CN117397680A - Medicament for preventing apple rot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Medicament for preventing apple rot and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117397680A CN117397680A CN202311033179.6A CN202311033179A CN117397680A CN 117397680 A CN117397680 A CN 117397680A CN 202311033179 A CN202311033179 A CN 202311033179A CN 117397680 A CN117397680 A CN 117397680A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P3/00—Fungicides
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a medicament for preventing apple rot and a preparation method thereof, wherein the medicament comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of thiophanate methyl, 4-6 parts of triazolone, 8-10 parts of CB film forming material, 5-8 parts of mineral source fulvic acid, 0.3-0.5 part of glucamide, 8-12 parts of organic humic acid, 8-12 parts of dispersing agent and 40-45 parts of water, soaking carboxymethyl cellulose with water at the temperature of 60 ℃, diluting with warm water after soaking, adding polyvinyl acetate emulsion, stirring uniformly, and finally adding an auxiliary agent polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether to prepare the CB film forming material; sequentially adding other components into the CB film forming material and uniformly stirring; the prepared solution is ground to prepare the medicament for preventing apple rot, which is applied to the preparation method, can effectively prevent and treat apple rot, lighten pesticide residues of fruits, realize bagging-free production of high-quality fruits and achieve the aim of green and safe production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit tree disease prevention method, in particular to a medicament for preventing apple rot and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the apple tree planting area of China is about 3500 mu, and the apple tree planting area is mainly distributed in areas such as Shanxi areas, gansu areas, ningxia areas and Shandong smoke stations, and is a main source of economic income of farmers in local areas and is also a local agricultural production supporting industry.
In the apple growing process, the apple rot is a disaster which is easy to occur, the good apple is changed into defective apple by the rot, and the yield and quality of the apple are influenced, so that the orchard benefit is reduced, the apple rot is prevented and treated, the appearance quality of the apple is improved, the yield of the high-quality apple is increased, and the method plays a vital role in improving the economic benefit.
The method for preventing rotten fruit diseases of apple trees at present adopts a mode of combining fruit bagging and bactericide, and is characterized in that partial fruits such as worm fruits and diseased fruits are checked and removed, and then bagging is carried out, and systemic bactericide and protective bactericide are alternately used for spraying medicine for sterilization in a certain period of time after bagging.
Moreover, the fruit is covered with the bag, and the defects are more:
1. the fruit bagging cost is too high (the mu investment is 2500-3000 yuan), and if the fruits are sold, the fruit price is low, the risk of the grower is high.
2. When the rural labor force is used for bagging in the rural season, the labor force is lack, the complete bagging can not be carried out according to the season, the number of the remaining bare fruits is large, and corresponding new technical support is not available, so that the yield of secondary fruits is large, and the income is influenced.
3. In the picking period of apples, waste bags produced in an orchard seriously pollute the environment, and no treatment method exists yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the above-mentioned problems, the invention aims to provide a medicament for preventing apple rot and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively prevent apple rot, lighten pesticide residues of fruits, realize bagging-free production of high-quality fruits and achieve the aim of green and safe production.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows, and the medicament for preventing apple rot is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
8-10 parts of thiophanate-methyl 8-10 parts of triazolone 4-6 CB film forming material
Mineral source fulvic acid 5-8 glucamide 0.3-0.5
8-12 parts of organic humic acid, 8-12 parts of dispersant and 40-45 parts of water.
Preferably, the medicament for preventing apple rot consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
thiophanate-methyl 8 triazolone 4 CB film forming material 10
Mineral source fulvic acid 5 glucamide 0.4
Organic humic acid 10 dispersant 8 water 40.
Preferably, the CB film-forming material is prepared by mixing polyvinyl acetate emulsion and carboxymethyl cellulose, and adding an auxiliary agent polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, wherein the polyvinyl acetate emulsion is prepared by the following steps: carboxymethyl cellulose: the proportion of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether is 8:3:7.
preferably, the thiophanate-methyl is 8% thiophanate-methyl, and the triazolone is 4% triazolone.
