CN117415937A - Preparation method of compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete - Google Patents
Preparation method of compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN117415937A CN117415937A CN202311614649.8A CN202311614649A CN117415937A CN 117415937 A CN117415937 A CN 117415937A CN 202311614649 A CN202311614649 A CN 202311614649A CN 117415937 A CN117415937 A CN 117415937A
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 351
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 300
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010074 rubber mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 196
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
- B28C5/0806—Details; Accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
- B28C5/10—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing
- B28C5/12—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing with stirrers sweeping through the materials, e.g. with incorporated feeding or discharging means or with oscillating stirrers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
- B28C7/12—Supplying or proportioning liquid ingredients
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a concrete mixing ratio of rubber concrete; providing water, a cementitious material, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate according to the concrete mix ratio, wherein the fine aggregate comprises fine rubber; stirring the water, the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate to obtain fresh rubber fine aggregate concrete; and adopting a concrete compression pouring device to perform compression pouring on the fresh rubber fine aggregate concrete to obtain the rubber fine aggregate concrete. The invention improves the strength and the elastic modulus of the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering materials, in particular to a preparation method of compressed casting rubber fine aggregate concrete.
Background
On the one hand, with the continuous promotion of global automobile industrialization, the number of junked tires is rapidly increased, and the annual output of junked tires in the global is counted to be more than 10 hundred million. The traditional waste tire treatment method mainly comprises landfill or incineration, and the landfill process wastes a large amount of land resources to cause environmental pollution, and can produce a large amount of black pollution in the incineration process to cause a large amount of bacterial breeding, so that the black pollution can cause a great threat to human health. On the other hand, natural sand and stone in concrete are non-renewable materials (in a short period), and the unconditioned exploitation can cause resource shortage and cause irreversible damage to the ecological environment. If the rubber is added into the concrete as aggregate, the huge damage to the environment caused by improper treatment of the rubber can be reduced, and the excessive development of resources such as sand and stone can be reduced. Therefore, in order to promote green recycling of rubber materials, it is highly demanded to promote research and utilization of rubber concrete. However, the addition of rubber to concrete causes a decrease in its strength and modulus of elasticity, and the degree of decrease is related to the amount of rubber blended and the particle size.
However, in the existing rubber concrete preparation scheme, the decrease of the strength and the elastic modulus of the concrete is caused in the rubber concrete prepared by adding rubber, so that the concrete has lower strength and elastic modulus, and the defects are important barriers to the application of the rubber concrete.
Accordingly, the prior art is still in need of improvement and development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete, which aims to solve the problem that the strength and the elastic modulus of rubber concrete prepared in the prior art are far lower than those of common concrete with the same mixing proportion.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a concrete mixing ratio of rubber concrete;
providing water, a cementitious material, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate according to the concrete mix ratio, wherein the fine aggregate comprises fine rubber;
stirring the water, the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate to obtain fresh rubber fine aggregate concrete;
and adopting a concrete compression pouring device to perform compression pouring on the fresh rubber fine aggregate concrete to obtain the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
In one implementation, the concrete mix ratio includes a coarse-fine aggregate ratio and a rubber fine aggregate substitution rate in the fine aggregate;
the concrete mixing ratio of the obtained rubber concrete specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining preset concrete strength of common concrete;
determining the preset mixing proportion of the ordinary concrete and grading data of fine aggregate in the ordinary concrete according to the preset concrete strength;
and determining the proportion of coarse and fine aggregates of the rubber concrete according to the preset mixing proportion and the grading data, and obtaining the rubber fine aggregate substitution rate of the fine rubber according to the grading data.
In one implementation, the method for providing water, cementitious material, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate according to the concrete mix ratio specifically comprises:
determining the water consumption, the fine aggregate consumption, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption in the rubber concrete according to the coarse and fine aggregate proportion;
determining the rubber mixing amount in the fine aggregate according to the rubber substitution rate;
providing water, fine rubber in the fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cementing material according to the water consumption, the rubber mixing amount, the fine aggregate consumption, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption.
In one implementation, the fine aggregate further comprises sand, the sand has the same grading with the fine rubber, and the cementing material is cement;
providing water, fine rubber in the fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cementing material according to the water consumption, the rubber mixing amount, the fine aggregate consumption, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the sand doping amount of the sand in the fine aggregate according to the fine aggregate consumption and the rubber doping amount;
providing water, sand, rubber powder, coarse aggregate and cement according to the rubber mixing amount, the sand mixing amount, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption.
