CN117384681A - Device and process for preparing high-quality synthetic gas through staged gasification of biomass circulating fluidized bed - Google Patents

Device and process for preparing high-quality synthetic gas through staged gasification of biomass circulating fluidized bed Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117384681A
CN117384681A CN202311343414.XA CN202311343414A CN117384681A CN 117384681 A CN117384681 A CN 117384681A CN 202311343414 A CN202311343414 A CN 202311343414A CN 117384681 A CN117384681 A CN 117384681A
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fluidized bed
gasification
circulating fluidized
biomass
temperature
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王勤辉
方梦祥
骆仲泱
解桂林
朱德敖
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a process for preparing high-quality synthetic gas by graded gasification of a biomass circulating fluidized bed, wherein the device comprises a circulating fluidized bed gasifier, a cyclone separator, a high-temperature gasification chamber, a cavity cooling chamber and a waste heat recovery device; the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is provided with a catalyst consisting of O 2 、H 2 O and CO 2 A gasifying agent inlet formed by three gases, wherein a biomass feeding device is arranged at the middle lower part of the gasifying agent inlet; the gas outlet at the top of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is connected with the upper inlet of the cyclone separator, and the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the lower part of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier; the top outlet of the cyclone separator is sequentially connected with a high-temperature gasification chamber and a cavity cooling chamberAnd a waste heat recovery device; the high-temperature gasification chamber is provided with an oxygen inlet. The invention can use various complex and variable characteristic biomasses to prepare high-quality synthetic gas, thereby realizing the efficient resource utilization of the biomasses.

Description

Device and process for preparing high-quality synthetic gas through staged gasification of biomass circulating fluidized bed
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomass gasification, in particular to a device and a process for preparing high-quality synthetic gas by biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification.
Background
The total amount of utilization of the existing fertilizer, feed, matrix, raw material and other approaches is very low, and a large amount of the existing fertilizer, the existing feed, matrix and raw material are burnt or discarded in open air, so that serious environmental pollution is caused. Biomass is taken as a carbon-containing clean renewable energy source, the recycling utilization of the biomass is a development trend to replace fossil energy sources such as petroleum, natural gas, coal and the like, wherein the conversion of biomass into high-quality synthesis gas by gasification is a main development direction for realizing the application of recycling materials of agriculture and forestry waste into negative carbon, is an important way for expanding the utilization of biomass resources, and can further improve the position of biomass energy in the future energy market.
Biomass gasification techniques can be classified into fixed bed gasification, fluidized bed gasification, and entrained flow gasification, depending on the gasification apparatus. The Chinese patent document with publication number CN102226112A discloses a microwave entrained flow bed two-section biomass gasification process; publication number CN108559548A discloses a biomass fluidized bed gasifier.
The fixed bed gasification technology has high requirements and small treatment capacity, and is difficult to treat straw biomass with high potassium and chlorine content on a large scale, and gasified synthetic gas contains tar; the entrained flow gasification technology has great control difficulty and is not applied to industry; because of the characteristics of good fuel adaptability, controllable gasification loop temperature, capability of realizing large-scale gasification and utilization of complex and changeable biomass with high potassium and chlorine content, and the like, the fluidized bed gasification technology has been used for industrial application at present, but the fluidized bed gasification furnace in industrial application adopts an air gasification process, and the obtained synthesis gas has high nitrogen content and low effective components, is commonly used for cogeneration and is difficult to be used for chemical synthesis raw materials. Meanwhile, because the gasified synthetic gas generated by the fluidized bed gasification technology also contains tar due to the limitation of fuel characteristics and gasification temperature, the tar-containing synthetic gas can not only cause pipeline blockage in the cooling and purifying process, but also influence the normal operation of a synthetic gas cooling waste heat recovery system, and meanwhile, the treatment difficulty and the cost of tar-containing waste water generated by cooling the synthetic gas are high; in addition, many substances in tar have carcinogenic action, so tar is a technical bottleneck which needs to be solved urgently for biomass gasification to produce high-quality synthesis gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a process for preparing high-quality synthetic gas by graded gasification of a biomass circulating fluidized bed, which can prepare high-quality synthetic gas by using various biomass with complex and variable characteristics, and realize efficient resource utilization of biomass.
