CN117381144A - Cathode hollow laser-electrolysis composite finish milling device and method and electrolytic tank - Google Patents

Cathode hollow laser-electrolysis composite finish milling device and method and electrolytic tank Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117381144A
CN117381144A CN202311537758.4A CN202311537758A CN117381144A CN 117381144 A CN117381144 A CN 117381144A CN 202311537758 A CN202311537758 A CN 202311537758A CN 117381144 A CN117381144 A CN 117381144A
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China
Prior art keywords
laser
electrolytic
tank
peristaltic pump
cathode
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苏志坤
李光先
龙雨
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Guangxi University
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Guangxi University
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Priority to CN202311537758.4A priority Critical patent/CN117381144A/en
Publication of CN117381144A publication Critical patent/CN117381144A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H5/00—Combined machining
    • B23H5/06—Electrochemical machining combined with mechanical working, e.g. grinding or honing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

The cathode hollow laser-electrolytic composite finish milling device comprises a laser head, an X-axis sliding table and an electrolytic tank, wherein the laser head is connected with the laser head; the electrolysis power supply negative pole is connected with the hollow tool negative pole, the work piece is connected to the positive pole, the electrolysis power supply is connected to the digital universal meter, peristaltic pump one's feed liquor union coupling solution groove, the drain pipe passes through pipe clamp and fixes between electrolysis trough and two drainage board wide mouths, and the drain pipe end extends to the electrolysis trough bottom and keep away from electrolyte boss, peristaltic pump two's feed liquor pipe end passes through pipe clamp and fixes between electrolysis trough and two drainage board narrow mouths, and the drain pipe end extends to in the electrolysis trough flush with the drainage board top surface and be close to electrolyte boss, peristaltic pump two's drain pipe passes through the filter and connects the solution groove, two pipe clamps are installed at X axle slip table both ends respectively. The invention can realize the laser-electrolytic composite finish milling processing with high efficiency, good quality and large coverage.

Description

Cathode hollow laser-electrolysis composite finish milling device and method and electrolytic tank
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser-electrolytic composite milling processing, and particularly relates to a cathode hollow laser-electrolytic composite finish milling device and method and an electrolytic tank.
Background
The multi-energy field composite processing realizes the processing of workpiece materials by utilizing the comprehensive action of two or more energy fields, and makes up the defect of single energy field processing while playing the advantages of each energy field, thereby realizing the advantage complementation. In the laser-electrolytic composite processing, the laser energy induces the temperature of the solution to rise so as to promote the dynamic effect of an electrochemical reaction area, so that the current density is increased, a passivation layer generated on the surface of a workpiece during electrolysis can be weakened, and the electrochemical reaction resistance is reduced; and electrolytic machining can remove the recast layer generated by laser machining, and meanwhile, the solution has a cooling effect on a laser machining area, so that the generation of a heat affected zone can be reduced. Based on the characteristics of laser-electrolytic composite processing, different control modes are designed to carry out space-time cooperative coupling on laser and electrochemical energy fields, and the method is specifically as follows:
patent CN1313514a discloses a jet liquid beam electrolysis-laser combined machining method and apparatus thereof, in which laser propagates to the surface of a workpiece in the jet liquid beam, thereby realizing laser machining, while the coaxial high-speed jet electrolyte beam impacts, rapidly cools and electrolyzes the laser machining region, thereby realizing recast removal and heat affected zone reduction of the machining region. However, when the laser passes through the electrolyte beam, the energy loss is serious due to multiple refraction and scattering, and when the laser power density exceeds a certain value, the laser energy is attenuated more due to the strong nonlinear absorption of the high-speed jet flow to the laser, so that the effective transmission of the laser energy is not facilitated.