In one implementation manner, the method for compressing and casting the freshly mixed rubber fine aggregate concrete by adopting a concrete compressing and casting device comprises the following steps:
obtaining the pre-compression stress applied to the fine rubber by the concrete compression pouring device;
and controlling the concrete compression pouring device to perform compression pouring on the fine rubber in the water, the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate according to the magnitude of the pre-compression stress to obtain the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
In one implementation, the method for obtaining the pre-compression stress applied by the concrete compression pouring device to the fine rubber specifically includes:
obtaining the reinforced target strength of the rubber concrete, and obtaining a first compressive stress applied to the rubber fine aggregate concrete by the concrete compression pouring device according to the reinforced target strength and the concrete mixing ratio;
obtaining crushing indexes of the coarse aggregate, and obtaining second compressive stress applied to the rubber fine aggregate concrete by the concrete compression pouring device according to the crushing indexes;
and determining the pre-compression stress applied to the fine rubber by the concrete compression pouring device in the range of the first compression stress and the second compression stress.
In one implementation, the cementitious material is cement; the concrete compression pouring device comprises an anti-compression rebound device, a cylinder mould, a jack, a pressure head structure, a pressure applying raised head and a bottom plate, wherein the anti-compression rebound device comprises an anti-compression rebound cover plate, a high-strength bolt, a nut, a force sensor and the pressure applying raised head;
the control of the concrete compression pouring device carries out compression pouring on the water, the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine rubber in the fine aggregate according to the magnitude of the pre-compression stress to obtain rubber fine aggregate concrete, and the concrete compression pouring device specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the fresh rubber fine aggregate concrete in a mould of the concrete compression pouring device, and controlling a pressure head of the concrete compression pouring device to compact the fine rubber to obtain intermediate concrete;
and the high-strength bolts are screwed, the jack is removed when the rebound force received by the jack is transferred to the anti-compression rebound cover plate, and the anti-compression rebound cover plate is removed when the pressure of the intermediate concrete received by the anti-compression rebound cover plate meets the preset requirement, so that the rubber fine aggregate concrete is obtained.
In one implementation, the preparation method of the compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete further comprises the following steps:
carrying out a uniaxial compression experiment on the rubber fine aggregate concrete to obtain stress strain data of the rubber fine aggregate concrete experiment;
and according to the stress-strain data, obtaining an evaluation result of the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
In one implementation manner, the method for obtaining the evaluation result of the rubber fine aggregate concrete according to the stress-strain data specifically includes:
according to the stress-strain data, obtaining a stress-strain curve of the rubber fine aggregate concrete;
according to the stress-strain curve, obtaining the concrete strength change characteristic and the elastic modulus change characteristic of the rubber fine aggregate concrete
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a compression-cast rubber fine aggregate concrete, wherein the compression-cast rubber fine aggregate concrete is prepared according to the preparation method of the compression-cast rubber fine aggregate concrete according to any one of the above schemes.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a preparation method of compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete, which comprises the steps of adopting fine rubber with the same grading as sand to replace sand in concrete raw materials, adopting rubber powder to replace river sand, wherein the volume replacement rate is more than 0 and less than or equal to 100%, adopting a concrete compression casting device to carry out compression casting on water, cementing materials, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, wherein the minimum value of stress applied by the compression casting is related to target strength, and the maximum stress is related to crushing indexes of the coarse aggregate. The method comprises the steps of replacing sand in the fine aggregate with fine rubber, and preparing the rubber concrete by adopting a compression pouring physical modification technology on the fine rubber, so that the prepared rubber fine aggregate concrete has higher concrete strength and elastic modulus.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention for preparing a compression cast rubber fine aggregate concrete;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a concrete compression casting apparatus used in the method for preparing the compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of compressive casting stress versus concrete strength for a method of preparing a compression cast rubber fine aggregate concrete of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the resilience force and the crack resistance index of the compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing stress-strain curves of rubber fine aggregate concrete prepared at different rubber blending amounts in the method for preparing a compression-cast rubber fine aggregate concrete according to the present invention, compared with ordinary concrete and ordinary rubber concrete;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the peak stress and elastic modulus variation characteristics of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate: 1. a nut; 2. an anti-compression rebound cover plate; 3. a high-strength bolt; 4. a cylindrical mold; 5. a jack; 6. a pressure head structure; 7. a force sensor; 8. a pressing raised head; 9. a bottom plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and more specific, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present invention, but not all possible implementations. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, a person skilled in the art may well combine the embodiments of the present invention to obtain other embodiments without inventive faculty, and these embodiments are also within the scope of the present invention.
In the prior art, the method for improving the strength of the rubber concrete mainly comprises the steps of adding fiber materials, chemically modifying the rubber and the like. These approaches have certain effects in improving the strength of rubber concrete, but have significant drawbacks in terms of performance improvement, economy, and large-scale application. If the steel fiber is added, the strength of the high-doped rubber concrete is improved by a small amount, but the strength of the high-doped rubber concrete is reduced more with the increase of the rubber substitution rate, and the strength grade of the concrete is designed to be higher, so that the strength is reduced more rapidly. The addition of polypropylene fibers can increase their strength, but has little effect on the modulus of elasticity. When modifying rubber with a modifier, naOH was found to increase the strength, but the modification method was less pronounced to increase the compressive strength of the concrete as the rubber loading increased. The styrene-type copolymer precoated rubber particles can enhance the bonding performance of the interface between the rubber particles and the cement matrix, but the surface treatment and precoating treatment method can make the early-stage work of the experiment heavy, and has high requirements on operation precision.
