CN117433421B - Multi-geometric-quantity deep hole measuring instrument based on microscope and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-geometric-quantity deep hole measuring instrument based on microscope and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117433421B CN117433421B CN202311759855.8A CN202311759855A CN117433421B CN 117433421 B CN117433421 B CN 117433421B CN 202311759855 A CN202311759855 A CN 202311759855A CN 117433421 B CN117433421 B CN 117433421B
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of deep hole detection, and in particular relates to a microscope-based multi-geometric-quantity deep hole measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof, wherein the measuring instrument comprises a supporting base and a measuring instrument body, the supporting base is used for arranging a workpiece to be measured, one end of the supporting base extends upwards, a push rod is arranged on an extending section of the supporting base, and the push rod is used for pushing the measuring instrument body to enter a deep hole of the workpiece to be measured; the measuring instrument body comprises a self-centering mechanism and a detection mechanism; the self-centering mechanism comprises a lining, a push rod, a compression spring and a support bar, and the detection mechanism comprises an angle sensor, a motor, a microscope tube seat and a microscope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of deep hole detection, and particularly relates to a multi-geometric-quantity deep hole measuring instrument based on a microscope and a measuring method thereof.
Background
With the vigorous development of the current manufacturing industry, the processing technology requirement of higher precision is put forward for the hole parts, so the requirement on the detection precision is also improved. For deep holes, the detection difficulty is great, and the detection has great challenges in terms of accuracy requirements or detection speed. For the deep hole processing and detection field, more precise instruments are urgently needed, and high-precision detection is always a future development trend no matter the quality of products is guaranteed or the technology is advanced.
Currently, deep hole detection tends to be integrated, high in precision and efficiency, and various detection modes exist in industry, including contact type and non-contact type, and deep hole detection in the prior art has the following disadvantages:
1. for contact type deep hole detection, the method is generally only suitable for measurement of single geometric quantity, the measurement speed is low, the efficiency is low, and the method can damage the surface to be detected due to abrasion caused by the contact with the surface to be detected, influence the measurement accuracy and reduce the service life of the instrument.
2. The non-contact detection is mostly based on photoelectric technology, and common non-contact detection includes industrial endoscopes, laser-camera detection and other methods. The endoscope detection is mainly suitable for visual detection of deep hole internal morphology such as scratches, rusts, surface roughness and the like, and accurate quantitative detection of deep hole straightness, inner diameter, roundness, cylindricity and the like cannot be performed. Although the accuracy of detection by using a laser-camera is improved, the detection can be performed on the inner diameter and roundness of the deep hole with high accuracy, but the detection range is limited, the appearance characteristics of the inner wall of the deep hole cannot be presented, and scratches, rust spots and the like in the hole cannot be measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects existing in the prior art, and solves the technical problems that: a multi-geometry deep hole measuring instrument based on a microscope and a measuring method thereof are provided for measuring multi-geometry and internal looks of deep holes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the multi-geometric-element deep hole measuring instrument based on the microscope comprises a supporting base and a measuring instrument body, wherein the supporting base is used for setting a workpiece to be measured, one end of the supporting base extends upwards, a push rod is arranged on an extending section of the supporting base, and the push rod is used for pushing the measuring instrument body into a deep hole of the workpiece to be measured; the measuring instrument body comprises a self-centering mechanism and a detection mechanism;
the self-centering mechanism comprises a lining, an ejector rod, a compression spring and a supporting bar, and the lining is connected with the push rod through a universal joint; the ejector rod is arranged at the center of the lining, a plurality of conical tables are axially arranged on the ejector rod, a plurality of supporting bars are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the lining, a plurality of convex bars which penetrate through the lining and extend towards the axis of the lining are arranged on the supporting bars, the compression springs are used for pushing the ejector rod to move towards the direction of entering the deep hole, and a plurality of bayonets for limiting the conical tables are formed at the end parts of the convex bars on each supporting bar;
the detection mechanism comprises an angle sensor, a motor, a microscope tube seat and a microscope, wherein a shell of the angle sensor is fixedly arranged on the lining, and a rotating shaft of the angle sensor is coaxially arranged with the lining and is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the motor; the shell of the motor is fixedly connected with the inner liner, and the rotating shaft is also coaxially and fixedly connected with the microscope tube seat; the microscope tube seat is connected with the inner lining through a bearing; the microscope is obliquely arranged on the microscope tube seat and used for imaging the interior of the workpiece to be detected.
