CN117363994A - 一种不锈钢轮毂材料及轮毂生产方法 - Google Patents
一种不锈钢轮毂材料及轮毂生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种不锈钢轮毂材料及轮毂生产方法,化学成分按重量百分比包括:C≤0.03%,Si≤1.0%,Mn:1.0%~2.0%,P≤0.03%,S≤0.002%,Ni:4.5%~6.5%,Cr:21%~24%,Mo:2.5%~3.5%,N:0.14%~0.22%,Nb:0.05%~0.3%,Al:0.010%~0.030%,B:0.0005%~0.004%,余量为Fe和不可避免杂质元素。优点是:增加材料的可抛光性、可焊接性、热加工性能,改善材料的韧性和可塑性。材料耐蚀性能与碳钢轮毂电泳后的表面耐蚀性相当。该不锈钢轮毂的生产过程中免去了电泳涂装或电镀工序,对环境更友好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽车轮毂制造领域,尤其涉及一种具有良好耐蚀性和抗疲劳性能的不锈钢轮毂材料及轮毂生产方法。
背景技术
现有的汽车轮毂主要是采用碳钢或铝合金制造:碳钢轮毂由于耐腐蚀性能差,表面需要电泳处理,电泳设备电耗高,还对环境有一定污染,另外碳钢轮毂表面的电泳层一旦被破坏,碳钢轮毂的耐蚀性显著下降,同时碳钢的抗疲劳性能、使用寿命也不理想。而铝合金轮毂需要进行电镀,化学着色,喷漆等涂装处理,不但使加工工艺复杂,也会造成环境污染,另外铝合金轮毂强度和疲劳性能、使用寿命都有待提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种不锈钢轮毂材料及轮毂生产方法,采用不锈钢替代碳钢或铝合金轮毂,通过冷成型或热成型工艺制备不锈钢轮毂,其耐蚀性与电泳涂装表面相当,从而减少电泳涂装工序,同时在相同厚度情况下,其疲劳性能相较碳钢轮毂和铝合金轮毂大幅提升,提高不锈钢轮毂的使用寿命。
为实现上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种不锈钢轮毂材料,化学成分按重量百分比包括:
C≤0.03%,Si≤1.0%,Mn:1.0%~2.0%,P≤0.03%,S≤0.002%,Ni:4.5%~6.5%,Cr:21%~24%,Mo:2.5%~3.5%,N:0.14%~0.22%,Nb:0.05%~0.3%,Al:0.010%~0.030%,B:0.0005%~0.004%,余量为Fe和不可避免杂质元素。
一种不锈钢轮毂材料的制造方法,该不锈钢轮毂材料的生产工艺为:电炉→转炉→精炼炉→连铸→钢坯修磨→热轧→固溶退火酸洗;
其中:
1)钢坯修磨后钢坯表面粗糙度Ra≤10μm;
2)热轧:钢坯第一道次粗轧边轧力≥150吨力,热轧精轧终轧温度在900~1050℃,盘卷温度在500~800℃。
2)中修磨后的钢坯进热轧加热炉加热,出热轧加热炉的钢坯经过高压喷水除磷,粗轧至少5道次轧延,精轧至少7道次轧延,盘卷后得到热轧态的黑皮钢卷。
钢坯在热轧加热炉中的在炉时间180~300min,出炉温度控制在1200~1300℃。
所述的固溶退火酸洗:热轧后得到的黑皮钢卷经过快速固溶、碎锈机折弯、喷砂、酸洗处理,得到固溶态钢卷。
所述的快速固溶过程中,钢带在10min以内加热至1050~1150℃,钢带运行速度为5~30m/min,然后快速冷却。
所述的快速冷却为水冷方式。
所述的酸洗处理:先经过浓度为300~500g/L的硫酸溶液酸洗,然后经过氢氟酸浓度为40~60g/L、硝酸浓度为200~400g/L的混合溶液酸洗,最后进行喷水刷洗、烘干。
所述的固溶态钢卷的显微组织为奥氏体-铁素体双相组织,其中铁素体体积含量在35%~65%。
生产不锈钢轮毂的方法,由所述的不锈钢轮毂材料生产为不锈钢板依次经冷成型或热成型→焊接→抛光,得到不锈钢轮毂;
所述的冷成型:不锈钢板材→经过多道次冲压;
所述的热成型:不锈钢板材→在950℃~1150℃进行热成型→快速冷区;
