变为醛基、与壳聚糖的氨基反应,同时α-酮戊二酸的一部分羧基再与原儿茶酸的羧基形成反应,脱羧接上酚羟基,得到高粘附强度和抗菌性水凝胶。
其中,α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)和原儿茶酸(PCA)水溶液作为溶剂。
本发明中,优选所述壳聚糖(CS)的浓度为30-60mg/mL,进一步优选为30-40mg/mL。这里的浓度是指将壳聚糖均匀溶于α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)和原儿茶酸(PCA)去离子水溶液后的壳聚糖浓度。
本发明中,优选所述原儿茶酸(PCA)的浓度为10-30mg/mL,进一步优选为10-20mg/mL。这里的浓度是指将原儿茶酸均匀溶于去离子水后的原儿茶酸浓度。
本发明中,优选所述α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)的浓度为10-30mg/mL,进一步优选为10-15mg/mL。
本发明中,优选所述溶解壳聚糖后,温育的温度为 37℃-80℃,进一步优选为37℃-60℃。
本发明中,优选所述溶解壳聚糖后,温育时间为12-24 h,进一步优选为24 h。
本发明提供的一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶及其一锅法制备方法,以壳聚糖为基底材料,创新使用天然的α-酮戊二酸和原儿茶酸作为溶解壳聚糖的溶剂,解决冰醋酸、盐酸等强挥发性酸带来的刺激性及细胞毒性等,且无需对壳聚糖进行改性,省去了壳聚糖改性需要除去催化剂、交联剂等的复杂步骤,并减少原儿茶酸接枝于壳聚糖的化学反应对其生物学效应的影响,通过壳聚糖、α-酮戊二酸、原儿茶酸之间简单的共混温育,从而实现壳聚糖的无毒、简便溶解和无需改性一步成胶。
并且,利用本发明的制备方法制备物理交联粘附性水凝胶时,可以通过调节壳聚糖、α-酮戊二酸、原儿茶酸的含量来控制水凝胶成胶时间、力学强度、粘附性能、溶胀性能、降解性能、抗菌性能等,得到性能可控的物理粘附性水凝胶。
本发明提供的一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶及其一锅法制备方法,壳聚糖溶解条件温和无刺激性、并将α-酮戊二酸和原儿茶酸作为溶剂,无需额外加入引发剂、交联剂、凝胶成胶的操作步骤简便、具有多孔结构、良好的力学性能、细胞相容性、抗菌性、可降解性、生物活性和性能可控等,可作为组织工程和再生医学领域的生物医用材料,具有操作简便、高强度粘附性、可自愈性、形状适应性和生物活性等优势,手术操作性强,可自适应调控填充不同形状缺损组织部位,高强度粘合性可粘附创面无需手术缝合线缝合。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下的优点及有益效果。
1)本发明原料来源丰富且全部都属于天然材料,壳聚糖来源于虾壳蟹壳,属于可循环再生资源。α-酮戊二酸为谷氨酸脱氨基的酮酸产物,可作为膳食补充品出售,并且是弱酸。原儿茶酸存在于多种可食用植物中,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌等多种药理活性,上述两种酸作为壳聚糖的溶剂无刺激性,溶解操作简单,且无需对壳聚糖进行改性成胶,避免额外加入催化剂和交联剂所带来的成本及潜在的细胞毒性等,且α-酮戊二酸和原儿茶酸可赋予凝胶抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎、促组织再生修复等生物活性。
2)本发明中的原料α-酮戊二酸和原儿茶酸的组合可以充分发挥原儿茶酸的抗菌性能、抗感染性能,且其抗菌、抗感染性能无需经近红外激光照射就具有良好的抗菌、抗感染性能,可以赋予凝胶的高强度粘附性等。但单纯的酮戊二酸没有酚羟基,与壳聚糖反应和组织形成简单的静电作用,只能赋予水凝胶低粘附性;单纯的原儿茶酸具有酚羟基,与壳聚糖通过静电作用和氢键反应已经消耗掉一部分酚羟基,因此也只能赋予水凝胶低粘附性。
3)本发明制备得物理交联粘附性水凝胶的反应体系条件温和、操作简便和性能可控。
4)本发明可以通过调节壳聚糖、α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)、原儿茶酸(PCA)等的含量,来调控水凝胶成胶时间、力学强度、粘附性能、溶胀性能、降解性能、抗菌性能等,得到性能可控的物理粘附性水凝胶。
