CN117322876A - Cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on artery and vein parameters of neck - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on carotid artery and vein parameters. The monitoring system includes a blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module, a carotid artery and vein blood flow acquisition module, and a carotid artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module. and a display module for the patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level. The evaluation method includes positioning the photoacoustic PACT imager and the vascular B-ultrasound device at the carotid artery and jugular vein respectively, imaging the neck, and processing the imaging results to obtain the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity of the carotid artery and jugular vein. Obtain the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery and jugular vein and calculate the difference; evaluate the patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level based on the difference in oxygen saturation of the carotid artery and the jugular vein and the carotid artery and vein blood flow. The present invention can accurately detect the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery and vein. degree difference, thereby improving the accuracy of cerebral oxygen consumption assessment. The cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on carotid artery and vein parameters disclosed in the present invention can be widely used in the technical field of cerebral blood oxygen assessment.

Description

Cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on carotid artery and vein parameters

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of brain blood oxygen assessment, and in particular to a cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on carotid artery and vein parameters.

Background technique

Acute brain injury (ABI) is a disease that seriously affects human health worldwide, mainly including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and traumatic brain injury ( TBI). ABI causes residual disabilities in many survivors and creates a huge socioeconomic burden. The imbalance between cerebral oxygen supply and demand in ABI patients can induce secondary brain injury and further worsen the neurological prognosis. Therefore, accurately assessing the degree of oxygenation in the patient's brain and monitoring the balance of oxygen supply and demand in the brain are of great significance to improving the therapeutic effect of ABI patients;

At present, monitoring of the degree of oxygenation in the brain mainly relies on indicators such as cerebral oxygen partial pressure (PbtO ₂ ) and cerebral blood flow. However, these indicators cannot comprehensively and accurately reflect the oxygenation of brain tissue and the patient's cerebral oxygen supply and demand balance. For example, arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO ₂ ) and transcutaneous blood oxygen saturation (SpO ₂ ) monitoring are respectively obtained by puncturing arterial blood vessels for arterial blood gas analysis and non-invasive measurement by placing a pulse oximeter on the nail bed or forehead, representing oxygen. The ratio of combined hemoglobin is simple to operate, but it is not specific for cerebral oxygen. SpO ₂ is inaccurate in the case of severe hypoxemia, methemoglobinemia and carbon monoxide poisoning. Another example is the existing brain tissue oxygen partial pressure monitoring, which is directly Measuring the partial pressure of oxygen in local brain tissue, that is, within a 1mm area, is a surrogate indicator that reflects local oxygen supply (through blood oxygen content and perfusion) and oxygen consumption. However, it is invasive and can easily cause complications. It can only measure local brain tissue oxygen. Suitable situation. Another example is cerebral blood flow monitoring, which uses Xenon or argon magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) technology. However, it has problems such as complex operation, expensive equipment, and radiation risks, and is not suitable for large-scale promotion. Furthermore, there is the transcranial near-infrared spectroscopy brain oxygen monitor (NIRS), which consists of a series of specific wavelength lasers and detector electrodes distributed on the scalp to measure the relative absorption of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin at different near-infrared wavelengths. rate, used to estimate the proportion of brain tissue oxygenation status, but it can only detect superficial cerebral oxygen saturation, and is susceptible to increased skull thickness, scalp hematoma, intracerebral hematoma, patient activity and excessive environmental lighting, so the results are accurate The performance needs to be further improved. In summary, the existing monitoring indicators of cerebral oxygenation have certain limitations;