The self-centering mechanism further comprises a first end cover and a second end cover, one end of the lining is fixedly connected with the first end cover, and the other end of the lining is fixedly connected with the second end cover;
the detection mechanism further comprises a pyramid prism and a straightness detection frame; the straightness accuracy detection frame is fixed to be set up on supporting the base, straightness accuracy detection frame includes the support body, fixedly on the support body be provided with laser emitter, photosensitive sensor, distancer, pyramid prism is fixed to be set up on the second end cover for the laser signal of reflection laser emitter transmission, photosensitive sensor are used for measuring the laser signal position deviation of reflection, and laser signal position deviation is used for calculating and obtains deep hole straightness accuracy.
The support base is fixedly provided with two V-shaped blocks for supporting a workpiece to be tested, and the bottom of the lining is fixedly provided with two ball type anti-rotation devices;
the detection mechanism further comprises a coupler, and the rotating shaft of the angle sensor is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the motor through the coupler.
The end part of the convex rod is hemispherical, the truncated cone is in a truncated cone shape, and one surface of the support bar, which is close to the inner wall of the deep hole, is an arc surface; the push rod is a square rod, and a square hole for the push rod to pass through is formed in the extension section of the support base.
Four supporting bars are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the lining, two convex bars are arranged on each supporting bar, and two cone tables are arranged on the ejector rod.
A platform plate is arranged in the lining, and a stepped through hole is arranged in the center of the platform plate;
one end of the ejector rod is arranged in the first end cover, the other end of the ejector rod is arranged at one end of the stepped through hole in a clearance mode, and the shell of the angle sensor is fixedly arranged at the other end of the stepped through hole through interference fit.
The compression spring is arranged between the first end cover and the nearest cone frustum;
the lining is also provided with a boss, and the boss is used for limiting the bearing axially together with the second end cover.
The detection mechanism further comprises a light source; the light source is an annular laser source arranged at the periphery of the microscope tube seat and used for forming a laser ring on the inner wall of the deep hole;
the connecting line of the edge of the second end cover and the laser ring is arranged on the focal plane of the microscope and is perpendicular to the observation direction of the microscope.
In addition, the invention also provides a measuring method of the multi-geometric-quantity deep hole measuring instrument based on a microscope, which comprises the following steps:
step one: measuring the distance a between the edge of the second end cover and the laser ring through a microscope, and calculating the distance b between the edge of the second end cover and the inner wall of the deep hole according to the inclination angle theta of the microscope, wherein the calculation formula is b=a.cos theta;
step two: the microscope tube seat and the microscope are driven by the motor to rotate for a circle, and the distances between a plurality of sampling points on the inner wall of the deep hole and the second end cover are obtained through detection;
step three: determining a plurality of sampling point coordinates of the inner wall of the deep hole through the radius of the second end cover and the rotation angle of the motor, and performing fitting calculation according to the sampling point coordinates to obtain the inner diameter and roundness of the inner wall of the deep hole;
step four: pushing the measuring instrument body into deep holes of a workpiece to be measured by a push rod, repeating the steps one to three to obtain deep hole cylindricity, collecting position information of returned laser at different measuring depths by a photosensitive sensor, and performing minimum circle fitting to obtain deep hole straightness.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a microscope-based multi-geometric-element deep hole measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof, wherein the self-centering elastic structure formed by a lining, a push rod, a compression spring and a support bar can realize the self-centering of the measuring instrument, and the measuring precision of a detecting mechanism is improved; the microscope is used for amplifying the distance between the standard component and the hole wall, and the pyramid prism, the laser emitter and the photosensitive sensor are matched to realize the detection of the inner diameter, roundness, cylindricity, straightness and other geometric quantities of the deep hole, so that the precision and the efficiency of the deep hole detection are improved.
