CN117362116B - Composite modifier for plant growth promotion of coastal saline soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite modifier for plant growth promotion of coastal saline soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117362116B CN117362116B CN202311307726.5A CN202311307726A CN117362116B CN 117362116 B CN117362116 B CN 117362116B CN 202311307726 A CN202311307726 A CN 202311307726A CN 117362116 B CN117362116 B CN 117362116B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of saline soil improvement, in particular to a plant growth-promoting composite modifier for coastal saline soil and a preparation method thereof. The composite modifier is prepared from biochar, sludge compost, polyacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of biochar; 40-45 parts of sludge compost; 2-8 parts of polyacrylamide; 7-13 parts of nano silicon dioxide. After the modifier is applied to the salty soil, all the components in the modifier act synergistically, and the modifier has remarkable positive effects in the aspects of enhancing the water retention capacity of the soil, improving the stability of soil aggregates, promoting the accumulation of available nutrients and promoting the growth of plants. The application of the modifier can reduce the requirement on chemical fertilizers, reduce the pressure of agricultural production on natural resources, has simple preparation process and convenient application, provides theoretical basis and technical support for the treatment of coastal saline soil, and can bring beneficial effects and sustainable development for coastal saline soil improvement and agricultural production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant growth promotion of saline soil, in particular to a compound modifier for plant growth promotion of coastal saline soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Soil salinization is one of the important manifestations of soil degradation and one of the causes affecting the development of agricultural sustainability. The salinization problem of the soil of the coastal wetland ecosystem is prominent, the soil health is seriously threatened, and the ecological environment is very fragile. The coastal saline soil has poor water retention, low organic matter content and high salinity. Salinity affects plant growth by inducing water stress, ion toxicity, nutrient imbalance, oxidative stress, changes in metabolic processes, membrane disorders, cell division and slow down of growth, and genotoxicity, severely restricting crop yield and quality, and low primary productivity severely restricts ecological safety and sustainable development of agricultural production. Therefore, effective measures are taken to repair the coastal saline soil, so that the method has important significance for local economy and ecological environment.
The prior saline soil improvement comprises physical, chemical, biological and other approaches, which essentially change soil conditions, regulate and control the movement and aggregation process of soil salinity. Traditional saline soil improvement measures include physical regulation, chemical conditioning, irrigation and drainage management and biological improvement. The traditional improvement measures can effectively relieve soil salinization to a certain extent, but has the defects of low efficiency, long period, high cost, easy secondary pollution and the like. The research and development of the soil conditioner integrating the functions of water retention and growth promotion is the key of green improvement and sustainable utilization of salinized soil.
Biochar is a solid, refractory, highly aromatic carbon-rich material formed by low temperature pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions. The application of the biochar in the saline soil can effectively improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the saline soil, reduce the damage of salt stress to plants, and further improve the plant growth. Sludge composting is one of the most widely applied technical routes for sludge treatment in China, and contains rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient substances. The sludge compost is added into the soil, so that a large amount of humus is easily formed for plant absorption and utilization, thereby improving the soil structure, increasing the soil fertilizer efficiency and promoting the crop growth. The polyacrylamide is a super absorbent polymer formed by cross-linking and copolymerizing acrylamide or acrylate, has good hydrophilicity, and is a good soil water-retaining agent. Meanwhile, the cohesiveness and the gelatinization of the soil can be improved, the soil structure is improved, and the soil porosity and the air permeability are increased. In addition, the nano silicon dioxide has unique performance, and can improve the tolerance of plants to soil salt stress. However, there is no research on a method for improving the saline soil by combining the four methods.
Therefore, in the treatment of coastal salinized soil, the technical problems of improving the water retention performance of the soil, increasing the nutrients of the soil, improving the growth promoting capability of crops and preparing the salinized soil water retention and growth promoting material simply are needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the coastal saline soil water retention and growth promotion composite modifier and the preparation method thereof, which solve the obstacle factors of poor water retention capacity, high salt content, low nutrient content and the like of the coastal saline soil for limiting the growth of crops.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the composite modifier is prepared from biochar, sludge compost, polyacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide, and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40-45 parts of biochar; 40-45 parts of sludge compost; 2-8 parts of polyacrylamide; 7-13 parts of nano silicon dioxide.
