CN117413887A

CN117413887A - Preparation method of special feed with health care function

Info

Publication number: CN117413887A
Application number: CN202311190114.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐会连; 宋英特; 蔡瑞涛; 宋国彪; 孔孟孟; 刘骁勇; 谷劲松; 井海荣; 王福荔; 郝博雯; 杨玉红; 隋欣
Original assignee: Inner Mongolia Hanen Biological Technology Co ltd; University of Jinan
Current assignee: Inner Mongolia Hanen Biological Technology Co ltd; University of Jinan
Priority date: 2023-09-15
Filing date: 2023-09-15
Publication date: 2024-01-19

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of animal special feeds, and relates to a preparation method of special feeds with a health-care function. The invention uses the leaves and strains to ferment and prepare the product to replace feed raw materials, which can effectively improve immunity and increase animal disease defenses. The feed prepared by the method contains various probiotics and can promote intestinal digestion of livestock and poultry. The feed is rich in active substances and has high antioxidant activity. Contains amino acids, organic acids, polypeptides, polyketides, flavones, terpenes and various vitamins secreted and decomposed by various microorganisms, and is of great benefit to the bodies of domestic animals and poultry.

Description

Preparation method of special feed with health care function

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of animal special feeds, and relates to a preparation method of special feeds with a health-care function.

Background

With the development of the breeding industry, consumers and farmers pay great attention to feed which is nontoxic, low in cost and can be used as functional nutrition supplement, and the key technology for supplementing the feed is the application of microorganism probiotics. Antibiotics are a growth promoter, but many countries limit their use in animal and poultry farming. Probiotics refer to non-pathogenic beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, yeasts, bacillus, actinomycetes and the like, and have a very important role in the health of humans and animals. At present, the application of probiotics in the field of livestock breeding mainly relates to the aspects of probiotics fermented feed, probiotics feed, drinking water additives, house deodorant and the like.

Cereal, pasture, meal and crop straw are conventional feed materials, while the branches and leaves of shrubs and trees are non-conventional feed materials. In nutrition, the shoots, leaves, pods, twigs and fruits of trees and shrubs are rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals compared to pastures and crop stalks. And researches prove that the palatability, the feed intake, the digestibility and the lactation performance of animals can be improved by adding trees and shrubs into animal ration. But the utilization effect of the branch and leaf feed raw materials is not ideal at present. The reason for this is: including the nature of the branches and leaves of the trees and the lack of technical means for improving the palatability and the utilization value of the branch and leaf feed.

Along with the progress of urban design and the development of highways, the green coverage of roadsides and the like is continuously increased, and the quantity of branches and leaves and natural fallen leaves of trees and landscaping trees cut off at both sides of the highways is also increased, so that the branches and leaves of the trees are good feed substitution sources. However, no effective technical means capable of processing the branches and leaves of these trees into feed has been reported.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a preparation method of a novel special feed with a health care function, aiming at the problems existing in the technology of utilizing branches and leaves of traditional trees as feeds.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of special feed with health care function comprises the following steps:

s101: and adding lactobacillus and saccharomycetes into a culture medium, and fermenting at 38 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain strain liquid.

S102: the strain liquid is added into a fermentation tank with fermentation liquid for expansion culture, and the weight parts of all substances in the fermentation tank are as follows: 5500-5559 parts of tap water, 129-132 parts of wheat bran, 3309-3371 parts of rice bran extract, 300-500 parts of sucrose, 8-12 parts of sodium chloride, 8-12 parts of urea and 500-550 parts of strain liquid; the fermentation process is that the temperature is kept at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, then the fermentation is carried out for 10 to 16 days at room temperature until the PH of the fermentation liquor is 3.2 to 3.8, and the liquid strain is obtained.

S201: pulverizing one or more of poplar leaf, willow leaf, pine leaf and biota orientalis leaf to 80-120 mesh to obtain pulverized raw material.

S202: pulping barley and soybean germinated to 0.8-1.2cm, and extracting to obtain complex enzyme.

S203: 55-65 parts by weight of crushed raw materials are mixed with 35-45 parts by weight of compound enzyme to obtain the compound raw materials.