2. The invention determines the detection posture of the measuring instrument by the cooperation of the angle sensor and the laser range finder, can realize the circumferential real-time detection of any section of the inner wall of the deep hole, and has simple structure and convenient operation.
3. The second end cover is arranged as a high-precision standard component, so that the displacement and the fastening device of the bearing can be limited, and the second end cover can be used as a reference standard for detecting the inner diameter, thereby simplifying the structure and improving the detection precision.
4. The motor adopts a structure with double output shafts, and transmits energy to the angle rotation sensor and the microscope tube seat, so that synchronous movement of the three is realized, and detection is more accurate.
In summary, the invention provides a microscope-based multi-geometric-quantity deep hole measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof, which can realize multi-geometric-quantity detection of deep holes, and have the advantages of high detection precision, simple structure and convenient operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-geometry deep hole measuring instrument based on a microscope according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of A-A of a workpiece to be measured and its internal configuration;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of an extension of a support base in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a straightness detection rack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical path for straightness detection in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of inner diameter detection in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of straightness detection in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-push rod; 2-universal joints; 3-supporting a base; 4-a first wire through hole; 5-lining; 6-V-shaped blocks; 7-a workpiece to be measured; 8-second wire through holes; 9-supporting bars; 10-third wire through holes; 11-a second end cap; 12-pyramid prisms; 13-microscope tube holder; 14-a microscope; 15-a light source; 16-bearings; 17-an electric motor; 18-an electrical slip ring; 19-a coupling; 20-an angle sensor; 21-ejector rod; 22-compressing a spring; 23-ball anti-rotation device; 24-a first end cap; 25-baffle plates; 26-a laser adjusting frame; 27-a laser emitter; 28-a photosensitive sensor; 29-distance measuring instrument; 30-a laser ring; 31-truncated cone; 32-a convex rod; 33-a straightness detection frame; 34-boss; 35-compression spring coils.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a microscope-based multi-geometric deep hole measuring instrument, which comprises a supporting base 3 and a measuring instrument body, wherein the supporting base 3 is used for arranging a workpiece 7 to be measured, one end of the supporting base extends upwards, a push rod 1 is arranged on the extending section of the supporting base, and the push rod 1 is used for pushing the measuring instrument body into a deep hole of the workpiece 7 to be measured. Specifically, the meter body includes a self-centering mechanism and a detection mechanism.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the self-centering mechanism comprises a lining 5, a push rod 21, a compression spring 22 and a support bar 9, wherein the lining 5 is connected with the push rod 1 through a universal joint 2; the ejector rod 21 is arranged in the center of the lining 5, a plurality of truncated cones 31 are axially arranged on the ejector rod 21, a plurality of supporting rods 9 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the lining 5, a plurality of protruding rods 32 extending towards the axis through the lining 5 are arranged on the supporting rods 9, the compression springs 22 are used for pushing the ejector rod 21 to move towards the direction of entering the deep holes, and a plurality of bayonets for limiting the truncated cones 31 are formed at the end parts of the protruding rods 32 on each supporting rod 9.
Further, as shown in fig. 1-2, in this embodiment, the end of the protruding rod 32 is hemispherical, the truncated cone 31 is in a truncated cone shape, and one surface of the supporting bar 9 near the inner wall of the deep hole is an arc surface matched with the inner wall of the deep hole.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the self-centering mechanism further includes a first end cover 24 and a second end cover 11, one end of the liner 5 is fixedly connected with the first end cover 24, and the other end is fixedly connected with the second end cover 11; a platform plate is arranged in the lining 5, and a stepped through hole is arranged in the center of the platform plate; one end of the push rod 21 is disposed in the first end cover 24, specifically, may be connected by a square hole or a spline, the other end is disposed at one end of the stepped through hole, and the housing of the angle sensor 20 is fixedly disposed at the other end of the stepped through hole through interference fit.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, four support bars 9 are symmetrically disposed on the outer side of the liner 5, as shown in fig. 1, two convex bars 32 are disposed on each support bar 9, and two truncated cones 31 are disposed on the ejector rod 21.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the compression spring 22 is disposed between the first end cap 24 and the nearest truncated cone 31.
