CN117322876A - Cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on artery and vein parameters of neck - Google Patents
Cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on artery and vein parameters of neck Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on an artery and vein parameter of a neck, wherein the monitoring system comprises a blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module, a blood flow acquisition module of the artery and vein of the neck, a jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module and a brain oxygen consumption level display module of a patient. The evaluation method comprises the steps of respectively positioning a photoacoustic PACT imager and a blood vessel B-ultrasonic instrument at a carotid artery and a jugular vein, imaging a neck, processing imaging results to obtain blood vessel diameters and blood flow speeds of the carotid artery and the jugular vein, obtaining oxygen saturation of the carotid artery and the jugular vein, and calculating difference values of the oxygen saturation; according to the jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation difference and the jugular artery and vein blood flow, the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient is estimated, and the difference of the jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation can be accurately detected, so that the accuracy of brain oxygen consumption estimation is improved. The brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on the artery and vein parameters disclosed by the invention can be widely applied to the technical field of brain blood oxygen assessment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brain blood oxygen assessment, in particular to a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on an artery and vein parameter of a neck.
Background
Acute Brain Injury (ABI) is a disease that severely affects human health worldwide, mainly including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS), and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). ABI results in many survivors leaving disabilities and creates a significant socioeconomic burden. An imbalance in brain oxygen supply and demand in ABI patients can induce secondary brain damage, further deteriorating neurological prognosis. Therefore, accurately assessing the oxygenation level in the brain of a patient and monitoring the supply and demand balance of oxygen in the brain has important significance in improving the treatment effect of an ABI patient;
currently, monitoring of the degree of oxygenation in the brain is primarily dependent on partial brain oxygen pressure (PbtO 2 ) And cerebral blood flow, but these indices do not fully and accurately reflect oxygenation of brain tissue and cerebral oxygen supply and demand balance of a patient, such as arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO) 2 ) Percutaneous blood oxygen saturation (SpO) 2 ) Monitoring, which is obtained by puncture artery blood vessel artery blood gas analysis and noninvasive measurement by placing pulse oximeter on nail bed or forehead, represents oxyhemoglobin proportion, has simple operation, but is not specific to brain oxygen, spO 2 Under the conditions of severe hypoxia, methemoglobin and carbon monoxide poisoning, the existing brain tissue oxygen partial pressure monitoring is inaccurate, for example, the existing brain tissue oxygen partial pressure monitoring is used for directly measuring the partial brain tissue, namely the oxygen partial pressure in a 1mm area, and is a substitute index reflecting the local oxygen supply (through blood oxygen content and perfusion quantity) and oxygen consumption, but is invasive, easy to cause complications and can only measure the oxygenation condition of the local brain tissue. Also for example cerebral blood flow monitoring by Xenon or argon nuclear magnetic resonance perfusion imaging (MRP) techniques, but with operational repetitionThe problems of impurities, expensive equipment, radiation risk and the like are solved, and the method is not suitable for large-scale popularization. Furthermore, a transcranial near infrared spectrum brain oxygen monitor (NIRS) is also provided, which is composed of a series of specific wavelength lasers and detector electrodes distributed on the scalp, measures the relative absorptivity of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin under different near infrared wavelengths, is used for estimating the proportion of the oxyhemoglobin state of brain tissue, but can only detect the superficial brain oxygen saturation, is easily influenced by the increase of the thickness of the skull, the hematoma of the scalp, the hematoma in the brain, the activities of patients and excessive environmental illumination, so that the accuracy of the result needs to be further improved, and on the whole, the existing monitoring index of the oxyhemoglobin degree of the brain has certain limitation;
however, with brain venous oxygen saturation value (SjvO 2 ) Is attracting more and more attention, the existing SjvO 2 Mainly adopts a monitoring catheter containing optical fiber to be placed into the jugular vein ball through the jugular vein in a retrograde way to monitor SjvO in real time 2 . Under the assumption that parameters such as radial artery blood oxygen saturation, hemoglobin and blood flow are all stable through the relation between brain oxygen supply rate and brain oxygen metabolism rate, sjvO 2 The variational approximation may reflect CBF/CMRO 2 The ratio changes to reflect the balance of oxygen supply and demand of the whole brain, but the dislocation of the catheter may cause inaccurate blood sampling of extracranial blood vessels, and only provides general oxygenation indexes, so that local oxygen utilization or delivery disorder cannot be identified, many technical and fault removal expertise is required, the method is invasive, and is easy to cause hematoma, infection and other complications, and in addition, although SjvO is currently considered to be monitored 2 Can indirectly reflect the oxygen supply and demand balance and the oxygen metabolism condition of the whole brain. However, the complex operation process is still severely limited in application due to various factors. Meanwhile, in clinical practice, a therapeutic strategy which aims at maintaining dynamic balance between oxygen supply and demand of brain is more guided by specific oxygenation targets of the whole body and the brain. Oxygen can be systematically measured by arterial blood gas analysis, e.g. partial pressure of oxygen (PaO) 2 ) Or arterial oxygen saturation (SaO) 2 ) These indicators reflect the oxygenation status of the whole body and are not direct markers of brain oxygen supply, resulting in inaccurate final brain oxygen consumption monitoring results.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring method and a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring medium based on an artery and vein parameter of a neck, which can accurately detect the difference value of the oxygen saturation of the artery and vein of the neck, thereby improving the accuracy of a brain oxygen consumption monitoring result.
