CN115708695A - Method, device, storage medium and electronic equipment for measuring diameter of blood vessel - Google Patents
Method, device, storage medium and electronic equipment for measuring diameter of blood vessel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115708695A CN115708695A CN202211488595.0A CN202211488595A CN115708695A CN 115708695 A CN115708695 A CN 115708695A CN 202211488595 A CN202211488595 A CN 202211488595A CN 115708695 A CN115708695 A CN 115708695A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a device, a storage medium and an electronic device for measuring the diameter of a blood vessel. The method comprises the following steps: determining the measurement position of the sensor according to the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected by the ultrasonic Doppler sensor; if the sensor sends out pulse waves, dynamically adjusting the pulse scanning depth of the sensor after the measurement position is determined to detect the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected, and recording two pulse scanning depths, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence according to the detected blood flow signal; and calculating the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured according to the recorded two pulse scanning depths. The invention is different from ultrasonic imaging measurement or ultrasonic echo ranging, the blood vessel diameter of the blood vessel to be measured is measured by the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, the hardware structure of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor is not required to be changed, and the measurement is simple and easy to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of blood vessel parameter measurement technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a storage medium, and an electronic device for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel.
Background
With the continuous development of medical imaging equipment, image processing technology is widely applied to the measurement of blood vessel parameters. Among them, the blood vessel imaging apparatus mainly includes Computed Tomography (CT), magnetic resonance, single photon tomography, positron emission tomography, digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), ultrasound, and the like. The various devices have some differences in the medical images obtained due to the differences in the imaging principles, but are basically capable of determining a blood vessel image based on the medical images obtained. The diameter of the same blood vessel is different from the proximal center to the distal center, so that the blood vessel parameters are perfected by measuring the diameter of the blood vessel when necessary.
In the related art, the measurement of the blood vessel diameter generally requires a user to manually select a point on the edge of the transected blood vessel on a medical image and drag the point to form a line segment, wherein the length of the line segment is the transected blood vessel diameter. However, since the transected blood vessel displayed on the medical image is not necessarily of a standard shape, the measurement method causes a large error and results in poor measurement accuracy. Of course, algorithms exist at this stage to calculate the diameter of the blood vessel, but basically they need to be based on the imaging device to be able to perform the measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, embodiments of the present application provide a method, an apparatus, a storage medium, and an electronic device for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel to solve at least one problem in the background art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel, the method including:
determining the measurement position of the sensor according to the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected by the ultrasonic Doppler sensor;
if the sensor sends out pulse waves, dynamically adjusting the pulse scanning depth of the sensor after the measurement position is determined to detect the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected, and recording two pulse scanning depths, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence according to the detected blood flow signal;
and calculating the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured according to the recorded two pulse scanning depths.
In an optional implementation manner, with reference to the first aspect of the present application, the determining a measurement position of the ultrasonic doppler sensor according to a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured detected by the sensor includes:
if the sensor sends out continuous waves, enveloping blood flow signals detected by the sensor to obtain an enveloped waveform;
determining whether the position of the sensor is a measurement position according to whether the number of consecutive pulse periods on the envelope waveform is above a preset number.
In combination with the first aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation, the dynamically adjusting the pulse scanning depth of the sensor after determining the measurement position to detect the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured, and recording two pulse scanning depths includes:
continuously detecting a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected in a pulse mode;
judging whether the blood flow signal is detected in the first pulse period, if so, reducing the pulse scanning depth; if not, continuously judging whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last first pulse period, if so, recording the pulse scanning depth H0 and increasing the pulse scanning depth, otherwise, increasing the pulse scanning depth;
after the pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded and the pulse scanning depth is increased, judging whether a blood flow signal is detected in the second pulse period, and if not, reducing the pulse scanning depth; if so, continuously judging whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last second pulse period, if so, increasing the pulse scanning depth, otherwise, recording the pulse scanning depth H1;
wherein after decreasing or increasing the pulse scan depth, it is determined whether a new pulse period detects a blood flow signal.
In combination with the first aspect of the present application, in an optional embodiment, a ratio of the increase X to the decrease Y of the pulse scanning depth is greater than or equal to a preset multiple, where the preset multiple is greater than or equal to 3.