In this embodiment, the second end cap 11 is screwed to the inner liner 5. The self-centering mechanism utilizes the principle of a honing head, the ejector rod 21 is respectively extruded with hemispherical jacks on four support strips 9 which are uniformly distributed and symmetrical mutually through the compression spring 22, the support strips 9 and the inner wall of a workpiece 7 to be detected are mutually contacted and extruded to achieve the purpose of centering, the ejector rod 21 mainly moves axially, in order to prevent the micro deflection of the inner liner 5, the ejector rod 21 is connected with the first end cover 24 through square holes or splines, the processing and the installation are convenient, in addition, in order to enable the support strips 9 to work stably and avoid uneven stress from generating offset inclination, a compression spring ring 35 can be sleeved on concave grooves at the two ends of the support strips 9 respectively, and the length direction of the compression spring ring 35 is along the direction of the annular inner wall of the workpiece 7 to be detected, so that each support strip 9 is connected.
As shown in fig. 1, the detection mechanism includes an angle sensor 20, a motor 17, a microscope tube seat 13, and a microscope 14, wherein a housing of the angle sensor 20 is fixedly arranged on the inner liner 5, and a rotation axis of the angle sensor is coaxially arranged with the inner liner 5 and is fixedly connected with a rotation axis of the motor 17; the shell of the motor 17 is fixedly connected with the inner liner 5, and the rotating shaft is also coaxially and fixedly connected with the microscope tube seat 13; the microscope tube seat 13 is connected with the inner liner 5 through a bearing 16; the microscope 14 is arranged on the microscope tube holder 13 in an inclined manner, the inclination angle of which can be adjusted, for imaging the interior of the workpiece 7 to be measured. The bearing 16 not only can support the microscope tube seat 13, but also can enable the microscope tube seat 13 to rotate more stably and uniformly, and measurement accuracy is improved.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the motor 17 is a double-output-shaft motor, and the rotation shafts thereof are fastened to the rotation shafts of the microscope stem 13 and the angle sensor 20, respectively. Specifically, in this embodiment, the microscope 14 is a 4K industrial high-definition microscope, which can amplify high power, can clearly observe internal damage of a deep hole, has an amplifying and measuring function, and can measure the size of a picture photographed in a lens with high precision.
Further, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the detecting mechanism further includes a coupling 19, and the rotation shaft of the angle sensor 20 is fixedly connected with the rotation shaft of the motor 17 through the coupling 19.
In this embodiment, the left side of the microscope tube seat 13 is fastened and driven with the output shaft on the right side of the motor 17, the coupling 19 connects the other output shaft of the motor 17 with the rotation shaft of the angle measurement sensor 20, so that the rotation of the output shaft of the motor 17 can be transmitted to the angle measurement sensor 20 and the microscope tube seat 13, the microscope 14 is mounted on the microscope tube seat 13, and then the motor drives the rotation shaft of the angle sensor 20, the microscope tube seat 13 and the microscope 14 to rotate synchronously; the motor 17 shell is fixed with the platform plate on the lining 5 through bolts, and the shell of the angle sensor 20 is fixed on the platform plate in an interference fit mode, so that the motor 17 shell and the shell of the angle sensor 20 are relatively static, and the angle sensor 20 can measure the rotation angle of the microscope 14 in real time. The angle measuring instrument can distinguish 0.1 degree rotation, and can accurately identify the rotation direction of the microscope.
Further, in this embodiment, the liner 5 is further provided with a boss 34, and the boss 34 is used to axially limit the bearing 16 together with the second end cover 11, so as to prevent the left-right offset inclination of the bearing 16 from affecting the measurement effect.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the push rod 1 is a square rod, and a square hole through which the push rod 1 passes is provided on the extension section of the support base 3. Specifically, be provided with the rectangular hole on the extension of supporting base 3, push rod 1 inserts in the hole after, fixes in the downthehole through baffle 25, and the cooperation of square hole and universal joint can restrict the radial rotation of detector body on the one hand, on the other hand makes from centering mechanism can remain the concentric state with the deep hole all the time.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the multi-geometry deep hole measuring instrument based on a microscope of the present embodiment, the detecting mechanism further includes a pyramid prism 12 and a straightness detection frame 33; the straightness detection frame 33 is fixedly provided on the support base 3.