However, as the cerebral venous oxygen saturation value (SjvO ₂ ) has attracted more and more attention, the existing SjvO ₂ mainly uses a monitoring catheter containing optical fiber to be retrogradely inserted into the jugular bulb through the internal jugular vein for real-time monitoring of SjvO ₂ . Through the relationship between cerebral oxygen supply rate and cerebral oxygen metabolism rate, assuming that the parameters such as radial artery blood oxygen saturation, hemoglobin and blood flow are all stable, changes in SjvO ₂ can approximately reflect changes in the CBF/CMRO ₂ ratio, and thus reflect changes in the whole brain Oxygen supply and demand balance, but misaligned catheters may lead to inaccuracies in blood collection from extracranial vessels. It only provides overall oxygenation indicators and cannot identify local oxygen utilization or delivery disorders. It requires many technologies and troubleshooting expertise, is invasive, and easy to Cause complications such as hematoma and infection. In addition, although it is currently believed that monitoring SjvO ₂ can indirectly reflect the balance of oxygen supply and demand and oxygen metabolism of the whole brain. However, the complex operation process and susceptibility to multiple factors still severely limit its application. At the same time, therapeutic strategies aimed at maintaining the dynamic balance between cerebral oxygen supply and demand in clinical practice are more guided by specific oxygenation targets of the whole body and brain. Arterial blood gas analysis can systematically measure oxygen, such as partial pressure of oxygen (PaO ₂ ) or arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO ₂ ). These indicators reflect the overall oxygenation status of the body and are not direct signs of brain oxygen supply, resulting in eventual The cerebral oxygen consumption monitoring results are not accurate enough.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on carotid artery and vein parameters, which can accurately detect the difference in carotid artery and vein oxygen saturation, thereby improving the accuracy of cerebral oxygen consumption monitoring results. Accuracy.

The first embodiment adopted by the present invention is: including a blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module, a carotid artery and vein blood flow acquisition module, a carotid artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module, and a patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level display module, wherein:

The blood vessel image acquisition and preprocessing module is used to acquire carotid artery blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images, perform image preprocessing on the carotid artery blood vessel images, obtain the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery, and perform image preprocessing on the carotid artery blood vessel images, and perform image preprocessing on the carotid artery blood vessel images. Perform image preprocessing on venous blood vessel images to obtain the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein;

The blood flow acquisition module of the carotid artery and vein is used to obtain the blood flow of the carotid artery according to the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery, and to obtain the blood flow of the carotid artery according to the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein. Describe the blood flow of the jugular vein;

The carotid artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module is used to obtain the intensity information change of the carotid artery and the intensity information change of the jugular vein respectively through the laser wavelength to obtain the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery. , the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein, obtain the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein through the blood oxygen saturation calculation formula, and compare the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery with The oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein is subtracted and calculated to obtain the oxygen saturation difference between the carotid artery and the jugular vein;

The patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level display module is used to monitor the patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level in real time based on the oxygen saturation difference between the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery, and the blood flow of the jugular vein.

Further, the vascular image acquisition preprocessing module also includes a control module, a pulse laser module, an ultrasonic transducer module, a signal acquisition module and a data processing module, wherein:

The control module is used to send a trigger signal;

The pulse laser module is used to receive the trigger signal and send a short pulse light signal to the position of the blood vessel in the patient's neck, and obtain the photoacoustic signal at the position of the blood vessel in the patient's neck;

The ultrasonic transducer module emits scattered ultrasonic waves to the position of the blood vessels in the patient's neck, receives the ultrasonic signals at the position of the blood vessels in the patient's neck, and converts the ultrasonic signals and the photoacoustic signals into the position of the blood vessels in the patient's neck. electric signal;

The signal acquisition module is used to receive electrical signals from the position of blood vessels in the patient's neck and transmit the electrical signals to the data processing module;

The data processing module is configured to convert the electrical signal into a blood vessel image according to the electrical signal of the patient's neck blood vessel position, obtain the carotid artery waveform and jugular vein waveform of the blood vessel image, and determine the carotid artery waveform based on the carotid artery waveform. The blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery are determined according to the jugular vein waveform.

Further, the ultrasonic transducer module includes a linear array ultrasonic transducer and a phased array ultrasonic transducer. The number of channels of the ultrasonic transducer module is 64-2048. The working frequency band of the ultrasonic transducer module is is 2.5MHz-20MHz.

Further, the pulse laser module includes a multi-wavelength pulse laser, a collimator and a beam expander, wherein:

The multi-wavelength pulse laser is used to receive the trigger signal and emit laser pulses;

The collimator and beam expander are used to couple laser pulses into an optical fiber bundle to generate the short pulse light signal and irradiate it to the location of the blood vessels in the patient's neck.

Further, the wavelength range of the multi-wavelength pulse laser is 500nm-1200nm, the laser pulse width emitted by the multi-wavelength pulse laser is 10ns-100ns, and the period of the laser pulse emitted by the multi-wavelength pulse laser is less than 50 μs.

