CN117353000B - Novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
Novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN117353000B CN117353000B CN202311246972.4A CN202311246972A CN117353000B CN 117353000 B CN117353000 B CN 117353000B CN 202311246972 A CN202311246972 A CN 202311246972A CN 117353000 B CN117353000 B CN 117353000B
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna which is manufactured by adopting a CNC all-metal processing technology and comprises an antenna layer and a feed layer. The antenna layer comprises a radiation layer, a coupling layer and a resonant cavity layer, and can be practically processed into one layer. The radiation unit on the radiation layer is used for changing the phase of the electric field under different polarizations, and the coupling layer is provided with a chute which is longitudinally and centrally arranged and can generate 45-degree linear polarization. The resonant cavity layer is provided with a rectangular resonant cavity and a metal bump; the feed layer is provided with a standard rectangular waveguide WR12 for feeding the resonant cavity layer. The invention realizes the high symmetry smoothness of circular polarization and radiation pattern by using the antenna with the multilayer metallization structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted antennas, in particular to a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna.
Background
At present, the propagation of millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar antennas is basically of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization signals, and in real life, the propagation characteristics of wireless electromagnetic waves can be influenced by shielding of severe antennas and some obstacles, so that the reliability and effectiveness of information transmission are reduced. The problems can be solved by circular polarization, the circular polarized antenna can receive linear polarized waves in any direction, and simultaneously, the generated circular polarized waves can also be received by any linear polarized antenna; in addition, the rotation direction of the circular polarization is divided into left and right according to the characteristics of the electric field propagation direction, so that the selective attenuation of signals generated by multipath effect can be reduced; when the linear polarized wave reaches a certain height, the faraday effect causes signal loss, but the effect is very small for the circular polarized antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna comprises an antenna layer positioned at the upper part and a feed layer 4 positioned at the lower part, wherein the antenna layer is sequentially provided with a radiation layer 1, a coupling layer 2 and a resonant cavity layer 3 from top to bottom, the feed layer 4 is used for feeding power to the resonant cavity layer 3, the resonant cavity layer 3 carries out coupling power feeding on the radiation layer 1 through the coupling layer 2, and finally the radiation layer radiates into space and forms a fan-shaped wave beam;
The radiation layer 1 is provided with 1 radiation unit 1A with an upward opening and a hollow structure;
The coupling layer 2 is provided with 4 longitudinally arranged 45-degree inclined grooves which are distributed in a hollowed structure and are symmetrical in center, wherein the inclined grooves are respectively a first inclined groove 2AA, a second inclined groove 2AB, a third inclined groove 2AC and a fourth inclined groove 2AD, and the first inclined groove 2AA and the second inclined groove 2AB are respectively symmetrical with the third inclined groove 2AC and the fourth inclined groove 2AD with respect to the center of the coupling layer; the upper surface of the coupling layer 2 is in seamless fit with the lower surface of the radiation layer 1;
The resonant cavity layer 3 is provided with a rectangular resonant cavity 3A with a hollowed-out structure, and two long sides of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A are respectively provided with a first metal lug 3AA, a third metal lug 3AC, a second metal lug 3AB and a fourth metal lug 3AD; the first metal bump 3AA, the second metal bump 3AB, the third metal bump 3AC and the fourth metal bump 3AD are arranged in a staggered manner and are symmetrical about the center of the resonant cavity 3A; the upper surface of the resonant cavity layer 3 is in seamless fit with the lower surface of the coupling layer 2;
the feed layer 4 is provided with an L-shaped rectangular waveguide 4A with a hollowed-out structure, the L-shaped rectangular waveguide 4A is located at the center of the feed layer, the L-shaped rectangular waveguide 4A comprises a first waveguide port 4AA and a second waveguide port 4AB, a matching block 4AC is arranged at a right angle, the upper surface of the feed layer 4 is in seamless fit with the lower surface of the resonant cavity 3A, the first waveguide port 4AA is used as a feed input port, is arranged on the side face of the feed layer 4, feeds the resonant cavity 3A through the second waveguide port 4AB serving as a feed output port, and the second waveguide port 4AB is arranged on the upper surface of the feed layer 4 and is located right below the center of the resonant cavity 3A.