As shown in fig. 4, the straightness detection rack 33 includes a rack body 26, a laser emitter 27, a photosensitive sensor 28, and a distance meter 29 are fixedly disposed on the rack body 26, the pyramid prism 12 is fixedly disposed on the second end cover 11, and is used for reflecting laser signals emitted by the laser emitter 27, the photosensitive sensor 28 is used for measuring reflected laser signal position offset, and the laser signal position offset is used for calculating deep hole straightness.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, after the laser signal emitted by the laser emitter 27 is reflected by the corner cube 12, the laser signal returns to the straightness detection rack 33 parallel to the original direction and is received by the photosensor 28, and the photosensor 28 adopts a two-dimensional psd position sensor, so that the position information of the returned light can be collected. When the angle of the measuring instrument body at different positions in the deep hole has a trace deviation under the influence of the straightness of the workpiece to be measured, the straightness information of the deep hole can be obtained by collecting the position information of the returned laser at different measuring depths. Specifically, the minimum circle fitting may be performed by using the positions of the returned laser light at different measurement depths, as shown in fig. 6, where the black point is a position signal received by the photosensitive sensor 28 when measuring different depths, and when the straightness of the deep hole is better, the smaller the position deviation of the returned laser light at different measurement depths is, the smaller the diameter of the minimum circle obtained by the fitting is, and in this embodiment, the diameter of the minimum circle is obtained by the fitting as the straightness in any direction of the deep hole.
Further, the rangefinder 29 can detect the axial position of the microscope 14 in real time, and thus the microscope can detect the entire annular bore wall at the axially fixed point position of the borehole.
Further, in this embodiment, two V-shaped blocks 6 for supporting the workpiece 7 to be measured are fixedly disposed on the supporting base 3.
Further, in this embodiment, two ball-type anti-rotation devices 23 are fixedly disposed at the bottom of the liner 5; the ball type anti-rotation device 23 is designed according to the basic principle of a tumbler and comprises a circular arc-shaped groove fixed at the bottom of the liner 5, wherein the arc shape of the groove is along the circumferential direction of the liner, steel balls are arranged in the groove, and when the whole measuring instrument body slightly rotates and deviates around the axis, the steel balls in the groove roll in the opposite direction of the deviation under the influence of the gravity center, so that the self-correcting effect is achieved.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the detection mechanism further includes a light source 15; the light source 15 is an annular laser source arranged at the periphery of the microscope tube seat 13, and is used for forming a laser ring 30 on the inner wall of the deep hole; the connection line between the edge of the second end cover 11 and the laser ring 30 is on the focal plane of the microscope 14 and is perpendicular to the observation direction (inclination angle θ) of the microscope 14.
Further, the method for measuring the multi-geometry deep hole measuring instrument based on the microscope according to the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one: the distance a between the edge of the second end cover 11 and the laser ring is measured by a microscope 14, and the distance b between the inner wall of the deep hole and the edge of the second end cover 11 is calculated according to the inclination angle theta of the microscope.
As shown in fig. 7, the connection line between the edge of the second end cover 11 and the laser ring 30 is on the focal plane of the microscope 14, perpendicular to the field of view of the microscope 14, and the inclination angle of the microscope 14 is θ, at this time, a clear image is taken by the microscope 14, and the distance a between the edge of the second end cover 11 and the laser ring can be measured by the high-precision detection function of the microscope 14, and according to the geometric conversion, the distance b between the edge of the second end cover 11 and the wall of the deep hole is known as:
b=a·cosθ；（1）
in this embodiment, the inclination angle θ of the microscope 14 can be adjusted in real time, and the inclination angle θ is completely known in the adjustment process, so that the distance b between the edge of the second end cover 11 and the wall of the deep hole can be obtained by the formula (1), and the inner diameter and roundness of the inner wall of the deep hole can be obtained by rotating for one turn.