所述的焊接工艺为电阻焊焊接工艺,轮毂通过抛光工具抛光后,表面粗糙度Ra≤0.1um。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的不锈钢轮毂材料通过添加Nb元素以及控制Al含量来增加材料的可抛光性、可焊接性,降低钢液中的夹杂物含量;通过添加微量B元素,形成细小的硼化物颗粒,通过阻碍晶界的滑移和扩散,来提高材料的热加工性能,改善材料的韧性和可塑性,降低热裂敏感度。使材料具有良好的成型性能和更高的强度,其抗拉强度是DP600的1.25倍,其耐蚀性能与碳钢轮毂电泳后的表面耐蚀性相当,甚至更优,其抗疲劳性能是DP600碳钢轮毂和铝合金轮毂的2~4倍。该不锈钢轮毂的生产过程中免去了电泳涂装或电镀工序,对环境更友好。
附图说明
图1是本发明的炼钢工艺流程图。
图2是本发明的热轧工艺流程图。
图3是本发明的热轧退火酸洗工艺流程图。
图4是白皮固溶态钢卷的金相组织图。
图中:11-电炉 12-转炉 13-钢包精炼炉 14-真空精炼炉 15-板坯连铸机 21-加热炉 22-粗轧机 23-精轧机 24-盘卷机 31-解卷机 32-炉区 33-碎锈机 34-喷砂机35-酸洗区36-收卷机。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明进行详细地描述,但是应该指出本发明的实施不限于以下的实施方式。
一种不锈钢轮毂材料,化学成分按重量百分比包括:
C≤0.03%,Si≤1.0%,Mn:1.0%~2.0%,P≤0.03%,S≤0.002%,Ni:4.5%~6.5%,Cr:21%~24%,Mo:2.5%~3.5%,N:0.14%~0.22%,Nb:0.05%~0.3%,Al:0.010%~0.030%,B:0.0005%~0.004%,余量为Fe和不可避免杂质元素。
该不锈钢轮毂材料的生产工艺为:电炉→转炉→精炼炉→连铸→钢坯修磨→热轧→固溶退火酸洗;具体的:
1)如图1所示,本实施例中,以合金铁和废钢为原料,先通过电炉、转炉冶炼,再经过钢包精炼炉或真空精炼炉精炼,板坯连铸机连铸浇涛后,得到不锈钢钢坯。
2)钢坯修磨后钢坯表面粗糙度Ra≤10μm,保证后续的钢卷表面质量。
3)如图2所示,修磨后的钢坯进热轧加热炉加热,出热轧加热炉的钢坯经过高压喷水除磷,经粗轧机粗轧,粗轧至少5道次轧延,精轧机精轧,精轧至少7道次轧延,盘卷机盘卷后得到热轧态的黑皮钢卷。其中,
钢坯在热轧加热炉中的在炉时间180~300min,出炉温度控制在1200~1300℃。热轧精轧终轧温度控制在900℃以上,盘卷温度控制在700℃以下。
钢坯第一道次粗轧边轧力(粗轧立辊给钢坯的轧制力)≥150吨力,热轧精轧终轧温度在900~1050℃,盘卷温度在500~800℃。
3)如图3所示,黑皮钢卷由解卷机解卷后,先经炉区加热退火、碎锈机碎锈、喷砂机喷砂、酸洗区酸洗等工艺过程,再经收卷机收卷后获得白皮固溶态钢卷,其金相组织见图4。
其中,炉区加热的温度区间为1050~1150℃,使得钢带在10min以内加热至1050~1150℃,钢带运行速度为5m/min~30m/min,保温时间为3~6min,快速升温后进行快速冷却的方式为水冷方式。钢带经过酸洗处理,先经过浓度为300~500g/L的硫酸溶液酸洗,然后经过氢氟酸浓度为40~60g/L、硝酸浓度为200~400g/L的混合溶液酸洗,最后经过喷水刷洗、烘干等。
固溶态钢卷的显微组织为奥氏体-铁素体双相组织,其中铁素体体积含量在35%~65%。固溶态钢卷的机械性能:TS≥700MPa,0.2%YS≥500MPa,EL≥25%。
最后,得到的固溶态钢卷经冷成型或热成型→焊接→抛光,得到不锈钢轮毂;
其中,冷成型:不锈钢板材→经过多道次冲压;
热成型:不锈钢板材→在950℃~1150℃进行热成型→快速冷区;
焊接工艺为电阻焊焊接工艺,轮毂通过抛光工具抛光后,表面粗糙度Ra≤0.1um。
实施例中不锈钢合金成分经炼钢冶炼后,如表1。
表1实施案例的化学成分(wt%)
热轧轧延的生产参数如表2:
表2实施案例的热轧工艺参数
热轧轧延的生产参数如表3:
表3实施案例的热轧板退火酸洗工艺参数