In order to solve the problems of lower strength and lower elastic modulus of the rubber concrete prepared in the related art, the application provides a preparation method of the compression pouring rubber fine aggregate concrete, in the method, the sand (namely, river sand) in concrete raw materials is replaced by adopting fine rubber (namely, rubber powder) with the same concrete grading, the volume replacement rate of the rubber powder to replace the river sand is more than 0 and less than or equal to 100%, then a concrete compression pouring device is adopted to perform compression pouring on cementing materials (such as cement), coarse aggregate (namely, stone) and fine aggregate (namely, rubber powder sand or rubber powder only) to finally obtain the rubber fine aggregate concrete, in the method, the fine rubber is used for replacing the sand in the fine aggregate, and a physical modification technology of compression pouring is adopted for preparing the rubber concrete, so that the prepared rubber fine aggregate concrete has higher concrete strength and elastic modulus, and the strength and the elastic modulus of the rubber concrete are improved. Therefore, the technical problem that the rubber concrete prepared in the related technology is low in strength and elastic modulus is solved.
According to the preparation method, for any rubber fine aggregate substitution rate (compared with river sand), a compression pouring device is adopted to perform compression pouring on fresh rubber fine aggregate, a certain pressure is applied for a certain time, the demolding time is determined according to the concrete resilience force, and the rubber fine aggregate concrete material and a member thereof are obtained. The pressure of the compressive casting and its holding time are related to the target properties of the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
The compression casting concrete technology is a physical modified concrete technology, and is suitable for improving the mechanical properties of various solid waste concrete (including common concrete), reducing the porosity and improving the durability.
The schematic diagram of the concrete compression pouring device is shown in fig. 2, fresh concrete is added into a circular mould and is properly vibrated, an electric control device can be adopted to apply pre-compression stress to a set value after the mould is centered with a jack, the pre-compression stress can be immediately unloaded and removed after a period of time, and finally, a test piece is subjected to conventional maintenance. The modified rubber fine aggregate concrete prepared by the compression pouring technology has the following advantages: the method is suitable for rubber fine aggregate concrete with the rubber mixing amount of 0-100%; is a physical modification technology, and does not need to add any additive; the efficiency of the modification process is extremely high, and the time cost is greatly saved; the strength and the elastic modulus of the rubber concrete can be simultaneously improved; the cement consumption can be reduced (so that the strength can be improved) under the same strength requirement; the method is particularly suitable for standardized, high-efficiency and large-scale manufacturing of prefabricated solid waste base concrete members. Through measurement and calculation, compared with the prefabricated part manufactured by common concrete, the compression casting concrete technology can greatly reduce the cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below by specific examples. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and some embodiments may not be repeated for the same or similar concepts or processes.
The preparation method of the compressed casting rubber fine aggregate concrete according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
and S101, obtaining the concrete mixing ratio of the rubber concrete.
In one embodiment of the invention, the concrete mix ratio comprises a coarse-fine aggregate ratio and a rubber fine aggregate substitution rate in fine aggregate; firstly, obtaining preset concrete strength (such as C30) of common concrete; according to the preset concrete strength, determining the preset mixing proportion of the common concrete, the grading data of the fine aggregate, the data of the cementing material and the data of the coarse aggregate in the common concrete, namely selecting the fine aggregate (sand), the coarse aggregate (stone) and the cementing material (cement) with certain aggregate grading; according to the preset mix proportion and the grading data, determining the coarse and fine aggregate proportion of the rubber concrete, and according to the grading data, obtaining the rubber fine aggregate substitution rate of the fine rubber, namely adopting fine rubber (namely rubber powder) which is the same as sand grading to replace sand (namely river sand), and keeping the rest raw materials unchanged, thereby obtaining the coarse and fine aggregate proportion, namely the proportion of cementing material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and water, wherein the proportion of fine aggregate in the concrete mix proportion comprises the proportion of sand to fine rubber, namely the rubber fine aggregate substitution rate, and the rubber fine aggregate substitution rate (more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100 percent of any substitution rate) can be determined according to the grading data.
The invention is worth to be explained, the invention adopts the fine rubber to replace sand, not only processes the abandoned rubber in the environment, but also the strength and the elastic modulus of the rubber concrete obtained after the subsequent compression pouring are better than those of the common rubber concrete, the strength and the elastic modulus of the rubber concrete are improved, and meanwhile, the cost can be reduced by adopting the compression pouring technology.
