CN117433248A - Liquid air energy storage cogeneration system and method based on compressed heat classified storage - Google Patents
Liquid air energy storage cogeneration system and method based on compressed heat classified storage Download PDFInfo
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 8
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01B23/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
Abstract
The invention relates to a liquid air energy storage cogeneration system and a method based on compressed heat hierarchical storage, wherein the system comprises the following steps: the air compression and liquefaction loop is used for compressing purified air in a grading manner, storing compression heat generated by the air in a grading manner through heat exchange fluid, and cooling and depressurizing the compressed air to obtain liquid air; and the liquid air expansion power generation loop is used for carrying out machine expansion power generation after the liquid air is pressurized and heated. The invention realizes the compression heat classified storage and the system thermoelectric separation storage through the classified compression heat exchange, utilizes the heat generated by compression, improves the energy utilization efficiency, simultaneously utilizes the low-grade heat energy in the air compression process to heat the user, and utilizes the high-grade heat energy in the air compression process to generate power for the system, thereby effectively separating the heat energy required by the system heating and the power generation, and ensuring that the two heat energies are not mutually influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid air energy storage, in particular to a liquid air energy storage cogeneration system and method based on compressed heat grading storage.
Background
The liquid air energy storage technology is a cryogenic energy storage technology which uses liquid air or nitrogen as an energy storage medium. During the electricity consumption valley period, the electricity is stored in the form of liquid air; in the electricity consumption peak period, the liquid air is pressurized by a booster pump, and the low-temperature cold energy is recovered and stored to drive an air turbine to do work and generate electricity. The liquid air energy storage has the characteristics of high energy storage density, short response time, environmental friendliness, low leveling energy storage cost (LCOE), no limitation of geographical conditions and the like, and is widely paid attention to.
The liquid air energy storage system generally recovers and stores all stages of compression heat in the same heat storage tank in a unified way, on one hand, the grades of the compression heat at all stages are different, and the simple recovery and storage can lead to the reduction of the grade of the compression heat, so that the air generating capacity is reduced; on the other hand, the heat of compression in the liquid air storage is usually excessive, and the total heat is used for air power generation, which results in a reduction in heat energy utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a liquid air energy storage cogeneration system and a method based on compressed heat hierarchical storage, which realize the compressed heat hierarchical storage and the system thermoelectric separate storage through hierarchical compression heat exchange, utilize the heat generated by compression, improve the energy utilization efficiency, simultaneously utilize the low-grade heat energy of the air compression process to heat users, utilize the high-grade heat energy of the air compression process to generate power for the system, and effectively separate the heat energy required by the system heating and the power generation without influencing each other.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat staged storage, comprising: the air compression and liquefaction loop is used for compressing purified air in a grading manner, storing compression heat generated by the air in a grading manner through heat exchange fluid, and cooling and depressurizing the compressed air to obtain liquid air; and the liquid air expansion power generation loop is used for carrying out machine expansion power generation after the liquid air is pressurized and heated.
Further, the air compression liquefaction loop at least comprises a compression cooling structure, an air liquefaction unit, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid air storage tank and a heat energy grading storage device which are connected in series in two stages; each stage of compression cooling structure comprises a compressor and a cooler which are connected in series; after compressed and cooled by compressors and coolers in each stage of compression cooling structure, the purified air is sequentially input into an air liquefying unit and a gas-liquid separator, high-pressure low-temperature air formed after the air liquefying unit performs liquefying treatment is separated from liquid air by the gas-liquid separator, the liquid air is transmitted to a liquid air storage tank for storage for standby, and the gas returns to an inlet of the first stage of compression cooling structure and is used as input gas together with the purified air; and coolers in each stage of compression cooling structure are respectively connected with a heat energy hierarchical storage device, so that heat energy released by the coolers in each stage of compression cooling structure is stored in a hierarchical manner.
Further, a throttle valve is arranged between the air liquefying unit and the gas-liquid separator.
