Background
Mineral resources in the ocean are extremely abundant, the total reserve is estimated to be 6 trillion tons, wherein the petroleum is about 1350 trillion tons, the natural gas is 140 trillion cubic meters, the manganese nodule is 3 trillion tons, the gold is 500 trillion tons, and the reserve of uranium only in the seawater is 50 trillion tons; the potential of ocean mineral resource development and utilization is huge.
The seawater is rich in mineral resources, and mainly comprises the following components: chlorine, sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, bromine, boron, uranium and other materials. At present, the extraction of salt from sea water is not satisfied, and more materials are expected to be extracted from sea water to meet the requirement of economic development.
The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is a multifunctional high-purity green environment-friendly mineral fertilizer integrating silicon-calcium fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and rare earth elements, and the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer can not replace a compound fertilizer, but can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer; its main function is to prevent death of crops, resist continuous cropping, condition soil, increase yield and income, raise fertilizer efficiency and improve quality. The fertilizer is suitable for various green plants, and has obvious quality improvement and yield increase effects on rice, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables, wheat, corn, melons, rape, peanuts, sugarcanes, sweet potatoes, potatoes and the like.
The Chinese patent with publication number CN102391021B discloses a method for producing a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer by taking water quenched slag of an ironmaking blast furnace as a raw material, which comprises the following steps: 1) Drying water quenching slag generated in the blast furnace ironmaking process; 2) Adding 5-10wt% of quicklime into the dried water quenching slag, and then sending the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling; 3) Adding 5-10wt% of binder and 10-15wt% of water into the ball-milled powder, and granulating on a fertilizer granulator; 4) And drying the granulated fertilizer. The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is granular and is different from the powder silicon fertilizer produced in the past, so that the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is more convenient for farmers to apply in fields, and the damage to crops caused by the fact that the fertilizer is stuck on crop leaves in the using process is avoided. On the other hand, after the quicklime is added, the produced silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer has higher content of available nutrients, and the content of available silicon can reach more than 30 percent.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102329174B discloses a humic acid silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and a production method thereof. It is produced by the following method: naturally air-drying the water quenching slag until the water content is 15-25%, grinding the dried water quenching slag in a ball mill to 80-100 meshes, uniformly mixing the ground powder with humic acid raw materials with the humic acid content of 75-80% (mass fraction) according to the mass ratio of 2:1-1.5 to form a mixture A, adding a binder accounting for 5-10% of the mass of the mixture A into the mixture A, uniformly stirring and mixing, granulating on a fertilizer granulator, spraying water according to the mass ratio of 10-15% of the mixture A in the granulating process to form a granular fertilizer, controlling the grain size of the fertilizer to be 2-4mm, and finally drying to obtain the calcium magnesium humate fertilizer.
The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN103641651A discloses a soil-activated fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of pig farm manure, 20-25 parts of crop straw, 12-14 parts of medical stone, 11-13 parts of bentonite, 14-16 parts of zeolite, 4-6 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-3 parts of borax, 1-3 parts of citric acid, 1-2 parts of fulvic acid, 2-3 parts of humic acid, 11-13 parts of soil activator, 1-2 parts of EM bacteria and a proper amount of water. The soil activation fertilizer adopts natural raw materials such as pig farm manure, crop straw and the like, is convenient to obtain materials, has low price and cost, is rich in nutrition, and can improve the soil structure; and the medical stone, bentonite and zeolite are used as the auxiliary materials, so that resources can be fully utilized, production investment can be reduced, and pollution caused by chemical fertilizers can be reduced.
The Chinese patent application publication No. CN107641054A discloses a method for preparing a fertilizer for preventing soil caking, which is mainly prepared by mixing 60-90 parts of straw stalk, 60-70 parts of corn meal, 10-12 parts of corn starch, 6-8 parts of sucrose powder, 45-50 parts of bentonite, 10-12 parts of sodium metasilicate, 15-18 parts of ground phosphate rock, 6-9 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-4 parts of potassium chloride, 7-10 parts of amino acid chelating liquid, 6-8 parts of humic acid and 7-10 parts of trace element fertilizer; the fertilizer disclosed by the invention is balanced and reasonable in nutrition, the formula is adjusted according to the requirements of crops and soil, and the growth requirements of the crops are met through a reasonable formula and a specific manufacturing method.