A device for preparing high-quality synthetic gas by graded gasification of a biomass circulating fluidized bed comprises a circulating fluidized bed gasifier, a cyclone separator, a high-temperature gasification chamber, a cavity cooling chamber and a waste heat recovery device;
the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is provided with a gasifying agent inlet, and the middle lower part of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is provided with a biomass feeding device; the synthesis gas outlet at the top of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is connected with the upper inlet of the cyclone separator, and the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the lower part of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier; the top outlet of the cyclone separator is sequentially connected with a high-temperature gasification chamber, a cavity cooling chamber and a waste heat recovery device; the high-temperature gasification chamber is provided with an oxygen inlet.
The device adopts a mode of combining a single circulating fluidized bed gasifier with a high-temperature gasification chamber, avoids the problems of slag formation, agglomeration and the like of a fluidized bed by controlling the temperature of a circulating fluidized bed gasification loop, and simultaneously further improves the gasification temperature in the high-temperature gasification chamber to strengthen the grading gasification reaction so as to completely decompose tar contained in gasified synthetic gas into CO and H 2 、CH 4 The components of the synthesis gas are equal, the cavity cooling chamber is adopted to cool the gasified synthesis gas and cool the contained liquid low-temperature melt into solid fine particles, the problems of slag bonding, ash deposition blocking and the like of a subsequent convection heating surface pipe are avoided, the waste heat recovery device is adopted to further cool the gasified synthesis gas and simultaneously meet the requirements of subsequent gasification synthesis gas treatment, and the high-quality synthesis gas is prepared and the heat is efficiently recovered; meanwhile, the circulating fluidized bed gasifier can be pressurized by settingThe feeding system operates in a pressurized state, and has the advantage of pressurized gasification.
Preferably, the inner wall of the cavity cooling chamber is formed by a membrane water wall, the upper outlet of the membrane water wall is connected with one inlet of the steam drum, and the lower inlet of the membrane water wall is connected with one outlet of the steam drum.
Further, the waste heat recovery device is provided with heating surfaces such as a superheater and an economizer along the air flow direction, an inlet of the superheater is connected with an outlet of the steam drum, and an outlet of the superheater is communicated with the external environment; the outlet of the economizer is connected with one inlet of the steam drum, and the inlet of the economizer is connected with the water inlet pipe.
Further, the lower outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected with the synthesis gas purifying treatment unit.
Further, an outlet of the high-temperature gasification chamber is connected with an upper inlet of the cavity cooling chamber, and a lower outlet of the cavity cooling chamber is connected with an upper inlet of the waste heat recovery device.
The invention also provides a biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification process for preparing high-quality synthesis gas, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, biomass is added into a circulating fluidized bed gasifier from a biomass feeding device, and O is introduced into a gasifying agent inlet at the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier 2 、H 2 O and CO 2 The three gases are mixed with gasifying agents according to the requirements of the gasification process in proportion, and biomass and the gasifying agents are subjected to pyrolysis, combustion and gasification reaction in a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace to generate gasification synthetic gas;
step 2, enabling gasified synthetic gas generated by the circulating fluidized bed gasifier to enter a cyclone separator, and enabling the separated gasified synthetic gas to carry fine ash particles into a high-temperature gasification chamber; simultaneously, oxygen is introduced into the high-temperature gasification chamber, the gasified synthetic gas is combusted and gasified in the high-temperature gasification chamber, the temperature of the high-temperature gasification chamber is further increased to 900-1100 ℃, the contained tar is thoroughly decomposed, and tar decomposition products become synthetic gas components;
step 3, the tar-free gas generated by the high-temperature gasification chamber carries a small amount of low-temperature melt and fine ash into a cavity cooling chamber formed by a membrane water-cooled wall for cooling, and the contained liquid low-temperature melt is cooled into solid fine particles while the synthesis gas is cooled;
and 4, enabling the gasified synthetic gas produced by the cavity cooling chamber to enter a waste heat recovery device, and using the high-quality gasified synthetic gas after waste heat recovery to a subsequent synthetic gas dust removal purification section.
The process adopts the wide-fuel-adaptability biomass circulating fluidized bed gasification process based on ash sintering temperature control, greatly releases the limit on specific biomass, can greatly reduce the cost of raw materials, and can adjust the gasification agent O for the composition of the synthesis gas 2 、H 2 O and CO 2 The composition of the three gases is regulated in a certain range, and water vapor can be used less or not, so that the gasification energy consumption, water consumption, wastewater treatment capacity and the like can be reduced.