The first aspect embodiment adopted by the invention is as follows: the device comprises a blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module, a blood flow acquisition module of the carotid artery and vein, a jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module and a brain oxygen consumption level display module of a patient, wherein:
the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module is used for acquiring carotid blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images, performing image preprocessing on the carotid blood vessel images to obtain blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to carotid arteries, and performing image preprocessing on the jugular vein blood vessel images to obtain blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to jugular veins;
the jugular vein blood flow obtaining module is used for obtaining carotid artery blood flow according to the carotid artery corresponding blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity and obtaining jugular vein blood flow according to the jugular vein corresponding blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity;
the jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation difference value obtaining module is used for obtaining the intensity information change of the carotid artery and the intensity information change of the jugular vein through laser wavelength to obtain the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery, the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery, the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein respectively, obtaining the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein through a blood oxygen saturation calculation formula, and subtracting the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein to obtain the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein;
the brain oxygen consumption level display module of the patient is used for monitoring the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient in real time according to the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery and the blood flow of the jugular vein.
Further, the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module further comprises a control module, a pulse laser module, an ultrasonic transducer module, a signal acquisition module and a data processing module, wherein:
the control module is used for sending out a trigger signal;
the pulse laser module is used for receiving the trigger signal and sending a short pulse light signal to the position of the cervical blood vessel of the patient, and acquiring a photoacoustic signal of the position of the cervical blood vessel of the patient;
the ultrasonic transducer module sends out scattered ultrasonic waves to the position of the patient's neck blood vessel, receives ultrasonic signals of the position of the patient's neck blood vessel, and converts the ultrasonic signals and the photoacoustic signals into electric signals of the position of the patient's neck blood vessel;
the signal acquisition module is used for receiving the electric signals of the cervical blood vessel position of the patient and transmitting the electric signals to the data processing module;
the data processing module is used for converting the electric signals into blood vessel images according to the electric signals of the positions of the blood vessels of the neck of the patient, acquiring carotid artery waveforms and jugular vein waveforms of the blood vessel images, determining the blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to the carotid arteries according to the carotid artery waveforms, and determining the blood vessel diameters and the blood flow velocities corresponding to the jugular veins according to the jugular vein waveforms.
Further, the ultrasonic transducer module comprises a linear array ultrasonic transducer and a phased array ultrasonic transducer, the number of channels of the ultrasonic transducer module is 64-2048, and the working frequency band of the ultrasonic transducer module is 2.5MHz-20MHz.
Further, the pulse laser module comprises a multi-wavelength pulse laser, a collimator and a beam expander, wherein:
the multi-wavelength pulse laser is used for receiving the trigger signal and emitting laser pulses;
the collimator and beam expander are used for coupling laser pulses into the optical fiber bundle to generate the short pulse optical signals and irradiate the short pulse optical signals to the positions of the cervical blood vessels of the patient.
Further, the wavelength range of the multi-wavelength pulse laser is 500nm-1200nm, the laser pulse width emitted by the multi-wavelength pulse laser is 10ns-100ns, and the period of the laser pulse emitted by the multi-wavelength pulse laser is less than 50 mu s.