Patent CN103706901B discloses a method and a device for processing micro ring grooves by combining hollow laser and electrolysis, which takes conductive glass as a tool cathode, reduces the critical decomposition voltage of the electrolysis processing under the irradiation of laser, further carries out the electrolysis processing on an irradiation area, controls the size of an annular processing area through a laser beam-changing system, and can change the size of the ring grooves as required within a certain range, thereby having certain processing flexibility. But the light transmittance of the conductive glass is 85% to 90%, loss can be caused to laser energy, the larger the laser energy is, the faster the loss of the conductive glass is, the light transmittance is further reduced, and meanwhile, due to the surface characteristics of the conductive glass, bubbles generated by electrolysis are easily adsorbed on the lower surface of the conductive glass, so that scattering and current propagation are prevented to laser, and efficient laser electrolytic composite processing is not facilitated.
The patent CN115007958B discloses a liquid-guide laser-electrolytic composite machining tool electrode system and a milling method, combines the advantages of water-guide laser machining and electrolytic machining, realizes large-coverage milling by coaxially and ectopic action of the water-guide laser machining and the electrolytic machining on workpiece materials, takes a central tube and an electrolyte liquid return tube as a tool cathode for electrolytic machining, and can dissolve and remove a recast layer generated by laser machining while carrying out electrolytic machining on materials around a laser machining area. However, the liquid guide laser can cause serious laser energy loss, and the auxiliary anode ring in the device can reduce the electric field intensity of the workpiece surface nearby, so that the current density of the workpiece surface processing area is uneven, and the uniform milling processing with large coverage area is not facilitated.
In summary, the existing laser-electrolytic composite processing method has certain limitations, such as serious laser energy loss, incapability of processing large areas at the same time, stray current corrosion or uneven current density on the surface of a workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a cathode hollow laser-electrolytic composite finish milling device and method, which aim to improve the utilization rate of laser energy and realize efficient, uniform and large-coverage laser-electrolytic composite finish milling processing so as to solve the problems that the laser-electrolytic composite processing in the prior art has serious laser energy loss, cannot simultaneously process a large area, has stray current corrosion or has uneven current density on the surface of a workpiece.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is specifically as follows:
the electrolytic tank comprises a tank body, an electrolytic tank boss and a sealing pad for placing a workpiece, wherein the electrolytic tank boss is arranged in the tank body, a second through tank communicated to the bottom of the tank body is arranged on the electrolytic tank boss, a sealing pad cover is arranged on the electrolytic tank boss, a hollow tool cathode is hung above the sealing pad through a tool cathode clamp, drainage plates are respectively arranged between two sides of the electrolytic tank boss and two sides of the tank body, and the two drainage plates are respectively symmetrically arranged and are in a splayed shape.
The cathode hollow laser-electrolytic composite finish milling device comprises a laser, a laser head, an X-axis sliding table, a Z-axis sliding table, a hollow tool cathode, a tool cathode clamp, an electrolytic system and an electrolytic tank, wherein the laser is connected with the laser head through an optical fiber, the laser head is arranged on the Z-axis sliding table, the X-axis sliding table is positioned below the laser head and is perpendicular to the Z-axis sliding table, and the electrolytic tank is arranged on the X-axis sliding table;
the electrolysis system comprises an electrolysis power supply, a digital multimeter, a pipe clamp, a peristaltic pump I, a peristaltic pump II, a filter and a solution tank, wherein the cathode of the electrolysis power supply is connected with a hollow tool cathode through a wire, the digital multimeter is connected with the electrolysis power supply, a liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump I is connected with the solution tank, a liquid outlet pipe is fixed between the electrolysis tank and the wide openings of the two drainage plates through the pipe clamp, the liquid outlet pipe end extends to the bottom in the electrolysis tank and is far away from an electrolyte boss, the liquid inlet pipe end of the peristaltic pump II is fixed between the electrolysis tank and the narrow openings of the two drainage plates through the pipe clamp, the liquid inlet pipe end extends to the electrolysis tank and is flush with the top surfaces of the drainage plates and close to the electrolyte boss, the liquid outlet pipe of the peristaltic pump II is connected with the solution tank through the filter, and the two pipe clamps are respectively arranged at two ends of the X-axis sliding table.
Further, the hollow tool cathode is connected with the lower body to form a T-shaped structure, the top of the upper body is provided with a first through groove communicated to the bottom of the lower body, the length of the first through groove is larger than that of the lower body, and the bottom surface of the hollow tool cathode is parallel to the surface of the workpiece.