The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer prepared by the above patent and the prior art has high production cost, complex process, secondary pollution to the environment and insufficient nutrients of the prepared silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer. The marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is crystallized and mutually bonded under a humid environment to cause caking, and the fertilizer can be dissolved under severe conditions, so that the storage time and the quality guarantee period are reduced, and the hydrophobic and moisture-proof performances of the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer are improved.
The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer prepared by the above patent and the prior art is easy to cause soil hardening, and soil is stuck into blocks or plates to prevent the growth and development of plant root systems. If not addressed in time, can have a significant impact on crop yield and quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer with a soil anti-caking effect.
The first technical scheme provides a preparation method of a marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer with a soil anti-caking effect, which comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning and drying shells, and sending the shells into a ball mill for ball milling for later use;
s2: washing marine organism, drying, and grinding;
s3: taking siliceous soft mud deposited on the seabed, drying and grinding to obtain siliceous powder for later use;
s4: evaporating and concentrating seawater to obtain brine with water content of 20-30%;
s5: mixing and stirring 20-30 parts of shell powder, 10-20 parts of marine organism powder, 30-50 parts of siliceous powder, 60-80 parts of brine and 5-10 parts of binder according to parts by weight for 5-8min, and granulating on a fertilizer granulator after finishing;
s6: mixing and stirring the obtained granules with an anti-caking agent with the dosage of 2-5 kg/ton of fertilizer for 5-8min, and treating the surfaces of the granules to prevent caking; and drying at low temperature to obtain the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer.
The second technical scheme provides a preparation method of the anti-caking agent, which comprises the following steps:
according to the weight portions, 34 to 70 portions of mercaptoethyl oleate, 25 to 50 portions of diallyl chlorophosphite, 200 to 300 portions of ethanol and 5 to 10 portions of organic alkali are added into a reaction kettle with a stirring device, heated to 60 to 70 ℃, stirred for 50 to 100 minutes, then 2 to 6 portions of calcium polyaspartate are added, the mixture is stirred for 30 to 60 minutes under heat preservation, and ethanol is distilled off, thus obtaining the anti-caking agent.
The ball mill in the step S1 is ground to a size fraction of 80-100 meshes.
The marine organism in the S2 is crab shell or fishbone or kelp or dried small shrimps.
The binder in the step S5 is kaolin or bentonite.
And (5) granulating the fertilizer on a fertilizer granulator until the particle size is 2-4mm.
The organic base comprises sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide.
Reaction mechanism:
the method comprises the steps of generating a sulfhydryl-olefin addition reaction between sulfhydryl ethyl oleate and one allyl of diallyl chlorophosphite under the action of organic alkali, and generating an amino addition reaction between calcium polyaspartate and the other allyl of diallyl chlorophosphite under the action of organic alkali to obtain the anti-caking agent.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer with the soil anti-caking effect has the following beneficial effects:
1. after the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is treated by the anti-caking agent prepared by the invention, the anti-caking agent is not easy to crystallize and mutually adhere to cause caking in a humid environment, so that the storage time and the shelf life are prolonged, and the hydrophobic and dampproof properties of the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer are improved;
2. the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer with the soil anti-caking effect can improve the physical properties of soil, increase the air permeability, the water retention property and the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and is beneficial to preventing the soil from hardening;
3. the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer prepared by the invention can enable seeds to germinate rapidly, promote root system development, enable weak and injured root systems to recover vitality, shorten the seedling recovery period and enable crops to be robust; after application, the soil can be loosened and improved, the spread of soil-borne diseases is inhibited, the crop fruits are quickly expanded, the taste is good, and the crops come into the market in advance;
4. the marine mineral source Si-Ca-Mg fertilizer prepared by the invention can improve the resistance to a plurality of fungal diseases and bacterial diseases such as yellow mosaic, banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, cloud disease and the like by being applied to grain crops such as rice and wheat, so that the crops grow robustly.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
molding the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer into a cylinder with the diameter of 50 multiplied by 70mm under the pressure of 2MPa, and then placing the cylinder into a test box with the relative humidity of 80% and the temperature of 75 ℃ under the pressure for 12 hours; then placing the sample in an environment with relative humidity of 60% and temperature of 30 ℃ for 12 hours under the pressure, circulating for five times, and placing the sample at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the sample; then the sample falls freely from the height of 1m to a ground platform, and the sample is screened by an industrial screen (aperture 5 mm) for 1min to weigh the screen residue, and the caking rate of the fertilizer is calculated according to the following formula:
fertilizer caking (%) = screen residue/sample weight x 100%.