Further, the data processing module includes an image processing module and an image reconstruction module, where:

The image processing module includes an amplifier and a filter, which are used to filter and amplify the electrical signals at the position of the blood vessels in the patient's neck;

The image reconstruction module includes a back-projection reconstruction algorithm, a time-reversal reconstruction algorithm and a Fourier change reconstruction algorithm.

At the same time, the second embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for monitoring cerebral oxygen supply and demand based on carotid artery and vein parameters, which includes the following steps:

Obtain carotid artery vascular images and jugular venous vascular images;

Perform image preprocessing on the carotid artery blood vessel image to obtain the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;

Perform image preprocessing on the jugular vein blood vessel image to obtain the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein;

Obtain the blood flow of the carotid artery according to the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;

Obtain the blood flow of the jugular vein according to the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein;

Calculate the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery based on the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery;

Calculate the oxygen saturation of the jugular vein according to the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein;

Subtract the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery from the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein to obtain the oxygen saturation difference between the carotid artery and the jugular vein;

The patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level is monitored in real time based on the oxygen saturation difference between the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery, and the blood flow of the jugular vein.

Further, the step of obtaining blood vessel images of the carotid artery and jugular vein specifically includes:

The corresponding blood vessel images of the patient's carotid artery and jugular vein are collected through the photoacoustic PACT imager;

or;

Based on color Doppler imaging technology, blood vessel images corresponding to the patient's carotid artery and jugular vein are collected through a vascular B-ultrasound instrument.

Further, the blood oxygen saturation calculation formula is as follows:

In the above formula, SO ₂ represents blood oxygen saturation, H _b O ₂ represents oxyhemoglobin concentration, and H _b R represents deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration.

A third embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium. When the computer-executable program is executed by a processor, it is used to implement the cerebral oxygen therapy based on carotid artery and vein parameters according to any one of the embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention. Supply and demand monitoring methods.

The beneficial effects of the method and system of the present invention are: by collecting and processing images of the arteries and veins of the patient's neck, the present invention adopts a non-invasive monitoring method, without any traumatic impact on the patient, and according to the obtained neck artery The venous blood vessel images are used to calculate the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery and jugular vein, and then based on the neck arterial and venous oxygen saturation information, the arterial and venous oxygen saturation partial pressure difference is accurately obtained. Based on the arterial and venous oxygen saturation Degree partial pressure difference evaluates cerebral oxygen consumption in the neck monitoring area, improving the reliability of cerebral oxygen consumption assessment.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of a cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system based on carotid artery and vein parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic flow chart of the steps of the cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on carotid artery and vein parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic flow chart of data processing of the blood vessel image acquisition pre-processing module according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of data processing of the pulse laser module according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a computer equipment block diagram of a cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on carotid artery and vein parameters provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The step numbers in the following embodiments are only set for the convenience of explanation. The order between the steps is not limited in any way. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adapted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art. sexual adjustment.

It should be supplemented that, although a logical sequence is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a sequence different from that in the flowchart, the specification and claims and the above-mentioned appendix. Terms etc. in the figures are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

Explain the technical terms used in this application:

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI): is a non-invasive imaging technology that combines the optical contrast advantages of traditional optical imaging (which can increase the richness of imaging information) and the acoustic resolution advantages of traditional ultrasound imaging (which can detect images within a few centimeters). Maintaining a high resolution within the imaging depth), it is mainly composed of two parts: optical excitation and ultrasonic detection. When the short-pulse laser irradiates biological tissue, part of the photons are scattered, and part of the photons are absorbed by hemoglobin, fat, DNA/RNA in the tissue. and other chromophore molecules absorb. The photons absorbed by the chromophore are converted into thermal energy through non-radiative relaxation oscillation or collision, resulting in local expansion, initial sound pressure increase, and release in the form of ultrasonic pressure waves. After the ultrasonic wave is generated and received by the ultrasonic detector on the surface of the tissue, the light intensity absorption distribution of the imaged tissue can be obtained through image reconstruction;

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT): also known as thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) or photoacoustic tomography or photoacoustic tomography (OAT), is an imaging modality for deep tissue in photoacoustic imaging. Full-field illumination is used, that is, a large-diameter pulsed laser beam irradiates the imaging area, and imaging of deep tissues is achieved by collecting sound waves excited by deep scattered light, thus overcoming the shortcomings of shallow imaging depth caused by light scattering. In biomedicine The imaging field has great development prospects.