5)本发明制备的物理粘附性水凝胶操作简便,具有高强度粘附性、可自愈性、形状可适应。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明的物理交联粘附性水凝胶的制备流程及实体样品图。
图2所示为物理交联粘附性水凝胶的粘附性测试图。
图3所示为物理交联粘附性水凝胶自愈性图。
图4所示为物理交联粘附性水凝胶的内部形貌图。
图5所示为物理交联粘附性水凝胶的抗菌测试图。
图6所示为物理交联粘附性水凝胶促皮肤缺损组织修复图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的描述,使本发明的技术方案及其有益效果更加清楚、明确。下面描述实施例是示例性的,旨在解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述部分中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。
本发明的基本构思为:本发明人在实践研究发现,将α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)和原儿茶酸(PCA)作为溶剂可以很好地溶解壳聚糖,并且通过简单共混温育,一步成胶,得到物理交联粘附性水凝胶。温育过程中,α-酮戊二酸的一部分羧基变为醛基、与壳聚糖的氨基反应,同时α-酮戊二酸的一部分羧基再与原儿茶酸的羧基形成反应,脱羧接上酚羟基,得到高粘附强度和抗菌性水凝胶。
为了克服壳聚糖溶解于冰醋酸、盐酸等所带有的刺激性和壳聚糖需要改性接枝等的复杂步骤,本发明创新性地利用α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)和原儿茶酸(PCA)作为壳聚糖的溶解溶剂,然后一步成胶,如图1所示。这种简便的物理交联粘附水凝胶的制备方法,简化了反应步骤,制得的物理交联粘附性水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性、抗菌性和生物活性,能够为组织工程和再生医学领域的生物医用材料的制备及应用提供新的研究方向、研究基础和思路。
实施例1
将150 mg壳聚糖均匀溶解于5 mL含浓度为10 mg/mL的α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)和10mg/mL原儿茶酸的水溶液中,混合均匀后,60℃水浴过夜,得到物理交联粘附性水凝胶,命名为1%PCA,如图1。
实施例2
将150 mg壳聚糖均匀溶解于5 mL含浓度为15 mg/mL的α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)和20mg/mL原儿茶酸的水溶液中,混合均匀后,80℃水浴过夜,得到物理交联粘附性水凝胶,命名为2%PCA,如图1。
实施例3
将150 mg壳聚糖均匀溶解于5 mL浓度为10 mg/mL的α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)和30 mg/mL原儿茶酸的水溶液中,混合均匀后,40℃水浴过夜,得到物理交联粘附性水凝胶,命名为3%PCA,如图1。
性能测试。
1、物理交联粘附性水凝胶的理化性能测试。
1)物理交联粘附性水凝胶的粘附性测试。
测试方法:如图2,将制备的物理交联粘附性水凝胶贴合在纸皮、木片、金属、塑料、橡胶、猪皮等不同材质的物体上,并将其用于粘附猪皮伤口且进行扭曲、弯曲测试,观察物理交联粘附性水凝胶对猪皮伤口处的粘结强度。
由图2可知,物理交联粘附性水凝胶能有效粘附各种材质,具有很好的粘附性,且能够紧密地贴合在伤口处防止凝胶敷料的脱离。
2)凝胶自愈性测试。
测试方法:分别使用罗丹明B和亚甲基蓝对物理交联粘附性水凝胶进行染色,将染色后的水凝胶在室温下切割成两等份,然后将两个凝胶的切面小心地叠在一起,最后观察水凝胶的自愈合情况。如图3所示。
由图3可知,物理交联粘附性水凝胶的两个切面能有效粘合在一起并且自愈合修复良好,两个切面融合在一起,表明其可通过物理交联的动态性形成自愈,具有可自愈合的性能。
3)凝胶形貌观察。
将制备的物理交联粘附性水凝胶用液氮冷冻,然后用真空冷冻干燥机冷冻干燥,得到干态的物理交联粘附性水凝样品,最后用液氮对试样进行脆断,喷金,并用扫描电镜观察其横截面的内部形貌。
如图4可知,可以明显看到物理交联粘附性水凝胶的内部为多孔结构。
2、物理交联粘附性水凝胶的抗菌性能测试。
将物理交联粘附性水凝胶分别与大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌共培养,观察其对两种菌的抑制生长效果。