Further, the biological carbon, sludge compost, polyacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide comprise the following components in parts by weight:
42.5 parts of biochar; 42.5 parts of sludge compost; 8 parts of polyacrylamide; 7 parts of nano silicon dioxide.
Furthermore, the biochar is prepared by taking waste biomass as a raw material and adopting an anaerobic slow pyrolysis method.
Further, the polyacrylamide is anionic, and the molecular weight is 1000-1500 ten thousand.
Further, the particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is 10-20 nm.
A preparation method of a composite modifier for plant growth promotion of coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of biochar
Drying the waste biomass to constant weight by using an oven, crushing the waste biomass into powder by using a crusher, and passing through a 2mm standard sieve; weighing the pretreated waste biomass raw material, placing the waste biomass raw material into a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen, discharging air in the system, heating to 500 ℃ from room temperature, keeping for 3 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature under the protection of nitrogen after pyrolysis is finished, drying in the air, crushing, and sieving with a 1mm sieve;
(2) Preparation of sludge compost
Naturally air-drying the residual sludge of the domestic sewage, and sieving with a 1mm sieve;
(3) Composite modifier prepared by disc granulation method
Crushing polyacrylamide, grinding into powder, and sieving with a 1mm sieve;
Fully stirring and uniformly mixing biochar, sludge compost, polyacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide according to a proportion; granulating in a sugar coating machine; adding distilled water in a spraying mode during granulation to generate particles, and continuously rotating the sugar coating machine; repeating the steps to enlarge the particles, and rotating for more than 30 minutes to increase the hardness of the particles; after the granulation is finished, spherical particles which are reserved between 2-5 mm sieves are selected, and the spherical particles are dried to constant quality at 60 ℃.
Further, in the step (1), the drying temperature is 95 ℃, the nitrogen gas introducing rate is 500mL min -1, the time is 20min, and the heating rate is 5 ℃ min -1.
Further, in the above (3), the rotational speed of the sugar coating machine is set to 30 to 50r/min and the temperature is set to 85 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
After the modifier is applied to the salty soil, all the components in the modifier act synergistically, and the modifier has remarkable positive effects in the aspects of enhancing the water retention capacity of the soil, improving the stability of soil aggregates, promoting the accumulation of available nutrients and promoting the growth of plants. The application of the modifier can reduce the requirement on chemical fertilizers, reduce the pressure of agricultural production on natural resources, has simple preparation process and convenient application, provides theoretical basis and technical support for the treatment of coastal saline soil, and can bring beneficial effects and sustainable development for coastal saline soil improvement and agricultural production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a composite modifier of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of biochar, sludge compost, nano SiO 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a FTIR spectrum of the improver of the present invention and biochar and sludge compost;
FIG. 4 shows the growth of the plant diameter oil sunflower after the soil is treated by the conditioner of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows chlorophyll parameters of the photosynthetic leaves of oil sunflower after soil treatment with the amendment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the nitrogen content of the photosynthetic leaves of the oil sunflower after the soil is treated with the amendment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the root tip number of the oil sunflower root system after the soil is treated with the conditioner of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a radar chart of the change of the growth parameters of the oil sunflower after the soil is treated by the modifier of the invention;
FIG. 9 is the average weight diameter of soil treated with the conditioner of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of moisture evaporation capacity (EWC) after soil treatment with the conditioner of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an N 2 adsorption/desorption curve of the modifier of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a pore size distribution of the modifier of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a root chart of the conditioner, biochar and sludge compost of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples:
The composite modifier is prepared from biochar, sludge compost, polyacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide, and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40-45 parts of biochar; 40-45 parts of sludge compost; 2-8 parts of polyacrylamide; 7-13 parts of nano silicon dioxide.
Preferably, it is: 42.5 parts of biochar; 42.5 parts of sludge compost; 8 parts of polyacrylamide; 7 parts of nano silicon dioxide.