Acute brain injury (ABI) is a disease that seriously affects human health worldwide, mainly including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and traumatic brain injury ( TBI). ABI causes residual disabilities in many survivors and creates a huge socioeconomic burden. The imbalance between cerebral oxygen supply and demand in ABI patients can induce secondary brain injury and further worsen the neurological prognosis. Therefore, accurately assessing the degree of oxygenation in the patient's brain and monitoring the balance of oxygen supply and demand in the brain are of great significance to improving the therapeutic effect of ABI patients;

A healthy brain accounts for about 2% of the total body weight, but receives about 15 to 20% of the cardiac output (CO). The blood flow rate of brain tissue is about 700ml/min (or 50-60ml/100g/min) on each side. The internal carotid artery supplies approximately 300 to 400 ml/min of blood to the ipsilateral orbit and the front of the brain, most of which flows into the middle cerebral artery. The vertebral artery on each side supplies approximately 100ml/min of blood to the ipsilateral inner ear and the back of the brain. The blood flow of the bilateral internal carotid arteries is 3 to 4 times higher than that of the bilateral vertebral arteries. About 70% to 80% of the blood supply to the entire brain comes from the internal carotid arteries, and 20% to 30% comes from the vertebral arteries. Arterial blood transports oxygen through the capillary network. , glucose and other components to the tissues, and transports tissue metabolites and carbon dioxide, and then returns to the internal jugular vein through the veins. The area at the beginning of the jugular vein that swells into a ball is called the jugular bulb. 80 to 90% of the intracranial venous blood returns to the jugular bulb through the jugular sinus. The jugular sinus is a continuation of the sigmoid sinus, and the blood in the jugular bulb is completely Most of it originates from intracranial venous blood, and extracranial venous blood contains very little. The internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein are the most important channels for cerebral vascular supply, and their changes will directly affect cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen supply.

Cerebral oxygen supply and consumption monitoring (cerebral oxygen imbalance monitoring) is an important medical monitoring method that can evaluate indicators such as brain oxygen supply and blood flow. Currently, common cerebral oxygen imbalance monitoring technologies include carotid artery and venous blood gas oxygen saturation analysis and monitoring, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance perfusion imaging, etc. However, these technologies are complicated to operate and are not suitable for use in emergency situations and at the bedside. Difficulties in monitoring, transportation, and high costs.

Based on this, this embodiment provides a cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on carotid artery and vein parameters. In this embodiment, the carotid artery blood vessel image and the jugular vein blood vessel image are first collected through the blood vessel image acquisition and preprocessing module, and the carotid artery blood vessel image is further image preprocessed to obtain the corresponding blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity of the carotid artery, and the jugular vein blood vessel image. The image is preprocessed to obtain the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein, and then the blood flow acquisition module of the carotid artery and vein is used to obtain the blood flow of the carotid artery based on the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery. The blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the vein are used to obtain the blood flow of the jugular vein, and then the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery and the jugular vein are measured through the carotid artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module, and finally the oxygen saturation of the jugular vein is measured through the patient's brain. The oxygen consumption level display module displays the blood vessel structure information, blood oxygen saturation information from photoacoustic imaging, and the blood vessel structure information and blood flow information from ultrasound imaging. It monitors the patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level in real time based on the displayed information, thereby improving cerebral oxygen consumption. Accuracy of monitoring results.

Referring to Figure 1, this embodiment provides a cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system based on carotid artery and vein parameters, including a vascular image acquisition preprocessing module, a carotid artery and vein blood flow acquisition module, a carotid artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module and a patient Cerebral oxygen consumption level display module, in which the vascular image acquisition preprocessing module also includes a control module, a pulse laser module, an ultrasound transducer module, a signal acquisition module and a data processing module. The pulse laser module includes a multi-wavelength pulse laser and a collimator. and a beam expander. The data processing module includes an image processing module and an image reconstruction module. Further, the control module is connected to the multi-wavelength pulse laser module, the ultrasonic transducer array module and the vascular image acquisition pre-processing module respectively. The ultrasonic transducer array The module is connected to the vascular image acquisition pre-processing module, and the vascular image acquisition pre-processing module is connected to the image processing module and display module;