In combination with the first aspect of the present application, in an optional embodiment, the continuously detecting a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected includes:
setting an initial pulse scanning depth according to the blood vessel to be detected, wherein the initial pulse scanning depth is smaller than the pulse scanning depth H0;
starting from the initial pulse scan depth, different pulse scan depths are dynamically adjusted to continuously detect blood flow signals.
In an alternative embodiment, in combination with the first aspect of the present application, the measurement time for the same pulse scanning depth satisfies at least two pulse periods or preset measurement durations.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an alternative embodiment, the calculating the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured according to the recorded two pulse scanning depths includes:
solving the sine of the detection included angle theta of the sensor;
and multiplying the difference value of the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 by the sine of the detection included angle theta to obtain the diameter D of the blood vessel to be detected.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an apparatus for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel, the apparatus including:
a positioning module configured to determine a measurement position of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor according to a blood flow signal of a blood vessel to be measured detected by the sensor;
a recording module configured to dynamically adjust a pulse scanning depth of the sensor after the measurement position is determined to detect a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured and record two pulse scanning depths if the sensor emits a pulse wave, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence of the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence of the detected blood flow signal;
a calculation module configured to calculate a diameter D of the blood vessel under test from the recorded two pulse scan depths.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, enable the electronic device to perform the method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to any one of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including:
a processor;
a memory for storing computer executable instructions;
the processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to any one of the first aspect.
The method for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel comprises the following steps of firstly, detecting a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured through an ultrasonic Doppler sensor to determine the measurement position of the sensor, wherein the measurement position can enable the sensor to obtain parameter data related to the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured; then, determining the pulse scanning depth corresponding to two boundaries of the blood vessel to be detected by means of the depth scanning of the pulse wave measuring mode in the ultrasonic Doppler sensor; and finally, solving by combining the determined two pulse scanning depths with the geometric relationship between the two boundaries and the diameter of the blood vessel to be detected to obtain the diameter of the blood vessel to be detected. On the basis that the ultrasonic Doppler sensor measures the blood flow, the blood flow is detected by dynamically adjusting the scanning depth of the pulse wave, and then the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured can be calculated by obtaining two boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured, the hardware structure of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor is not required to be changed, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic Doppler sensor can be combined with the blood flow to obtain more blood flow parameters such as the blood flow, the blood flow and the like after the blood vessel diameter is obtained.
Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic doppler sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a partial detailed flowchart of a method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a geometric relationship between a blood vessel diameter and two recorded pulse scanning depths on a blood vessel to be measured according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, a detailed description is given below by way of specific examples. Wherein the figures are not necessarily to scale, and certain features may be exaggerated or minimized to more clearly show details of the features; unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those in the technical field to which this application belongs.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel, the method including:
step S100: determining the measurement position of the sensor according to the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected by the ultrasonic Doppler sensor;
step S200: if the sensor sends out pulse waves, dynamically adjusting the pulse scanning depth of the sensor after the measurement position is determined to detect the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected, and recording two pulse scanning depths, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence according to the detected blood flow signal;
step S300: and calculating the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured according to the recorded scanning depths of the two pulses.
Common ultrasonic doppler sensors (hereinafter, referred to as "sensors") are mostly used to acquire blood flow signals, and detect blood flow mainly in a continuous wave measurement mode or a pulse wave measurement mode, but cannot directly measure the diameter of a blood vessel. In the related art, the measurement of the diameter of the blood vessel is obtained through an imaging device, and when the needed parameters of the blood vessel are more and different, more measuring devices are needed, so that the measurement cost and the measurement efficiency are improved invisibly.
The method for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel comprises the steps of firstly, flatly placing a sensor on the body surface of a user, detecting a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured through the sensor, adjusting the position of the sensor according to a detection result until a stable blood flow signal can be detected, and determining the current position of the sensor to be a measurement position when the sensor can detect the stable blood flow signal, wherein the measurement position can enable the sensor to obtain parameter data related to the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured; then, determining the pulse scanning depth (pulse scanning depth H0 and pulse scanning depth H1) corresponding to two boundaries of the blood vessel to be detected by means of the depth scanning of the pulse wave measuring mode in the ultrasonic Doppler sensor; and finally, solving according to the geometric relation between the two boundaries and the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured to obtain the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured.