The biochar is prepared by taking waste biomass as a raw material and adopting an anaerobic slow pyrolysis method. The polyacrylamide is anionic and has a molecular weight of 1200 ten thousand. The particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is 10-20 nm.
A preparation method of a composite modifier for plant growth promotion of coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of biochar
The biochar is prepared from waste biomass by adopting an anaerobic slow pyrolysis method to obtain waste biomass biochar (WBC). The waste biomass was oven dried at 95 ℃ for 72h to constant weight, crushed to powder with a crusher and passed through a 2mm standard sieve. 125g of the pretreated waste biomass raw material is weighed and placed in a tube furnace, nitrogen is continuously introduced into the tube furnace for 20min at the rate of 500mL min -1, and after the air in the system is discharged, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the rate of 5 ℃ min -1 and maintained for 3h. After pyrolysis is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature under the protection of nitrogen, taking out, weighing and calculating the yield.
(2) Preparation of modifier
The disc granulation method is adopted. WBC, SSC, PAM is crushed, ground into powder and then sieved by a sieve with 1mm for standby; then WBC, SSC, PAM, siO 2 -NPs are fully stirred and evenly mixed according to the proportion; the soil conditioner is prepared BY using a Xiangming BY-600 variable frequency speed regulating sugar coating machine, and the prepared soil conditioner is spherical particles with the diameter of about 2-5mm and is named as BCF4.
The sugar coating machine pelleting comprises the following specific steps: ① Uniformly mixing according to a set proportion, adding the mixture into a sugar coating machine, setting the rotating speed to be 35r/min and setting the temperature to be 85 ℃; ② Adding distilled water in a spraying mode during granulation to generate seed particles, and continuously rotating a sugar coating machine; ③ Repeating the step ② to enlarge the particles, and rotating for more than 30 minutes to increase the hardness of the particles;
④ And selecting particles which are reserved between 2-5 mm sieves after granulation, and drying the particles at 60 ℃ until the quality is constant.
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of the composite modifier. FIG. 2 is an SEM image of biochar, sludge compost, nano SiO 2, a1 and a2 for biochar; b. b1 and b2 are sludge compost; c. c1 and c2 are nano SiO 2. The surface of the biochar is attached with irregular fragments, and meanwhile, long tubular fiber structures can be seen, so that an ordered porous structure is formed, and the biochar is in the shape of fragments. This is due to the fact that wood chips produce volatiles (e.g., CO, CH 4, etc.) with a hole-expanding action when pyrolyzed into biochar. Has a plurality of micropores with the size smaller than 50 μm, and is beneficial to increasing the specific surface area and the porosity. The pores of the WBC are helpful for loading PAM and SiO 2 -NPs, and also is helpful for storing moisture and nutrients, so as to achieve the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention. SSC biomass is nonuniform in structure, high in porosity and high in surface content of mineral particles. Sludge is added into the saline soil to compost, so that a large amount of humus is easy to form and is used for plant absorption and utilization, and the humus and mineral particles are combined to form agglomerates, so that the air permeability and water conductivity of the soil are enhanced. SiO 2 -NPs are mostly spherical and aggregated, showing uniform plate-like agglomerates, and SiO 2 -NPs particles contain significant gaps between them, which is advantageous for moisture storage.
The compound modifier, biochar and sludge compost of the embodiment are subjected to comparative experimental analysis of saline-alkali soil and plant growth:
1. test soil
Soil samples were taken from the eastern halophyte garden (118 ° 39'e,37 ° 24' n) of eastern city, eastern province, shandong. And collecting surface soil 0-20cm away from the ground by adopting a five-point sampling method. Naturally air-drying, removing impurities such as stones and residual roots, fully mixing, and sieving with a 2mm standard sieve for standby. The physicochemical properties of the soil are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of test soil
2. Test plants
Oil sunflower (Helianthus annuus l.) was selected as the test plant. The sunflower is an important cash crop in China, and the sunflower seeds can squeeze high-grade edible sunflower oil with low cholesterol, so that the sunflower seed has extremely high economic value. Meanwhile, the oil sunflower has a certain tolerance capacity to saline soil and is often used as a test plant of researchers.