Further, the data processing module includes an image processing module and an image reconstruction module, wherein:
the image processing module comprises an amplifier and a filter, and is used for filtering and amplifying the electric signals of the cervical blood vessel position of the patient;
the image reconstruction module comprises a back projection reconstruction algorithm, a time reversal reconstruction algorithm and a Fourier change reconstruction algorithm.
Meanwhile, the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention also provides a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on the artery and vein parameters of the neck, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring carotid blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images;
performing image preprocessing on the carotid blood vessel image to obtain the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;
performing image preprocessing on the jugular vein image to obtain a blood vessel diameter and a blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein;
acquiring the blood flow of the carotid artery according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;
acquiring the blood flow of the jugular vein according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow speed corresponding to the jugular vein;
calculating the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery according to the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery and the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery;
calculating an oxygen saturation of the jugular vein from the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein;
subtracting the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery from the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein to obtain an oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein;
and monitoring the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient in real time according to the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery and the blood flow of the jugular vein.
Further, the step of acquiring the blood vessel images of the carotid artery and the jugular vein specifically includes:
acquiring corresponding blood vessel images at carotid artery and jugular vein of a patient through a photoacoustic PACT imager;
or alternatively;
based on the color Doppler imaging technology, corresponding blood vessel images at the carotid artery and jugular vein of the patient are acquired through a blood vessel B-ultrasonic instrument.
Further, the formula for calculating the blood oxygen saturation is specifically shown as follows:
in the above, SO 2 Represents blood oxygen saturation, H b O 2 Represents the concentration of oxyhemoglobin, H b R represents deoxyhemoglobin concentration.
An embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention provides a storage medium, where the computer executable program is executed by a processor to implement a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on an arteriovenous parameter according to any one of the embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention.
The method and the system have the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the image acquisition processing is carried out on the artery and vein blood vessel of the neck of the patient, a non-invasive monitoring mode is adopted, no traumatic influence is caused on the patient, the diameters and blood flow speeds of blood vessels corresponding to the carotid artery and the jugular vein of the patient are calculated according to the obtained neck artery and vein blood vessel image, then the partial pressure difference of the arterial and vein oxygen saturation is accurately obtained according to the neck arterial and vein oxygen saturation information, the brain oxygen consumption of the neck monitoring area is estimated according to the partial pressure difference of the arterial and vein oxygen saturation, and the reliability of the brain oxygen consumption estimation is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system based on an arteriovenous parameter of a neck in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of steps of a method for monitoring supply and demand of cerebral oxygen based on an arteriovenous parameter of a neck according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of data processing of a blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of data processing of a pulse laser module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a computer device for a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on an arteriovenous parameter of a neck according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples. The step numbers in the following embodiments are set for convenience of illustration only, and the order between the steps is not limited in any way, and the execution order of the steps in the embodiments may be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that although a logical order is illustrated in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different from that in the flowchart, and terms etc. in the specification and claims and the above-described drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or precedence.
Technical terms of the present application are explained:
photoacoustic imaging (PAI): is a non-invasive imaging technology, combines the optical contrast advantage of the traditional optical imaging (the richness of imaging information can be increased) and the acoustic resolution advantage of the traditional ultrasonic imaging (the higher resolution can be maintained within the imaging depth of a few centimeters), mainly comprises two parts of light excitation and ultrasonic detection, when a short pulse laser irradiates biological tissues, a part of photons are scattered, and a part of photons are absorbed by chromophore molecules such as hemoglobin, fat, DNA/RNA and the like in the tissues. Photons absorbed by the chromophore are converted into thermal energy by nonradiative relaxation oscillations or collisions, resulting in localized expansion, an increase in initial sound pressure, and release as ultrasonic pressure waves. After the ultrasonic wave is received by an ultrasonic detector on the surface of the tissue after being generated, the light intensity absorption distribution of the imaging tissue can be obtained through image reconstruction;
photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT): the imaging method for deep tissues in photoacoustic imaging is also called thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) or photoacoustic tomography (OAT), adopts a full-field illumination mode, namely a large-diameter pulse laser beam irradiates an imaging area, and realizes imaging of the deep tissues by collecting sound waves excited by deep scattered light, so that the defect of shallower imaging depth caused by light scattering is overcome, and the imaging method has great development prospect in the field of biomedical imaging.