Mixing the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer with bentonite according to a proportion of 0.05:1, forming a cylinder with the diameter of 50 multiplied by 70mm under the pressure of 2MPa, and then placing the cylinder in a test box with the relative humidity of 80% and the temperature of 75 ℃ under the pressure for 12 hours; then placing the sample in an environment with relative humidity of 60% and temperature of 30 ℃ for 12 hours under the pressure, circulating for five times, and placing the sample at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the sample; then the sample falls freely from the height of 1m to a ground platform, and the sample is screened by an industrial screen (aperture 5 mm) for 1min to weigh the screen residue, and the soil caking rate is calculated according to the following formula:
soil caking (%) = screen residue/sample weight x 100%.
Example 1: the preparation method of the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer with the soil anti-caking effect comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning and drying shells, and sending the shells into a ball mill for ball milling for later use;
s2: washing marine organism, drying, and grinding;
s3: taking siliceous soft mud deposited on the seabed, drying and grinding to obtain siliceous powder for later use;
s4: evaporating and concentrating seawater to obtain brine with water content of 20% for later use;
s5: mixing and stirring 20kg of shell powder, 10kg of marine organism powder, 30kg of siliceous powder, 60kg of saline water and 5kg of binder for 5min, and granulating by a fertilizer granulator after finishing;
s6: mixing and stirring the obtained granules with an anti-caking agent with the dosage of 2 kg/ton of fertilizer for 5min, and treating the surfaces of the granules to prevent caking; and drying at low temperature to obtain the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer.
The preparation method of the anti-caking agent comprises the following steps:
34kg of mercaptoethyl oleate, 25kg of diallyl chlorophosphite, 200kg of ethanol and 5kg of organic alkali are added into a reaction kettle with a stirring device, heated to 60 ℃, stirred for 50 minutes, then 2kg of calcium polyaspartate is added, the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes with heat preservation, and ethanol is distilled off, so that the anti-caking agent is obtained.
The ball mill in the step S1 is ground to a size of 80 meshes.
The marine organisms in S2 are crab shells.
The binder in the step S5 is kaolin.
And (5) granulating the fertilizer on a fertilizer granulator until the particle size is 2mm.
The organic base is sodium ethoxide.
Example 2: the preparation method of the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer with the soil anti-caking effect comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning and drying shells, and sending the shells into a ball mill for ball milling for later use;
s2: washing marine organism, drying, and grinding;
s3: taking siliceous soft mud deposited on the seabed, drying and grinding to obtain siliceous powder for later use;
s4: evaporating and concentrating seawater to obtain brine with water content of 25% for later use;
s5: mixing 24kg of shell powder, 13kg of marine organism powder, 35kg of siliceous powder, 65kg of saline water and 6kg of binder, stirring for 6min, and granulating by a fertilizer granulator after finishing;
s6: mixing and stirring the obtained granules with an anti-caking agent with the dosage of 3 kg/ton of fertilizer for 6min, and treating the surfaces of the granules to prevent caking; and drying at low temperature to obtain the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer.
The preparation method of the anti-caking agent comprises the following steps:
55kg of mercaptoethyl oleate, 30kg of diallyl chlorophosphite, 240kg of ethanol and 6kg of organic alkali are added into a reaction kettle with a stirring device, heated to 65 ℃, stirred for 60 minutes, then 3kg of calcium polyaspartate is added, the mixture is stirred for 40 minutes with heat preservation, and ethanol is distilled off, so that the anti-caking agent is obtained.
The ball mill in the step S1 is ground to a 90-mesh grade.
The marine organism in S2 is fishbone.