It is understood that the concrete mix ratio refers to the proportional relationship between the constituent materials (cement, water, sand, stone) in the concrete. There are two main presentation methods: one is expressed in terms of the amount of various materials in 1 cubic meter of concrete, such as 300 kg of cement, 180 kg of water, 690 kg of sand, 1260 kg of stones; the other is expressed by the ratio of the unit mass of cement to the amount of various materials and the water-cement ratio of concrete, and for example, the former example can be expressed as: c: g=1:2.3:4.2, w/c=0.6. According to the design grade and the use requirement of the concrete, the common mixing proportion is as follows: grade C20, water: 175kg, cement (cementing material): 343kg, sand (fine aggregate): 621kg, cobble (coarse aggregate): 1261kg, the mixing ratio is: 0.51:1:1.81:3.68; grade C25, water: 175kg, cement: 398kg, sand: 566kg, cobble: 1261kg of the mixture ratio is: 0.44:1:1.42:3.17; grade C30, water: 175kg, cement: 461kg, sand: 512kg, cobble: 1252kg, the mixing ratio is: 0.38:1:1.11:2.72. these different proportions of concrete have different strengths and characteristics to meet different engineering requirements.
In one embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the fine rubber is in the range of 0-5.00 mm. Specifically, in this example, concrete of C30 (30 MPa for cylindrical strength) was designed, coarse and fine aggregates of a certain aggregate size were selected, and the particle size distribution of the fine aggregates was tested (table 1), and it was found from table 1 that the particle size distribution of sand and rubber powder of the same size distribution in the fine aggregates was within a range of 0 to 5.00 mm.
TABLE 1 river sand, fine rubber particle size distribution
In concrete preparation, "the same gradation" means that the particle size distribution of sand and rubber powder is the same, that is, the proportion of sand and rubber powder in the same particle size range is the same. Specifically, if the particles of both materials are 40 mesh (particle size of about 0.425 mm) to 60 mesh (particle size of about 0.25 mm), it can be said that their gradations are the same because they are divided according to the maximum particle size, the minimum particle size, and the proportional relationship between the respective particle sizes of the materials.
And step S102, providing water, cementing materials, coarse aggregates and fine aggregates according to the concrete mixing proportion, wherein the fine aggregates comprise fine rubber.
In one embodiment of the invention, after the rubber fine aggregate substitution rate of the fine aggregate is determined, the water consumption, the fine aggregate consumption, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption in the rubber concrete are determined according to the coarse and fine aggregate proportion, and the rubber mixing amount in the fine aggregate is determined according to the rubber substitution rate, namely, the consumption of each material (further comprising water) required for preparing the shape and the volume of the rubber concrete is determined; providing water, fine rubber in the fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cementing material according to the water consumption, the rubber mixing amount, the fine aggregate consumption, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption.
Specifically, the fine aggregate further comprises sand, the sand has the same grading with the fine rubber, and the cementing material is cement; determining the sand doping amount of the sand in the fine aggregate according to the fine aggregate consumption and the rubber doping amount, wherein the sand doping amount can be 0 (namely, the replacement rate of rubber to sand is 100 percent); providing water, sand, rubber powder, coarse aggregate and cement according to the rubber mixing amount, the sand mixing amount, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption. That is, for any concrete mix ratio, the raw material is obtained given any substitution rate of 0 to 100% of the rubber fine aggregate for the river sand.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the rubber is incorporated in an amount of one of 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 80% and 100% of the fine aggregate.
And step S103, stirring the water, the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate to obtain the freshly mixed rubber fine aggregate concrete.
Specifically, the raw materials are mixed and stirred by adopting a common concrete stirring method, and then the mixed raw materials are added into a concrete compression pouring device for compression pouring.
And S104, adopting a concrete compression pouring device to perform compression pouring on the freshly mixed rubber fine aggregate concrete to obtain the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
In an embodiment of the invention, the pre-compression stress applied to the fine rubber by the concrete compression pouring device is obtained, namely, corresponding pre-compression stress is set for rubber powders with different rubber doping amounts so that the concrete compression pouring device performs compression pouring; and controlling the concrete compression pouring device to perform compression pouring on the fine rubber in the water, the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate according to the magnitude of the pre-compression stress to obtain the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
Specifically, the reinforcement target strength of the rubber concrete is obtained, and according to the reinforcement target strength and the concrete mixing ratio, a first compressive stress (minimum compressive pouring stress f) of the concrete compression pouring device on the rubber fine aggregate concrete is obtained pp ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining crushing indexes of the coarse aggregate, namely testing the crushing indexes of the coarse aggregate, and obtaining second compressive stress (maximum compressive pouring stress f) of the concrete compression pouring device according to the crushing indexes pn ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And determining the pre-compression stress applied to the fine rubber by the concrete compression pouring device in the range of the first compression stress (minimum value) and the second compression stress (maximum value). It will be appreciated that the maximum compression pressure is not capable of crushing the coarse aggregate (which may cause damage to the concrete, resulting in reduced strength and reduced durability) and the minimum is determined by the targeted properties of the rubber concrete.