Acute Brain Injury (ABI) is a disease that severely affects human health worldwide, mainly including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS), and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). ABI results in many survivors leaving disabilities and creates a significant socioeconomic burden. An imbalance in brain oxygen supply and demand in ABI patients can induce secondary brain damage, further deteriorating neurological prognosis. Therefore, accurately assessing the oxygenation level in the brain of a patient and monitoring the supply and demand balance of oxygen in the brain has important significance in improving the treatment effect of an ABI patient;
the healthy brain accounts for about 2% of the total body weight of the human body, but receives about 15-20% of Cardiac Output (CO), and the brain tissue blood flow rate is about 700ml/min (or 50-60ml/100 g/min), and each internal carotid artery has about 300-400 ml/min of blood supply to the ipsilateral orbit and the anterior part of the brain, most of which flows into the middle cerebral artery. Each vertebral artery has approximately 100ml/min of blood supply to the posterior aspect of the ipsilateral inner ear and brain. The blood flow of the internal carotid artery on two sides is 3-4 times higher than that of the internal vertebral artery on two sides, the blood supply of the whole brain is about 70% -80% from the internal carotid artery, 20% -30% from the vertebral artery, the arterial blood conveys oxygen, glucose and other components to tissues through a capillary network, and the tissue metabolites and carbon dioxide are transferred and then flow back to the internal jugular vein through veins. The enlarged ball forming area at the beginning of the jugular vein is called jugular vein ball, 80-90% of intracranial venous blood flows back to the jugular vein ball through the jugular sinus, the jugular vein is a continuation of the sigmoid sinus, most of the blood of the jugular vein ball is derived from intracranial venous blood, the content of extracranial venous blood is very small, the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein are the most important channels of cerebral vascular supply, and the change of the internal jugular vein and the internal jugular vein directly affects cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen supply condition.
Brain oxygen supply consumption monitoring (brain oxygen imbalance monitoring) is an important medical monitoring means, and can evaluate indexes such as brain oxygen supply, blood flow and the like. The existing common brain oxygen unbalance monitoring technology comprises analysis and monitoring of the blood oxygen saturation of the artery and the vein of the neck, transcranial Doppler ultrasonic examination, nuclear magnetic resonance perfusion imaging and the like, but the technology has the problems of complex operation, inapplicability to emergency, bedside monitoring, difficult transportation, high cost and the like.
Based on the above, the embodiment provides a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring method and a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring medium based on the artery and vein parameters of the neck. According to the embodiment, firstly, a carotid artery blood vessel image and a jugular vein blood vessel image are acquired through a blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module, further image preprocessing is carried out on the carotid artery blood vessel image to obtain a blood vessel diameter and a blood flow speed corresponding to a carotid artery, image preprocessing is carried out on the jugular vein blood vessel image to obtain a blood vessel diameter and a blood flow speed corresponding to a jugular vein, then, the blood flow of the carotid artery is acquired through a carotid artery blood flow acquisition module according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow speed corresponding to the carotid artery, the blood flow of the jugular vein is acquired according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow speed corresponding to the jugular vein, then, the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation of the jugular vein are measured through a jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module, finally, the blood vessel structure information, the blood oxygen saturation information and the blood flow information of ultrasonic imaging of the carotid are displayed through a brain oxygen consumption level display module of a patient, and the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient is monitored in real time according to the displayed information, and therefore, the accuracy of brain oxygen consumption monitoring results is improved.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system based on an arteriovenous parameter, which comprises a blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module, a blood flow acquisition module of arteriovenous, a blood vessel oxygen saturation difference acquisition module of the arteriovenous and a brain oxygen consumption level display module of a patient, wherein the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module further comprises a control module, a pulse laser module, an ultrasonic transducer module, a signal acquisition module and a data processing module, the pulse laser module comprises a multi-wavelength pulse laser, a collimator and a beam expander, the data processing module comprises an image processing module and an image reconstruction module, the control module is further connected with the multi-wavelength pulse laser module, the ultrasonic transducer array module and the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module respectively, and the ultrasonic transducer array module is connected with the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module which is connected with the image processing module and the display module;