The blood vessel image acquisition and preprocessing module is used to acquire carotid artery blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images, perform image preprocessing on the carotid artery blood vessel images, obtain the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery, and perform image preprocessing on the jugular vein blood vessel images. Process to obtain the corresponding blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity of the jugular vein;

Specifically, the photoacoustic PACT imager is used to collect the corresponding vascular images of the patient's carotid artery and jugular vein, or based on color Doppler imaging technology, the corresponding vascular images of the patient's carotid artery and jugular vein are collected through a vascular B-ultrasound instrument, that is, photoacoustic The PACT imager and vascular B-ultrasound device are positioned at the carotid artery and jugular vein respectively to image the neck, thereby obtaining the corresponding blood vessel images at the carotid artery and jugular vein;

Further, referring to Figure 3, the vascular image acquisition preprocessing module also includes a control module, a pulse laser module, an ultrasonic transducer module, a signal acquisition module and a data processing module. The control module is used to send out a trigger signal, and the pulse laser module is used to After receiving the trigger signal and sending a short pulse light signal to the position of the blood vessel in the patient's neck to obtain the photoacoustic signal at the position of the blood vessel in the patient's neck, the ultrasonic transducer module emits scattered ultrasonic waves to the position of the blood vessel in the patient's neck and receives The ultrasonic signal at the position of the blood vessel in the patient's neck converts the ultrasonic signal and the photoacoustic signal into an electrical signal at the position of the blood vessel in the patient's neck. The signal acquisition module is used to receive the electrical signal at the position of the blood vessel in the patient's neck and transmit the electrical signal. To the data processing module, the data processing module is used to convert the electrical signal into a blood vessel image according to the electrical signal of the position of the blood vessel in the patient's neck, obtain the carotid artery waveform and jugular vein waveform of the blood vessel image, and determine the carotid artery correspondence based on the carotid artery waveform. The blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity of the jugular vein are determined according to the jugular vein waveform;

In this embodiment, the number of channels of the ultrasonic transducer array is 64-2048, the working frequency band of the transducer is 2.5MHz-20MHz, and the shape includes linear array and phased array. The ultrasonic transducer emits ultrasonic waves to biological tissues and Being scattered, echo signals are generated, and photoacoustic signals and ultrasonic echo signals are received in turn, and converted into electrical signals;

Further, referring to Figure 4, the pulse laser module includes a multi-wavelength pulse laser, a collimator and a beam expander, wherein the multi-wavelength pulse laser is used to receive the trigger signal and emit laser pulses, and the collimator and beam expander are used to convert the laser The pulse is coupled into the optical fiber bundle to generate a short pulse light signal and irradiated to the position of the blood vessel in the patient's neck;

In this embodiment, the wavelength range of the multi-wavelength pulse laser is 500nm-1200nm, and the emitted laser pulse width is within 10ns-100ns. During the blood oxygen saturation imaging process, the triggering interval of the two excitation wavelengths does not exceed 50 μs;

The data processing module includes amplifiers and filters, wherein the image processing module includes amplifiers and filters, which are used to filter and amplify the electrical signals at the position of the blood vessels in the patient's neck;

The image reconstruction algorithm module includes back-projection reconstruction algorithm, time-reversal reconstruction algorithm and Fourier change reconstruction algorithm;

Image processing includes extracting blood oxygen saturation information and blood flow information, and image post-processing includes image smoothing, brightness/contrast adjustment;

The carotid artery and vein blood flow acquisition module is used to obtain the blood flow of the carotid artery based on the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery, and to obtain the blood flow of the jugular vein based on the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein;

The carotid artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module is used to obtain the intensity information changes of the carotid artery and the intensity information of the jugular vein respectively through the laser wavelength to obtain the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery, the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery, and the oxygenation of the jugular vein. Hemoglobin concentration and jugular vein deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration, obtain the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein through the blood oxygen saturation calculation formula, and compare the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein Calculate by subtracting the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery and jugular vein to obtain the oxygen saturation difference between the carotid artery and jugular vein;

Specifically, through the different absorption of different wavelengths by biological tissues, the blood oxygen saturation calculation formula can be used to obtain the oxygen saturation information of the neck arteries and veins, and obtain the partial pressure difference between the arterial and venous oxygen saturations; at the same time, it can automatically identify the waveforms in the arteries and veins, and judge Blood flow velocity, flow rate, and arteriovenous diameter; finally, the data is collected and calculated, and machine learning and calculation are used to obtain the cerebral oxygen consumption in the neck monitoring area.

The patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level display module is used to monitor the patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level in real time based on the oxygen saturation difference between the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery, and the blood flow of the jugular vein.

Specifically, referring to the figure, the display module includes displaying the blood vessel structure information and blood oxygen saturation information of photoacoustic imaging, and the blood vessel structure information and blood flow information of ultrasound imaging.

Referring to Figure 2, the present invention also provides a cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on carotid artery and vein parameters, which includes the following steps:

S1. Obtain carotid artery blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images;

Specifically, the blood vessel images of the carotid artery and jugular vein are obtained by collecting the corresponding blood vessel images of the patient's carotid artery and jugular vein based on photoacoustic tomography technology. Specifically, the corresponding blood vessel images of the patient's carotid artery and jugular vein can be collected through the photoacoustic PACT imager. blood vessel images. Or based on color Doppler imaging technology, the corresponding blood vessel images at the patient's carotid artery and jugular vein can be collected. Specifically, the corresponding blood vessel images at the patient's carotid artery and jugular vein can be collected through a vascular B-ultrasound instrument.

S2. Perform image preprocessing on the carotid artery blood vessel image to obtain the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;

S3. Perform image preprocessing on the jugular vein blood vessel image to obtain the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein;

In this embodiment, when acquiring the carotid artery blood vessel image and the jugular vein blood vessel image, the system measurement device has determined the diameter information of the blood vessels. Through manual reading, the blood vessel diameter information of the carotid artery and jugular vein can be obtained. After collecting the blood vessel diameter information of the carotid artery and jugular vein, the measurement device overlays a color image on the blood vessel position in the target ultrasound image. The color image is used to indicate the blood flow velocity information of the blood vessel position.

S4. Obtain the blood flow of the carotid artery based on the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;

S5. Obtain the blood flow of the jugular vein according to the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein;

In this embodiment, determining the blood flow information of the blood vessel based on the blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity information includes: using the blood vessel diameter to calculate the cross-sectional area of the blood vessel; calculating the blood flow information based on the cross-sectional area and blood flow velocity information;

Optionally, the blood flow velocity information includes the average blood flow velocity within the preset detection period, correspondingly, the blood flow information includes the average blood flow within the preset detection period; and/or the blood flow velocity information includes the average blood flow velocity within the preset detection period. The maximum blood flow speed within the detection period, correspondingly, the blood flow information includes the maximum blood flow within the preset detection period.

S6. Calculate the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery according to the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery;

S7. Calculate the oxygen saturation of the jugular vein according to the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein;

Specifically, the changes in arterial and venous intensity information at different wavelengths are used to calculate the respective oxyhemoglobin concentration and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration, and the arterial and venous blood oxygen saturation information is obtained through the blood oxygen saturation calculation formula;

The blood oxygen saturation calculation formula is specifically as follows:

In the above formula, SO ₂ represents blood oxygen saturation, H _b O ₂ represents oxyhemoglobin concentration, and H _b R represents deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration.

S8. Subtract the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein to obtain the oxygen saturation difference between the carotid artery and the jugular vein;

S9. Monitor the patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level in real time based on the oxygen saturation difference between the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery, and the blood flow of the jugular vein.

Specifically, the patient's cerebral oxygen consumption level can be obtained by obtaining the cerebral oxygen metabolic rate, where the calculation expression of the cerebral oxygen metabolic rate is:

CMRO ₂ =CBF×C _Hb ×(S _a O ₂ -S _jv O ₂ )

In the above formula, CMRO ₂ represents the cerebral oxygen metabolic rate, CBF represents the blood flow of the carotid artery and vein, C _Hb represents the hemoglobin concentration, S _a O ₂ represents the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery, and S _jv O ₂ represents the oxygen saturation of the jugular vein. .