Preferably, the mineral source fulvic acid is one of potassium fulvate and sodium fulvate, and the organic humic acid is potassium humate.
The preparation method of the medicament for preventing apple rot comprises the following steps:
(1) Soaking carboxymethyl cellulose in water at 60 ℃ for 40 hours, diluting with 20% warm water, adding polyvinyl acetate emulsion, stirring uniformly, and finally adding polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether as an auxiliary agent to prepare CB film-forming material;
(2) Adding thiophanate methyl, triazolone, mineral source fulvic acid, glucamide, organic humic acid, dispersing agent and water into the CB film forming material in sequence, and uniformly stirring;
(3) And grinding the prepared solution for 4 hours to prepare the medicament for preventing apple rot.
The medicament for preventing apple rot has the following beneficial effects;
1. the medicament plays a role in a carrier in a preparation formula through the polymer film forming effect of the CB film forming material, can integrate active ingredients, active substances and dispersing agents into a whole, is sprayed on the surfaces of leaves and fruits, forms a layer of sterilizing medicine film on the surfaces of plants after the water of the medicament is dispersed, is firmly combined with the objects, prevents rain wash from losing the medicine effect, prolongs the sterilizing medicine effect, plays a role in killing and blocking the release and propagation of conidia on pathogenic bacteria and disease spots, can prevent pathogenic bacteria and viruses from infecting, reduces the harmful residues of apple fruits, and meanwhile, the layer of film also plays a role in limiting the water dispersion of tree leaves and fruits and playing a role in water retention and drought resistance.
2. The mineral source fulvic acid in the medicament can promote the activity of stimulating various metabolic enzymes in crops, improve the function of absorbing nutrition of plant root systems, enhance stress resistance, improve the elimination capability of toxic substances on sulfhydryl groups and the disease resistance of crops in the metabolic process by improving the activity of SOD enzymes in fruits, reduce harmful residues of the fruits, reduce diseases of the fruit trees and improve the yield of the fruit trees.
3. The glucamide in the medicament plays roles in adhesiveness and permeability of the medicament on the surface of a plant body, such as compatibility of a dispersing agent and a water quality adjusting salt active substance, so that photosynthesis capacity of leaves and anthocyanin content of fruits are improved, and product performance is effectively improved. According to the Chinese fruit tree institute and Qingdao fruit tree institute, in the early 8 th of Qingdao 2008, the on-site physiological index of demonstration garden is measured, the chlorophyll content of apple leaves sprayed with the agent is higher than that of control tree by 8.3%, the carboxylation capability in tricarboxylic acid cycle in the process of plant material manufacturing is improved by 17.1%, the photosynthesis capability is improved by 12.1%, and CO 2 The availability of (carbon dioxide) was increased by 11.7%, the availability of light was increased by 33.7%, and the anthocyanin content affecting the fruit coloring matter was increased by 16%. Therefore, the internal quality and the appearance quality of the fruits are comprehensively improved, so that the color of the leaves is dark green, and the thickness of the leaves and the weight of the shutter are respectively increased by 8-12% and 5-7% on average.
4. The medicament realizes low content and high medicament effect, the lasting period of the medicament in plant bodies can be prolonged by 15-20 days compared with that of common bactericidal medicaments through the action of CB film-forming materials and glucose amide, the medicament use times can be reduced by 3-4 times, the pollution and the cost are reduced, and the national combat readiness targets of less medicament and fertilizer are realized.
5. The compound of the medicament has higher co-toxicity coefficient, and the control effect on fruit diseases such as apple rot, fruit rust, ring spot, anthracnose and the like reaches more than 95 percent.
6. Apple appearance quality after use of the medicament of the present application: the disease fruit rate is not more than 3%, the fruit points are small, the fruit surface is bright and clean and bright red, the coloring is uniform, and the commodity rate can reach more than 95%.
7. The medicament has outstanding effects on preventing and treating the rot of fruit trees, also has multiple functions of improving the internal and external quality of the fruit, and more importantly, can achieve higher preventing and treating effects under the condition of reducing the content of the medicament.