Further, when determining the first compressive stress, first, according to the reinforcement target strength and the concrete mixing ratio, the initial compressive stress f of the rubber concrete is obtained pm Then obtaining the actual minimum compressive pouring stress f according to experiments pp That is to say, in the process, the target intensity f is first of all determined cc-1 Obtaining initial compressive pouring stress f pm The actual strength of the rubber fine aggregate concrete after the compressive pouring stress is measured through experiments, and the actual strength of the concrete of the compressive pouring rubber fine aggregate measured through the experiments is compared with the target strength.
If the target strength is greater than the actual strength of the rubber fine aggregate concrete measured by the experiment, the compressive pouring stress is properly increased, otherwise, if the target strength is less than the actual strength of the rubber fine aggregate concrete measured by the experiment, the compressive pouring stress is reduced until the target strength is equal to or close to the experimental strength, namely, the difference value between the target strength and the actual strength is within a preset threshold range. The compressive casting stress (first compressive stress) applied at this time is the minimum compressive stress required to achieve the target strengthPouring stress f pp 。
According to the preparation method of the compressive casting rubber fine aggregate concrete, a certain compressive casting stress is applied to the rubber fine aggregate concrete by using the concrete compressive casting device, the minimum value of the compressive casting stress is determined by the target strength of the concrete, and the maximum value can be determined by the crushing index of the added coarse aggregate; after compressive pouring stress is applied, the self-made unloading rebound device is utilized to restrain the concrete, so that the compressive pouring stress is prevented from being removed, the rubber fine aggregate concrete is damaged due to rebound, and after a period of restraint, the mould can be removed to obtain the target rubber fine aggregate concrete, so that the strength and the elastic modulus of the rubber fine aggregate concrete can be improved.
Referring to FIG. 3, a graph of compressive casting stress versus concrete strength is shown with the horizontal axis representing the applied compressive casting stress and the vertical axis representing the strength of the concrete, when the target strength of the concrete (the increased strength compared to conventional rubber concrete, such as 30MPa for conventional rubber concrete, can be increased up to 45MPa, i.e., 50% strength but 10% set strength increase, and the target strength for reinforcement is 33 MPa) f cc-1 After the determination, the initial minimum compressive casting stress f required to obtain the strength can be obtained pm Experimental results of the actual minimum compressive casting stress f pp At the same time, the stress applied by compressive casting cannot cause crushing of coarse aggregate, so that the compressive casting effect is reduced, namely the applied compressive casting stress cannot be greater than f pn 。
In the embodiment of the application f is present cc And f p The relation of (2) is as follows, and f is obtained by the formula pm 。
Specifically, mixing the water, the coarse aggregate, the fine rubber in the fine aggregate and the cement in a mould of the concrete compression pouring device, controlling a pressure head of the concrete compression pouring device to compact the fine rubber and extruding redundant water to obtain intermediate concrete; the high-strength bolts are continuously screwed to apply pressure to the rebound cover plate, the pressure of the jack is correspondingly reduced along with the increase of the pressure of the cover plate, when the pressure of the jack is reduced to 0, the screwing of the bolts is stopped, and the rebound force generated by the rubber fine aggregate concrete is borne by the anti-compression rebound cover plate. The jack is removed from the anti-compression rebound cover plate, but the anti-compression rebound plate is not removed until the anti-cracking performance and strength of the rubber concrete can resist the rebound force generated by the rubber aggregate, and the rubber fine aggregate concrete is obtained after the die is removed to meet the preset requirement. The concrete strength at this time is a concrete that meets or exceeds the target strength.
Further, the concrete raw materials (coarse aggregate, rubber and river sand fine aggregate, cement and water) are stirred conventionally, the stirred fresh concrete is poured into a compression pouring die for compression pouring, the volume of the rubber is compacted, redundant mixing water is extruded, high-strength bolts are screwed to apply pressure to a rebound cover plate, the pressure of a jack is correspondingly reduced along with the increase of the pressure of the cover plate, when the pressure of the jack is reduced to 0, screwing of the bolts is stopped, and the rebound force generated by the rubber fine aggregate concrete is borne by the anti-compression rebound cover plate. The jack is removed, but the anti-compression rebound plate is not removed, and the concrete compression pressure at this time is provided entirely by the anti-compression rebound plate, see fig. 4; the volume compression of the rubber has a rebound force, and the demolding time is related to the rebound force of the rubber. The pressure of the cover plate is monitored by the force sensor in real time, the pressure of the cover plate is gradually reduced along with the setting time of the concrete, when the strength and the crack resistance of the concrete can resist the resilience force of the rubber aggregate, the anti-compression rebound plate is removed, and the form is removed, so that the resilience force can not cause the cracking of the rubber fine aggregate concrete, and the final compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete is obtained. The compression pouring device and the cover plate can be used for pouring the next batch of materials, so that the efficiency is improved.