Further, the thermal energy staged storage device comprises at least one medium temperature storage tank, a normal temperature storage tank and a high temperature storage tank; the number of the medium-temperature storage tanks is N-1, and N is the total number of stages of the compression cooling structure; the outlet end of each medium-temperature storage tank is respectively connected with the second inlet end of the cooler in the front N-1 stage compression cooling structure, and the inlet end of each medium-temperature storage tank is respectively connected with the second outlet end of the cooler in the front N-1 stage compression cooling structure; the outlet end of the normal-temperature storage tank is connected with the second inlet end of the cooler in the final-stage compression cooling structure, and the inlet end of the high-temperature storage tank is connected with the second outlet end of the cooler in the final-stage compression cooling structure; the inlet end of the normal temperature storage tank and the outlet end of the high temperature storage tank are connected with the liquid air expansion power generation loop, the high temperature storage tank provides heat energy for the liquid air expansion power generation loop to perform expansion power generation, and the normal temperature storage tank recovers heat exchange fluid after releasing heat.
Further, the outlet ends of the medium-temperature storage tanks are respectively provided with a first circulating pump; the outlet end of the normal temperature storage tank is provided with a second circulating pump.
Further, the heat exchange fluid in the medium-temperature storage tank is water; the heat exchange fluid in the normal temperature storage tank and the high temperature storage tank is heat conduction oil, pressurized water or molten salt.
Further, the liquid air expansion power generation loop comprises an evaporator and at least two stages of expansion power generation structures connected in series, wherein each stage of expansion power generation structure comprises a heater and an expander connected in series; after the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage tank is subjected to liquid-air phase change through the evaporator, the generated high-pressure air is sequentially input into each stage of expansion power generation structure; the heat energy stored in the high-temperature storage tank in the heat energy hierarchical storage device is also respectively input into the heaters in each stage of expansion power generation structure, and expansion power generation is carried out together with high-pressure air; and the normal-temperature fluid output by an outlet generated by a heater in each stage of expansion power generation structure is transmitted to a normal-temperature storage tank in the heat energy hierarchical storage device.
Further, a cryopump is disposed between the outlet end of the liquid air reservoir and the inlet end of the evaporator.
A cogeneration method based on the liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat hierarchical storage, comprising: an air compression liquefaction process and a liquid air expansion power generation process; the air compression liquefaction process occurs in the grid valley period, and the liquid air expansion power generation process occurs in the grid peak period.
Further, the air compression liquefaction process occurs during grid off-peak hours, including: the purified air is compressed to medium pressure through a front N-1 stage compression cooling structure, medium-pressure air is generated, medium-grade heat energy is released, and N represents the total stage number of the compression cooling structure; the medium-pressure air is compressed to high pressure through a final stage compression cooling structure in sequence, high-pressure air is generated, and high-grade heat energy is released; the high-pressure air enters the air liquefying unit to reduce the temperature of the high-pressure air, and enters the gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation after depressurization, the separated gas part and the purified air enter the primary compression cooling structure again, and the separated liquid air enters the liquid air storage tank.
Further, the liquid air expansion power generation process occurs during peak grid hours, including: after being pressurized to a preset high pressure, the liquid air output by the liquid air storage tank enters an evaporator to perform liquid-gas phase change to generate high-pressure air; the high-pressure air is sequentially input into each stage of expansion power generation structure connected in series, and high-grade compression heat stored in the high-temperature storage tank is respectively transmitted into each stage of expansion power generation structure to perform expansion power generation together with the high-pressure air; the normal-temperature fluid generated in the expansion power generation process of each stage of expansion power generation structure is transmitted to a normal-temperature storage tank, and the expansion power generation structure positioned at the final stage is communicated with the external environment.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, compression heat with different grades is recycled and stored in a grading way and is respectively used for heating and generating power, so that the cogeneration of the system is realized, and the energy utilization rate is effectively improved.
2. The invention can effectively separate the heat energy required by the heating and the power generation of the system through the hierarchical storage, the two are not mutually influenced, and the independence of the heating and the power generation of the system is improved.
3. The invention adopts normal pressure circulating water to recover and store medium grade compression heat for heating, and has simple system structure and low initial investment cost.