Obviously, in the embodiment of the present application, on the basis that the ultrasonic doppler sensor measures the blood flow, the blood flow is detected by dynamically adjusting the scanning depth of the pulse wave, so that two boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured can be obtained to calculate the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured, and the blood vessel to be measured is measured by means of the ultrasonic doppler sensor, wherein the blood vessel to be measured may be a carotid artery, a jugular vein, a radial artery, or the like, without changing the hardware structure of the ultrasonic doppler sensor, and after the ultrasonic doppler sensor obtains the diameter of the blood vessel, the blood flow can be combined to obtain more blood flow parameters, such as a volume per pulse, a blood flow, or the like.
In an alternative embodiment, step S100 comprises:
if the sensor sends out continuous waves, enveloping blood flow signals detected by the sensor to obtain an enveloped waveform;
determining whether the position of the sensor is a measurement position according to whether the number of consecutive pulse periods on the envelope waveform is above a preset number.
In this embodiment, the position of the blood vessel to be measured is located by starting the continuous wave measurement mode of the sensor, when the blood flow envelope waveform of three or more continuous pulse periods is measured, the sensor is determined to be currently able to locate the blood vessel to be measured, the current position of the sensor is regarded as the measurement position, and the measurement thereafter keeps the position of the sensor unchanged. If there are less than three consecutive pulse periods in the measured blood flow envelope waveform, then the position of the sensor continues to be adjusted.
Furthermore, in the measurement position of the sensor, the continuously measured Doppler blood flow signals can analyze the waveform period of the pulse, the waveform period is recorded to serve as a reference template for subsequently determining the blood vessel to be measured, the validity of the detected blood flow signals in the subsequent measurement process can be ensured, if the detected blood flow signals are not matched with the reference template, the current blood flow can be determined to be abnormal, and then the abnormal blood flow signals can be removed to ensure the measurement reliability.
In this embodiment, the continuous wave measurement mode is used to determine the measurement position of the sensor or to locate the position of the blood vessel to be measured, and the continuous doppler signal is transmitted from one wafer to be received by one wafer.
In another alternative embodiment, step S100 includes:
the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured is detected through the pulse wave measuring mode of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, and the measuring position of the sensor is determined.
In this embodiment, an ultrasonic doppler sensor acquires an ultrasonic signal in a pulse wave measurement mode, and after preprocessing the acquired ultrasonic signal data and performing conventional operations such as digital filtering and FFT calculation, spectral envelope calculation is performed to determine whether there is blood flow. That is to say, in the measurement process of the whole blood vessel diameter, the pulse wave can be used for measurement in the whole process, however, the pulse wave measurement has the limitation of scanning depth, and the positioning process of the position of the blood vessel to be measured is not as convenient as the continuous wave positioning.
It should be further noted that the pulsed doppler signal may be transmitted and received in time sharing with the same die.
As shown in fig. 2, the internal structure of the ultrasonic doppler sensor includes a processor, an ultrasonic transmitting circuit, an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), a data communication interface and a display module, which are respectively connected to the processor, wherein the other end of the ultrasonic transmitting circuit is further connected to an ultrasonic transmitting wafer, the other end of the ADC is sequentially connected to an ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module and an ultrasonic receiving wafer, and the other end of the ADC is further connected to the ultrasonic transmitting wafer through an ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module. Specifically, during operation, the processor is powered on, and triggers the ultrasonic transmitting circuit to transmit scanning ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic transmitting wafer so as to execute scanning. If the sensor sends out continuous waves, the ultrasonic receiving wafer works by utilizing the inverse effect of the ultrasonic transmitting wafer, when ultrasonic waves scan a target (such as a carotid artery) and act on the ultrasonic receiving wafer, the ultrasonic receiving wafer generates a corresponding piezoelectric effect or piezomagnetic effect, and then the ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module can detect the piezoelectric effect or the piezomagnetic effect of the ultrasonic receiving wafer, so that alternating potential is generated. If the sensor emits pulse waves, after the ultrasonic transmitting wafer transmits the pulse waves, ultrasonic waves scan a target and continuously act on the ultrasonic transmitting wafer, and therefore the ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module can generate alternating potential. The ADC performs analog-to-digital conversion on alternating potential of the ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module or the ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module, transmits a result after the analog-to-digital conversion to the processor, obtains an ultrasonic signal (such as a carotid artery ultrasonic map) of a target after the processing of the processor, displays the ultrasonic signal through the display module, and simultaneously transmits the ultrasonic signal to other equipment for processing through the data communication interface.