Further, the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD are located below the radiating element 1A, above the rectangular resonant cavity 3A, which cuts the current of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A, coupled in phase to the radiating element 1A.
Further, the first metal bump 3AA, the second metal bump 3AB, the third metal bump 3AC and the fourth metal bump 3AD are rectangular, triangular, elliptical or irregular in shape, and the position of the standing wave point of the electric field in the rectangular resonant cavity 3A is changed, so that the four inclined slots can be arranged in a collinear manner.
Further, the distance range of every two adjacent inclined grooves in the 4 inclined grooves is lambda g/2-lambda g, so that grating lobes of the antenna directional diagram are avoided; the distance between the first metal bump 3AA and the third metal bump 3AC, and the distance between the second metal bump 3AB and the fourth metal bump 3AD are in the range of lambdag/2-lambdag, lambdag is the waveguide wavelength of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A under the target frequency, all hollow structures of the antenna are centered and symmetrical by the same central point, and the front view of the main wave beam of the antenna is ensured.
Further, the shape of the radiating element 1A is rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular or diamond, and when electric fields with different polarizations pass through the radiating element 1A, the phase speeds are different, so that by changing the height of the radiating element 1A, the phase difference between the vertical electric field vector and the horizontal electric field vector is adjusted.
Further, the L-shaped rectangular waveguide 4A is provided with a stepped matching block 4AC at a right angle, and the impedance of the L-shaped rectangular waveguide is suddenly changed at the right angle, so that the matching block is used for changing the impedance value of the L-shaped rectangular waveguide at the right angle, thereby adjusting the reflection coefficient of the L-shaped rectangular waveguide 4A.
Further, the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD are rectangular or L-shaped, and cut the current of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A to realize a 45 ° polarized electric field.
Further, the radiation layer 1, the coupling layer 2 and the resonant cavity layer 3 in the antenna layer are used as a layer for processing and forming, the section thickness of the antenna layer is 2.2mm and 3mm, the working procedures can be reduced, the cost is reduced, and the processing yield of the antenna is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna disclosed by the invention can radiate right-hand circularly polarized waves in the 77GHz frequency band, and the bandwidth covers 76-81GHz, so that the novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna is used for millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radars.
2. According to the novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna disclosed by the invention, the waveguide transmission line is adopted at the bottom to carry out center feed, so that adverse effects of a feed structure on the radiation performance of the antenna are avoided.
3. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna disclosed by the invention adopts a multi-layer all-metal structure, which is beneficial to the antenna to obtain broadband and excellent radiation performance; the excitation current of the radiation unit is controlled, chebyshev distribution is better met, and low side lobes are realized.
4. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna disclosed by the invention has a simple structure, and the antenna adopts a multilayer structure, but can realize integrated processing by combining three layers of a radiation layer, a coupling layer and a feed layer, so that the processing procedure and the processing cost are reduced.
5. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna disclosed by the invention realizes circularly polarized waves, has strong anti-interference capability and is more accurate in radar detection in severe environments.
6. The invention discloses a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna, and the resonant cavities of concave-convex structures enable inclined slots to be arranged in a collinear manner.
7. According to the novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna disclosed by the invention, 45-degree polarized electric fields are generated through the chute, and a radiation unit with different phase speeds for the vertical polarized electric field and the horizontal polarized electric field is designed, so that circularly polarized waves are realized; by rotating the chute by 90 degrees, circularly polarized waves of opposite rotation directions can be correspondingly realized.
8. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the processing tolerance is considered, and the risk of mass production of the antenna is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle radar circularly polarized antenna according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle radar circularly polarized antenna radiation layer 1 in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle radar circularly polarized antenna radiation layer 1 in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a top view of the coupling layer 2 of the novel 3D millimeter wave radar circularly polarized antenna in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a top view of the coupling layer 2 of the novel 3D millimeter wave radar circularly polarized antenna in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the resonant cavity layer 3 of the novel 3D millimeter wave radar circularly polarized antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an oblique view of the feed layer 4 of the novel 3D millimeter wave radar circularly polarized antenna of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a side view of an L-shaped rectangular waveguide 4A with a hollowed-out structure of a feed layer of the novel 3D millimeter wave radar circularly polarized antenna of the present invention;
fig. 10 is an |s11| simulation graph of a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle radar circularly polarized antenna in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 11 is an axial ratio bandwidth simulation graph of a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle radar circularly polarized antenna in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a simulation graph of a 78.5GHz directional diagram of a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle radar circularly polarized antenna in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 13 is an |s11| simulation graph of a novel 3D millimeter wave radar circularly polarized antenna in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
Fig. 14 is an axial ratio bandwidth simulation graph of a novel 3D millimeter wave radar circularly polarized antenna in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
Fig. 15 is a diagram simulation graph of 77.5GHz of the novel 3D millimeter wave radar circularly polarized antenna of example 3 of the present invention;
Reference numerals: 1-radiation layer, 1A-radiation unit, 2-coupling layer, 2 AA-first chute, 2 AB-second chute, 2 AC-third chute, 2 AD-fourth chute, 3-resonant cavity layer, 3A-rectangular resonant cavity, 3 AA-first metal bump, 3 AB-second metal bump, 3 AC-third metal bump, 3 AD-fourth metal bump, 4-feed layer, 4A-L rectangular waveguide, 4 AA-feed input, 4 AB-feed output, 4 AC-matching block.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses an all-metal structure circularly polarized antenna with a broadband and low side lobe for a 77GHz millimeter wave vehicle radar, which comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are respectively an antenna layer and a feed layer 4. The antenna layer is internally provided with a radiation layer 1, a coupling layer 2 and a resonant cavity layer 3 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The radiation layer 1 is provided with 1 radiation unit 1A with an upward opening; the coupling layer 2 is provided with 45-degree inclined grooves which are longitudinally arranged and distributed; the chute comprises a first chute 2AA, a second chute 2AB, a third chute 2AC and a fourth chute 2AD, the chute is positioned below the radiation unit 1A and is in seamless connection with the bottom of the radiation unit 1A, and the upper surface of the coupling layer 2 is the lower surface of the radiation layer; the resonant cavity layer 3 is provided with a rectangular resonant cavity 3A, a first metal bump 3AA, a second metal bump 3AB, a third metal bump 3AC and a fourth metal bump 3AD; the first metal bump 3AA, the second metal bump 3AB, the third metal bump 3AC and the fourth metal bump 3AD are centrosymmetric with respect to the rectangular cavity 3A; the distance range of the adjacent chute is lambda g/2-lambda g, and the distance range of the adjacent metal lug of the metal lug is lambda g/2-lambda g (lambda g is the waveguide wavelength of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A under the target frequency).
The feed layer 4 is provided with 1L-shaped rectangular waveguide 4A; the long side of the feed input end 4AA is perpendicular to the upper surface of the feed layer, the short side of the feed input end 4AA is parallel to the upper surface of the feed layer, the feed output end 4AB is coplanar with the upper surface of the feed layer, the waveguide port 4AB of the feed output port is right below the center of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A, the long side of the feed output end 4AB is perpendicular to the long side of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A, the L-shaped rectangular waveguide is provided with a matching block 4AC at a right angle, and the matching block 4AC is a stepped bump for reducing the reflection coefficient of the L-shaped rectangular waveguide 4A.