Further, naCl solution and/or NaNO solution are respectively arranged in the solution tank 3 A solution.
The cathode hollow laser-electrolysis composite finish milling method adopting the cathode hollow laser-electrolysis composite finish milling device comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a workpiece on a sealing gasket, and connecting an anode of an electrolytic power supply with the workpiece through a lead wire passing through a through groove II, so that an initial machining gap between the surface of the workpiece and the bottom surface of a cathode of a hollow tool is 0.5-1 mm;
s2, respectively opening a peristaltic pump I and a peristaltic pump II, wherein a liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump I pumps the solution in the solution tank into the electrolytic tank, and when the liquid level of the electrolytic solution is higher than the top surface of the drainage plate, the liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump II pumps the solution higher than the top surface of the drainage plate, and the solution flows into the solution tank through the filter;
s3, opening the laser, adjusting the position of the laser head through the Z-axis sliding table, enabling laser emitted by the laser head to be focused on the surface of the workpiece through a through groove I of a cathode of the hollow tool, and adjusting laser parameters to enable a scanning path of the laser to be a straight line; and simultaneously turning on an electrolysis power supply, respectively carrying out laser processing and electrolytic processing, simultaneously controlling the X-axis sliding table to carry out reciprocating motion, enabling a processing area to be changed into a surface, turning off the power supplies of the laser, the X-axis sliding table, the Z-axis sliding table, the electrolysis power supply, the peristaltic pump I and the peristaltic pump II after finishing finish milling operation of the required area, discharging the workpiece, and finishing processing.
Further, in the step S2, the flow rate of the peristaltic pump I is the same as that of the peristaltic pump II, and the height of the drainage plate is 1.5 mm-2 mm higher than the surface of the workpiece.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
1. The cathode hollow laser-electrolysis composite finish milling device and method integrate the characteristics of laser-electrolysis immersion liquid processing and coaxial processing, and the thin immersion liquid film can greatly reduce the propagation distance of laser in electrolyte and reduce the loss of laser energy; the processing method with large coverage is also provided, and the material removal rate is improved;
2. the invention adopts the hollow tool cathode with the narrow through groove I, so that laser passes through the through groove I of the hollow tool cathode to process, the current density of the area of the hollow tool cathode, which is mapped on the surface of the workpiece, can be basically the same as that of the area of the tool cathode, which is mapped on the surface of the workpiece, thereby forming high-efficiency coupling of laser and electrolysis, meanwhile, a film of a immersion type processing method is reserved, the loss of laser energy is reduced, the uniformity of electrolytic processing on the surface of the workpiece is also ensured, and the hollow tool cathode can be placed right above the laser processing area, thus greatly improving the efficiency of electrolytic processing, and realizing the high-efficiency coupling of laser and electrolysis; the electrolytic tank with the boss is adopted, the positive electrode wire can pass through the through groove II of the boss and be connected to the bottom of the workpiece corresponding to the workpiece processing area, so that the current can be conducted efficiently, the stray current corrosion can be reduced, and the electric energy loss can be reduced; the positive electrode wire is directly connected to the bottom of the workpiece corresponding to the workpiece processing area, so that the potential of the workpiece processing area is highest, and according to a classical electric field theory, the current flowing direction always selects the shortest path from the high potential equipotential surface to the low potential equipotential surface, thereby reducing stray current corrosion; by adopting the electrolytic tank with the drainage plate, the flow velocity of the electrolyte in the processing area of the electrolytic tank can be fastest, so that sediment and bubbles generated by electrolysis can be quickly washed away.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cathode hollow laser-electrolytic composite finish milling device of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the hollow tool cathode of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic bottom view of fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrolytic cell of FIG. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of fig. 4.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrolytic cell, peristaltic pump one outlet tube, peristaltic pump two inlet tube and workpiece position relationship of FIG. 1.
Fig. 7 is a simulation experiment diagram of the surface current density of the workpiece.