S3: mixing the composite raw materials with liquid strain, sugar source and water, sealing, anaerobic fermenting at 36.5-37deg.C for 70-75 hr, and packaging into culture bag with exhaust valve, and culturing for 14-16d to obtain the final product.

Preferably, the culture medium in the step S101 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 800-1000 parts of distilled water, 30-50 parts of beef extract, 30-50 parts of sucrose, 0.8-1.2 parts of sodium chloride, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 1.4-1.5% of lactobacillus and 0.3-0.4% of saccharomycete.

Preferably, in the step S3, the parts by weight of each substance are as follows: 55-60 parts of composite raw materials, 5 parts of liquid strains, 2 parts of sucrose sugar sources and 35 parts of water; the bag pressure controlled by the vent valve was 15Kpa. When in use, 30% of feed is replaced by fermentation according to mass proportion, and 70% of conventional feed is fed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

1. the invention uses the leaves with the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines to replace feed raw materials, can effectively improve the immunity and increase the disease defense of animals.

2. The feed prepared by the method contains various probiotics (bacteria and fungi) and can promote intestinal digestion of livestock and poultry. The feed is rich in active substances and has high antioxidant activity. Contains amino acids, organic acids, polypeptides, polyketides, flavones, terpenes and various vitamins secreted and decomposed by various microorganisms, and is of great benefit to the bodies of domestic animals and poultry.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the crude protein content of the products of the examples.

Fig. 2 shows the cellulose content of the products of the examples.

FIG. 3 shows hemicellulose content of the products of the examples.

FIG. 4 shows lignin content of the products of the examples.

FIG. 5 shows the content of acid washing fiber in the products of the examples.

FIG. 6 shows the content of neutral detergent fiber in the products of the examples.

FIG. 7 shows the pH change during anaerobic fermentation of the feedstock.

FIG. 8 shows the change of total flavonoids in anaerobic fermentation of raw materials.

FIG. 9 shows the total sugar change during anaerobic fermentation of the feedstock.

FIG. 10 shows the change of total phenol in anaerobic fermentation of raw materials.

FIG. 11 shows the change of DPPH radical scavenging rate in anaerobic fermentation of raw materials.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, a further description of the invention will be provided with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the disclosure that follow.

The amounts used in the examples below are mass ratios or mass percentages unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

The mass ratio of each material is as follows:

taking fresh poplar leaves, willow leaves, biota orientalis leaves and pine leaves according to the proportion, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain crushed raw materials. Soaking barley and soybean in water for night to sprout to radicle about 1cm, pulping according to the ratio of water to soybean plus barley (calculated by dry matter) =19:1, adding lactic acid according to the ratio of 2.5:1, centrifuging at 4deg.C for 5min at 8000r/min to perform solid-liquid separation, extracting amylase, cellulase, protease and lipase together with the generated polypeptide, amino acid and oligosaccharide, taking clear liquid as active compound enzyme liquid, and then storing in lactic acid buffer solution with pH of 3.5 to be used as enzyme preparation for decomposing crude protein, crude fiber, crude starch and crude fat in feed.

60 parts of a feed raw material is replaced, 40 parts of a compound enzyme solution is mixed for nutrient availability for 8 hours, and the feed material is obtained. A5-cube stainless steel turbine agitator tank was used at 45 revolutions per minute, and after each 20 minutes of agitation, the tank was allowed to stand for 20 minutes with a temperature of 60.+ -. 5 ℃ and an air pressure of 15kPa. The extract is fully mixed with the feed replacement raw materials, so that the crude protein, crude fiber, crude starch and cellulose contained in the feed replacement raw materials are decomposed into nutrients available to animals, such as: maltose, dextrin, peptides, amino acids, monosaccharides, and the like.

Taking conventional commercial lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum, L1) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S1) with density of 108-1010ml ^-1 . The nutrient solution was prepared from 9000 g of distilled water, 400 g of beef extract (Qingdao sea Bo Biotechnology Co., ltd.), 400 g of sucrose, 10 g of sodium chloride and 10 g of urea in this ratio. 200ml of nutrient solution is taken after preparation, inoculated with 1mlL1 and 1ml of S1, fermented for 24 hours at 38 ℃, and placed at 25 ℃ for standby. The resulting strain was designated as C2 strain herein.