The feed layer 4 is used for feeding power to the resonant cavity layer 3, and the resonant cavity layer 3 carries out coupling power feeding on the radiation layer 1 through the coupling layer 2; the radiation layer 1, the coupling layer 2 and the resonant cavity layer 3 can be used as a layer for processing, the section of the antenna layer is only 2.5mm, the single-layer processing requirement is met, and meanwhile, the processing cost and the processing error are reduced.
The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar antenna disclosed by the embodiment realizes the function of dividing four power into different parts by using the 1 resonant cavity layer 3, wherein the resonant cavity layer 3 is internally provided with a rectangular resonant cavity, a first metal lug 3AA, a second metal lug 3AB, a third metal lug 3AC and a fourth metal lug 3AD, the bottom center of the resonant cavity layer is fed, and the electric field distribution and the power distribution in the rectangular resonant cavity 3A are realized by changing the sizes of the first metal lug 3AA, the second metal lug 3AB, the third metal lug 3AC and the fourth metal lug 3 AD; the first metal bump 3AA, the second metal bump 3AB, the third metal bump 3AC, and the fourth metal bump 3AD may be replaced with triangular, trapezoidal, or irregular shapes.
The first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD are longitudinally distributed along the central line of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A, the distance between adjacent rectangular chutes is 0.5λg- λg, and the in-phase excitation is realized by selecting the in-phase position of the current direction according to the current distribution of the upper surface of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A; the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD cut the current on the upper surface of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A at 45 degrees respectively, and the electric field is perpendicular to the long sides of the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD and can be decomposed into a vertical electric field vector and a horizontal electric field vector with equal amplitude and phase, and the vertical electric field vector advances by 90 degrees from the horizontal electric field vector through the radiation layer 1, so that right-hand circularly polarized waves are realized. The circumferences of the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD are 0.51λ 0, the distance between the adjacent 2 chutes is 0.82λ g, wherein λ 0 is the operating wavelength (such as 77GHz corresponds to 3.9mm of operating wavelength) under the free space at the target frequency, and λ g is the waveguide wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the rectangular resonant cavity 3A.
When the resonant cavity layer 3 of the polarized antenna is excited, the sizes of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A, the first metal convex block 3AA, the second metal convex block 3AB, the third metal convex block 3AC and the fourth metal convex block 3AD, the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD can be adjusted to enable excitation current distribution required by the chute to better meet chebyshev distribution, and therefore the purpose of low side lobe of the wave beam is achieved.
The invention realizes circular polarization by using a multi-layer all-metal structure antenna, and realizes a side lobe of 15dB in a wide frequency band and a full bandwidth of 74.19GHz-81.76 GHz; because the antenna structure is odd symmetric and the center feed mode from bottom to top, the radiation pattern under circular polarization is highly symmetric and smooth; the integrated processing device has the advantages of excellent performance, simple structure, easiness in processing and low profile, and three layers of the radiation layer, the coupling layer and the feed layer can be integrated.
Example 2
Considering the severe environment in real life, compared with a single linearly polarized wave, the circularly polarized wave is less affected, and the reliability and the effectiveness of information transmission are higher. Meanwhile, on the premise of ensuring the excellent performance of the antenna, in order to reduce the number of layers of the all-metal structure, reduce the influence of actual interlayer gaps, reduce the section of the antenna and reduce materials, the embodiment discloses a broadband low-side lobe circularly polarized antenna of the all-metal structure for the 77GHz millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an antenna, and the 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar antenna of the present invention includes a radiation layer 1, a coupling layer 2, a resonant cavity layer 3 and a feed layer 4. Adjacent layers are in seamless connection, and the coupling layer 2, the resonant cavity layer 3 and the feed layer 4 can be processed by being three-layered into one layer, so that gaps generated between the layers during installation are avoided.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the antenna radiation layer 1 in this embodiment, where the radiation layer 1 includes a radiation unit 1A with an upward opening, and the radiation unit 1A is a horn-shaped unit with an upward opening, and in fig. 2, the shape of the radiation unit 1A is rectangular, but not limited to rectangular, but may also be trapezoidal, triangular, or irregular. By changing the height of the radiation unit 1A, the phase difference between the vertical electric field vector and the horizontal electric field vector can be adjusted, the axial ratio can be changed, and the proper height can be selected according to different conditions.