如图5,可以到物理交联粘附性水凝胶可以有效抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,具有很好的抗菌性能。
3、物理交联粘附性水凝胶的皮肤缺损组织修复动物实验。
在小鼠的背部进行全层皮肤缺损造模,将空白对照、物理交联粘附性水凝胶和商品化产品用于全层皮肤缺损修复,观察其生物相容性和组织修复性能等。
如图6可知,可以看到本发明制得的凝胶没有明显的毒性,1%PCA凝胶组可以有效促进全层皮肤缺损的再生修复。
需要说明的是,以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。具体实施例中未阐述的部分均为现有技术或公知常识。
另外需要说明的是,在本发明的描述中,参选以上本发明的优选实施方法的详述以及包括的实施例可更容易地理解本发明的内容。除非另有限定,本发明使用的所有技术以及科学术语具有与本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。当存在矛盾时,以本说明书中的定义为准。
在本发明中,所用术语“由…制备”与“包含”同义。本发明中所用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”或其任何其它变形,意在覆盖非排它性的包括。例如,包含所列要素的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置不必仅限于那些要素,而是可以包括未明确列出的其它要素或此种组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置所固有的要素。
在本发明中,当量、浓度、或者其它值或参数以范围、优选范围、或一系列上限优选值和下限优选值限定的范围表示时,这应当被理解为具体公开了由任何范围上限或优选值与任何范围下限或优选值的任一配对所形成的所有范围,而不论该范围是否单独公开了。例如,当公开了范围“1至5”时,所描述的范围应被解释为包括范围“1至4”、“1至3”、“1至2”、“1至2和4至5”、“1至3和5”等。当数值范围在本发明中被描述时,除非另外说明,否则该范围意图包括其端值和在该范围内的所有整数和分数。
此外,本发明要素或组分前的不定冠词“一种”和“一个”对要素或组分的数量要求(即出现次数)无限制性。因此“一个”或“一种”应被解读为包括一个或至少一个,并且单数形式的要素或组分也包括复数形式,除非所述数量明显旨指单数形式。
Claims (6)
1.一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶的一锅法制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:先用α-酮戊二酸和原儿茶酸的水溶液为溶剂溶解壳聚糖,然后温育形成物理交联粘附性水凝胶;温育过程中,α-酮戊二酸的一部分羧基变为醛基与壳聚糖的氨基反应,同时α-酮戊二酸的一部分羧基再与原儿茶酸的羧基形成反应,接上酚羟基,得到高粘附强度和抗菌性水凝胶;
所述温育温度为37℃-80℃,温育时长为12-24h;
所述α-酮戊二酸和原儿茶酸的水溶液中,α-酮戊二酸的浓度为10-30 mg/mL,原儿茶酸的浓度为10-30mg/mL;
壳聚糖的溶解量为30-60 mg/mL。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶的一锅法制备方法,其特征在于,所述α-酮戊二酸和原儿茶酸的水溶液中,α-酮戊二酸的浓度为10-15 mg/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶的一锅法制备方法,其特征在于,所述α-酮戊二酸和原儿茶酸的水溶液中,原儿茶酸的浓度为10-20mg/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶的一锅法制备方法,其特征在于,壳聚糖的溶解量为30-40 mg/mL。
5.一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶,其特征在于,利用如权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶的一锅法制备方法制得。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种物理交联粘附性水凝胶在生物医用材料领域中的应用。
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