4. The invention provides a liquid air energy storage cogeneration system and a method based on compressed heat classified storage for realizing a liquid air energy storage system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat staged storage in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an air compression liquefaction process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid air expansion power generation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the system comprises a 1-first-stage compressor, a 2-first cooler, a 3-second-stage compressor, a 4-second cooler, a 5-air liquefying unit, a 6-throttle valve, a 7-gas-liquid separator, an 8-liquid air storage tank, a 9-low-temperature pump, a 10-evaporator, an 11-first heater, a 12-first-stage expander, a 13-second heater, a 14-second-stage expander, a 15-medium-temperature storage tank, a 16-first circulating pump, a 17-normal-temperature storage tank, a 18-second circulating pump, a 19-high-temperature storage tank, a 20-first three-way valve, a 21-second three-way valve and a 22-third circulating pump.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which are obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The method aims at solving the problems that the grade of compression heat is reduced due to simple recovery and storage adopted by the existing liquid air energy storage system, so that the air generating capacity is reduced, and the heat energy utilization rate is reduced. The invention provides a liquid air energy storage cogeneration system and a method based on compressed heat hierarchical storage, which aim at compressed heat hierarchical storage of different grades, wherein high-grade heat is used in a power generation process, redundant low-grade heat is used for heating, and efficient utilization of heat is realized.
The invention comprises an air compression liquefaction loop and a liquid air expansion power generation loop. In the electricity consumption valley period, the purified air is compressed to medium pressure through a first-stage compressor, and then enters a first cooler to release medium-grade heat energy; the medium-pressure air is compressed to high pressure through a second-stage compressor, and then enters a second cooler to release high-grade heat energy; the temperature of the high-pressure air entering the air liquefying unit is reduced, and liquid air is obtained through throttling and depressurization; the first-stage compression heat has low grade, and heat energy is stored in a normal-temperature storage tank through circulating water and is used for heating a user; the second stage of compression heat has higher grade, and the heat energy is stored in a high-temperature storage tank through high-temperature fluid and is used for air expansion power generation; in the electricity consumption peak period, the liquid air is pressurized by the low-temperature pump, enters the evaporator to release cold energy, is heated by the high-temperature fluid, and enters the expansion machine to expand to generate electricity. According to the invention, compression heat with different grades is recycled and stored in a grading way and is respectively used for heating and generating electricity, so that the cogeneration of a system is realized, and the energy utilization rate is effectively improved; in addition, through hierarchical storage, the heat energy required by the heating and the power generation of the system can be effectively separated, the heat energy and the power generation are not influenced, and the independence of the heating and the power generation of the system is improved.
In one embodiment of the invention, a liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat staged storage is provided, which can realize high efficiency and energy saving. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the system includes: an air compression liquefaction loop and a liquid air expansion power generation loop.
The air compression and liquefaction loop is used for compressing the purified air in a grading manner, storing compression heat generated by the air in a grading manner through heat exchange fluid, reducing the temperature and the pressure of the compressed air to obtain liquid air, and respectively supplying heat and generating power by the compression heat stored in the grading manner;
and the liquid air expansion power generation loop is used for carrying out machine expansion power generation after the liquid air is pressurized and heated.
In the above embodiment, the air compression liquefaction circuit comprises at least a two-stage series-connected compression cooling structure, an air liquefaction unit 5, a gas-liquid separator 7, a liquid air storage tank 8 and a thermal energy staged storage device. Wherein: each stage of compression cooling structure includes a compressor and a cooler in series.
After compressed and cooled by compressors and coolers in each stage of compression cooling structure, the purified air is sequentially input into an air liquefying unit 5 and a gas-liquid separator 7, high-pressure low-temperature air formed after the air liquefying unit 5 carries out liquefying treatment is separated from gaseous air (namely gas) by the gas-liquid separator 7, the liquid air is transmitted to a liquid air storage tank 8 for storage for standby, and the gas returns to an inlet of the first stage of compression cooling structure to be used as input gas together with the purified air. And coolers in each stage of compression cooling structure are respectively connected with a heat energy hierarchical storage device, so that heat energy released by the coolers in each stage of compression cooling structure is stored in a hierarchical manner.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a two-stage compression cooling structure is optionally used, including: comprising a first stage compressor 1, a first cooler 2, a second stage compressor 3 and a second cooler 4.