3. Potting experiment
Pretreatment of seeds: seeds of oil sunflower (Helianthus annuus l.) with full and no spots were selected. Then 10% H 2O2 is used for disinfection for half an hour, deionized water is used for cleaning, saturated CaSO 4 is used for soaking for 12 hours, and ultrapure water is used for cleaning for seed planting.
Potting soil treatment: air-dried soil was thoroughly mixed with 1.5% (w/w) WBC, 1.5% (w/w) SSC, 1.5% (w/w) modifier BCF4, respectively, and then placed into a polyethylene flowerpot (upper cross-sectional diameter: 145mm; lower cross-sectional diameter: 950mm; high: 120 mm) for equilibration, designated WBC, SSC, BCF4. Meanwhile, another group of blank treatments without modifier was used as a control and was recorded as CK. Each pot contained 200g of raw or mixed soil, 3 per treatment group in parallel. The dark culture was maintained at 40% of maximum water holding capacity for 3 days.
The plant planting and culturing method comprises the following steps: seeds of oil sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are sown by adopting a hole sowing mode (1-2 cm), 1 seed is sown in each hole, and 5 seeds are sown in each pot. During growth, soil moisture was kept at 40% maximum water holding capacity by weighing watering, and the pot was randomly repositioned weekly. The plant growth period was 24 days.
4. Collection and analysis of plant samples
(1) Plant growth index monitoring
The germination rate and leaf number of each treatment group of plants were photographed daily during plant growth. The oil sunflower plant height and diameter were measured and recorded using a vernier caliper (CD 67-SPM/PS).
(2) Determination of chlorophyll and nitrogen content in plant leaf
Chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen content of plant leaves were determined using a chlorophyll meter (Minolta, SPAD-502plus, japan).
(3) Plant sample collection
After the plant growth period is finished, the overground plant part and the underground root system part of the plant are respectively harvested, and the plant sample is washed by ultrapure water for 3 to 5 times.
(4) Root morphology determination
Plant roots were scanned using a root scanner (Epson, japan) and root morphology was analyzed using WinRHIZO analysis software (prp.2005, regent, canada).
5. Soil sample collection and analysis
(1) Soil sample collection
Rhizosphere soil is collected by adopting a root shaking method, and the soil far away from the root system is non-rhizosphere soil. Part of the mixture is put into a refrigerator with the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for preservation, and the other part of the mixture is put into a room for natural air drying.
(2) Basic properties of soil
The physicochemical properties of the soil measured in this study include the average weight diameter of the soil aggregate.
Soil aggregate average weight diameter (MWD): soil MWD was calculated by lightly sieving the soil sample (mesh openings 2000 μm, 1000 μm and 250 μm in this order) according to the method of de Souza Machado et al, as follows:
MWD＝∑XiWi
Wherein Xi is the average diameter of 3 agglomerates with different particle diameters; wi is the weight of each particle size agglomerate sample.
(3) Soil water retention capacity
Moisture evaporation capacity (EWC): the adding amount of WBC, SSC or compound modifier is 1.5% (W%), namely 0.75g sample and 49.25g soil are mixed and then are put into a seedling box, and the weight W1 of the soil and the seedling box is recorded; soaking the soil with distilled water (to 70% of maximum water holding capacity), mixing for 2-3min, and weighing W2; the nursery boxes were placed in a 26 ℃ incubator and the positions of the boxes were periodically changed to ensure that each sample was subjected to the same ambient temperature and humidity during the experiment. Samples (0, 1, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168, 240 h) were taken at predetermined time intervals to determine the soil weight W3. EWC is calculated by subtracting the current moisture content from the initial moisture content of the soil sample. The calculation formula is as follows:
Ewc= (initial water content-current water content)/initial water content= (W2-W3)/(W2-W1)
(4) Determination of adsorption and desorption and pore size distribution of modifier
After degassing with a fully automatic physico-chemical adsorption instrument (Autosorb-1C-TCD Ready, kang Da, USA) at 200℃for 6h, the dried modifier was subjected to an adsorption-desorption isotherm determination of N 2 at 77K. The specific surface area, pore size distribution, volume and average pore size of the micropores of the material are calculated by an undefined density function theory (NLDFT) model.