The following ingredients were added to a stainless steel fermenter having a volume of 10 tons: 5500 kg of tap water, 190 kg of wheat bran, 3370 kg of rice bran extract (main components are protein and fat, woltesi biotechnology Co., ltd.) of Lanzhou, 400 kg of sucrose, 10 kg of sodium chloride, 10 kg of urea, 520 kg of C2 strain liquid, fermenting at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, then after-ripening for 14 days at room temperature, and when the pH of the fermentation broth reaches 3.5+/-0.3, successfully preparing the liquid strain, and detecting that the viable bacteria amount reaches 10 ¹⁰ ml ^-1 。

The contents of the substances in the compound bacterial strain liquid are shown in tables 1 to 3.

TABLE 1 amino acid content list of composite bacterial solutions

TABLE 2 organic acid content list of composite bacterial solutions

TABLE 3 list of heavy metal acid contents (mg/kg) of composite bacterial solutions

As can be seen from tables 1-3, the compound strain liquid prepared by the method provided by the invention has higher content and types of amino acid and organic acid, and does not contain heavy metal.

Placing 5kg of liquid strain, 2kg of sucrose, 56kg of feed material and 37kg of water into a sealed tank, sealing and fermenting at 36.8 ℃ for 72 hours, then filling into a product bag with an exhaust valve, and after-ripening for 15 days to obtain the product.

Examples 2 to 5

Examples 2 to 5 described below differ from example 1 in that the proportions of the respective substances are changed as shown in Table 4.

Table 4 material ratios for the examples

	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4	Example 5
					Liquid strain	5 parts of	5 parts of	5 parts of	5 parts of
Sucrose glycogen	2 parts of	2 parts of	2 parts of	2 parts of
					Feed material	57 parts of	58 parts of	59 parts of	60 parts of
Water and its preparation method	36 parts of	35 parts of	34 parts	33 parts of
					Totals to	100 parts of	100 parts of	100 parts of	100 parts of

The content of each nutrient in the products of examples 1 to 5 was examined, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 6. As can be seen from FIGS. 1-6, the products prepared in each example were rich in nutrients, and the highest levels of nutrients were found in example 3.

In addition, the pH and total flavone, total sugar, total phenol, DPPH radical scavenging rate content in the production process of example 3 were measured over time, and the results are shown in FIGS. 7 to 11. As can be seen from fig. 7 to 11, in the anaerobic fermentation process of the raw materials, the pH is significantly reduced along with the extension of the fermentation time, and the principle is that anaerobic fermentation is performed in the process of fermenting instead of the feed, anaerobic microorganisms capable of producing acid, such as lactic acid bacteria, can utilize substrates, such as soluble carbohydrates, to produce lactic acid, reduce the pH value of the instead feed, inhibit the propagation and growth of spoilage bacteria, and when the pH value is below 3.5, it is generally considered that better fermentation quality can be obtained, a small amount of anaerobic microorganisms exist in a fermentation system, the fermentation system tends to be stable, and at this time, most of nutrient substances of the raw materials are preserved. The contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, acid washing fiber and neutral washing fiber are all significantly affected by different mixing ratios and fermentation times, and the content of crude proteins in the treatment group of example 3 is significantly higher than in the other examples; bacterial community composition is significantly associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, acid wash fibers and neutral wash fibers, and fungal community composition is significantly associated with lignin and acid wash fibers. The study found that the mixing ratio of the feed material and the liquid spawn in the treatment group of example 3 was 58%: and when the content of the protein in the special feed is 5%, the special feed rich in nutrient substances such as crude protein can be obtained after the special feed is fermented.