Specifically, the inlet end of the first stage compressor 1 is used for receiving the purified air and the gas returned by the gas-liquid separator 7, the outlet end of the first stage compressor 1 is connected with the first inlet end of the first cooler 2, the first outlet end of the first cooler 2 is connected with the inlet end of the second stage compressor 3, the outlet end of the second stage compressor 3 is connected with the first inlet end of the second cooler 4, and the first outlet end of the second cooler 4 is connected with the inlet end of the air liquefying unit 5. The second outlet end of the first cooler 2 and the second outlet end of the second cooler 4 are both connected with the inlet end of the thermal energy classified storage equipment, and the second inlet end of the first cooler 2 and the second inlet end of the second cooler 4 are both connected with the outlet end of the thermal energy classified storage equipment.
In this embodiment, optionally, a throttle valve 6 is disposed between the air liquefying unit 5 and the gas-liquid separator 7, and after the high-pressure low-temperature air output by the air liquefying unit 5 is throttled and depressurized by the throttle valve 6, the air is input into the gas-liquid separator 7 to separate the liquid air from the gaseous air.
In this embodiment, the gas-liquid separator 7 has an inlet end, a liquid outlet and a gas outlet end. The inlet end is connected with the outlet end of the air liquefying unit 5 through a throttle valve 6, the liquid outlet is connected with the inlet end of a liquid air storage tank 8, and the gas outlet end is connected with the inlet end of the first-stage compressor 1.
In this embodiment, the thermal energy staging storage device optionally includes at least one medium temperature storage tank 15, a normal temperature storage tank 17 and a high temperature storage tank 19. The number of the intermediate-temperature storage tanks 15 is 1 less than the number of the compression cooling structures, that is, if the number of the intermediate-temperature storage tanks 15 is N-1.
The outlet end of each intermediate temperature storage tank 15 is respectively connected with the second inlet end of the cooler in the front N-1 stage compression cooling structure, and the inlet end of each intermediate temperature storage tank 15 is respectively connected with the second outlet end of the cooler in the front N-1 stage compression cooling structure. The outlet end of the normal temperature storage tank 17 is connected with the second inlet end of the cooler in the final stage compression cooling structure, and the inlet end of the high temperature storage tank 19 is connected with the second outlet end of the cooler in the final stage compression cooling structure. The inlet end of the normal temperature storage tank 17 and the outlet end of the high temperature storage tank 19 are connected with a liquid air expansion power generation loop, the high temperature storage tank 19 provides heat energy for the liquid air expansion power generation loop to perform expansion power generation, and the normal temperature storage tank 17 recovers heat exchange fluid after releasing heat.
Optionally, the outlet ends of the medium-temperature storage tanks 15 are respectively provided with a first circulating pump 16; the outlet end of the normal temperature storage tank 17 is provided with a second circulating pump 18.
Taking a two-stage compression cooling structure as an example, the thermal energy hierarchical storage apparatus in this embodiment will be further described. Specifically, the outlet end of the medium-temperature storage tank 15 is connected with the second inlet end of the first cooler 2 through the first circulating pump 16, the second outlet end of the first cooler 2 is connected with the inlet end of the medium-temperature storage tank 15, the medium-temperature storage tank 15 stores heat energy generated by the first-stage compression cooling structure, and the heat energy is used for heating a user;
the outlet end of the normal temperature storage tank 17 is connected with the second inlet end of the second cooler 4 through the second circulating pump 18, and the second outlet end of the second cooler 4 is connected with the inlet end of the high temperature storage tank 19.
In the above embodiment, the liquid air expansion power generation circuit and the air compression liquefaction circuit share the normal temperature storage tank 17 and the high temperature storage tank 19. The liquid air expansion power generation circuit comprises an evaporator 10 and at least two stages of expansion power generation structures in series, each stage of expansion power generation structure comprising a heater and an expander in series.
Specifically, the outlet end of the liquid air storage tank 8 is connected with the inlet end of the evaporator 10, and the outlet end of the evaporator 10 is sequentially connected with each stage of expansion power generation structure. After the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage tank 8 is subjected to liquid-air phase change through the evaporator 10, the generated high-pressure air is sequentially input into each stage of expansion power generation structure; and the heat energy stored in the high-temperature storage tank 19 is also respectively input into the heaters in each stage of expansion power generation structure, and expansion power generation is carried out together with high-pressure air. The normal temperature fluid output from the outlet of the heater in each stage of expansion power generation structure is transferred to the normal temperature storage tank 17. The normal temperature in this embodiment is ambient temperature.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a two-stage expansion power generation structure is optionally used, including: a first heater 11, a first stage expander 12, a second heater 13, and a second stage expander 14.