得到材料的机械性能如表4所示。
表4不锈钢轮毂材料的机械性能
上述实施例获得的白皮钢卷制造的轮毂性能,见表5。
表5不锈钢轮毂性能
本发明的不锈钢轮毂材料通过添加Nb元素以及控制Al含量来增加材料的可抛光性、可焊接性,降低钢液中的夹杂物含量;通过添加微量B元素,形成细小的硼化物颗粒,通过阻碍晶界的滑移和扩散,来提高材料的热加工性能,改善材料的韧性和可塑性,降低热裂敏感度。使材料具有良好的成型性能和更高的强度,其抗拉强度是DP600的1.25倍,其耐蚀性能与碳钢轮毂电泳后的表面耐蚀性相当,甚至更优,其抗疲劳性能是DP600碳钢轮毂和铝合金轮毂的2~4倍。该不锈钢轮毂的生产过程中免去了电泳涂装或电镀工序,对环境更友好。
Claims (10)
1.一种不锈钢轮毂材料,其特征在于,化学成分按重量百分比包括:
C≤0.03%,Si≤1.0%,Mn:1.0%~2.0%,P≤0.03%,S≤0.002%,Ni:4.5%~6.5%,Cr:21%~24%,Mo:2.5%~3.5%,N:0.14%~0.22%,Nb:0.05%~0.3%,Al:0.010%~0.030%,B:0.0005%~0.004%,余量为Fe和不可避免杂质元素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种不锈钢轮毂材料的制造方法,其特征在于,该不锈钢轮毂材料的生产工艺为:电炉→转炉→精炼炉→连铸→钢坯修磨→热轧→固溶退火酸洗;
其中:
1)钢坯修磨后钢坯表面粗糙度Ra≤10μm;
2)热轧:钢坯第一道次粗轧边轧力≥150吨力,热轧精轧终轧温度在900~1050℃,盘卷温度在500~800℃。
3.根据权利要求2中所述的一种不锈钢轮毂材料的制造方法,其特征在于,2)中修磨后的钢坯进热轧加热炉加热,出热轧加热炉的钢坯经过高压喷水除磷,粗轧至少5道次轧延,精轧至少7道次轧延,盘卷后得到热轧态的黑皮钢卷。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种不锈钢轮毂材料的制造方法,其特征在于,钢坯在热轧加热炉中的在炉时间180~300min,出炉温度控制在1200~1300℃。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种不锈钢轮毂材料的制造方法,其特征在于,所述的固溶退火酸洗:热轧后得到的黑皮钢卷经过快速固溶、碎锈机折弯、喷砂、酸洗处理,得到固溶态钢卷。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种不锈钢轮毂材料的制造方法,其特征在于,所述的快速固溶过程中,钢带在10min以内加热至1050~1150℃,钢带运行速度为5~30m/min,然后快速冷却。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种不锈钢轮毂材料的制造方法,其特征在于,所述的快速冷却为水冷方式。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种不锈钢轮毂材料的制造方法,其特征在于,所述的酸洗处理:先经过浓度为300~500g/L的硫酸溶液酸洗,然后经过氢氟酸浓度为40~60g/L、硝酸浓度为200~400g/L的混合溶液酸洗,最后进行喷水刷洗、烘干。
9.根据权利要求5所述的一种不锈钢轮毂材料的制造方法,其特征在于,所述的固溶态钢卷的显微组织为奥氏体-铁素体双相组织,其中铁素体体积含量在35%~65%。
10.由权利要求1所述的材料生产不锈钢轮毂的方法,其特征在于,由所述的不锈钢轮毂材料生产为不锈钢板依次经冷成型或热成型→焊接→抛光,得到不锈钢轮毂;
所述的冷成型:不锈钢板材→经过多道次冲压;
所述的热成型:不锈钢板材→在950℃~1150℃进行热成型→快速冷区;
所述的焊接工艺为电阻焊焊接工艺,轮毂通过抛光工具抛光后,表面粗糙度Ra≤0.1um。
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