the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module is used for acquiring carotid blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images, performing image preprocessing on the carotid blood vessel images to obtain blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to carotid arteries, and performing image preprocessing on the jugular vein blood vessel images to obtain blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to jugular veins;
specifically, acquiring corresponding blood vessel images of the carotid artery and the jugular vein of a patient through a photoacoustic PACT imager or acquiring corresponding blood vessel images of the carotid artery and the jugular vein of the patient through a blood vessel B-ultrasonic instrument based on a color Doppler imaging technology, namely respectively positioning the photoacoustic PACT imager and the blood vessel B-ultrasonic instrument at the carotid artery and the jugular vein and imaging the neck, thereby obtaining corresponding blood vessel images of the carotid artery and the jugular vein;
further, referring to fig. 3, the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module further includes a control module, a pulse laser module, an ultrasonic transducer module, a signal acquisition module and a data processing module, wherein the control module is used for sending a trigger signal, the pulse laser module is used for receiving the trigger signal and sending a short pulse optical signal to a patient neck blood vessel position to obtain a photoacoustic signal of the patient neck blood vessel position, the ultrasonic transducer module sends scattered ultrasonic waves to the patient neck blood vessel position, receives an ultrasonic signal of the patient neck blood vessel position, converts the ultrasonic signal and the photoacoustic signal into an electric signal of the patient neck blood vessel position, the signal acquisition module is used for receiving the electric signal of the patient neck blood vessel position and transmitting the electric signal to the data processing module, the data processing module is used for converting the electric signal into a blood vessel image according to the electric signal of the patient neck blood vessel position, acquiring a carotid waveform and a jugular vein waveform of the blood vessel image, determining a blood vessel diameter and a blood flow velocity corresponding to a carotid artery according to the carotid waveform, and determining a blood vessel diameter and a blood flow velocity corresponding to a jugular vein according to the jugular vein waveform;
in the embodiment, the number of channels of an ultrasonic transducer array is 64-2048, the working frequency band of the transducer is 2.5MHz-20MHz, the shape comprises a linear array and a phased array, wherein the ultrasonic transducer sends out ultrasonic waves to biological tissues and is scattered to generate echo signals, and the ultrasonic echo signals and the photoacoustic signals are sequentially received and converted into electric signals;
further, referring to fig. 4, the pulse laser module includes a multi-wavelength pulse laser, a collimator and a beam expander, wherein the multi-wavelength pulse laser is used for receiving the trigger signal and emitting a laser pulse, and the collimator and the beam expander are used for coupling the laser pulse into the optical fiber bundle to generate a short pulse optical signal and irradiate the short pulse optical signal to the position of the cervical blood vessel of the patient;
in the embodiment, the wavelength range of the multi-wavelength pulse laser is 500nm-1200nm, the emitted laser pulse width is within 10ns-100ns, and the triggering interval of two excitation wavelengths does not exceed 50 mu s in the blood oxygen saturation imaging process;
the data processing module comprises an amplifier and a filter, wherein the image processing module comprises the amplifier and the filter and is used for filtering and amplifying the electric signals of the cervical blood vessel position of the patient;
the image reconstruction algorithm module is provided with a back projection reconstruction algorithm, a time reversal reconstruction algorithm and a Fourier change reconstruction algorithm;
the image processing comprises the steps of extracting blood oxygen saturation information and blood flow information, and the image post-processing comprises the steps of image smoothing and brightness adjustment/contrast adjustment;
the blood flow obtaining module of the jugular vein is used for obtaining the blood flow of the carotid artery according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow speed corresponding to the carotid artery and obtaining the blood flow of the jugular vein according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow speed corresponding to the jugular vein;
the carotid artery and jugular vein oxygen saturation difference value obtaining module is used for obtaining carotid artery oxyhemoglobin concentration, carotid artery deoxyhemoglobin concentration, jugular vein oxyhemoglobin concentration and jugular vein deoxyhemoglobin concentration through laser wavelength change and obtaining carotid artery corresponding oxygen saturation and jugular vein corresponding oxygen saturation through a blood oxygen saturation calculation formula, and subtracting the carotid artery corresponding oxygen saturation from jugular vein corresponding oxygen saturation to obtain carotid artery and jugular vein oxygen saturation difference value;
specifically, the oxygen saturation information of the arteries and veins of the neck can be obtained by applying a blood oxygen saturation calculation formula through different absorption of biological tissues to different wavelengths, and the partial pressure difference of the oxygen saturation of the arteries and veins can be obtained; simultaneously, the waveform in the artery and vein is automatically identified, and the blood flow speed, the flow and the artery and vein diameter are judged; and finally, collecting data and calculating, and obtaining the brain oxygen consumption of the neck monitoring area by using machine learning and calculating.