Detailed Description
The formula for preventing apple rot and the preparation method thereof are clearly and completely described below with reference to examples, and it is obvious that the described examples are only some examples of the invention, but not all examples. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A medicament for preventing apple rot consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
thiophanate-methyl 8 triazolone 4 CB film forming material 8
Mineral source fulvic acid 5 glucamide 0.3
Organic humic acid 8 dispersant 8 water 40.
The preparation method of the medicament for preventing apple rot comprises the following steps:
(1) Soaking carboxymethyl cellulose in water at 60 ℃ for 40 hours, diluting with 20% warm water, adding polyvinyl acetate emulsion, stirring uniformly, and finally adding polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether as an auxiliary agent to prepare CB film-forming material, wherein the polyvinyl acetate emulsion is prepared by the following steps: carboxymethyl cellulose: the proportion of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether is 8:3:7, preparing a base material;
(2) Adding thiophanate methyl, triazolone, mineral source fulvic acid, glucamide, organic humic acid, dispersing agent and water into the CB film forming material in sequence, and uniformly stirring;
(3) And grinding the prepared solution for 4 hours to prepare the medicament for preventing apple rot.
Example 2
A medicament for preventing apple rot consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
thiophanate-methyl 10 triazolone 6 CB film forming material 10
Mineral source fulvic acid 8 glucamide 0.5
Organic humic acid 12 dispersant 12 water 45.
The mineral source fulvic acid is potassium fulvate, and the organic humic acid is potassium humate;
the preparation method is the same as in the embodiment 1.
Example 3
A medicament for preventing apple rot consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
thiophanate-methyl 9 triazolone 5 CB film forming material 9
Mineral source fulvic acid 7 glucamide 0.4
Organic humic acid 10 dispersant 10 water 42.
The mineral source fulvic acid is sodium fulvate, and the organic humic acid is potassium humate;
the preparation method is the same as in the embodiment 1.
Example 4
A medicament for preventing apple rot consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
thiophanate-methyl 8 triazolone 4 CB film forming material 10
Mineral source fulvic acid 5 glucamide 0.4
Organic humic acid 10 dispersant 8 water 40.
The preparation method is the same as in the embodiment 1.
Example 5
A medicament for preventing apple rot consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
thiophanate-methyl 8 triazolone 4 CB film forming material 10
Mineral source fulvic acid 5 glucamide 0.4
Organic humic acid 10 dispersant 8 water 40.
The thiophanate-methyl is 8% thiophanate-methyl, and the triazolone is 4%.
The preparation method is the same as in the embodiment 1.
Example 6
1. Selecting an experiment area and a control area for spraying the medicament
The preparation of example 1 was applied to an apple garden of the Qingdao city-yang area Han Wacun, the area of the garden being about 2hm 2 The variety is red Fuji, M26 is used as dwarfing intermediate stock, row spacing is 3x 2M, tree vigor is middling for 6 years, the fruiting full period is better, the ventilation condition of the orchard is better, 10 rows of trees with more consistent growth vigor are selected as experimental areas in the middle of the orchard, and two sides of the 10 rows of trees are used as control areas.
From about half month after apple tree flower falling, spraying the pesticide according to rainfall condition, spraying the pesticide in an experiment area, spraying the pesticide according to the embodiment 1 of the application according to the conventional method, spraying the pesticide and the acaricide in a control area according to the normal management, spraying the pesticide in the experiment area and the control area by using a motor sprayer, wherein the dosage of a single plant is about 5L each time, and the spraying times and the spraying time of the two areas are the same.
And 5 trees are selected in the control area, fruits on the trees are bagged by double-layer apple paper bags, the bagging time is 6 months and 10 days, and the bagging time is 9 months and 30 days.