That is, in any mold shape (the mold is manufactured according to the actual member shape and size requirements), the fine aggregate, the coarse aggregate and the cementing material with the set rubber mixing amount are added into the mold of the concrete compression pouring device, the corresponding pre-compression stress is set to compact the freshly mixed rubber fine aggregate concrete, and the designed anti-rebound disc (anti-rebound cover plate) is used for preventing rebound of the rubber concrete after the compression stress is removed. And after maintaining the compression amount for a certain time, the die can be immediately disassembled, and finally the rubber fine aggregate concrete is obtained.
The compression pouring device is characterized in that the compression pouring device is pressed by adopting the compression-proof rebound cover plate to compress the rubber fine aggregate concrete, the rebound force of the concrete to the compression pouring device is transferred to the compression-proof rebound plate, at the moment, the compression pouring stress of the compression pouring device is continuously reduced until the compression pouring stress reaches 0, then the high-pressure jack is removed, but the compression-proof rebound plate is not removed, the strength and the crack resistance index of the rubber fine aggregate concrete are continuously improved along with the continuous increase of the setting time, but the rebound force generated by the rubber fine aggregate concrete is continuously reduced (see figure 4), when the rubber fine aggregate concrete can completely resist the rebound force generated by the compression-proof rebound plate, namely the setting time is longer than T c And (3) removing the mould to obtain the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
In the concrete compression pouring device, as shown in fig. 2, the upper part of a bottom plate 9 is a cylindrical die 4, the upper part of the cylindrical die 4 is connected with an anti-compression rebound board (anti-compression rebound cover plate) through a high-strength bolt 3, the anti-compression rebound cover plate comprises an anti-compression rebound cover plate 2, a force sensor 7 and a compression convex head 8 which are connected, and the upper part of the anti-compression rebound cover plate is connected with a jack 5 through a pressure head structure 6.
The working principle of the concrete compression pouring device is as follows: the concrete pouring device applies pressure to the newly poured concrete in a stress self-balancing and physical pressurizing mode, the high-pressure jack 5 is fixed on the upper part of the steel die structure, and 4 high-strength bolts 3 are connected with a lower bottom plate of the lower part of the steel die structure. In the actual working process, the high-pressure jack 5 applies compressive stress to the anti-compression rebound board (namely the anti-compression rebound cover board) through the pressure head structure 6, so that the anti-compression rebound cover board compresses rubber concrete in the cylinder mould 4, after the jack reaches the target compressive stress applied to the rubber concrete through the pressure applying convex head 8 of the anti-compression rebound cover board, the high-strength bolt 3 is screwed through the nut 1, the pressure of the jack is correspondingly reduced along with the continuous screwing of the bolt, when the pressure of the jack is reduced to 0, the screwing of the bolt is stopped, then the jack is removed, and after the jack is kept for a period of time, the strength and the crack resistance of the rubber fine aggregate concrete can resist the resilience force of the rubber fine aggregate concrete, and the mould can be removed.
The invention can greatly improve the strength and the elastic modulus of the rubber concrete by utilizing the compression pouring technology, and realize the high-quality and large-scale application of the rubber concrete in the field of structural engineering; the invention has higher efficiency of improving the performance of the solid waste concrete and can be completed in a shorter time; the invention is a physical technology, does not need additive, does not need to replace the components of concrete, and is applicable to concrete with different rubber mixing amounts.
After step S103, the preparation method of the compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete further includes: carrying out a uniaxial compression experiment on the rubber fine aggregate concrete to obtain stress strain data of the rubber fine aggregate concrete experiment; and according to the stress-strain data, obtaining an evaluation result of the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
It is worth to say that, after the rubber fine aggregate concrete is prepared, the preparation method of the compression pouring rubber fine aggregate concrete can also compare the prepared rubber fine aggregate concrete (the compression pouring rubber concrete) with the common concrete (the concrete which does not replace sand) and the common rubber concrete (the non-compression pouring rubber concrete) (the three concrete can be prepared simultaneously or sequentially), so as to evaluate and verify that the rubber fine aggregate concrete has higher strength and elastic modulus. It should be noted that the rubber fine aggregate concrete must have a higher strength and elastic modulus than those of ordinary rubber concrete, and in some set fine rubber substitution rates, the rubber fine aggregate concrete has a higher strength and elastic modulus than those of ordinary concrete.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a stress-strain curve of the rubber fine aggregate concrete is obtained according to the stress-strain data; and according to the stress-strain curve (see fig. 4), obtaining the concrete strength change characteristic and the elastic modulus change characteristic of the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
The invention utilizes the compression pouring technology to improve the strength and the elastic modulus of the prepared rubber concrete by applying the pre-pressurizing stress to the raw materials of the rubber concrete. The basic idea is as follows: firstly, rubber powder with the particle size of 40-60 meshes is selected and mixed according to a certain grading, the grading is consistent with sand, water, cement, stones and the like in the mixing ratio are kept unchanged, and the volume substitution rate of the rubber for replacing river sand is respectively set to 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 80% and 100%. In any mould shape (the mould is manufactured according to the actual component shape and size requirement), rubber concrete with different doping amounts is divided into two groups, one group is added into the mould of the compression pouring device (as shown in figure 2), different pre-compression stresses are set for compacting the rubber concrete, and simultaneously, the designed anti-compression rebound disc is used for preventing rebound of the rubber concrete after the compression stress is removed. The die can be removed immediately after the compression is maintained for a certain time. And the other group is used for ordinary pouring. After standard curing, the concrete is subjected to uniaxial compression test on an MTS pressure tester, and a stress-strain curve of the concrete is drawn to obtain a compressive strength value and an elastic modulus of the concrete. Secondly, the stress-strain curve (abscissa strain-ordinate stress), peak stress (concrete strength), initial slope (i.e. elastic modulus) and peak strain (concrete ductility) characteristics before and after compressive pouring at different doping amounts are compared. The macroscopic mechanical properties (compressive strength, elastic modulus and the like) of the compression pouring rubber concrete are greatly improved in the minimum and maximum pre-compression stress ranges. Compared with any existing rubber concrete modification technology, the rubber concrete prepared by the method can improve the strength and the elastic modulus of the rubber concrete at the same time.