Specifically, the outlet end of the evaporator 10 is connected to the first inlet end of the first heater 11, and the first outlet end of the first heater 11 is connected to the inlet end of the first stage expander 12; the outlet end of the first-stage expander 12 is connected with the first inlet end of the second heater 13, the first outlet end of the second heater 13 is connected with the inlet end of the second-stage expander 14, and the outlet end of the second-stage expander 14 is communicated with the external environment. The second outlet end of the first heater 11 and the second outlet end of the second heater 13 are connected with the input end of the normal temperature storage tank 17, and the second inlet end of the first heater 11 and the second inlet end of the second heater 13 are connected with the output end of the high temperature storage tank 19.
Optionally, the output end of the high-temperature storage tank 19 is connected to the second inlet end of the first heater 11 and the second inlet end of the second heater 13 through the first three-way valve 20 and the third circulating pump 22.
The concrete connection mode is as follows: the output end of the high-temperature storage tank 19 is connected with the inlet end of the third circulating pump 22, the outlet end of the third circulating pump 22 is connected with the inlet end of the first three-way valve 20, the first outlet end of the first three-way valve 20 is connected with the second inlet end of the first heater 11, and the second outlet end of the first three-way valve 20 is connected with the second inlet end of the second heater 13.
Optionally, the input end of the normal temperature storage tank 17 is connected with the second outlet end of the first heater 11 and the second outlet end of the second heater 13 through the second three-way valve 21. The first inlet end of the second three-way valve 21 is connected with the second outlet end of the first heater 11, and the second inlet end of the second three-way valve 21 is connected with the second outlet end of the second heater 13; the outlet end of the second three-way valve 21 is connected with the input end of the normal temperature storage tank 17.
In this embodiment, optionally, a cryopump 9 is disposed between the outlet end of the liquid air storage tank 8 and the inlet end of the evaporator 10, and the liquid air output from the liquid air storage tank 8 is pressurized to a preset high pressure by the cryopump 9.
In the above embodiments, the heat exchange fluid in the medium temperature storage tank 15 is water; the heat exchange fluid in the normal temperature storage tank 17 and the high temperature storage tank 19 is heat conduction oil, pressurized water or molten salt, etc.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for liquid air energy storage cogeneration based on compressed heat staged storage is provided, and the method is implemented based on the system in each embodiment. In this embodiment, the method includes an air compression liquefaction process and a liquid air expansion power generation process:
1) The air compression liquefaction process occurs in the grid valley period, and comprises the following steps:
11 The purified air is compressed to medium pressure through the front N-1 stage compression cooling structure, medium pressure air is generated, and medium grade heat energy is released; where N represents the total number of stages of the compression cooling structure.
12 The medium-pressure air is compressed to high pressure through a final stage compression cooling structure in sequence, high-pressure air is generated, and high-grade heat energy is released;
13 High-pressure air enters the air liquefying unit 5 to reduce the temperature of the high-pressure air, and enters the air-liquid separator 7 for air-liquid separation after depressurization, the separated air part and purified air enter the primary compression cooling structure again, and the separated liquid air enters the liquid air storage tank 8.
The medium and high voltages in this embodiment are determined in accordance with the amount of power generation, and for example, the medium voltage may be set to about 5MPa and the high voltage may be set to about 10MPa in the case of two-stage power generation in this embodiment.
In the embodiment, the grade of the compression heat released by the front N-1 stage compression cooling structure is lower, and the heat energy is stored in the medium-temperature storage tank 15 through circulating water; the final cooling structure releases higher grade compression heat, and thermal energy is stored in the high-temperature storage tank 19 through high-temperature fluid.
Optionally, the medium-grade compression heat is stored in the medium-temperature storage tank 15, and the heat grade of the part is lower, the temperature is higher than 80 degrees and lower than 100 degrees, and is usually set to be about 90 degrees; this heat is superfluous and can be used for user heating.
Optionally, the high-temperature storage tank 19 stores high-grade compression heat, and the heat grade of the high-temperature storage tank is higher, and the temperature is higher than 140 degrees, so that the high-temperature storage tank can be used for air expansion power generation.