2. Comparison of results
The experimental area and the control area are sprayed with the pesticide for 8 times from the germination of the fruit trees to the 8 months at the bottom, wherein the fruit trees sprout for 1 time before the germination and are 7 times after the flower falling;
table 1 comparison of the test area with the agent of example 1 with the control area
According to the results of the comparison table, the bactericide applied to the control area is mainly carbendazim, 3 times of bordeaux mixture are applied in the later stage of fruit expansion, the chance of polluting fruit surfaces by the bordeaux mixture is increased, the residue of the bordeaux mixture is remained on almost every fruit surface when the fruits are picked, the residue of the apple bordeaux mixture of 5 trees in bags is less, but the bags need workload, and the bags can cause pollution. In the experimental area, the medicament of the embodiment 1 of the application is used, the used bactericide is greatly reduced, the Boldo liquid is not applied, and the harmful residues of fruits are reduced.
3. Experiment of the Effect of the Agents of example 1 of the present application on apple leaf growth
Spraying the fruit tree with the agent in the embodiment 1 of the application, wherein the leaves are dark green and glossy, randomly sampling and investigating in an demonstration area and a control area on 8 months and 31 days, collecting the leaves from the peripheral extension branch of each tree crown, taking the 6 th to 10 th leaves below the top leaves as samples, and taking the leaves back into the room to measure the shutter weight and thickness. The same sampling method was used in the field for 9 months and 2 days, and various physiological indexes were measured by using a portable photosynthetic measuring instrument (CIRAS-1) produced in England, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of the agents of example 1 of the present application on red Fuji apple leaf growth
As shown in the results of Table 2, the weight of the louver, the thickness of the louver, the chlorophyll content, the carboxylation efficiency, the photosynthetic capacity and the like of the apple leaf sprayed with the agent of the embodiment 1 of the application are obviously higher than those of a control area, and various physiological indexes show that the spraying of the agent of the embodiment 1 of the application increases the chlorophyll content in the leaf, improves the photosynthetic capacity, is beneficial to the formation and accumulation of photosynthesis products, and lays a material foundation for improving the quality of fruits.
Example 7
Test of the Agents of example 2 for controlling diseases
1.1 Effect of the agent of application example 2 on controlling two diseases
Under the condition that the spraying time and the spraying times of the demonstration area and the control area are the same, the rotten fruit disease rate of the apple ring rot and the leaf disease rate of the apple alternaria leaf spot are investigated in the field before the fruit is picked (10 months and 13 days), so as to show the control effect.
1.1.1 apple ring rot control effect
10 trees were randomly examined in the demonstration area and the control area, and 5 trees were examined in the bagging area. The total number of fruits on and under the tree (falling fruits) was investigated and the number of diseased fruits was recorded. At the time of fruit harvest (day 10 months and 25), 300 disease-free fruits were selected from each treatment, and the number of disease fruits in each treatment was examined by storing at room temperature for 30 days, and the results are shown in Table 3.
1.1.2 prevention and treatment Effect of apple alternaria leaf spot
10 trees are selected in the demonstration area and the control area, all leaves on 5 young shoots are randomly investigated at the periphery of each tree crown, the number of the leaves is recorded according to the leaf classification standard, the leaf rate and the disease index are calculated, and the result is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 effects of controlling apple ring rot and alternaria leaf spot
Note that: leaf grading criteria (in number of lesions on leaf): level 0: no disease spots: stage 1: 1-2: 2 stages: 3-6: 3 stages: 7-10: 4 stages: more than 10.
As shown in Table 3, the fruit rot rate of the demonstration area is 4.12% when the apple is picked, 4.0% after the apple is stored for 30 days, and the apple rot rate is not obviously different from that of the production control area, so that the medicament of application example 3 is a good medicament for preventing and treating apple ring rot, but the effect of controlling the fruit rot rate is still not as good as that of bagging treatment, and the prevention and treatment effect of the medicament of application example 3 on alternaria leaf spot is slightly better than that of the control area, so that the medicament of application example 3 also has good prevention and treatment effect on alternaria leaf spot.