6. Test results
(1) FIG. 3 is a FTIR spectrum of the improver and biochar, sludge compost.
For WBCs, the absorption peak at 1580cm -1 was attributable to the tensile vibration of c=o, the band at 1020cm -1 indicating the presence of C-O in the aromatic compound, and the flexural vibration of C-H was observed at 750-875cm -1. For SSCs, there is stretching vibration of the OH group at 3400-3528cm -1, stretching vibration of C=O is observed at 1620cm -1, and characteristic peaks of C-O are observed at 1100cm -1 and 1020cm -1.
Characteristic peaks of C-O stretching vibration can be observed at 1100cm -1 and C-H bending vibration can be observed at 800cm -1 and 600cm -1 of the composite modifier. 1130cm -1 is a characteristic peak of C-O-C, possibly from an oxygen containing functional group on cellulose or hemicellulose or methoxy group on lignin, 1620-1580cm -1 is a characteristic peak of telescoping vibration of the benzene ring c=c backbone and c=o of conjugated ketone/quinone. Characteristic peaks of 874cm -1、800cm-1 and 750cm -1 are derived from out-of-plane flexural vibration of C-H on the benzene ring. An amide band characteristic peak appears at 1419cm -1.
FIG. 11 is an N 2 adsorption/desorption curve of the modifier of the present invention; FIG. 12 is a pore size distribution of the modifier of the present invention.
By further measuring the specific surface area and the pore structure of the material, the biochar (108 m 2 g-1) has larger specific surface area and rich pore structure and has rich micropore structure compared with SSC (25.2 m 2 g-1) and the composite modifier (24.45 m 2 g-1). However, the pore diameter of the composite modifier is much higher than that of WBC and SSC, and the excellent water retention performance of the modifier is further proved.
Table 2 Properties of modifier and biochar and sludge compost
(2) Plant growth conditions
FIG. 4 shows the growth of the plant diameter oil sunflower after the soil is treated by the conditioner of the present invention;
the addition of the modifier increases the plant diameter of the oil sunflower. The addition of WBCs has a tendency to promote plant diameter, but without significant differences;
SSC and BCF4 obviously promote plant diameter increase, and respectively increase the plant diameter of the oil sunflower by 7.67 percent and 19.52 percent compared with the CK group. The BCF4 has the most obvious promotion effect on the plant diameter of the oil sunflower, which indicates that the biological carbon-based modifier added with PAM has the promotion effect on plant growth. This is probably because PAM can bind soil particles and form larger aggregates, prevent the formation of crust on the soil surface, increase the soil porosity, thereby increasing the water content of the soil, the root penetration, and being beneficial to enhancing the air permeability and promoting the plant growth.
FIG. 5 shows chlorophyll parameters of the photosynthetic leaves of oil sunflower after soil treatment with the amendment of the present invention; FIG. 6 shows the nitrogen content of the photosynthetic leaves of the oil sunflower after the soil is treated with the amendment of the present invention; compared with CK, WBC, SSC, BCF4 is added to obviously improve the chlorophyll content and the nitrogen content of the leaf, the chlorophyll content is respectively improved by 8.29%, 6.83% and 11.44%, and the nitrogen content is respectively improved by 7.28%, 5.98% and 10.01%. The reason for this may be that biochar helps to increase soil enzyme activity, reduce leaf MDA, and increase plant photosynthetic capacity by alleviating oxidative damage caused by salt stress. The sludge compost contains rich nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient substances, and a large amount of humus is easy to form after the sludge compost is added into the saline soil for plant absorption and utilization. The promotion effect of the composite modifier BCF4 on leaf nitrogen is obviously higher than that of WBC and SSC, probably because nano SiO 2 can reduce the water lost by transpiration, increase the activity of antioxidant enzyme, improve photosynthesis and increase nutrient absorption under the condition of salt stress.
(3) Plant root system morphology
FIG. 7 shows the root tip number of the oil sunflower root system after the soil is treated with the conditioner of the present invention;
The promotion effects on root tip number are ordered as follows: BCF4> WBC > SSC, with the BCF4 treated group most pronounced promotion of root tip number, 82.10% higher than WBC, 138.55% higher than SSC. The modifier obviously increases the root tip number, and effectively reduces the salt stress of the saline soil on plant roots.