Step two: the microscope tube seat 13 and the microscope 14 are driven by the motor 17 to rotate for one circle, and the distances between a plurality of sampling points on the inner wall of the deep hole and the edge of the second end cover 11 are detected. Wherein, the sampling points can be evenly distributed along the circumference, and the sampling quantity can be specifically set.
Step three: and determining a plurality of sampling point coordinates of the inner wall of the deep hole through the radius of the second end cover 11 and the rotation angle of the motor 17, and carrying out fitting calculation according to the sampling point coordinates to obtain the inner diameter and roundness of the inner wall of the deep hole.
Step four: pushing the measuring instrument body into deep holes of the workpiece 7 to be measured by the push rod 1, repeating the steps one to three to obtain the cylindricity of the deep holes, collecting position information of returned laser under different measuring depths by the photosensitive sensor 28, and performing minimum circle fitting to obtain the straightness of the deep holes.
Further, in this embodiment, the electrical slip ring 18 is further included, the microscope tube seat 13 is provided with a third wire through hole 10, the platform plate is provided with a second wire through hole 8, and the first end cover 24 is provided with a first wire through hole 4. The electric slip ring 18 is mounted on the motor 17 housing, which motor 17 housing is fixed to the liner 5 against rotation. The outer ring of the electric slip ring 18 rotates with the rotating shaft of the motor 17 and the inner ring is fixed with the housing of the motor 17. The wiring of the microscope 14 is led out through the third wire through hole 10 arranged on the microscope tube seat 13 and then enters the outer ring of the electric slip ring 18, then is led out through the inner ring of the electric slip ring 18, passes through the platform plate from the second wire through hole 8, and is led out of the measuring instrument body through the first wire through hole 4 arranged on the first end cover 24, so that the winding problem of the internal circuit of the measuring instrument body can be avoided through the electric slip ring 18 and the three wire through holes. The external laser transmitter, the photosensitive sensor and the power line of the range finder are simply connected without considering wiring. The light source 15 may be battery powered without wiring.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The multi-geometric-element deep hole measuring instrument based on the microscope is characterized by comprising a supporting base (3) and a measuring instrument body, wherein the supporting base (3) is used for arranging a workpiece (7) to be measured, one end of the supporting base (3) extends upwards, a push rod (1) is arranged on the extending section of the supporting base, and the push rod (1) is used for pushing the measuring instrument body into a deep hole of the workpiece (7) to be measured; the measuring instrument body comprises a self-centering mechanism and a detection mechanism;
the self-centering mechanism comprises a lining (5), a push rod (21), a second end cover (11), a compression spring (22) and a support bar (9), wherein the lining (5) is connected with the push rod (1) through a universal joint (2); the ejector rod (21) is arranged at the center of the lining (5), a plurality of truncated cones (31) are axially arranged on the ejector rod (21), a plurality of supporting bars (9) are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the lining (5), a plurality of protruding rods (32) penetrating through the lining (5) and extending towards the axis of the lining (5) are arranged on the supporting bars (9), the compression springs (22) are used for pushing the ejector rod (21) to move towards the direction of entering the deep hole, and a plurality of bayonets for limiting the truncated cones (31) are formed at the end parts of the protruding rods (32) on each supporting bar (9);
the detection mechanism comprises an angle sensor (20), a motor (17), a microscope tube seat (13) and a microscope (14), wherein a shell of the angle sensor (20) is fixedly arranged on the lining (5), and a rotating shaft of the angle sensor (20) is coaxially arranged with the lining (5) and fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the motor (17); the shell of the motor (17) is fixedly connected with the lining (5), and the rotating shaft of the motor (17) is coaxially and fixedly connected with the microscope tube seat (13); the microscope tube seat (13) is connected with the lining (5) through a bearing (16); the microscope (14) is obliquely arranged on the microscope tube seat (13) and is used for imaging the interior of the workpiece (7) to be detected;
the detection mechanism further comprises a pyramid prism (12) and a straightness detection frame (33); the straightness detection frame (33) is fixedly arranged on the support base (3), the straightness detection frame (33) comprises a frame body (26), a laser emitter (27), a photosensitive sensor (28) and a range finder (29) are fixedly arranged on the frame body (26), the pyramid prism (12) is fixedly arranged on the second end cover (11) and used for reflecting laser signals emitted by the laser emitter (27), the photosensitive sensor (28) is used for measuring the position deviation of the reflected laser signals, and the position deviation of the laser signals is used for calculating the straightness of a deep hole;
the detection mechanism further comprises a light source (15); the light source (15) is an annular laser source arranged on the periphery of the microscope tube seat (13) and is used for forming a laser ring (30) on the inner wall of the deep hole; the connecting line of the edge of the second end cover (11) and the laser ring (30) is arranged on the focal plane of the microscope (14) and is perpendicular to the observation direction of the microscope (14).