In this embodiment, the sensor enters the continuous wave measurement mode, generates continuous ultrasonic waves to identify the blood vessel to be measured, and then switches to the pulse wave measurement mode to detect the blood flow signal in the pulse mode.
In one embodiment, step S200 includes:
in a pulse mode, continuously detecting a blood flow signal of a blood vessel to be detected, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
setting an initial pulse scanning depth according to a blood vessel to be detected, wherein the initial pulse scanning depth is less than the pulse scanning depth H0;
starting from the initial pulse scan depth, different pulse scan depths are dynamically adjusted to continuously detect blood flow signals.
As shown in fig. 3, further, step S200 further includes:
step S201: judging whether the first pulse period detects a blood flow signal, if so, turning to step S202, otherwise, turning to step S203;
step S202: reducing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to the step S201;
step S203: continuing to judge whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last first pulse period, if so, turning to step S204, otherwise, turning to step S205;
step S204: recording the pulse scanning depth H0, and proceeding to step S206;
step S205: increasing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S201;
step S206: increasing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S207;
step S207: judging whether the second pulse period detects a blood flow signal, if so, turning to step S208, otherwise, turning to step S209;
step S208: continuing to judge whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last second pulse period, if so, turning to the step S206, otherwise, turning to the step S210;
step S209: reducing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S207;
step S210: the recording pulse scans the depth H1.
It should be noted that, the first pulse period and the second pulse period are both pulse periods, and the two pulse periods are substantially the same and defined as the first pulse period in the process of scanning the depth H0 by the pulse to be recorded; after the pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded, the pulse scanning depth H1 to be recorded is defined as a second pulse period.
In the embodiment of the application, when the diameter of the blood vessel is measured in the pulse wave measurement mode, the pulse scanning depth sets an initial pulse scanning depth, the initial pulse scanning depth cannot reach the blood vessel to be measured, and the blood flow can be measured only by gradually increasing the scanning depth. The initial pulse scanning depth can be set to different values according to different blood vessels, for example, the depth of carotid artery blood vessels is generally about 10mm under the skin, and the initial pulse scanning depth is set to 5mm.
The blood flow detection is carried out from the initial pulse scanning depth, the blood flow cannot be measured at the beginning, when the scanning depth is gradually increased, the detection result is changed from 'no blood flow detection' to 'blood flow detection' to determine the upper boundary of the blood vessel to be detected, the scanning depth is continuously increased, and the detection result is changed from 'blood flow detection' to 'no blood flow detection' to determine the lower boundary of the blood vessel to be detected.
Further, the increment X of the pulse scanning depth is fixed, and if the upper and lower boundaries are determined only by the increment of the scanning depth continuously, the upper and lower boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured can be preliminarily determined, but a certain precision error still exists, so that a decrement Y of the pulse scanning depth is also set, wherein the increment X is obviously greater than the decrement Y, and the precision requirement can be realized. When blood flow is detected for the first time, the actual upper boundary can be determined to be slightly smaller than the current pulse scanning depth, and then fine scanning depth adjustment is carried out, namely the pulse scanning depth is reduced; similarly, the principle of searching in the lower boundary of the blood vessel to be detected is the same, and thus detailed description is omitted. Preferably, the ratio of the increase X to the decrease Y of the pulse scanning depth is above a preset multiple, preferably, wherein the preset multiple is greater than or equal to 3.
In the embodiment, the increment X of the pulse scanning depth is set to be 1mm, and the decrement Y of the pulse scanning depth is set to be 0.2mm, when X is significantly larger than Y, the determination of the upper and lower boundaries can be more accurate, that is, the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured can be more accurately measured.
Preferably, after recording the pulse scan depth H1, the detection of the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured is stopped. If the ultrasonic Doppler sensor is used for obtaining the pulse scanning depths H0 and H1, the diameter of the blood vessel can be obtained through simple mathematical calculation, so that the continuous detection of the blood flow signal can be stopped in time under the condition that no other test items exist, and the resource waste can be effectively avoided.
In one embodiment, the measurement time for the same pulse scan depth satisfies at least two pulse periods or preset measurement durations.