To sum up, the present invention relates to a medical monitoring technology, especially a technology for cerebral oxygen monitoring. The present invention aims to provide a brain oxygen monitoring technology that uses photoacoustic PACT imaging combined with vascular B-ultrasound to evaluate transcarotid artery and vein oxygen saturation difference. This technology can achieve quantifiable, dynamic, and visual assessment of cerebral oxygen supply-oxygen consumption levels by detecting digital information such as the difference in oxygen saturation of carotid arteries and veins, blood vessel diameter, and blood flow dynamic flow, thereby better Monitor the patient's cerebral oxygen supply-oxygen consumption status to provide accurate indicators for optimizing cerebral oxygen delivery.

The contents in the above system embodiments are applicable to this method embodiment. The specific functions implemented by this method embodiment are the same as those of the above system embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above system embodiments.

Embodiments of the present invention also disclose a computer program product or computer program. The computer program product or computer program includes computer instructions, and the computer instructions are stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The processor of the computer device can read the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device performs the method shown in FIG. 2 .

Referring to Figure 5, Figure 5 is a computer device for a cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on carotid artery and vein parameters provided by an optional embodiment of the present invention. The computer device can be the cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on carotid artery and vein parameters in the above embodiment. Equipment for supply and demand monitoring methods. As shown in Figure 5, the computer device may include: at least one processor, such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit), at least one communication interface, a memory, and at least one communication bus. Among them, the communication bus is used to realize connection and communication between these components. The communication interface can include a display screen (Display) and a keyboard (Keyboard). The optional communication interface can also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The memory can be High-speed RAM memory (RandomAccess Memory, volatile random access memory) can also be a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory. The memory can optionally be at least one located far away from the aforementioned processor. A storage device, wherein the processor can be combined with the system described in Figure 1, the application program is stored in the memory, and the processor calls the program code stored in the memory for performing any of the above method steps;

The communication bus may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus. The communication bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used in Figure 5, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus;

Among them, the memory may include volatile memory (English: volatile memory), such as random access memory (English: random-access memory, abbreviation: RAM), and the memory may also include non-volatile memory (English: non-volatile memory). ), such as flash memory (English: flash memory), hard disk (English: harddiskdrive, abbreviation: HDD) or solid-state drive (English: solid-state drive, abbreviation: SSD), the memory can also include a combination of the above types of memory;

The processor may be a central processing unit (English: central processing unit, abbreviation: CPU), a network processor (English: network processor, abbreviation: NP) or a combination of CPU and NP;

The processor may further include a hardware chip, and the hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) or other In combination, the above-mentioned PLD can be a complex programmable logic device (English: complete0programmable logic device, abbreviation: CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (English: field-programmable gate array, abbreviation: FPGA), a general array logic (English: generic array logic , abbreviation: GAL) or any combination thereof.

Optionally, the memory is also used to store program instructions, and the processor can call the program instructions to implement the cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on carotid artery and vein parameters as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2 of this application.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or some steps and systems in the methods disclosed above can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and appropriate combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, a digital signal processor, or a microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit . Such software may be distributed on computer-readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). As is known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. removable, removable and non-removable media. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, tapes, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or may Any other medium used to store the desired information and that can be accessed by a computer. Additionally, it is known to those of ordinary skill in the art that communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media .

The above is a detailed description of the preferred implementation of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can also make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the present invention. , these equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims (10)

1. Brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system based on jugular artery and vein parameter, its characterized in that includes vascular image acquisition preprocessing module, the blood flow of jugular artery and vein acquisition module, jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module and patient brain oxygen consumption level display module, wherein:

the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module is used for acquiring carotid blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images, performing image preprocessing on the carotid blood vessel images to obtain blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to carotid arteries, and performing image preprocessing on the jugular vein blood vessel images to obtain blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to jugular veins;

the jugular vein blood flow obtaining module is used for obtaining carotid artery blood flow according to the carotid artery corresponding blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity and obtaining jugular vein blood flow according to the jugular vein corresponding blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity;

the jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation difference value obtaining module is used for obtaining the intensity information change of the carotid artery and the intensity information change of the jugular vein through laser wavelength to obtain the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery, the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery, the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein respectively, obtaining the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein through a blood oxygen saturation calculation formula, and subtracting the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein to obtain the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein;

the brain oxygen consumption level display module of the patient is used for monitoring the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient in real time according to the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery and the blood flow of the jugular vein.