Specifically, according to the test method standard of physical and mechanical properties of concrete GB/T50081-2019, the test method standard of pebble and broken stone for construction GB/T14685-2011 and the test method standard of sand for construction GB/T14684-2011. Natural coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and rubber powder required by rubber concrete are selected and prepared, the concrete mixing proportion is determined, the grading consistency of rubber and sand is ensured in the experimental process, and the concrete is stirred. The concrete is divided into two groups, one group is poured into developed compression pouring moulds (shown in figure 2), the compression pouring moulds are vibrated by using an inserted vibrating rod, after the vibrating rod is continuously inserted and vibrated for a plurality of times, the mould filled with the concrete is centered and leveled with a loading device, certain pre-compression stress is applied, and the rebound of rubber concrete after the compression stress is removed is prevented by using an anti-compression rebound disc designed by a subject group. After a certain period of time, the mould can be removed immediately for standard maintenance. And the other group is subjected to ordinary casting and ordinary maintenance. And carrying out a uniaxial compression experiment on the cured concrete, and analyzing the stress strain change trend before and after compression under different rubber doping amounts.
The compounding ratios of the rubber concretes are shown in Table 2. NC is common concrete. RC is rubber concrete, the number behind RC is the substitution rate of rubber, N after the number represents ordinary casting, and P represents compression casting. For example, RC10-N represents the rubber concrete of ordinary casting (the rubber mixing amount is 10%), and RC10-P represents the rubber concrete of ordinary casting (the rubber mixing amount is 10%). The pre-stress applied for different rubber substitution rates is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 rubber concrete mix ratio
Specifically, the change condition (fig. 5) and fig. 6 of the stress-strain characteristics of the compressive casting rubber fine aggregate concrete and the ordinary casting concrete are evaluated by performing a compressive strength test on the concrete test piece after curing for 28 days.
As shown in FIG. 5, the abscissa represents strain, and the ordinate represents stress (peak stress at the highest position of the ordinate is concrete strength)
Comparing the test results shown in fig. 5 and 6, it can be seen that the peak stress (compressive strength) and elastic modulus of the rubber concrete can be improved by applying a certain compressive pouring stress to the concrete with different rubber doping amounts.
According to the invention, the compression pouring of the physical method is adopted, so that the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the rubber concrete can be greatly improved, additives are not needed, the conventional curing conditions are adopted, the equipment is simple, the energy consumption is low, the chemical pollution is avoided, and the cost is low; meanwhile, the efficiency of lifting the rubber concrete is higher, and the pre-pouring compressive stress can be applied in a shorter time; the invention has the advantages of strong applicability, simple operation, unified flow and the like; the invention is suitable for prefabricated rubber concrete members with arbitrary shapes, including cylinders, prisms, cubes, concrete blocks, beams, plates, columns and the like.
Based on the preparation method of the compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete, the invention further correspondingly provides the compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete, wherein the compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete comprises the following components: the cement comprises at least one of cement, gypsum and asphalt, coarse aggregate comprising stone (namely stone), fine aggregate comprising fine rubber (namely rubber powder), and water.
Specifically, the fine aggregate includes sand and rubber powder, and the fine aggregate may not include sand.
In this example, the strength improvement effect of each rubber blend is shown in table 3, and it can be found from table 3 that the strength of the concrete with different rubber substitution rates is significantly improved, wherein the rubber blend is 50% (i.e., the fine rubber in the fine aggregate is 50%, the sand is 50%), and the effects of 30% and 40% are better.