2) The liquid air expansion power generation process occurs in the peak period of a power grid, and comprises the following steps of:
21 The liquid air output by the liquid air storage tank 8 is pressurized to a preset high pressure and then enters the evaporator 10 to perform liquid-gas phase change to generate high-pressure air;
22 High-pressure air is sequentially input into each stage of expansion power generation structure connected in series, and high-grade compression heat stored in the high-temperature storage tank 19 is respectively transmitted into each stage of expansion power generation structure to be expanded together with the high-pressure air for power generation;
23 Normal temperature fluid generated in the expansion power generation process of each stage of expansion power generation structure is transmitted to the normal temperature storage tank 17, and the expansion power generation structure at the final stage is communicated with the external environment and discharged to the outside.
In this embodiment, a two-stage compression cooling structure and a two-stage expansion power generation structure will be described in detail. Specifically, the liquid air energy storage cogeneration method based on compressed heat grading storage comprises the following steps:
1) The air compression liquefaction process occurs during grid off-peak hours:
the purified air is compressed to medium pressure through the first-stage compressor 1 and then enters the first cooler 2 to release medium-grade heat energy; the medium-pressure air is compressed to high pressure through the second-stage compressor 3 and then enters the second cooler 4 to release high-grade heat energy; the temperature of the high-pressure air entering the air liquefying unit 5 is reduced, the high-pressure air enters the gas-liquid separator 7 after being reduced in pressure by the throttle valve 6, in the gas-liquid separator 7, the gas part enters the first-stage compressor 1 again, and the liquid air enters the liquid air storage tank 8; the grade of the first-stage compression heat is lower, and heat energy is stored in the medium-temperature storage tank 15 through circulating water; the second stage of compression heat has higher grade, and the heat energy is stored in the high-temperature storage tank 19 through the high-temperature fluid;
2) The liquid air expansion power generation process occurs during peak power grid hours:
the liquid air output by the liquid air storage tank 8 is pressurized to high pressure through the cryopump 9 and then enters the evaporator 10 to undergo a liquid-gas phase change process; the high-pressure air is heated by the first heater 11, then enters the first-stage expander 12 for expansion power generation, is heated by the second heater 13, then enters the second-stage expander 14 for expansion power generation, and finally is discharged to the outside.
The invention adopts multistage isothermal compression, so that the power consumption is low, and the power generation efficiency is further effectively improved. Meanwhile, the heat energy required by heating and power generation of the system is effectively separated, the heat energy and the power generation are not influenced, and the independence of heating and power generation of the system is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limited thereto, for example, the air compression cooling structure is not limited to two stages, but may be multi-stage compression cooling; the expansion power generation structure is not limited to two stages, and may be a multistage expansion power generation structure. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat staged storage, comprising:
the air compression and liquefaction loop is used for compressing purified air in a grading manner, storing compression heat generated by the air in a grading manner through heat exchange fluid, and cooling and depressurizing the compressed air to obtain liquid air;
the liquid air expansion power generation loop is used for carrying out machine expansion power generation after pressurizing and heating the liquid air;
the air compression and liquefaction loop at least comprises a compression and cooling structure, an air liquefaction unit (5), a gas-liquid separator (7), a liquid air storage tank (8) and a heat energy grading storage device which are connected in series in two stages;
each stage of compression cooling structure comprises a compressor and a cooler which are connected in series;
after compressed and cooled by compressors and coolers in each stage of compression cooling structure, the purified air is sequentially input into an air liquefying unit (5) and a gas-liquid separator (7), high-pressure low-temperature air formed after the air liquefying unit (5) carries out liquefying treatment is separated from liquid air by the gas-liquid separator (7), the liquid air is transmitted to a liquid air storage tank (8) for storage for standby, and the gas returns to an inlet of a first stage of compression cooling structure to be used as input gas together with the purified air;
the coolers in each stage of compression cooling structure are respectively connected with a heat energy hierarchical storage device, and heat energy released by the coolers in each stage of compression cooling structure is stored in a hierarchical manner;
the liquid air expansion power generation loop comprises an evaporator (10) and at least two stages of expansion power generation structures which are connected in series, wherein each stage of expansion power generation structure comprises a heater and an expander which are connected in series;
after liquid air stored in the liquid air storage tank (8) is subjected to liquid-air phase change through the evaporator (10), the generated high-pressure air is sequentially input into each stage of expansion power generation structure; the heat energy stored in a high-temperature storage tank (19) in the heat energy hierarchical storage device is also respectively input into heaters in each expansion power generation structure, and expansion power generation is carried out together with high-pressure air;
the normal temperature fluid output by the outlet generated by the heater in each stage of expansion power generation structure is transmitted to a normal temperature storage tank (17) in the heat energy grading storage device.