2. The microscope-based multi-geometry deep hole gauge of claim 1, wherein the self-centering mechanism further comprises a first end cap (24), one end of the liner (5) is fixedly connected to the first end cap (24), and the other end is fixedly connected to the second end cap (11).
3. The microscope-based multi-geometry deep hole measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein two V-shaped blocks (6) for supporting a workpiece (7) to be measured are fixedly arranged on the supporting base (3), and two ball type anti-rotation devices (23) are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the lining (5);
the detection mechanism further comprises a coupler (19), and the rotating shaft of the angle sensor (20) is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the motor (17) through the coupler (19).
4. The microscope-based multi-geometry deep hole measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the end of the convex rod (32) is hemispherical, the truncated cone (31) is in a truncated cone shape, and one surface of the supporting bar (9) close to the inner wall of the deep hole is an arc surface; the push rod (1) is a square rod, and a square hole for the push rod (1) to pass through is formed in the extending section of the supporting base (3).
5. The microscope-based multi-geometry deep hole measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein four supporting bars (9) are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the lining (5), two convex bars (32) are arranged on each supporting bar (9), and two cone tables (31) are arranged on the ejector rod (21).
6. A microscope-based multi-geometry deep hole gauge according to claim 2, characterized in that a platform plate is provided in the liner (5), the platform plate being centrally provided with a stepped through hole;
one end of the ejector rod (21) is arranged in the first end cover (24), the other end of the ejector rod is arranged at one end of the stepped through hole in a clearance mode, and the shell of the angle sensor (20) is fixedly arranged at the other end of the stepped through hole through interference fit.
7. A microscope-based multi-geometry deep hole gauge according to claim 2, characterized in that the compression spring (22) is arranged between the first end cap (24) and the nearest one of the truncated cones (31);
the lining (5) is also provided with a boss (34), and the boss (34) is used for axially limiting the bearing (16) together with the second end cover (11).
8. The method for measuring a multi-geometry deep hole gauge based on a microscope according to claim 2, comprising the steps of:
step one: measuring the distance a between the edge of the second end cover (11) and the laser ring through a microscope (14), and calculating the distance b between the edge of the second end cover (11) and the inner wall of the deep hole according to the inclination angle theta of the microscope, wherein the calculation formula is b=a·cos theta;
step two: the microscope tube seat (13) and the microscope (14) are driven to rotate for one circle by the motor (17), and the distances between a plurality of sampling points on the inner wall of the deep hole and the edge of the second end cover (11) are detected;
step three: determining a plurality of sampling point coordinates of the inner wall of the deep hole through the radius of the second end cover (11) and the rotation angle of the motor (17), and carrying out fitting calculation according to the sampling point coordinates to obtain the inner diameter and roundness of the inner wall of the deep hole;
step four: pushing the measuring instrument body into deep holes of a workpiece (7) to be measured by the push rod (1), repeating the steps one to three to obtain deep hole cylindricity, collecting position information of returned laser under different measuring depths by the photosensitive sensor (28), and performing minimum circle fitting to obtain deep hole straightness.
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| CN117781909B (en) * | 2024-02-27 | 2024-04-26 | 中北大学 | Deep hole measuring device and measuring method |
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