FIG. 8 is a flow field flow rate simulation experiment of a solution in an electrolytic cell.
In the figure: 1. a laser head; 2. an optical fiber; 3. a laser; 4. a tool cathode clamp; 5. a hollow tool cathode; 501. a first through groove; 502. an upper body; 503. a lower body; 6. a workpiece; 7. a sealing gasket; 8. an electrolytic cell; 9. an X-axis sliding table; 10. a solution tank; 11. a filter; 12. peristaltic pump II; 13. peristaltic pump I; 14. a tube clamp; 15. a digital multimeter; 16. an electrolytic power supply; 17. a Z-axis sliding table; 801. a drainage plate; 802. a second through groove; 803. an electrolytic cell boss.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in the following drawings and description of specific embodiments, it being noted that the specific embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the cathode hollow laser-electrolytic composite finish milling device provided in this embodiment includes a laser 3, a laser head 1, an X-axis sliding table 9, a Z-axis sliding table, a hollow tool cathode, a tool cathode fixture and a workpiece, an electrolytic system and an electrolytic cell according to claim 1, where the laser 3 is connected to the laser head 1 through an optical fiber 2, so that laser generated by the laser 3 is transmitted into the laser head 1 through the optical fiber, reflected by a reflecting vibrating mirror of the laser head 1, and focused on a workpiece 6 by a focusing mirror of the laser head 1, so as to implement laser processing. The laser head 1 is a two-dimensional scanning laser head with the model HL100-RSP2, and is purchased from Shenzhen water drop laser technology Co. The laser head 1 is arranged on the Z-axis sliding table 17, the X-axis sliding table 9 is positioned below the laser head 1 and is perpendicular to the Z-axis sliding table 17, and the electrolytic tank 8 is arranged on the X-axis sliding table 9;
the electrolytic tank 8 comprises a tank body, an electrolytic tank boss 803 and a sealing gasket 7 for placing a workpiece 6, the electrolytic tank boss 803 is arranged in the tank body, a through tank II 802 communicated to the bottom of the tank body is arranged on the electrolytic tank boss 803, and the through tank II 802 has the effect of facilitating the positive electrode of the electrolytic power supply 16 to penetrate through the through tank II 802 to be connected with the workpiece 6 through a wire, so that the wire is prevented from being contacted with electrolyte. The sealing gasket 7 is covered on the through groove two 802, and the sealing gasket 7 is used for preventing electrolyte from entering the through groove two 802. The size of the through slot two 802 is determined according to the size of the workpiece 6. The workpiece 6 is placed on the gasket 7. The hollow tool cathode 5 is connected by an upper square body 502 and a lower square body 503 to form a T-shaped structure, a through groove I501 communicated to the bottom of the lower square body 503 is formed in the middle position of the top of the upper square body 502, and the design purpose of the T-shaped structure is to enable the electric field intensity distribution in the lower square body 503 at the front side and the rear side of the through groove I501 to be consistent, so that the electrolytic machining uniformity is realized. The first through groove 501 is used for facilitating the laser emitted by the laser head 1 to pass through. The total height of the hollow tool cathode 5 is 30-50 mm, the thickness is 9-10 mm, the length is less than 50mm, and the hollow tool cathode is specifically set according to the requirement. The width of the first through groove 501 is 1mm, the distance between the two ends of the lower body 503 and the two ends of the upper body is 3mm, and the length of the first through groove 501 is longer than the length of the lower body 503. The height of lower feature 503 is 7mm to prevent stray current from forming above hollow tool cathode 5 when body 502 touches the electrolyte. The hollow tool cathode 5 is hung above the workpiece 6 through the tool cathode clamp 4, and the bottom surface of the hollow tool cathode 5 is parallel to the surface of the workpiece 6. The two sides of the electrolytic bath boss 803 and the two sides of the bath body are respectively provided with a drainage plate 801, the two drainage plates 801 are symmetrically arranged respectively and are splayed, the purpose is to enable electrolyte to flow from one end of the two drainage plates 801 close to the electrolytic bath 8 to the other end close to the electrolytic bath boss 803, the flow speed of an electrolytic machining part is accelerated, so that sediment and bubbles generated by electrolytic machining are quickly flushed away, the height of the electrolyte liquid level is set to be consistent with the height of the drainage plates 801, the automatic adjustment of the height of the electrolyte liquid level on the two sides of the drainage plates 801 is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the top surface of the drainage plates 801 has a alleviation function on fluctuation of the electrolyte liquid level.