In the embodiment of the present application, to avoid accidental errors of a single measurement, the measurement is performed by probing twice at the same pulse scanning depth, or in a time period longer than two pulse periods, such as 5s.
As shown in fig. 4, generally, the sensor has a detecting included angle θ during the measuring operation, and the detecting included angle θ is related to the specification of the sensor itself and is a known quantity; the detection included angle theta can also be approximately regarded as an included angle formed by the pulse scanning direction of the sensor in the pulse wave measurement mode and the blood vessel to be detected. Therefore, the specific steps of step S300 include:
step S301: solving the sine of a detection included angle theta of the sensor;
step S302: and multiplying the difference value of the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 by the sine of the detection included angle theta to obtain the diameter D of the blood vessel to be detected.
As shown in fig. 4, the pulse scanning depth H0 or the pulse scanning depth H1 is data obtained when the "blood flow is detected" and the "no blood flow is detected" are critical, the pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence of a detected blood flow signal, and the pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence of a detected blood flow signal, so that the projection of the distance between the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 on the cross section of the blood vessel to be measured is the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured, and then the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured, the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 satisfy the following mathematical formula:
D=（H1-H0）·sinθ，
in the formula, D is the diameter of the blood vessel to be detected, H0 is the pulse scanning depth from the absence to the presence of recording according to the detected blood flow signal, H1 is the pulse scanning depth from the presence to the absence of recording according to the detected blood flow signal, and θ is the detection angle of the sensor.
After the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured is measured, the area of the blood vessel to be measured is calculated according to a circular area formula, so that the blood flow parameters of the area of the blood vessel to be measured can be obtained for other users.
The method for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel is different from ultrasonic imaging measurement or ultrasonic echo ranging, the diameter of the blood vessel can be measured by using a circuit which is the same as the circuit for measuring the blood flow velocity in the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, extra hardware facilities do not need to be added, and the measuring method is simple and easy to operate.
It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of fig. 1 and 3 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not limited to being performed in the exact order illustrated and, unless explicitly stated herein, may be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in fig. 1 and 3 may include multiple steps or multiple stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of performing the steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed alternately or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the steps or stages in other steps.
Corresponding to the embodiment of the application function realization method, the application also provides a device for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel and a corresponding embodiment.
As shown in fig. 5, the present application provides a device for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel, the device including:
a positioning module 100 configured to determine a measurement position of the ultrasonic doppler sensor according to a blood flow signal of a blood vessel to be measured detected by the sensor;
a recording module 200 configured to dynamically adjust a pulse scanning depth of the sensor after determining the measurement position to detect a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured if the sensor emits a pulse wave, and record two pulse scanning depths, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence according to the detected blood flow signal;
a calculation module 300 configured to calculate the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured from the recorded two pulse scan depths.
When the device for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel is used for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel, firstly, the sensor is flatly arranged on the body surface of a user, a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured is detected through the sensor, the position of the sensor is adjusted according to a detection result until a stable blood flow signal can be detected, when the sensor can detect the stable blood flow signal, the current position of the sensor can be determined to be a measuring position, and the measuring position can enable the sensor to obtain parameter data related to the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured; then, determining the pulse scanning depth (pulse scanning depth H0 and pulse scanning depth H1) corresponding to two boundaries of the blood vessel to be detected by means of the depth scanning of the pulse wave measuring mode in the ultrasonic Doppler sensor; and finally, solving according to the geometric relation between the two boundaries and the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured to obtain the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured.
On the basis that the ultrasonic Doppler sensor measures the blood flow, the blood flow is detected through the scanning depth of the dynamically adjusted pulse wave, the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured can be calculated by two boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured, the blood vessel to be measured is measured by the aid of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor, the blood vessel to be measured can be a carotid artery, a jugular vein or a radial artery and the like, and the hardware structure of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor does not need to be changed.
In the present embodiment, the ultrasonic doppler sensor supports a continuous wave measurement mode and a pulse wave measurement mode. The determination of the measurement position of the sensor or the localization of the blood vessel to be measured uses the continuous wave measurement mode, in which a wafer emits and a wafer receives the continuous doppler signal. The dynamic adjustment of the pulse scanning depth is a process of searching the boundary of the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured, and the pulse Doppler signal can be transmitted and received by the same wafer in time division.