2. A liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat staged storage according to claim 1, wherein a throttle valve (6) is arranged between the air liquefaction unit (5) and the gas-liquid separator (7).
3. The liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat staged storage of claim 1 wherein the thermal energy staged storage device comprises at least one medium temperature storage tank (15), a normal temperature storage tank (17) and a high temperature storage tank (19); the number of the medium-temperature storage tanks (15) is N-1, and N is the total number of stages of the compression cooling structure;
the outlet end of each medium-temperature storage tank (15) is respectively connected with the second inlet end of the cooler in the front N-1 stage compression cooling structure, and the inlet end of each medium-temperature storage tank (15) is respectively connected with the second outlet end of the cooler in the front N-1 stage compression cooling structure;
the outlet end of the normal-temperature storage tank (17) is connected with the second inlet end of the cooler in the final-stage compression cooling structure, and the inlet end of the high-temperature storage tank (19) is connected with the second outlet end of the cooler in the final-stage compression cooling structure;
the inlet end of the normal temperature storage tank (17) and the outlet end of the high temperature storage tank (19) are connected with the liquid air expansion power generation loop, the high temperature storage tank (19) provides heat energy for the liquid air expansion power generation loop to perform expansion power generation, and the normal temperature storage tank (17) recovers heat exchange fluid after releasing heat.
4. A liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat staged storage according to claim 3, wherein the outlet end of each intermediate temperature storage tank (15) is provided with a first circulation pump (16) respectively; the outlet end of the normal temperature storage tank (17) is provided with a second circulating pump (18).
5. A liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat staged storage according to claim 3 wherein the heat exchange fluid in the intermediate temperature storage tank (15) is water; the heat exchange fluid in the normal temperature storage tank (17) and the high temperature storage tank (19) is heat conduction oil, pressurized water or molten salt.
6. A liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat staged storage according to claim 1, wherein a cryogenic pump (9) is provided between the outlet end of the liquid air storage tank (8) and the inlet end of the evaporator (10).
7. A cogeneration method based on a liquid air energy storage cogeneration system based on compressed heat fractionation storage according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: an air compression liquefaction process and a liquid air expansion power generation process;
the air compression liquefaction process occurs in the grid valley period, and the liquid air expansion power generation process occurs in the grid peak period.
8. The cogeneration method of claim 7, wherein the air compression liquefaction process occurs during grid off-peak hours, comprising:
the purified air is compressed to medium pressure through a front N-1 stage compression cooling structure, medium-pressure air is generated, medium-grade heat energy is released, and N represents the total stage number of the compression cooling structure;
the medium-pressure air is compressed to high pressure through a final stage compression cooling structure in sequence, high-pressure air is generated, and high-grade heat energy is released;
the high-pressure air enters an air liquefying unit (5) to reduce the temperature of the high-pressure air, and enters a gas-liquid separator (7) for gas-liquid separation after depressurization, the separated gas part and purified air enter a primary compression cooling structure again, and the separated liquid air enters a liquid air storage tank (8).
9. The cogeneration method of claim 7, wherein the liquid air expansion power generation process occurs during peak grid hours and comprises:
after being pressurized to a preset high pressure, the liquid air output by the liquid air storage tank (8) enters the evaporator (10) to perform liquid-gas phase change to generate high pressure air;
the high-pressure air is sequentially input into each stage of expansion power generation structure connected in series, and high-grade compression heat stored in the high-temperature storage tank (19) is respectively transmitted into each stage of expansion power generation structure to perform expansion power generation together with the high-pressure air;
the normal-temperature fluid generated in the expansion power generation process of each stage of expansion power generation structure is transmitted to a normal-temperature storage tank (17), and the expansion power generation structure at the final stage is communicated with the external environment.
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