1.2 influence of the agent of example 2 of the present application on the appearance quality of red Fuji apple fruit:
before fruit harvest (day 10 months 13), each treated fruit was investigated for coloration, fruit embroidery level and fruit surface brightness. 5 trees with relatively consistent growth vigor and result quantity are selected in each treatment area, 20 fruits are investigated in total in the east, west, south, north and middle 5 directions of the tree crowns, according to each grading standard investigation record, the fruit surface coloring index, the fruit embroidery index and the fruit surface light brightness index are respectively obtained according to an index calculation formula, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of the pharmaceutical preparation of application example 2 on the appearance quality of Fuji apple fruits
Note that: 1. fruit surface color grading criteria (estimated as percentage of colored area old fruit area) grade 1: 50% or less: 2 stages: 50% -70%: 3 stages: 70% -85%; 4 stages: 85% -95%;5 stages: 95% or more.
2. Fruit embroidery grading standard: level 0: smooth and rust-free fruit surface: stage 1: the area of rust spots at the esteem or peduncles is smaller than 2 cm: 2 stages: the calyx depression, peduncle depression or rust spot area is 2-5cm:3 stages: rust spot area is 5-10 cm: 4 stages: the rust spot area is more than 10cm.
3. Fruit surface light brightness grading standard: stage 1: fruit surface matt brightness: 2 stages: the fruit surface has brightness, but is not obvious: 3 stages: the fruit surface is bright and is like waxing.
4. Calculating an index: index=z (number of stages×number of fruits at each stage) ×100 (total fruits investigated×highest number of stages)
As seen from the results in Table 4, the fruit coloring period was 11 days earlier in the demonstration area compared with the control area, the fruit coloring index and the fruit surface brightness index were significantly improved, and the fruit embroidery index was significantly reduced. The color index of the cap fruit is improved compared with the demonstration area, but no obvious difference exists between the cap fruit and the demonstration area; the cap fruit is colored more vividly, but the fruit surface is matt, and the brightness index is obviously smaller than that of the demonstration area (the cap fruit, cap fruit and spray fruit are all seen in the cover plate)
1.3 Effect of the agent of example 2 of the present application on the intrinsic quality of Fuji apple fruit
Before fruit harvest (day 10 and 13), 30 disease-free fruits were randomly picked from the demonstration area, the control area and the bagging area, respectively, brought back into the room for measurement of hardness and soluble solids content, and analyzed for soluble total sugar, reducing sugar, malic acid and vitamin C, and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Effect of the medicament of example 2 of the present application on Red Fuji apple quality
As shown in Table 5, the fruit hardness, soluble solids content and vitamin C content of the exemplary region are significantly improved, and the malic acid content is increased, compared with the control region and the bagging region, which reduces the sour-to-sugar ratio of Fuji apples, so that the Fuji apples are moderate in sour and sweet and better in flavor.
Example 8
For the comprehensive comparison of calcium content, hardness, taste and degree of coloration of apple fruits, the following test was performed
1. Material
1. The basic overview test of the test garden is carried out on a Wang Gugou village Li Mingyan orchard which is positioned in an optimal eugenic region of apples, has an altitude of 1100 meters, has large day-night temperature difference, sufficient illumination, 650 millimeters of annual average precipitation, deep soil layer and no pollution, and belongs to a good agriculture standard base orchard.
2. The total area of the orchard is 5 mu, the test is 30 trees, and the test varieties are rich in length and short in branches.
3. 500 times of test article the medicament of example 3 of the present application +600 times of sugar alcohol fruit excellent calcium (manufactured by Shanxi Jiale agricultural Co., ltd.)
2. Test method
Firstly, on the basis of applying high-quality farmyard manure and mineral fertilizer in autumn of one year on an orchard, selecting 500 times of the medicament+600 times of sugar alcohol fruit excellent calcium in embodiment 3 of the application, spraying 4 times of the medicament on 6 months, 10 days, 7 months, 12 days, 8 months, 13 days and 9 months and 15 days of continuous leaf surfaces, sampling in a test garden respectively at about 30 days each time interval, observing the appearance of the fruit, measuring the calcium content and hardness of the fruit, and comprehensively comparing the taste and the coloring degree of the fruit.