TABLE 3 Replacing Rate rubber Fine aggregate concrete Strength improving Effect
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
obtaining a concrete mixing ratio of rubber concrete;
providing water, a cementitious material, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate according to the concrete mix ratio, wherein the fine aggregate comprises fine rubber;
stirring the water, the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate to obtain fresh rubber fine aggregate concrete;
and adopting a concrete compression pouring device to perform compression pouring on the fresh rubber fine aggregate concrete to obtain the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
2. The method for preparing a compression-cast rubber fine aggregate concrete according to claim 1, wherein the concrete mix ratio includes a coarse-fine aggregate ratio and a rubber fine aggregate substitution rate in a fine aggregate;
the concrete mixing ratio of the obtained rubber concrete specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining preset concrete strength of common concrete;
determining the preset mixing proportion of the ordinary concrete and grading data of fine aggregate in the ordinary concrete according to the preset concrete strength;
and determining the proportion of coarse and fine aggregates of the rubber concrete according to the preset mixing proportion and the grading data, and obtaining the rubber substitution rate of the fine rubber according to the grading data.
3. The method for preparing the compressed casting rubber fine aggregate concrete according to claim 2, wherein the water, the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are provided according to the concrete mixing ratio, and specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the water consumption, the fine aggregate consumption, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption in the rubber concrete according to the coarse and fine aggregate proportion;
determining the rubber mixing amount in the fine aggregate according to the rubber substitution rate;
providing water, fine rubber in the fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cementing material according to the water consumption, the rubber mixing amount, the fine aggregate consumption, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption.
4. The method for preparing a compressed casting rubber fine aggregate concrete according to claim 3, wherein the fine aggregate further comprises sand, the sand has the same gradation as the fine rubber, and the cementing material is cement;
providing water, fine rubber in the fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cementing material according to the water consumption, the rubber mixing amount, the fine aggregate consumption, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the sand doping amount of the sand in the fine aggregate according to the fine aggregate consumption and the rubber doping amount;
providing water, sand, rubber powder, coarse aggregate and cement according to the rubber mixing amount, the sand mixing amount, the coarse aggregate consumption and the cementing material consumption.
5. The method for preparing the compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the fresh rubber fine aggregate concrete by adopting the concrete compression casting device comprises the following steps:
obtaining the pre-compression stress applied to the fine rubber by the concrete compression pouring device;
and controlling the concrete compression pouring device to perform compression pouring on the fine rubber in the water, the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate according to the magnitude of the pre-compression stress to obtain the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
6. The method for preparing the compressive casting rubber fine aggregate concrete according to claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining the pre-compression stress applied to the fine rubber by the concrete compressive casting device comprises the following steps:
obtaining the reinforced target strength of the rubber concrete, and obtaining a first compressive stress applied to the rubber fine aggregate concrete by the concrete compression pouring device according to the reinforced target strength and the concrete mixing ratio;
obtaining crushing indexes of the coarse aggregate, and obtaining second compressive stress applied to the rubber fine aggregate concrete by the concrete compression pouring device according to the crushing indexes;
and determining the pre-compression stress applied to the fine rubber by the concrete compression pouring device in the range of the first compression stress and the second compression stress.
7. The method for preparing a compression casting rubber fine aggregate concrete according to claim 5, wherein the cementing material is cement; the concrete compression pouring device comprises an anti-compression rebound device, a cylinder mould, a jack, a pressure head structure, a pressure applying raised head and a bottom plate, wherein the anti-compression rebound device comprises an anti-compression rebound cover plate, a high-strength bolt, a nut, a force sensor and the pressure applying raised head;
the control of the concrete compression pouring device carries out compression pouring on the water, the cementing material, the coarse aggregate and the fine rubber in the fine aggregate according to the magnitude of the pre-compression stress to obtain rubber fine aggregate concrete, and the concrete compression pouring device specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the fresh rubber fine aggregate concrete in a mould of the concrete compression pouring device, and controlling a pressure head of the concrete compression pouring device to compact the fine rubber to obtain intermediate concrete;
and the high-strength bolts are screwed, the jack is removed when the rebound force received by the jack is transferred to the anti-compression rebound cover plate, and the anti-compression rebound cover plate is removed when the pressure of the intermediate concrete received by the anti-compression rebound cover plate meets the preset requirement, so that the rubber fine aggregate concrete is obtained.
8. The method for preparing a compression-cast rubber fine aggregate concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the method for preparing a compression-cast rubber fine aggregate concrete further comprises:
carrying out a uniaxial compression experiment on the rubber fine aggregate concrete to obtain stress strain data of the rubber fine aggregate concrete experiment;
and according to the stress-strain data, obtaining an evaluation result of the rubber fine aggregate concrete.
9. The method for preparing the compressive casting rubber fine aggregate concrete according to claim 8, wherein the evaluation result of the rubber fine aggregate concrete is obtained according to the stress-strain data, specifically comprising:
according to the stress-strain data, obtaining a stress-strain curve of the rubber fine aggregate concrete;
and obtaining the concrete strength change characteristic and the elastic modulus change characteristic of the rubber fine aggregate concrete according to the stress-strain curve.
10. A compression-cast rubber fine aggregate concrete prepared according to the method for preparing a compression-cast rubber fine aggregate concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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