The brain oxygen consumption level display module of the patient is used for monitoring the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient in real time according to the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery and the blood flow of the jugular vein.
Specifically, referring to the figure, the display module includes a display module that displays photoacoustic imaged blood vessel structure information, blood oxygen saturation information, and ultrasound imaged blood vessel structure information, and blood flow information.
Referring to fig. 2, the invention also provides a brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on the artery and vein parameters of the neck, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring carotid blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images;
specifically, acquiring the blood vessel images of the carotid artery and the jugular vein acquires the corresponding blood vessel images of the carotid artery and the jugular vein of the patient by a photoacoustic tomography technology, and specifically, acquires the corresponding blood vessel images of the carotid artery and the jugular vein of the patient by a photoacoustic PACT imager. Or based on the color Doppler imaging technology, the corresponding blood vessel images at the carotid artery and the jugular vein of the patient are acquired, and the corresponding blood vessel images at the carotid artery and the jugular vein of the patient can be acquired through a blood vessel B-ultrasonic instrument.
S2, performing image preprocessing on the carotid blood vessel image to obtain the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;
s3, performing image preprocessing on the jugular vein blood vessel image to obtain the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein;
in this embodiment, when the carotid blood vessel image and the jugular blood vessel image are acquired, the system measurement device determines the diameter information of the blood vessel, and the blood vessel diameter information of the carotid artery and the jugular vein can be obtained by manual reading, and after the blood vessel diameter information of the carotid artery and the jugular vein is acquired, the measurement device covers a color image on the blood vessel position in the target ultrasonic image, where the color image is used for indicating the blood flow velocity information of the blood vessel position.
S4, obtaining the blood flow of the carotid artery according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;
s5, obtaining the blood flow of the jugular vein according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow speed corresponding to the jugular vein;
in the present embodiment, determining blood flow information of a blood vessel based on blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity information includes: calculating a cross-sectional area of the vessel using the vessel diameter; calculating blood flow information based on the cross-sectional area and blood flow velocity information;
optionally, the blood flow velocity information comprises an average blood flow velocity over a preset detection period, and correspondingly, the blood flow information comprises an average blood flow over the preset detection period; and/or the blood flow velocity information comprises a maximum blood flow velocity within a preset detection period, and correspondingly, the blood flow velocity information comprises a maximum blood flow within the preset detection period.
S6, calculating the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery according to the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery and the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery;
s7, calculating the oxygen saturation of the jugular vein according to the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein;
specifically, the arterial and venous blood oxygen saturation information is obtained by calculating the respective oxyhemoglobin concentration and deoxyhemoglobin concentration by utilizing the arterial and venous blood intensity information change under different wavelengths and through a blood oxygen saturation calculation formula;
the blood oxygen saturation calculation formula is specifically shown as follows:
in the above, SO 2 Represents blood oxygen saturation, H b O 2 Represents the concentration of oxyhemoglobin, H b R represents deoxyhemoglobin concentration.
S8, subtracting the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery from the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein to obtain an oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein;
and S9, monitoring the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient in real time according to the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery and the blood flow of the jugular vein.
Specifically, the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient can be obtained by obtaining the brain oxygen metabolism rate, wherein the brain oxygen metabolism rate has a calculation expression as follows:
CMRO 2 ＝CBF×C Hb ×(S a O 2 -S jv O 2 )
in the above, CMRO 2 Represents cerebral oxygen metabolism rate, CBF represents blood flow of jugular vein, C Hb Indicating the concentration of hemoglobin, S a O 2 Represents the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery, S jv O 2 Indicating the oxygen saturation of the jugular vein.
In summary, the present invention relates to a medical monitoring technology, and in particular to a technology for monitoring brain oxygen. The invention aims to provide a brain oxygen monitoring technology for realizing the transcervical arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference evaluation by combining photoacoustic PACT imaging with blood vessel B-mode ultrasonic. The technology can realize quantifiable, dynamic and visual evaluation of the cerebral oxygen supply-oxygen consumption level by detecting the data information such as the difference value of the jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation, the blood vessel diameter, the blood flow dynamic flow and the like, thereby better monitoring the cerebral oxygen supply-oxygen consumption state of a patient and providing accurate indexes for optimizing cerebral oxygen delivery.