As shown in fig. 2, the internal structure of the ultrasonic doppler sensor includes a processor, an ultrasonic transmitting circuit, an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), a data communication interface and a display module, which are respectively connected to the processor, wherein the other end of the ultrasonic transmitting circuit is further connected to an ultrasonic transmitting wafer, the other end of the ADC is sequentially connected to an ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module and an ultrasonic receiving wafer, and the other end of the ADC is further connected to the ultrasonic transmitting wafer through an ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module. Specifically, when the ultrasonic scanning device works, the processor is powered on, and the ultrasonic transmitting circuit is triggered to transmit scanning ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic transmitting wafer to execute scanning. If the sensor sends out continuous waves, the ultrasonic receiving wafer works by utilizing the inverse effect of the ultrasonic transmitting wafer, when ultrasonic waves scan a target (such as a carotid artery) and act on the ultrasonic receiving wafer, the ultrasonic receiving wafer generates a corresponding piezoelectric effect or piezomagnetic effect, and then the ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module can detect the piezoelectric effect or the piezomagnetic effect of the ultrasonic receiving wafer, so that alternating potential is generated. If the sensor emits pulse waves, after the ultrasonic transmitting wafer transmits the pulse waves, ultrasonic waves scan a target and continuously act on the ultrasonic transmitting wafer, and therefore the ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module can generate alternating potential. The ADC performs analog-to-digital conversion on alternating potential of the ultrasonic continuous wave receiving signal module or the ultrasonic pulse wave receiving signal module, transmits a result after the analog-to-digital conversion to the processor, obtains an ultrasonic signal (such as a carotid artery ultrasonic map) of a target after the processing of the processor, displays the ultrasonic signal through the display module, and simultaneously transmits the ultrasonic signal to other equipment for processing through the data communication interface.
In this embodiment, the sensor enters the continuous wave measurement mode, generates continuous ultrasonic waves to identify a blood vessel to be measured, and then switches to the pulse wave measurement mode to detect a blood flow signal in the pulse mode.
In a continuous wave measurement mode, carrying out envelope processing on a blood flow signal detected by a sensor to obtain an envelope waveform;
and determining whether the position of the sensor is a measuring position according to whether the number of continuous pulse periods on the envelope waveform is more than a preset number.
In this embodiment, the position of the blood vessel to be measured is located by starting the continuous wave measurement mode of the sensor, when the blood flow envelope waveform of three or more continuous pulse periods is measured, the sensor is determined to be currently able to locate the blood vessel to be measured, the current position of the sensor is regarded as the measurement position, and the measurement thereafter keeps the position of the sensor unchanged. If the measured blood flow envelope waveform has less than three consecutive pulse periods, then the position of the sensor continues to be adjusted.
Furthermore, in the determination of the measurement position of the sensor, the continuously measured doppler blood flow signals can analyze the waveform period of the pulse, the waveform period is recorded to be used as a reference template for subsequently determining the blood vessel to be measured, the validity of the detected blood flow signals in the subsequent measurement process can be ensured, if the detected blood flow signals are not matched with the reference template, the current blood flow signals can be determined to be abnormal, and then the abnormal blood flow signals can be removed to ensure the measurement reliability.
In a pulse wave measurement mode, setting an initial pulse scanning depth according to a blood vessel to be measured, wherein the initial pulse scanning depth is smaller than a pulse scanning depth H0; starting from the initial pulse scan depth, different pulse scan depths are dynamically adjusted to continuously detect blood flow signals.