3. Results and analysis
Five-point sampling method was carried out in Fuji orchards of Wang Gugou village Li Mingyan in Runzhen for 9 months and 28 days, and five fruits of C75-80 were collected at the periphery, middle and inner hall of the tree, respectively, and the measurement results are shown in the table:
TABLE 6 Effect of the agent of example 3 of the present application on Fuji apple fruit
1. Four times 500 times the effect of the agent of example 3 of the present application +600 times the effect of the fruit eucalcia on the calcium content of red Fuji apples;
from the table, the calcium content of each kilogram of apples in the test garden is higher than that of the periphery of the calcium content of fruits in the control garden by 1.3 mg, the calcium content of fruits in the middle part is higher than that of fruits in the control garden by 0.1 mg, the calcium content of apples in the inner hall is higher than that of apples in the control garden by 2.2 mg, the calcium content of fruits in the periphery of the apples is generally higher than that of the middle part and the inner chamber due to the influence of conditions such as pesticide spraying habit, strong growth vigor of branches, sufficient illumination and the like,
2. four times 500 times the effect of the agent of example 3 of this application on soluble solids content of red Fuji apples with 600 times the effect of the sugar alcohol fruit eucalcia
The content of soluble solids in the fruits at the periphery of the test garden is 1.1 percent higher than that in the fruits of the control garden, the content of soluble solids in the fruits at the middle part of the test garden is 1 percent higher than that in the fruits of the control garden, the content of soluble solids in the apples at the inner hall is 1.1 percent higher than that in the apples of the control garden, and the test garden has enough nutrient substances and surplus illumination ventilation conditions, so that the quality of the fruits of the test garden is obviously higher than that of the control garden, the effect is obvious,
3. four times 500 times the effect of the agent of example 3 of this application on hardness of red Fuji apples with 600 times the effect of the calcium from the sugar alcohol fruit
The hardness of the fruits at the periphery of the test garden is 1.7 pounds higher than that of the fruits at the middle part of the control garden, the hardness of the fruits at the middle part of the test garden is 1.5 pounds higher than that of the fruits at the middle part of the control garden, and the hardness of the apples at the inner hall is 0.8 pounds higher than that of the apples at the control garden, so that the calcium content of the fruits is increased, the cells are tightly combined, the cells are uniformly and orderly distributed, and the hardness is obviously higher than that of the control garden.
4. Four times 500 times the effect of the agent of example 3 of this application on the red Fuji tree phase with the 600 times the effect of the Ubbelo calcium
After the experiment garden is sprayed with the medicament of the embodiment 3 of the application and 600 times of fruit calcium, the photosynthesis of the leaves is enhanced, the accumulation of organic nutrients is more, the tree vigor is enhanced rapidly, the soluble solid content of the fruits, especially the sugar content is increased, the rapid improvement of the internal quality of the fruits is promoted, the fruits are colored comprehensively, the nutrition is rich, the taste is superior,
5. from the test orchard, four times of 500 times of the apple noodles sprayed with the medicament of the example 3 and 600 times of sugar alcohol fruit eucalcia are clean, glossy and bright in color, the water rust is only 2.3%, the eucarpus rate reaches 65.6%, and the full red fruits are 64.3%, while the control is that 8% of apples have water rust, the apple noodles are not smooth, the eucarpus rate reaches 63.16%, and the full red fruits only have 58.1%.
4. Conclusion(s)
The chemical agent of the embodiment 3 of the application and the high-quality calcium solution of 600 times sugar alcohol fruits are sprayed four times continuously in the growing period of fruits in the Fuji orchard of the town Wang Gugou village Li Mingyan, so that the calcium content of the fruits is improved, the internal quality of the fruits is improved, the commodity rate of the fruits is improved, more importantly, the fruit surfaces are clean, the scale damage caused by continuous overcast and rainy water to the later stages of the fruits is obviously reduced, the improvement degree of the appearance of the apples by bagging cannot be achieved, but the finish of the fruits can be increased compared with the apples without bagging, the scale damage is reduced, the commodity rate is improved, the benefit of the orchard is increased, and the bagging-free cultivation is very important in future.