2. The brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system based on the arteriovenous parameters according to claim 1, wherein the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module further comprises a control module, a pulse laser module, an ultrasonic transducer module, a signal acquisition module and a data processing module, wherein:

the control module is used for sending out a trigger signal;

the pulse laser module is used for receiving the trigger signal and sending a short pulse light signal to the position of the cervical blood vessel of the patient, and acquiring a photoacoustic signal of the position of the cervical blood vessel of the patient;

the ultrasonic transducer module sends out scattered ultrasonic waves to the position of the patient's neck blood vessel, receives ultrasonic signals of the position of the patient's neck blood vessel, and converts the ultrasonic signals and the photoacoustic signals into electric signals of the position of the patient's neck blood vessel;

the signal acquisition module is used for receiving the electric signals of the cervical blood vessel position of the patient and transmitting the electric signals to the data processing module;

the data processing module is used for converting the electric signals into blood vessel images according to the electric signals of the positions of the blood vessels of the neck of the patient, acquiring carotid artery waveforms and jugular vein waveforms of the blood vessel images, determining the blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to the carotid arteries according to the carotid artery waveforms, and determining the blood vessel diameters and the blood flow velocities corresponding to the jugular veins according to the jugular vein waveforms.

3. The brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system based on the arteriovenous parameters according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic transducer module comprises a linear array ultrasonic transducer and a phased array ultrasonic transducer, the number of channels of the ultrasonic transducer module is 64-2048, and the working frequency band of the ultrasonic transducer module is 2.5MHz-20MHz.

4. The system for monitoring the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen based on the arteriovenous parameters according to claim 2, wherein the pulse laser module comprises a multi-wavelength pulse laser, a collimator and a beam expander, wherein:

the multi-wavelength pulse laser is used for receiving the trigger signal and emitting laser pulses;

the collimator and beam expander are used for coupling laser pulses into the optical fiber bundle to generate the short pulse optical signals and irradiate the short pulse optical signals to the positions of the cervical blood vessels of the patient.

5. The system for monitoring the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen based on the arteriovenous parameters according to claim 4, wherein the wavelength range of the multi-wavelength pulse laser is 500nm-1200nm, the pulse width of the laser emitted by the multi-wavelength pulse laser is 10ns-100ns, and the period of the laser pulse emitted by the multi-wavelength pulse laser is less than 50 μs.

6. The system for monitoring the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen based on the arteriovenous parameters according to claim 2, wherein the data processing module comprises an image processing module and an image reconstruction module, wherein:

the image processing module comprises an amplifier and a filter, and is used for filtering and amplifying the electric signals of the cervical blood vessel position of the patient;

the image reconstruction module is provided with a back projection reconstruction algorithm, a time reversal reconstruction algorithm or a Fourier change reconstruction algorithm.

7. The brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on the artery and vein parameters of the neck is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

acquiring carotid blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images;

performing image preprocessing on the carotid blood vessel image to obtain the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;

performing image preprocessing on the jugular vein image to obtain a blood vessel diameter and a blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein;

acquiring the blood flow of the carotid artery according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;

acquiring the blood flow of the jugular vein according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow speed corresponding to the jugular vein;

calculating the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery according to the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery and the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery;

calculating an oxygen saturation of the jugular vein from the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein;

subtracting the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery from the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein to obtain an oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein;

and monitoring the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient in real time according to the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery and the blood flow of the jugular vein.

8. The method for monitoring the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen based on the carotid artery and jugular vein parameters according to claim 7, wherein the step of acquiring the blood vessel images of the carotid artery and the jugular vein comprises the following steps:

acquiring corresponding blood vessel images at carotid artery and jugular vein of a patient through a photoacoustic PACT imager;

or alternatively;

based on the color Doppler imaging technology, corresponding blood vessel images at the carotid artery and jugular vein of the patient are acquired through a blood vessel B-ultrasonic instrument.

9. The method for monitoring cerebral oxygen supply and demand based on the carotid artery and vein parameters according to claim 7, wherein the blood oxygen saturation calculation formula is specifically shown as follows:

in the above, SO ₂ Represents blood oxygen saturation, H _b O ₁ Represents the concentration of oxyhemoglobin, H _b R represents deoxyhemoglobin concentration.

10. A storage medium having stored therein a computer executable program for implementing the method for monitoring the supply and demand of brain oxygen based on the carotid artery and vein parameters according to any one of claims 7 to 9 when executed by a processor.