As shown in fig. 3, further, in the pulse wave measurement mode, the measurement process further includes:
step S201: judging whether the first pulse period detects a blood flow signal, if so, turning to step S202, otherwise, turning to step S203;
step S202: reducing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to the step S201;
step S203: continuing to judge whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last first pulse period, if so, turning to step S204, otherwise, turning to step S205;
step S204: recording the pulse scanning depth H0, and proceeding to step S206;
step S205: increasing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S201;
step S206: increasing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S207;
step S207: judging whether the second pulse period detects a blood flow signal, if so, turning to step S208, otherwise, turning to step S209;
step S208: continuing to determine whether the blood flow signal is detected in the previous second pulse cycle, if so, going to step S206, otherwise, going to step S210;
step S209: reducing the pulse scanning depth, and then turning to step S207;
step S210: the recording pulse scans depth H1.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first pulse period and the second pulse period are both pulse periods, which are substantially the same, and are defined as the first pulse period in the process of scanning the depth H0 by the pulse to be recorded; after the pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded, the pulse scanning depth H1 to be recorded is defined as a second pulse period. When the blood vessel diameter is measured in a pulse wave measuring mode, the pulse scanning depth sets an initial pulse scanning depth which cannot reach the blood vessel to be measured, and the blood flow can be measured only by gradually increasing the scanning depth. The initial pulse scanning depth can be set to different values according to different blood vessels, for example, the depth of carotid artery blood vessels is about 10mm subcutaneous, and the initial pulse scanning depth is set to 5mm.
The blood flow detection is carried out from the initial pulse scanning depth, the blood flow cannot be measured at the beginning, when the scanning depth is gradually increased, the detection result is changed from 'no blood flow detection' to 'blood flow detection' to determine the upper boundary of the blood vessel to be detected, the scanning depth is continuously increased, and the detection result is changed from 'blood flow detection' to 'no blood flow detection' to determine the lower boundary of the blood vessel to be detected.
Further, the increment X of the pulse scanning depth is fixed, and if the upper and lower boundaries are determined only continuously by the increment of the scanning depth, the upper and lower boundaries of the blood vessel to be measured can be preliminarily determined, but a certain precision error still exists, so a decrement Y of the pulse scanning depth is also set, wherein the increment X is obviously larger than the decrement Y, and the precision requirement can be realized. When the blood flow is detected for the first time, the actual upper boundary can be determined to be slightly smaller than the current pulse scanning depth, and then fine scanning depth adjustment is carried out, namely the pulse scanning depth is reduced; similarly, the principle of searching in the lower boundary of the blood vessel to be detected is the same, and thus detailed description is omitted. Preferably, the ratio of the increase X to the decrease Y of the pulse scanning depth is above a preset multiple, wherein the preset multiple is greater than or equal to 3.
In this embodiment, the increase X of the pulse scanning depth is set to 1mm, and the decrease Y of the pulse scanning depth is set to 0.2mm, so that when X is significantly greater than Y, the determination of the upper and lower boundaries can be more accurate, that is, the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured can be more accurately measured.
In one embodiment, the measurement time for the same pulse scan depth satisfies at least two pulse periods or preset measurement durations.
In the present embodiment, to avoid accidental errors of a single measurement, the measurement is performed by probing twice at the same pulse scanning depth, or during a time longer than two pulse periods, such as 5s.
As shown in fig. 4, generally, the sensor has a detecting included angle θ during the measuring operation, and the detecting included angle θ is a known quantity related to the specification of the sensor itself; the detection included angle theta can also be approximately regarded as an included angle formed by the pulse scanning direction of the sensor and the blood vessel to be detected in the pulse wave measurement mode. Therefore, the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured, the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 satisfy the following mathematical formula:
D=（H1-H0）·sinθ，
in the formula, D is the diameter of the blood vessel to be detected, H0 is the pulse scanning depth from the absence to the presence of recording according to the detected blood flow signal, H1 is the pulse scanning depth from the presence to the absence of recording according to the detected blood flow signal, and θ is the detection angle of the sensor.
As shown in fig. 4, the pulse scanning depth H0 or the pulse scanning depth H1 is data obtained when the "blood flow is detected" and the "no blood flow is detected" are critical, the pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence of the detected blood flow signal, and the pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence of the detected blood flow signal, so that the projection of the distance between the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 on the cross section of the blood vessel to be measured is the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured.
After the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured is measured, the area of the blood vessel to be measured is calculated according to a circular area formula, so that the blood flow parameters of the area of the blood vessel to be measured can be obtained for other users.
The embodiment of the application also provides a computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, enable the electronic device to perform the steps in the method of measuring a diameter of a blood vessel as in any of the embodiments described above.
Embodiments of the present application may be systems, methods, and/or computer program products. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions embodied thereon for causing a processor to implement various aspects of the present application. The computer program product may include program code for carrying out operations for embodiments of the present application in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device and partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, aspects of the present application are implemented by personalizing an electronic circuit, such as a programmable logic circuit, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), with state information of computer-readable program instructions, which can execute the computer-readable program instructions.