The binder in the step S5 is kaolin.
And granulating on the S5 fertilizer granulator until the grain diameter is 3mm.
The organic base is potassium ethoxide.
Example 3: the preparation method of the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer with the soil anti-caking effect comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning and drying shells, and sending the shells into a ball mill for ball milling for later use;
s2: washing marine organism, drying, and grinding;
s3: taking siliceous soft mud deposited on the seabed, drying and grinding to obtain siliceous powder for later use;
s4: evaporating and concentrating seawater to obtain brine with water content of 25% for later use;
s5: mixing and stirring 28kg of shell powder, 18kg of marine organism powder, 45kg of siliceous powder, 75kg of saline water and 9kg of binder for 7min, and granulating by a fertilizer granulator after finishing;
s6: mixing and stirring the obtained granules with an anti-caking agent with the dosage of 4 kg/ton of fertilizer for 7min, and treating the surfaces of the granules to prevent caking; and drying at low temperature to obtain the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer.
The preparation method of the anti-caking agent comprises the following steps:
65kg of mercaptoethyl oleate, 45kg of diallyl chlorophosphite, 280kg of ethanol and 9kg of organic alkali are added into a reaction kettle with a stirring device, heated to 65 ℃, stirred for 90 minutes, then 5kg of calcium polyaspartate is added, the mixture is stirred for 50 minutes with heat preservation, and ethanol is distilled off, so that the anti-caking agent is obtained.
The ball mill in the step S1 is ground to a 90-mesh grade.
The marine organism in S2 is kelp.
The binder in the step S5 is bentonite.
And granulating on the S5 fertilizer granulator until the grain diameter is 3mm.
The organic base is sodium tert-butoxide.
Example 4: the preparation method of the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer with the soil anti-caking effect comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning and drying shells, and sending the shells into a ball mill for ball milling for later use;
s2: washing marine organism, drying, and grinding;
s3: taking siliceous soft mud deposited on the seabed, drying and grinding to obtain siliceous powder for later use;
s4: evaporating and concentrating seawater to obtain brine with water content of 30% for later use;
s5: mixing and stirring 30kg of shell powder, 20kg of marine organism powder, 50kg of siliceous powder, 80kg of saline water and 10kg of binder for 8min, and granulating by a fertilizer granulator after finishing;
s6: mixing and stirring the obtained granules with an anti-caking agent with the dosage of 5 kg/ton of fertilizer for 8min, and treating the surfaces of the granules to prevent caking; and drying at low temperature to obtain the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer.
The preparation method of the anti-caking agent comprises the following steps:
70kg of mercaptoethyl oleate, 50kg of diallyl chlorophosphite, 300kg of ethanol and 10kg of organic alkali are added into a reaction kettle with a stirring device, heated to 70 ℃, stirred for 100 minutes, then 6kg of calcium polyaspartate is added, the mixture is stirred for 60 minutes with heat preservation, and ethanol is distilled off, so that the anti-caking agent is obtained.
The ball mill in the step S1 is ground to 100 mesh grade.
The marine organism in the S2 is dried small shrimps.
The binder in the step S5 is bentonite.
And granulating the fertilizer on the S5 fertilizer granulator until the particle size is 4mm.
The organic base is potassium tert-butoxide.
Comparative example 1: the procedure of example 1 was followed except that no antiblocking agent was added.
Comparative example 2: mercaptoethyl oleate was not added and otherwise as in example 1.
Comparative example 3: diallyl chlorophosphite was not added, otherwise the same as in example 1.
Table 1: comparison of fertilizer caking Rate and soil caking Rate data for each example and comparative example
Through the data analysis of the examples and the comparative examples, after the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is treated by the anti-caking agent prepared by the invention, the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is not easy to crystallize and mutually adhere to cause caking in a humid environment, the storage time and the shelf life are improved, and the hydrophobic and dampproof properties of the marine mineral source silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer are improved; improving the physical properties of the soil, increasing the air permeability, the water retention property and the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and being beneficial to preventing the soil from hardening. The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer prepared by the invention has higher SiO content 2 The seeds can germinate rapidly, promote the development of root systems, make crops robust and the like.