Example 9
Experiments were performed around disease alleviation and fruit quality improvement:
1. the test is basically as follows: the test land is located in an orchard of Yang Zhenhuang village Li Haigong of Qian county peak, the main cultivated species is red Fuji pollinating tree Qin, plant row spacing is 3X4 meters, area is 3 mu, tree age is 23 years, mountain area is early land without water source irrigation condition, yellow ten layers are thicker, and management level is medium.
2. Test materials: the test material is the agent of example 4 of the present application
3. Test design and method: the leaf spraying method is adopted, and the spraying is carried out once respectively and twice in the young fruit stage, before bagging and after bag picking. The dilution times of the products are 300 times and 600 times, and the control tree is used for conventional medicine.
4. Observation items:
4. the ring spot and anthracnose of the 1 st round are obviously reduced compared with the control
4. 2 the surface of the fruit is smooth, glossy and as if it were coated with a wax.
5. Investigation time and method:
5. 1 investigation time: investigation of growth conditions 5 and 2 and standard respectively before and after harvest (7-8 months) and before and after harvest (9-10 months) during fruit expansion period: five-point sampling method is adopted, disease investigation is classified into 3 grades of control, alleviation and disease susceptibility in 9-10 months of the selected sampling tree, 20 fruits are collected for investigation before harvesting, and investigation standards are classified into fruit surface brightness and general grade 2. The calculation result is the average number of investigation data.
Table 7 questionnaire of the application effect of the agent of example 4 of the present application on apples
5. Analysis and conclusion: from the test results, the effects of the agent in the embodiment 4 of the application on prevention and control of the ring spot and the anthracnose of the branches reach ideal conditions, the fruit surfaces of the test area reach brightness degrees in comparison with different degrees of infection, the fruit surfaces of the test area are fine and bright, the commodity rate is greatly improved, the fruit surfaces of the control area are relatively coarse, the content of the liquid soluble solid in the test area 300 times is 16.2 (279), 16.5 (27/9), 600 times of liquid 17.8 (18/10) and 17.7 (18/10) are more than 15.2 (27/9) and 15.8 (18/10) 1-2 percentage points of the control tree, and the preservation rate of leaves in the later stage of the test area is (80%) obviously higher than that of the control tree (53.3%). Compared with the leaves of the control tree, the leaves of the test tree are dark green, thick, solid and glossy, and the leaves of the control tree fall off in a large amount immediately after encountering a bad environment in the later period of the control tree, so that the test tree is very fast in falling light, and the test tree still has not too much fallen leaves.
Therefore, the agent can effectively prevent and control the branch ring spot and anthracnose, can improve the quality of fruits, increases the surface light cleanliness, effectively and greatly improves the commodity rate, and is worthy of popularization and application.
Example 10
The agent of example 5 of the present application was tested with no concentration of agent:
1. test materials
Table 8 test material selection comparison
2. The test method comprises the following steps: the first application of the drug before the incidence of apple ring rot is carried out, the drug is applied again at intervals of 15 days, the total application of the drug is carried out for 3 times, and the recommended dosage is as follows: the dosage of the active ingredients is 200-300 mg/kg, and the dosage of the preparation is 400-600 times of dilution. 4. Observation items:
3. test results:
TABLE 9 comparison of the results of the test of the agent of example 5 with the agent without concentration
Note that: the treatment control effect is the average value of each repetition, the capital letters represent 1% difference significance, and the lowercase letters represent 5% difference significance.
The comparison of the data in the table shows that the medicament has lower average disease and fruit rate, higher average prevention effect and smaller difference significance in the harvesting period.
Example 11
Demonstration Effect evaluation
The application of the medicament has the following characteristics when the medicament is applied to apple trees.