In this embodiment, fig. 5 is a radiation diagram of the coupling layer 2, where the coupling layer 2 includes 4 longitudinally distributed inclined slots, 2 AA-first inclined slot, 2 AB-second inclined slot, 2 AC-third inclined slot, and 2 AD-fourth inclined slot, and in this embodiment, the shape of the inclined slot is rectangular, but is not limited to rectangle, but may be any caliber, but its axis must be 45 ° with the axis of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A, where, to ensure beam front view, it is possible to implement beam front view by selecting the simplest centrosymmetric arrangement, and changing the arrangement, the position and size of the inclined slot, and the size of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A; the long sides of the 4 longitudinally distributed inclined grooves form an angle of 45 degrees with the central axis of the resonant cavity layer (-45 degrees can be also adopted), and all the inclined grooves are required to be placed at the same angle and correspond to single cavities inside the resonant cavity layer respectively, as shown in figure 4. The width of the 4 chute is 1mm (the recommended processing size is 0.5mm-1.2mm, the width is too small and is easily influenced by the processing precision, and the short side size of the chute can be randomly reduced by simulation).
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an internal hollow structure of a resonant cavity layer, wherein the resonant cavity layer 3 includes a rectangular resonant cavity 3A, a first metal bump 3AA, a second metal bump 3AB, a third metal bump 3AC, and a fourth metal bump 3AD; the total length of the rectangular cavity 3A is 12mm (total length range 10-15mm for four units), 3.3mm wide (3 mm-4 mm), 0.5mm high (0.2-1 mm). By adjusting the sizes of the first metal bump 3AA, the second metal bump 3AB, the third metal bump 3AC and the fourth metal bump 3AD, the power and current distribution in the corresponding cavity is changed.
Fig. 8 is an oblique view of a feeding layer, fig. 9 is a side view of an L-shaped rectangular waveguide 4A with a hollowed-out structure of the feeding layer, and the feeding layer 4A includes a rectangular waveguide input end 4AA, a rectangular waveguide output end 4AB, and a matching block 4AC, where the matching block 4AC is. By adopting a wave port feeding mode, the cross section length of the rectangular waveguide input end 4AA is 2.8mm, the width is 1mm, the cross section length of the rectangular waveguide output end 4AB is 3.1mm, the width is 1mm, the single-mode transmission condition of the rectangular waveguide in the 76-81GHz frequency band is met, matching is carried out according to the required impedance, and the proper cross section size is selected.
The invention realizes one-fourth power by one feeding layer, and when the resonant cavity layer is fed from the center of the bottom by the rectangular waveguide, the existence of the metal lug is beneficial to realizing the distribution of power in the cavity; and then the current is cut in the axial direction in a placement mode that the long side of the inclined groove forms a 45-degree angle with the axis of the resonant cavity layer, 45-degree polarization is realized, and finally the vertical electric field vector advances the horizontal electric field vector by 90-degree phase through the radiation layer, so that right-hand circularly polarized wave is realized. And then the current distribution on the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD is close to Chebyshev weighted distribution by optimizing the sizes of the first metal convex block 3AA, the second metal convex block 3AB, the third metal convex block 3AC and the fourth metal convex block 3AD and optimizing the positions of the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD, so that the low side lobe of-16 dB is realized.