In the fermentation process, the physicochemical property change trend of the fermentation liquor is that: the pH is gradually reduced along with the extension of the fermentation time, the pH is gradually slowed down after the rapid reduction in the early stage of fermentation, and finally, the pH is basically stabilized at 2.88; the total sugar concentration gradually decreases along with the fermentation, and the concentration in the stable state is 2.12mg/mL, which is reduced by 96.6% compared with the concentration before fermentation. Partial active substance change law: the concentration of the total flavonoids is gradually increased in 0-14d at 0.128mg/mL and in 14-56d at 0.182mg/mL, and the total flavonoids has strong antioxidant activity compared with the total flavonoids before fermentation, can neutralize free radicals, lighten the damage of oxidative stress to fermenting microorganisms and protect the structural and functional integrity of cells. The antioxidant effect is achieved, and part of phenolic compounds have strong antioxidant capacity, so that the antioxidant effect can help to reduce or inhibit oxidation reaction in fermentation liquor, delay oxidative deterioration of the fermentation liquor and keep freshness and quality of the fermentation liquor. The phenolic compound also has antibacterial property, can inhibit or kill putrefying bacteria in the fermentation broth, reduce the possibility of putrefying and spoiling the fermentation broth, and prolong the shelf life of the fermentation broth. The total phenol concentration exhibited a first decrease, then an increase, then a decrease, and finally a relatively smooth fermentation of 56d, with a total phenol concentration of 0.376mg/mL. The rule of in vitro antioxidation change, such as DPPH free radical clear capability, is that the stable change trend is firstly increased and maintained from the whole fermentation process. And the fermentation time is increased by 110.8% compared with the fermentation time before 56 d. In the presence of the radical scavenger, single electrons of DPPH were trapped to lighten the color, the absorbance at the maximum light absorption wavelength was decreased in a linear relationship, and the decrease in absorbance level indicated an increase in oxidation resistance, thereby evaluating the oxidation resistance of the test sample. The free radical scavenging rate can be directly detected, and the content of the free radical oxidation resistant reaction substance in the reaction can be reacted. The higher the free radical scavenging rate, the better the oxidation resistance of the fermentation broth.

In summary, the branches and leaves of the biota orientalis which are trimmed off in landscaping are used as the raw materials for replacing the feed. The green materials have animal health care effect, save conventional feed, reduce feed cost, reduce feed import and solve the problem of insufficient farm land in China. The living complex enzyme in malt and bean sprouts is used for catalyzing and effectively converting nutrient substances in feed raw materials, so that cellulose, starch, crude protein and fat are respectively converted into sugar, amino acid and fatty acid which are favorable for absorption. In the fermentation process, various bacteria and fungi participate in fermentation activities, and the super-diversity probiotics enter intestines and stomach of animals, so that the animal digestion is facilitated, the animal immunity is improved, and the feed can be palatable. And when the mixing ratio of the feed material and the liquid strain is 58 percent: at 5%, the fermentation function is more abundant, and the physicochemical properties of the feed such as oxidation resistance are more stable and coordinated.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any equivalent embodiments which can be changed or modified by the technical content disclosed above can be applied to other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of special feed with health care function is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s101: adding lactobacillus and saccharomycetes into a culture medium, and fermenting at 38 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain strain liquid;

s102: the strain liquid is added into a fermentation tank with fermentation liquid for expansion culture, and the weight parts of all substances in the fermentation tank are as follows: 5500-5559 parts of tap water, 129-132 parts of wheat bran, 3309-3371 parts of rice bran extract, 300-500 parts of sucrose, 8-12 parts of sodium chloride, 8-12 parts of urea and 500-550 parts of strain liquid; the fermentation process is that the temperature is kept for 24 hours at 30 ℃, then the fermentation is carried out for 10 to 16 days at room temperature until the PH of the fermentation liquor is 3.2 to 3.8, and liquid strain is obtained;

s201: pulverizing one or more of poplar leaf, willow leaf, pine leaf and biota orientalis leaf to 80-120 mesh to obtain pulverized raw material;

s202: pulping barley and soybean germinated to 0.8-1.2cm, and extracting to obtain compound enzyme;

s203: 55-65 parts by weight of crushed raw materials are mixed with 35-45 parts by weight of compound enzyme to obtain compound raw materials;

2. The preparation method of the special feed with the health care function according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium in the step S101 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 800-1000 parts of distilled water, 30-50 parts of beef extract, 30-50 parts of sucrose, 0.8-1.2 parts of sodium chloride, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 1.4-1.5% of lactobacillus and 0.3-0.4% of saccharomycete.

3. The preparation method of the special feed with the health care function according to claim 1, wherein the mass parts of each substance in the step S3 are as follows: 55-60 parts of composite raw materials, 5 parts of liquid strains, 2 parts of sucrose sugar sources and 35 parts of water; the bag pressure controlled by the vent valve was 15Kpa.