The electrolysis system comprises an electrolysis power supply 16, a digital multimeter 15, a pipe clamp 14, a peristaltic pump I13, a peristaltic pump II 12, a filter 11 and a solution tank 10, wherein the negative electrode of the electrolysis power supply 16 is connected with a hollow tool cathode 5 through a wire, the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply 16 is connected with a workpiece 6 through a wire passing through a through tank II 802, the digital multimeter 15 is connected with the electrolysis power supply 16, so that the digital multimeter 16 is used for collecting current in a processing loop, and then the current is input into a computer control system for data processing to judge the processing state. The liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump I13 is connected with the solution tank 10, the liquid outlet pipe of the peristaltic pump I13 is fixed between the electrolytic tank 8 and the wide openings of the two drainage plates 801 through a pipe clamp 14, the liquid outlet pipe end of the peristaltic pump I13 extends to the inner bottom of the electrolytic tank 10 and is far away from the electrolyte boss 803, the liquid inlet pipe end of the peristaltic pump II 12 is fixed between the electrolytic tank 10 and the narrow openings of the two drainage plates 801 through the pipe clamp 14, the liquid inlet pipe end of the peristaltic pump II 12 extends into the electrolytic tank 10 and is flush with the top surfaces of the drainage plates 801 and is close to the electrolyte boss 803, and the liquid outlet pipe of the peristaltic pump II 12 is connected with the solution tank 1 through the filter 110, in order to allow the precipitate generated by electrolysis to be rapidly sucked away and to suck away the electrolytic solution that is raised above the top surface of the flow-guiding plate 801. Two pipe clamps 14 are respectively arranged at two ends of the X-axis sliding table 9. So as to ensure that the liquid outlet pipe of the peristaltic pump I13 and the liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump II 12 synchronously move with the electrolytic tank 8, and ensure that the relative positions of the liquid outlet pipe end of the peristaltic pump I13 and the liquid inlet pipe end of the peristaltic pump II 12 and the electrolytic tank 8 are not changed. The distance between the end of the liquid outlet pipe of the peristaltic pump I13 and the bottom end of the electrolytic tank 8 is set to be 5-10 mm, so as to avoid disturbance of the electrolyte flowing out of the end of the liquid outlet pipe of the peristaltic pump I13 on the liquid level of the solution in the electrolytic tank. The top surface of the drainage plate 801 is 1.5-2 mm higher than the surface of the workpiece 6, and the electrolytic solution higher than the top surface of the drainage plate 801 is pumped out by the liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump II 12 and flows into the dissolution tank 10 through the filter 11, so that the liquid level of the electrolytic solution is kept unchanged and is consistent with the top surface of the drainage plate 801. NaCl solution and/or NaNO solution are respectively arranged in the solution tank 10 3 A solution.
X-axis sliding table 9: beijing Haijijia created technology Co., ltd., model: HG120 is a straight sliding table.
Z-axis sliding table 17: beijing Haijijia created technology Co., ltd., model: HJ03A linear slide.
Digital multimeter 15: beijing Puyuan fine electric technology Co., ltd., model: DM3058.
Electrolytic power supply 16: dongguan city origin power plant limited, model: MS-306DS.
Peristaltic pump one 13 and peristaltic pump two 11: kachun fluid technology (Shanghai), model: DIP1500.