The simulation calculation is performed on the millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment to obtain a simulation S11 curve, as shown in fig. 10. As can be seen from FIG. 10, the-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 74.67GHz-83.73GHz. As can be seen from FIG. 11, the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 72.29GHz-83.86GHz. Fig. 12 is a simulated radiation pattern of the antenna at a frequency point of 78.5GHz, where the horizontal plane phi=0° and the vertical plane phi=90°, the implementation and the dashed lines represent the horizontal plane and the vertical plane respectively, and it is known from the figure that the antenna gain is 13dbi, the 3dB beam width displayed on the e plane is 21.6 °, the 3dB beam width displayed on the H plane is 79 °, the sub-class level is lower than-16 dB, and the circularly polarized antenna disclosed in the present embodiment has excellent performances such as wide frequency band, high gain, wide beam, etc. in the frequency band. And the antenna structure of this embodiment is from domestic CNC machining precision requirement design, simple structure, easy processing, the layer number is few.
Example 3
In this embodiment, there are four layers as in embodiment 1, namely, a radiation layer 1, a coupling layer 2, a resonant cavity layer 3 and a feeding layer 4 in this order from top to bottom, wherein the principles of the feeding layer 4 and the resonant cavity layer 3 are the same as in embodiment 1. The difference from embodiment 1 is that the shape of the inclined grooves 2AA, 2AB, 2AC, 2AD in embodiment 1 is an L-shaped rectangular inclined groove as shown in fig. 4; in this embodiment, the radiation layer 1 includes a radiation unit 1A, where the radiation unit 1A is four diamond-shaped open waveguides arranged linearly in a longitudinal direction, as shown in fig. 6; the antenna structure of the present embodiment can also have the effect of generating circularly polarized waves.
As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the radiation unit 1A may make the phase velocity of the vertical polarized electric field and the horizontal polarized electric field different, and the electromagnetic wave passes through the radiation unit 1A with the vertical polarized electric field being behind the horizontal polarized electric field by 90 ° in the present embodiment, thereby realizing a left-hand circularly polarized wave. The aperture size and depth size of the radiation element 1A directly affect the phase difference between the vertical polarization component and the horizontal polarization component, and thus, may be controlled to be around 90 ° in phase difference.
As shown in fig. 6, the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC, and the fourth chute 2AD can respectively cut the current on the upper surface of the rectangular resonant cavity 3A, the generated electric fields are perpendicular to each other, and the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC, and the fourth chute 2AD rotate 90 ° around themselves as the center, so that the rotation direction of the circularly polarized wave can be changed. The axial length of the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD is about lambda/2, the width of the chute is about 1mm (more than 0.5mm is recommended, and the processing is convenient), and the size of the chute depth is unlimited. The placement positions of the first chute 2AA, the second chute 2AB, the third chute 2AC and the fourth chute 2AD can be adjusted at will, but it is necessary to ensure that the directions of the electric fields in the respective chutes are consistent.
Simulation calculation is performed on the millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment to obtain a simulation S11 curve, as shown in fig. 13. As can be seen from FIG. 13, the-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 76.69GHz-78.38GHz. As can be seen from FIG. 14, the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 75.19GHz-78.59GHz. Fig. 15 is a simulated radiation pattern of the antenna at a frequency point of 77.5GHz, where the horizontal plane phi=0° and the vertical plane phi=90°, the implementation and the dashed lines represent the horizontal plane and the vertical plane respectively, and it is known from the figure that the antenna gain is 15dBi, the 3dB beam width displayed on the vertical plane is 17.1 °, the 3dB beam width displayed on the H plane is 57 °, the sub-class level is lower than-16 dB, and the circularly polarized antenna disclosed in the present embodiment has excellent performances such as high gain, wide beam, etc. in the frequency band.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna is characterized by comprising an antenna layer positioned at the upper part and a feed layer (4) positioned at the lower part, wherein the antenna layer is sequentially arranged from top to bottom and comprises a radiation layer (1), a coupling layer (2) and a resonant cavity layer (3), the feed layer (4) is used for feeding power to the resonant cavity layer (3), the resonant cavity layer (3) carries out coupling power feeding on the radiation layer (1) through the coupling layer (2), and finally the radiation layer radiates to space and forms a fan-shaped wave beam;