This is probably because 1) biochar improves soil properties and promotes root development. Biochar may reduce soil density and promote root proliferation by creating larger pores. 2) PAM can avoid water loss by buffering the root zone, and is helpful for maintaining soil moisture and promoting plant root growth. PAM can improve the content and pore structure of aggregate in saline-alkali soil, prevent the formation of crust on the soil surface, improve the air permeability of soil, increase the water content and root system permeability of soil, and improve the adaptability of plant roots to salt stress. 3) The addition of the modifier improves nutrient availability. This particular development of roots is particularly evident for nutrients such as AP, and the improvement in nutrient availability contributes to the improvement in root structure. The improvement of the morphological development of the root system can further relieve the lack of nutrients and water, and is beneficial to the growth of plants.
FIG. 8 is a radar chart of the change of the growth parameters of the oil sunflower after the soil is treated by the modifier of the invention; from the figure, it can be seen that the composite modifier promotes plant growth mainly by significantly improving root morphology. Compared with the CK group, WBC, SSC, BCF < 4 > obviously increases root length, root surface area and root tip number, has a certain promoting effect on root volume, and effectively reduces salt stress of saline soil on plant roots. Wherein the BCF4 treatment group has the most remarkable promotion effect on root tip number, which is 82.10% higher than WBC and 138.55% higher than SSC. This is probably because 1) biochar improves soil properties and promotes root development. Biochar may reduce soil density and promote root proliferation by creating larger pores. 2) PAM can avoid water loss by buffering the root zone, and is helpful for maintaining soil moisture and promoting plant root growth. PAM can combine soil particles and form great aggregate, prevents the formation of soil surface crust to increase soil porosity, improved the soil gas permeability, increased the moisture content and the root system osmotic force of soil, improved the adaptability of plant root to salt stress. Researches prove that PAM can improve the content and pore structure of aggregates in saline-alkali soil, thereby improving the soil permeability coefficient. 3) Possibly also related to nutrient availability, by promoting nutrient absorption, plant growth is improved. PAM can improve the infiltration of inorganic nitrogen in the saline soil, thereby reducing the nitrogen volatilization rate and improving the nutrient utilization efficiency.
FIG. 13 is a root chart of the conditioner, biochar and sludge compost of the invention.
(4) Influence on the basic Properties of soil
Fig. 9 is the average weight diameter (P <0.05, n=3) of the soil treated with the conditioner of the present invention;
The MWD may reflect the stability of soil agglomerates. For rhizosphere soil, the addition of WBC and BCF4 significantly improved soil MWD by 13.72%, 17.59%, no significant difference in MWD between SSC treated and CK groups. For non-rhizosphere soils, the addition of WBC, BCF4 significantly improved soil MWD by 9.94%, 18.95%, and there was no significant difference in MWD between SSC treated and CK groups. The treatment groups containing biochar all significantly improved the soil MWD. Studies have shown that biochar interacts with soil minerals through surface hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions, which may be responsible for the biochar promoting formation of large aggregates of soil. Among all the treatment groups, the BCF4 treatment group has the strongest promotion effect on the soil MWD, probably because the BCF4 contains more PAM, and the PAM is adsorbed on the surface of the biochar to remarkably improve the cohesion of soil particles, so that the biochar is beneficial to agglomerating the soil particles to form macropores and improve the stability of soil agglomerates.
(5) Influence on soil Water holding Capacity
FIG. 10 is the effect of moisture evaporation capacity (EWC) after soil treatment with the conditioner of the present invention (P <0.05, n=3);
the evaporation amount of water in different soil treatment groups is different, and when the evaporation time is 24 hours, the EWC of BCF4 is obviously increased by 12.92% compared with CK, and other treatment groups have no obvious difference from CK.