(1) Is a good medicament for preventing and treating main diseases of apples
At present, the main diseases which harm apples are apple ring rot and alternaria leaf spot. In production, the same bactericide is used for simultaneously preventing and treating the two diseases often cannot achieve the expected purpose, and the spraying application medicament can achieve the effect of simultaneously preventing and treating the two diseases.
(2) Has the effect of foliar fertilizer
After the preparation is sprayed, apple leaves are obviously greened, glossy and thick and smooth in hand feeling. The analysis of the instrument shows that each physiological index of the leaf is beneficial to the formation and accumulation of organic substances as if the leaf fertilizer is sprayed.
(3) Can improve fruit quality
An important index of quality fruits is to have beautiful and bright fruit surfaces. The fruits sprayed with the application agent are early in coloring, high in coloring index, less in fruit embroidery, natural in coloring, and clear and shiny in fruit surface, and are similar to waxing. From the viewpoint of the internal quality of fruits, the pharmaceutical preparation of spray application example 3 has high fruit hardness and high content of soluble solids, and has the characteristics of good quality fruits. It is also observed that the coloring period of the Gala apples in the demonstration area is 10-15 days earlier than that of the fruits in the control area, and the selling price per kilogram is 1.0 yuan higher.
(4) Reducing pesticide pollution
The medicament is a dosage form prepared by compounding a bactericide, a nutritional agent and a film forming agent, wherein the content of the bactericide is only 7.2 percent. Due to the film forming property, the rainwater flushing resistance of the pesticide is improved, so that the loss of the bactericide is reduced, a small amount of bactericide can play a better role in sterilizing, and under the condition that the number of times of the conventional pesticide application is the same, the total amount of pesticide applied to an orchard is reduced greatly, so that the pollution of the pesticide to the environment is reduced, and the residue of the pesticide in fruits is reduced. Therefore, the medicament of the application is a good bactericide for producing pollution-free fruits.
In conclusion, the medicament has the effects of preventing diseases and enhancing photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, has the effects of improving the external quality and the internal quality of fruits, and has good application prospect in producing high-quality pollution-free fruits.
Claims (6)
1. A medicament for preventing apple rot, which is characterized in that: the material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
8-10 parts of thiophanate-methyl 8-10 parts of triazolone 4-6 CB film forming material
Mineral source fulvic acid 5-8 glucamide 0.3-0.5
8-12 parts of organic humic acid, 8-12 parts of dispersant and 40-45 parts of water.
2. The agent for preventing apple rot according to claim 1, wherein: the material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
thiophanate-methyl 8 triazolone 4 CB film forming material 10
Mineral source fulvic acid 5 glucamide 0.4
Organic humic acid 10 dispersant 8 water 40.
3. The agent for preventing apple rot according to claim 1, wherein: the CB film forming material is prepared by mixing polyvinyl acetate emulsion and carboxymethyl cellulose, and adding an auxiliary agent polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, wherein the polyvinyl acetate emulsion is prepared by the following steps: carboxymethyl cellulose: the proportion of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether is 8:3:7.
4. the agent for preventing apple rot according to claim 2, wherein: the thiophanate-methyl is 8% thiophanate-methyl, and the triazolone is 4%.
5. The agent for preventing apple rot according to claim 2, wherein: the mineral source fulvic acid is one of potassium fulvate and sodium fulvate, and the organic humic acid is potassium humate.
6. The preparation method of the medicament for preventing apple rot comprises the following steps:
(1) Soaking carboxymethyl cellulose in water at 60 ℃ for 40 hours, diluting with 20% warm water, adding polyvinyl acetate emulsion, stirring uniformly, and finally adding polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether as an auxiliary agent to prepare CB film-forming material;
(2) Adding thiophanate methyl, triazolone, mineral source fulvic acid, glucamide, organic humic acid, dispersing agent and water into the CB film forming material in sequence, and uniformly stirring;
(3) And grinding the prepared solution for 4 hours to prepare the medicament for preventing apple rot.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311033179.6A CN117397680A (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | Medicament for preventing apple rot and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311033179.6A CN117397680A (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | Medicament for preventing apple rot and preparation method thereof |
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