The cathode hollow laser-electrolysis composite finish milling method adopting the cathode hollow laser-electrolysis composite finish milling device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, installing a workpiece 6 on a sealing gasket 7 of an electrolytic bath boss 803, connecting the positive electrode of an electrolytic power supply 16 to the bottom of the workpiece 6 and facing the cathode 5 of a hollow tool, enabling the distance between the cathode 5 of the hollow tool and the wiring position of the positive electrode of the electrolytic power supply 16 to be the shortest, enabling the initial machining gap between the surface of the workpiece 6 and the bottom surface of the cathode 5 of the hollow tool to be 0.5-1 mm, and preferably enabling the initial machining gap between the surface of the workpiece 6 and the bottom surface of the cathode 5 of the hollow tool to be 0.5mm;
s2, respectively opening a peristaltic pump I13 and a peristaltic pump II 12, setting the flow rates of the peristaltic pump I13 and the peristaltic pump II 12 to be the same, pumping the electrolytic solution in the solution tank 10 into the electrolytic tank 8 by a liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump I13, wherein the electrolytic solution comprises NaCl with the mass fraction of 2.3% and NaNO with the mass fraction of 5.8% 3 When the liquid level of the electrolyte is higher than the top surface of the drainage plate 801, the electrolyte which is higher than the top surface of the drainage plate 801 is pumped out by the liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump II 12 and flows into the solution tank 10 through the filter 11, so that the liquid level of the electrolyte is kept unchanged, the height of the drainage plate 801 is 1.5-2 mm higher than the surface of the workpiece, namely, the position of the liquid level of the electrolyte which is 1.5-2 mm higher than the surface of the workpiece 6, and the influence of the solution on laser propagation can be reduced.
S3, the laser 3 is turned on, the position of the laser head 1 is adjusted through the Z-axis sliding table 17, laser emitted by the laser head 1 passes through the first through groove 501 of the hollow tool cathode 5 to be focused on the surface of the workpiece 6, laser parameters are adjusted, laser power is 80W, the spot scanning speed is 8000mm/S, the scanning path of the laser is straight, the scanning direction is parallel to the first through groove 501 of the hollow tool cathode 5, the straight length is consistent with the length of the lower body 503, the length of the lower body 503 is set according to the processing width, preferably, the length of the lower body 503 is set to be 18mm, meanwhile, an electrolytic power supply 16 with 20V is turned on to respectively perform laser processing and electrolytic processing, and meanwhile, the X-axis sliding table 9 is controlled to perform reciprocating motion at the speed of 4mm/S, so that a processing area is changed into a surface, the laser-electrolytic composite finish milling processing with large coverage is realized, after finishing the finish milling operation of the required area, the laser 3, the X-axis sliding table 9, the Z-axis sliding table 17, the electrolytic power supply 16, the peristaltic pump 13 and the peristaltic pump 12 are turned off, and the workpiece is detached, and the processing is completed.
As shown in a simulation experiment of FIG. 7, the hollow tool cathode 5 adopted in the embodiment can realize that the current density of the hollow tool cathode 5 mapped on the surface of the workpiece through the first 501 position of the groove is basically the same as the current density of the hollow tool cathode 5 mapped on the surface of the workpiece 6 in the region of the solid part, so that the uniformity of electrolytic machining of the surface of the workpiece 6 is ensured, the arc length in FIG. 7 refers to the distance of the tool cathode mapped on the surface of the workpiece from the front end to the rear end in the thickness direction, and the hollow tool cathode 5 can be placed right above the laser machining region, thereby greatly improving the electrolytic machining efficiency and realizing the efficient coupling of laser and electrolysis.
By adopting the electrolytic tank 8 with the drainage plate 801, the fastest flow speed of a processing area in the electrolytic tank can be realized, and simulation experiment data are shown in fig. 8, so that sediment and bubbles generated by electrolysis are quickly flushed away.

Claims (6)

1. The electrolytic tank is characterized by comprising a tank body, an electrolytic tank boss and a sealing pad for placing a workpiece, wherein the electrolytic tank boss is arranged in the tank body, a through tank II communicated to the bottom of the tank body is arranged on the electrolytic tank boss, a sealing pad cover is arranged on the electrolytic tank boss, a hollow tool cathode is hung above the sealing pad through a tool cathode clamp, drainage plates are respectively arranged between two sides of the electrolytic tank boss and two sides of the tank body, and the two drainage plates are respectively symmetrically arranged and are in a splayed shape.