Further, in the step 1, the operation temperature of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is controlled between 750 ℃ and 900 ℃ according to the characteristics of biomass fuel and the ash sintering temperature of biomass, so that the problems of slag bonding, agglomeration and the like in the gasification process of the circulating fluidized bed are avoided; at the same time, gasifying agent O in the gasification section of the circulating fluidized bed can be regulated 2 、H 2 O and CO 2 The composition ratio and the inflow amount of the three gases and the inflow amount of oxygen in the high-temperature gasification section regulate and control the operation parameters such as gasification temperature, optimize gasification reaction characteristics and regulate and control the composition of the synthesis gas and the energy consumption of the gasification furnace in a certain range.
The circulating fluidized bed gasification is a wide-fuel adaptability biomass fluidized bed gasification process based on ash sintering temperature control, the running temperature of a gasification furnace is controlled between 750 ℃ and 900 ℃ according to the characteristics of biomass fuel, and the problems of slag bonding, agglomeration and the like in the fluidized bed gasification process are avoided, so that the usable biomass comprises high-potassium chlorine and biomass with complex and variable characteristics. By O 2 、H 2 O and CO 2 As gasifying agent, two-stage high temperature gasification is combined simultaneously, low nitrogen content and CO and H content can be obtained 2 And CO 2 High quality synthesis gas with predominantly tar free components.
In the step 3, the cavity cooling chamber is used for cooling the gasified synthetic gas at the outlet of the high-temperature gasification chamber to below 750 ℃, so that low-temperature melt and biomass ash carried in the synthetic gas are ensured to enter the subsequent waste heat recovery device in a solid form, the problems of slag bonding, ash deposition blocking and the like of a heating surface pipe are avoided, and the heat contained in the high-temperature gas is recovered efficiently.
According to the steam parameter (temperature and pressure) requirements of the gasification agent of the gasification furnace, the superheated steam generated by waste heat recovery can be partially used as the gasification agent, and the steam with matched parameters can be extracted after cogeneration is used as the gasification agent.
Alternatively, the circulating fluidized bed gasifier operates under normal pressure or is operated in a pressurized state by a pressurized feeding system. The invention has the advantages of safety and reliability under normal pressure operation, small control difficulty of the device, low operation cost, high production capacity under pressurized operation, low tar yield, contribution to subsequent power generation and synthesis processes, and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the wide fuel adaptability biomass circulating fluidized bed gasification process based on ash sintering temperature control, so that the control of specific biomass is greatly released, and the raw material cost is greatly reduced.
2. The composition of the gasifying agent can be regulated and controlled, and by optimizing the composition of the gasifying agent and the gasifying operation parameters, water vapor can be used less or not, and the gasification energy consumption, water consumption, wastewater treatment capacity and the like can be reduced.
3. The method removes tar components from biomass rich in volatile components through staged gasification, and simultaneously generates CO and H 2 And CO 2 The method has the advantages that the influence of tar on equipment and subsequent utilization of the synthesis gas is eliminated, the heat of the high-temperature synthesis gas is efficiently recovered through the combination of the water-cooling cavity cooling chamber and the waste heat recovery device, the requirement of subsequent gasification synthesis gas treatment is met, the prepared high-quality synthesis gas can be used for producing clean natural gas or high-value chemicals, and the biomass utilization value and utilization efficiency are improvedBenefit is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inventive biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification high quality syngas apparatus.
1, a biomass feeding device; 2. a circulating fluidized bed gasifier; 3. a cyclone separator; 4. a high temperature gasification chamber; 5. a cavity cooling chamber; 6. a steam drum; 7. a waste heat recovery device; 8. a superheater; 9. an economizer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, it being noted that the examples described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, the biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification high-quality synthesis gas device comprises a biomass feeding device 1, a circulating fluidized bed gasifier 2, a cyclone separator 3, a high-temperature gasification chamber 4, a cavity cooling chamber 5, a steam drum 6 and a waste heat recovery device 7.
The middle lower part of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 is provided with a biomass feeding device 1; the lower part is provided with a gasifying agent inlet for introducing O 2 、H 2 O and CO 2 A gasifying agent consisting of three gases, and regulating and controlling components of gasified synthetic gas; the top gas outlet is externally connected with a cyclone separator 3. The cyclone separator 3 is connected with a high-temperature gasification chamber 4, a cavity cooling chamber 5 and a waste heat recovery device 7 in sequence.