The content in the system embodiment is applicable to the method embodiment, the functions specifically realized by the method embodiment are the same as those of the system embodiment, and the achieved beneficial effects are the same as those of the system embodiment.
Embodiments of the present invention also disclose a computer program product or computer program comprising computer instructions stored in a computer readable storage medium. The computer instructions may be read from a computer-readable storage medium by a processor of a computer device, and executed by the processor, to cause the computer device to perform the method shown in fig. 2.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a computer device according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, where the computer device may be a device according to the method for monitoring cerebral oxygen supply and demand based on an arteriovenous parameter in the foregoing embodiment. As shown in fig. 5, the computer device may include: at least one processor, such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit ), at least one communication interface, memory, at least one communication bus. Wherein the communication bus is used to implement a connection communication between these components, wherein the communication interface may comprise a Display, a Keyboard (Keyboard), the optional communication interface may further comprise a standard wired interface, a wireless interface, the memory may be a high-speed RAM memory (RandomAccess Memory, volatile random access memory), or a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory, the memory may optionally also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor, wherein the processor may be in combination with the system described in fig. 1, store an application program in the memory, and the processor invokes the program code stored in the memory for performing any of the method steps described above;
the communication bus may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus for peripheral component interconnect, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus for elOtended industry standardarchitecture, or the like. Communication buses may be divided into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. for ease of illustration, only one thick line being shown in fig. 5, but not only one bus or one type of bus;
the memory may include volatile memory (english: volatile memory), such as random-access memory (RAM), nonvolatile memory (english: non-volatile memory), such as flash memory (english: flash memory), hard disk (HDD) or Solid State Disk (SSD), and may include a combination of the above types of memories;
wherein, the processor can be a central processing unit (English: central processing unit, abbreviated: CPU), a network processor (English: network processor, abbreviated: NP) or a combination of CPU and NP;
the processor may further include a hardware chip, which may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), or a combination thereof (programmable logic device, PLD), a complex programmable logic device (programmable logic device, CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (field-programmable gate array, FPGA), a general-purpose array logic (generic arraylogic, GAL), or any combination thereof.
Optionally, the memory is further configured to store program instructions, and the processor may invoke the program instructions to implement a method for monitoring supply and demand of brain oxygen based on an arteriovenous parameter as shown in the embodiment of fig. 2 of the present application.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps, systems, and methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as known to those skilled in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by a computer. Furthermore, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media.
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these modifications and substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. Brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system based on jugular artery and vein parameter, its characterized in that includes vascular image acquisition preprocessing module, the blood flow of jugular artery and vein acquisition module, jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation difference acquisition module and patient brain oxygen consumption level display module, wherein:
the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module is used for acquiring carotid blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images, performing image preprocessing on the carotid blood vessel images to obtain blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to carotid arteries, and performing image preprocessing on the jugular vein blood vessel images to obtain blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to jugular veins;
the jugular vein blood flow obtaining module is used for obtaining carotid artery blood flow according to the carotid artery corresponding blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity and obtaining jugular vein blood flow according to the jugular vein corresponding blood vessel diameter and blood flow velocity;
the jugular artery and vein oxygen saturation difference value obtaining module is used for obtaining the intensity information change of the carotid artery and the intensity information change of the jugular vein through laser wavelength to obtain the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery, the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery, the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein respectively, obtaining the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein through a blood oxygen saturation calculation formula, and subtracting the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery and the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein to obtain the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein;
the brain oxygen consumption level display module of the patient is used for monitoring the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient in real time according to the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery and the blood flow of the jugular vein.