The radiation layer (1) is provided with 1 radiation unit (1A) with an upward opening and a hollow structure;
The coupling layer (2) is provided with 4 longitudinally arranged 45-degree inclined grooves which are distributed in a hollowed-out structure and are symmetrical in center, wherein the 45-degree inclined grooves are respectively a first inclined groove (2 AA), a second inclined groove (2 AB), a third inclined groove (2 AC) and a fourth inclined groove (2 AD), and the first inclined groove (2 AA) and the second inclined groove (2 AB) are respectively symmetrical with the third inclined groove (2 AC) and the fourth inclined groove (2 AD) with respect to the center of the coupling layer; the upper surface of the coupling layer (2) is in seamless fit with the lower surface of the radiation layer (1);
The resonant cavity layer (3) is provided with a rectangular resonant cavity (3A) with a hollowed-out structure, and two long sides of the rectangular resonant cavity (3A) are respectively provided with a first metal lug (3 AA), a third metal lug (3 AC), a second metal lug (3 AB) and a fourth metal lug (3 AD); the first metal bumps (3 AA), the second metal bumps (3 AB), the third metal bumps (3 AC) and the fourth metal bumps (3 AD) are arranged in a staggered manner and are symmetrical about the center of the rectangular resonant cavity (3A); the upper surface of the resonant cavity layer (3) is in seamless fit with the lower surface of the coupling layer (2);
The utility model provides a rectangular waveguide structure L type that feed layer (4) are equipped with one hollow out construction, be located feed layer central point put, L type rectangular waveguide (4A) are including first waveguide mouth (4 AA), second waveguide mouth (4 AB), and be equipped with at right angle department and match piece (4 AC), the upper surface of feed layer (4) and the seamless laminating of lower surface of rectangular resonant cavity (3A), wherein first waveguide mouth (4 AA) are as the feed input port, set up in the side of feed layer (4), and feed rectangular resonant cavity (3A) through second waveguide mouth (4 AB) as the feed delivery outlet, second waveguide mouth (4 AB) set up in the upper surface of feed layer (4), and be located rectangular resonant cavity (3A) center below.
2. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first chute (2 AA), the second chute (2 AB), the third chute (2 AC) and the fourth chute (2 AD) are positioned below the radiating unit (1A), are in seamless connection with the bottom of the radiating unit (1A), and the upper surface of the coupling layer (2) is the lower surface of the radiating layer.
3. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle radar circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first metal bump (3 AA), the second metal bump (3 AB), the third metal bump (3 AC) and the fourth metal bump (3 AD) are rectangular, triangular, elliptical or irregular in shape.
4. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the distance between every two adjacent inclined grooves in the 4 inclined grooves ranges from λg/2 to λg, the distance between the first metal bump (3 AA) and the third metal bump (3 AC), the distance between the second metal bump (3 AB) and the fourth metal bump (3 AD) ranges from λg/2 to λg, λg is the waveguide wavelength of the rectangular resonant cavity (3A) under the target frequency, and the radiation layer, the coupling layer, the resonant cavity layer and the feed layer in the antenna are all centrosymmetric with respective center points.
5. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radiating element (1A) is rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular or diamond-shaped, and the phase difference between the vertical electric field vector and the horizontal electric field vector is adjusted by changing the height of the radiating element (1A).
6. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the L-shaped rectangular waveguide (4A) is provided with a stepped matching block (4 AC) at a right angle for adjusting the reflection coefficient of the L-shaped rectangular waveguide (4A).
7. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first chute (2 AA), the second chute (2 AB), the third chute (2 AC) and the fourth chute (2 AD) are rectangular or L-shaped.
8. The novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radiation layer (1), the coupling layer (2) and the resonant cavity layer (3) in the antenna layer are used as one layer for processing and forming, and the section thickness of the antenna layer is [2.2mm,3mm ].
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| CN202311246972.4A CN117353000B (en) | 2023-09-26 | 2023-09-26 | Novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circularly polarized antenna |
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