2. The cathode hollow laser-electrolytic composite finish milling device is characterized by comprising a laser, a laser head, an X-axis sliding table, a Z-axis sliding table, a hollow tool cathode, a tool cathode clamp, an electrolytic system and the electrolytic cell of claim 1, wherein the laser is connected with the laser head through an optical fiber, the laser head is arranged on the Z-axis sliding table, the X-axis sliding table is positioned below the laser head and is perpendicular to the Z-axis sliding table, and the electrolytic cell is arranged on the X-axis sliding table;
the electrolysis system comprises an electrolysis power supply, a digital multimeter, a pipe clamp, a peristaltic pump I, a peristaltic pump II, a filter and a solution tank, wherein the cathode of the electrolysis power supply is connected with a hollow tool cathode through a wire, the digital multimeter is connected with the electrolysis power supply, a liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump I is connected with the solution tank, a liquid outlet pipe is fixed between the electrolysis tank and the wide openings of the two drainage plates through the pipe clamp, the liquid outlet pipe end extends to the bottom in the electrolysis tank and is far away from an electrolyte boss, the liquid inlet pipe end of the peristaltic pump II is fixed between the electrolysis tank and the narrow openings of the two drainage plates through the pipe clamp, the liquid inlet pipe end extends to the electrolysis tank and is flush with the top surfaces of the drainage plates and close to the electrolyte boss, the liquid outlet pipe of the peristaltic pump II is connected with the solution tank through the filter, and the two pipe clamps are respectively arranged at two ends of the X-axis sliding table.
3. The hollow cathode laser-electrolytic composite finish milling device according to claim 2, wherein the hollow tool cathode is of a T-shaped structure formed by connecting an upper body and a lower body, a through groove I communicated to the bottom of the lower body is formed in the top of the upper body, the length of the through groove I is larger than that of the lower body, and the bottom surface of the hollow tool cathode is parallel to the surface of a workpiece.
4. The cathode hollow laser-electrolytic composite finish milling device according to claim 2, wherein the solution tank is respectively provided with NaCl solution and/or NaNO 3 A solution.
5. A cathode hollow laser-electrolytic composite finish milling method using the cathode hollow laser-electrolytic composite finish milling device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, installing a workpiece on a sealing gasket, and connecting an anode of an electrolytic power supply with the workpiece through a lead wire passing through a through groove II, so that an initial machining gap between the surface of the workpiece and the bottom surface of a cathode of a hollow tool is 0.5-1 mm;
s2, respectively opening a peristaltic pump I and a peristaltic pump II, wherein a liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump I pumps the solution in the solution tank into the electrolytic tank, and when the liquid level of the electrolytic solution is higher than the top surface of the drainage plate, the liquid inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump II pumps the solution higher than the top surface of the drainage plate, and the solution flows into the solution tank through the filter;
s3, opening the laser, adjusting the position of the laser head through the Z-axis sliding table, enabling laser emitted by the laser head to be focused on the surface of the workpiece through a through groove I of a cathode of the hollow tool, and adjusting laser parameters to enable a scanning path of the laser to be a straight line; and simultaneously turning on an electrolysis power supply, respectively carrying out laser processing and electrolytic processing, simultaneously controlling the X-axis sliding table to carry out reciprocating motion, enabling a processing area to be changed into a surface, turning off the power supplies of the laser, the X-axis sliding table, the Z-axis sliding table, the electrolysis power supply, the peristaltic pump I and the peristaltic pump II after finishing finish milling operation of the required area, discharging the workpiece, and finishing processing.
6. The cathode hollow laser-electrolysis composite finish milling device according to claim 5, wherein the peristaltic pump I and the peristaltic pump II in the step S2 are same in flow rate setting, and the height of the drainage plate is 1.5-2 mm higher than the surface of the workpiece.
CN202311537758.4A 2023-11-17 2023-11-17 Cathode hollow laser-electrolysis composite finish milling device and method and electrolytic tank Pending CN117381144A (en)

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