As evaporation time increases, the EWC of BCF4 group is significantly lower than other treatment groups, and at 96h, the EWC of BCF4 is significantly lower than other treatment groups, reaching the lowest value in all treatment groups, indicating that BCF4 has better soil water retention capacity. Biochar can increase soil aggregation and reduce the volume weight of soil, thereby increasing the water holding capacity, aeration and nutrient supply capacity of the soil. The sludge composting can enhance the water and fertilizer retaining capacity of the soil, reduce the hardening of the surface layer of the soil and mature the soil structure. The BCF4 in the composite modifier has the most obvious promotion effect on the soil water retention capacity, probably because PAM is adsorbed on the surface of the biochar, the cohesion of the biochar particles can be obviously improved, the biochar is facilitated to agglomerate the soil particles, and macropores are formed, so that the saturated water retention performance of the soil is improved.
The comparison test shows that:
(1) The raw materials WBC and SSC have rich pore structures, and obvious gaps are reserved among SiO2-NPs particles, so that water storage and fertilizer preservation are facilitated. WBC and all complex modifiers are basic and SSC is weakly acidic. All the composite modifiers have higher water retention performance.
(2) The addition of WBC, SSC and composite modifier can obviously promote the growth of the oil sunflower, promote photosynthesis and improve the root development of the oil sunflower. The modifier promotes plant growth mainly by improving root morphology. Among them, BCF4 has the strongest promoting effect on root tip number.
(3) The addition of WBC, SSC and composite modifier affects the physicochemical properties of the saline soil. The addition of WBC and BCF4 significantly improved soil aggregate stability, with BCF4 being the strongest promoting effect. In the aspect of soil water retention capacity, the WHC of BCF4 is maximum, the EWC is minimum, and the water retention capacity is strongest.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A compound modifier for plant growth promotion of coastal saline soil is characterized in that: the composite modifier is prepared from biochar, sludge compost, polyacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide, and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40-45 parts of biochar; 40-45 parts of sludge compost; 2-8 parts of polyacrylamide; 7-13 parts of nano silicon dioxide;
The biochar is prepared by taking waste biomass as a raw material and adopting an anaerobic slow pyrolysis method;
The polyacrylamide is anionic, and the molecular weight is 1000-1500 ten thousand;
the particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is 10-20 nm.
2. The coastal saline soil plant growth-promoting composite modifier according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the biological carbon, sludge composting, polyacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide comprise the following components in parts by weight:
42.5 parts of biochar; 42.5 parts of sludge compost; 8 parts of polyacrylamide; 7 parts of nano silicon dioxide.
3. The method for preparing the plant growth-promoting composite modifier for coastal saline soil according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparation of biochar
Drying the waste biomass to constant weight by using an oven, crushing the waste biomass into powder by using a crusher, and passing through a 2mm standard sieve; weighing the pretreated waste biomass raw material, placing the waste biomass raw material into a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen, discharging air in the system, heating to 500 ℃ from room temperature, keeping for 3 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature under the protection of nitrogen after pyrolysis is finished, drying in the air, crushing, and sieving with a 1mm sieve;
(2) Preparation of sludge compost
Naturally air-drying the residual sludge of the domestic sewage, and sieving with a 1mm sieve;
(3) Composite modifier prepared by disc granulation method
Crushing polyacrylamide, grinding into powder, and sieving with a 1mm sieve;
Fully stirring and uniformly mixing biochar, sludge compost, polyacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide according to a proportion; granulating in a sugar coating machine; adding distilled water in a spraying mode during granulation to generate particles, and continuously rotating the sugar coating machine; repeating the steps to enlarge the particles, and rotating for more than 30 minutes to increase the hardness of the particles; after granulation, spherical particles which are reserved between 2-5 mm sieves are selected, and the spherical particles are dried to constant mass at 60 ℃;
in the step (1), the drying temperature is 95 ℃, the nitrogen gas introducing rate is 500mL min -1, the time is 20min, and the heating rate is 5 ℃ min -1.
4. The method for preparing the plant growth-promoting composite modifier for the coastal saline soil according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the rotation speed of the sugar coating machine is set to be 30-50 r/min, and the temperature is set to be 85 ℃.
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| CN115785969A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-03-14 | 江苏省沿海开发集团有限公司 | Soil conditioner for improving coastal salinized soil |
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