The high-temperature gasification chamber 4 is provided with an oxygen inlet, the gasification temperature is further improved through the introduction of oxygen to strengthen the staged gasification reaction, tar components in the synthesis gas generated by the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 are completely decomposed, and the operation temperature is controlled between 900 ℃ and 1100 ℃ based on the biomass type.
The cavity cooling chamber 5 is formed by a membrane water cooled wall, can cool the gasification synthesis gas at the outlet of the high-temperature gasification chamber 4 to below 750 ℃, and simultaneously cools the liquid low-temperature melt and biomass ash contained therein into solid fine particles to enter the subsequent waste heat recovery device 7.
The upper outlet of the membrane wall is connected to an inlet of drum 6 and the lower inlet of the membrane wall is connected to an outlet of drum 6.
The waste heat recovery device 7 further cools the gasified synthesis gas while meeting the requirements of subsequent gasified synthesis gas treatment. The waste heat recovery device 7 is provided with heating surfaces such as a superheater 8, an economizer 9 and the like along the air flow direction, an inlet of the superheater 8 is connected with one outlet of the steam drum 6, and an outlet of the superheater 8 is communicated with the external environment; the outlet of the economizer 9 is connected with one inlet of the steam drum 6, and the inlet of the economizer 9 is connected with a water inlet pipe.
The following selects corn stalk as biomass as an example, and describes the biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification high-quality synthesis gas process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, biomass raw materials are fed into a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 through a biomass feeding device 1, and O is introduced into the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 2 -H 2 O-CO 2 Mixing gasifying agent, and pyrolyzing, burning and gasifying biomass in a furnace to produce gasified synthetic gas; the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 operates under normal pressure, and the operating temperature is controlled to be 750 ℃.
Step 2, the gasified synthetic gas generated by the circulating fluidized bed gasifier 2 enters a cyclone separator 3, the separated gasified gas enters a high-temperature gasification chamber 4 for a second step gasification reaction, and as oxygen is used as a gasifying agent of the high-temperature gasification chamber 4, the operating temperature of the high-temperature gasification chamber 4 is raised to 950 ℃, tar carried in the gasified gas is decomposed, carried fine ash particles are completely gasified, and tar decomposition and biological carbon complete gasification products such as CO and H are produced 2 、CH 4 Etc. to become a gasification syngas component.
Step 3, the gasified synthetic gas generated by the high-temperature gasification chamber 4 carries a small amount of low-temperature melt and fine ash into the cavity cooling chamber 5, wherein the low-temperature melt and fine ash become solid fine particles after being cooled by the cavity cooling chamber 5, and the gasified synthetic gas enters the waste heat recovery device 7 at the tail part and is further cooled into high-quality gasified synthetic gas which is used for a subsequent synthetic gas purification treatment unit. In addition, the temperature of the water fed to the waste heat recovery device 7 is 105 ℃, and the parameters of the generated high-temperature high-pressure steam are that the pressure is 9.8Mpa and the temperature is 540 ℃.
The feeding amount of the device is 8t/h, and the yield of high-quality gasification synthesis gas is about 8856Nm 3 And/h, the composition of the synthesis gas is 38.67% CO and 4.37% CH 4 、24.13％ H 2 、32.83％ CO 2 The amount of high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated was 8.49t/h.
The foregoing embodiments have described in detail the technical solution and the advantages of the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention, and any modifications, additions and equivalents made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The device for preparing the high-quality synthetic gas by grading gasification of the biomass circulating fluidized bed is characterized by comprising a circulating fluidized bed gasifier (2), a cyclone separator (3), a high-temperature gasification chamber (4), a cavity cooling chamber (5) and a waste heat recovery device (7);
the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier (2) is provided with a gasifying agent inlet, and the middle lower part of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is provided with a biomass feeding device (1); the synthesis gas outlet at the top of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier (2) is connected with the upper inlet of the cyclone separator (3), and the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator (3) is connected with the lower part of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier (2); the top outlet of the cyclone separator (3) is sequentially connected with a high-temperature gasification chamber (4), a cavity cooling chamber (5) and a waste heat recovery device (7); the high-temperature gasification chamber (4) is provided with an oxygen inlet.
2. The biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification high quality synthesis gas device according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the cavity cooling chamber (5) is formed by a membrane water wall; the upper outlet of the membrane water wall is connected with one inlet of the steam drum (6), and the lower inlet of the membrane water wall is connected with one outlet of the steam drum (6).