2. The brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system based on the arteriovenous parameters according to claim 1, wherein the blood vessel image acquisition preprocessing module further comprises a control module, a pulse laser module, an ultrasonic transducer module, a signal acquisition module and a data processing module, wherein:
the control module is used for sending out a trigger signal;
the pulse laser module is used for receiving the trigger signal and sending a short pulse light signal to the position of the cervical blood vessel of the patient, and acquiring a photoacoustic signal of the position of the cervical blood vessel of the patient;
the ultrasonic transducer module sends out scattered ultrasonic waves to the position of the patient's neck blood vessel, receives ultrasonic signals of the position of the patient's neck blood vessel, and converts the ultrasonic signals and the photoacoustic signals into electric signals of the position of the patient's neck blood vessel;
the signal acquisition module is used for receiving the electric signals of the cervical blood vessel position of the patient and transmitting the electric signals to the data processing module;
the data processing module is used for converting the electric signals into blood vessel images according to the electric signals of the positions of the blood vessels of the neck of the patient, acquiring carotid artery waveforms and jugular vein waveforms of the blood vessel images, determining the blood vessel diameters and blood flow velocities corresponding to the carotid arteries according to the carotid artery waveforms, and determining the blood vessel diameters and the blood flow velocities corresponding to the jugular veins according to the jugular vein waveforms.
3. The brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring system based on the arteriovenous parameters according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic transducer module comprises a linear array ultrasonic transducer and a phased array ultrasonic transducer, the number of channels of the ultrasonic transducer module is 64-2048, and the working frequency band of the ultrasonic transducer module is 2.5MHz-20MHz.
4. The system for monitoring the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen based on the arteriovenous parameters according to claim 2, wherein the pulse laser module comprises a multi-wavelength pulse laser, a collimator and a beam expander, wherein:
the multi-wavelength pulse laser is used for receiving the trigger signal and emitting laser pulses;
the collimator and beam expander are used for coupling laser pulses into the optical fiber bundle to generate the short pulse optical signals and irradiate the short pulse optical signals to the positions of the cervical blood vessels of the patient.
5. The system for monitoring the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen based on the arteriovenous parameters according to claim 4, wherein the wavelength range of the multi-wavelength pulse laser is 500nm-1200nm, the pulse width of the laser emitted by the multi-wavelength pulse laser is 10ns-100ns, and the period of the laser pulse emitted by the multi-wavelength pulse laser is less than 50 μs.
6. The system for monitoring the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen based on the arteriovenous parameters according to claim 2, wherein the data processing module comprises an image processing module and an image reconstruction module, wherein:
the image processing module comprises an amplifier and a filter, and is used for filtering and amplifying the electric signals of the cervical blood vessel position of the patient;
the image reconstruction module is provided with a back projection reconstruction algorithm, a time reversal reconstruction algorithm or a Fourier change reconstruction algorithm.
7. The brain oxygen supply and demand monitoring method based on the artery and vein parameters of the neck is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring carotid blood vessel images and jugular vein blood vessel images;
performing image preprocessing on the carotid blood vessel image to obtain the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;
performing image preprocessing on the jugular vein image to obtain a blood vessel diameter and a blood flow velocity corresponding to the jugular vein;
acquiring the blood flow of the carotid artery according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow velocity corresponding to the carotid artery;
acquiring the blood flow of the jugular vein according to the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow speed corresponding to the jugular vein;
calculating the oxygen saturation of the carotid artery according to the oxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery and the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the carotid artery;
calculating an oxygen saturation of the jugular vein from the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein and the deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the jugular vein;
subtracting the oxygen saturation corresponding to the carotid artery from the oxygen saturation corresponding to the jugular vein to obtain an oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein;
and monitoring the brain oxygen consumption level of the patient in real time according to the oxygen saturation difference value of the carotid artery and the jugular vein, the blood flow of the carotid artery and the blood flow of the jugular vein.
8. The method for monitoring the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen based on the carotid artery and jugular vein parameters according to claim 7, wherein the step of acquiring the blood vessel images of the carotid artery and the jugular vein comprises the following steps:
acquiring corresponding blood vessel images at carotid artery and jugular vein of a patient through a photoacoustic PACT imager;
or alternatively;
based on the color Doppler imaging technology, corresponding blood vessel images at the carotid artery and jugular vein of the patient are acquired through a blood vessel B-ultrasonic instrument.
9. The method for monitoring cerebral oxygen supply and demand based on the carotid artery and vein parameters according to claim 7, wherein the blood oxygen saturation calculation formula is specifically shown as follows:
in the above, SO 2 Represents blood oxygen saturation, H b O 1 Represents the concentration of oxyhemoglobin, H b R represents deoxyhemoglobin concentration.
10. A storage medium having stored therein a computer executable program for implementing the method for monitoring the supply and demand of brain oxygen based on the carotid artery and vein parameters according to any one of claims 7 to 9 when executed by a processor.
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