3. The biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification high quality synthesis gas device according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat recovery device (7) is provided with a superheater (8) and an economizer (9) along the air flow direction, the inlet of the superheater (8) is connected with one outlet of the steam drum (6), and the outlet of the superheater is communicated with the external environment; the outlet of the economizer (9) is connected with one inlet of the steam drum (6), and the inlet of the economizer is connected with the water inlet pipe.
4. The biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification high quality synthesis gas device according to claim 1, wherein the lower outlet of the waste heat recovery device (7) is connected to a synthesis gas purification treatment unit.
5. The biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification high quality synthesis gas device according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the high temperature gasification chamber (4) is connected with the upper inlet of the cavity cooling chamber (5), and the lower outlet of the cavity cooling chamber (5) is connected with the upper inlet of the waste heat recovery device (7).
6. A biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification process for preparing high-quality synthesis gas, which is characterized in that the biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification process for preparing high-quality synthesis gas according to any one of claims 1-5 comprises the following steps:
step 1, biomass is added into a circulating fluidized bed gasifier (2) from a biomass feeding device (1), and O is introduced into a gasifying agent inlet at the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier (2) 2 、H 2 O and CO 2 The three gases are mixed with gasifying agents according to the requirements of the gasification process in proportion, and biomass and the gasifying agents are subjected to pyrolysis, combustion and gasification reaction in a circulating fluidized bed gasifier (2) to generate gasification synthetic gas;
step 2, enabling the gasified synthetic gas generated by the circulating fluidized bed gasifier (2) to enter a cyclone separator (3), and enabling the separated gasified synthetic gas to carry fine ash particles into a high-temperature gasification chamber (4); simultaneously, oxygen is introduced into the high-temperature gasification chamber (4), gasification synthesis gas burns and gasification reaction is carried out in the high-temperature gasification chamber (4), the temperature of the high-temperature gasification chamber (4) is further increased to 900-1100 ℃, tar contained in the high-temperature gasification chamber is thoroughly decomposed, and tar decomposition products become synthesis gas components;
step 3, the tar-free gas generated by the high-temperature gasification chamber (4) carries a small amount of low-temperature melt and fine ash into a cavity cooling chamber (5) formed by a membrane water-cooled wall for cooling, and the liquid low-temperature melt contained in the gas is cooled into solid fine particles while the synthesis gas is cooled;
and 4, enabling the gasified synthetic gas produced by the cavity cooling chamber (5) to enter a waste heat recovery device (7), and using the high-quality gasified synthetic gas after waste heat recovery for a subsequent synthetic gas dust removal purification working section.
7. The biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification process for producing high quality synthetic gas according to claim 6, wherein in step 1, the operating temperature of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier (2) is controlled between 750 ℃ and 900 ℃ according to the characteristics of biomass fuel and based on ash sintering temperature of biomass, so as to avoid the problem of slag bonding and agglomeration in the circulating fluidized bed gasification process; at the same time by adjusting gasifying agent O in the gasification section of the circulating fluidized bed 2 、H 2 O and CO 2 The composition ratio and the inflow amount of the three gases and the inflow amount of oxygen in the high-temperature gasification chamber (4) regulate and control the gasification temperature, optimize the gasification reaction characteristic and regulate and control the synthesis gas components and the energy consumption of the gasification furnace.
8. The biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification process for producing high quality synthetic gas according to claim 6, wherein in step 3, the cavity cooling chamber (5) is used for cooling the gasified synthetic gas at the outlet of the high temperature gasification chamber (4) to below 750 ℃, so as to ensure that low temperature melt and biomass ash carried in the synthetic gas enter the subsequent waste heat recovery device (7) in a solid state form, and avoid slag formation and ash deposition blockage of a heating surface pipe, thereby efficiently recovering heat contained in the high temperature gas.
9. The biomass circulating fluidized bed staged gasification process for producing high quality synthesis gas according to claim 6, wherein the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace (2) is operated under normal pressure or the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace (2) is operated under pressurized state by a pressurized feeding system (1).
CN202311343414.XA 2023-10-17 2023-10-17 Device and process for preparing high-quality synthetic gas through staged gasification of biomass circulating fluidized bed Pending CN117384681A (en)

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