The computer-readable storage medium may take any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium is a tangible device that can hold and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. A readable storage medium may include, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium include: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical coding device, such as a punch card or an in-groove protruding structure with instructions stored thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer-readable storage media as used herein is not to be construed as transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission medium (e.g., optical pulses through a fiber optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through electrical wires.
The computer-readable program instructions described herein may be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to a respective computing/processing device, or to an external computer or external storage device over a network, such as the internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and/or a wireless network. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. The network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer-readable program instructions for storage in a computer-readable storage medium in the respective computing/processing device.
Various aspects of the present application are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.
These computer-readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer-readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer-readable medium storing the instructions comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The embodiment of the application further provides the electronic equipment which can be equipment such as a terminal or a server. Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 6, the electronic device 600 includes: one or more processors 601 and memory 602; the memory 602 has stored therein computer-executable instructions; a processor 601 for executing computer executable instructions to implement the steps in the method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel as in any of the embodiments described above.
Processor 601 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other form of Processing Unit having data Processing capabilities and/or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions.
The memory 602 may include one or more computer program products that may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory can include, for example, random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory (or the like). The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read Only Memory (ROM), a hard disk, flash memory, and the like. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium and executed by the processor 601 to implement the steps in the text recognition methods of the various embodiments of the present application described above and/or other desired functions.
It should be noted that, embodiments of the method for measuring a blood vessel diameter, embodiments of the apparatus for measuring a blood vessel diameter, embodiments of the computer-readable storage medium, and embodiments of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present application belong to the same concept; the technical features described in the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined without conflict.
It should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not intended to encompass all possible implementations encompassed by the claims. Various modifications and changes may also be made on the basis of the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Likewise, various features of the above embodiments may also be combined in any combination to form additional embodiments of the invention that may not be explicitly described. Therefore, the above examples only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of measuring a diameter of a blood vessel, the method comprising:
determining the measurement position of the sensor according to the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected by the ultrasonic Doppler sensor;
if the sensor sends out pulse waves, dynamically adjusting the pulse scanning depth of the sensor after the measurement position is determined to detect the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected, and recording two pulse scanning depths, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence according to the detected blood flow signal;
and calculating the diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured according to the recorded two pulse scanning depths.
2. The method for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel according to claim 1, wherein the determining the measurement position of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor according to the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured detected by the sensor comprises:
if the sensor sends out continuous waves, enveloping blood flow signals detected by the sensor to obtain an enveloped waveform;
and determining whether the position of the sensor is a measuring position according to whether the number of continuous pulse cycles on the envelope waveform is more than a preset number.
3. The method for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel according to claim 1, wherein the dynamically adjusting the pulse scanning depth of the sensor after determining the measurement position to detect the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured and recording two pulse scanning depths comprises:
continuously detecting a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be detected in a pulse mode;
judging whether the blood flow signal is detected in the first pulse period, if so, reducing the pulse scanning depth; if not, continuously judging whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last first pulse period, if so, recording the pulse scanning depth H0 and increasing the pulse scanning depth, otherwise, increasing the pulse scanning depth;
after the pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded and the pulse scanning depth is increased, judging whether a blood flow signal is detected in a second pulse period, and if not, reducing the pulse scanning depth; if so, continuously judging whether the blood flow signal is detected in the last second pulse period, if so, increasing the pulse scanning depth, otherwise, recording the pulse scanning depth H1;
wherein after decreasing or increasing the pulse scan depth, it is determined whether a new pulse period detects a blood flow signal.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of the increase X to the decrease Y of the pulse scanning depth is greater than or equal to a predetermined multiple, and the predetermined multiple is greater than or equal to 3.
5. The method for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel according to claim 3, wherein the continuously detecting the blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured comprises:
setting an initial pulse scanning depth according to the blood vessel to be detected, wherein the initial pulse scanning depth is smaller than the pulse scanning depth H0;
starting from the initial pulse scan depth, different pulse scan depths are dynamically adjusted to continuously detect blood flow signals.
6. A method for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel according to claim 3, wherein a measurement time of a same pulse scanning depth satisfies at least two pulse periods or a preset measurement duration.
7. The method for measuring the diameter of the blood vessel according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the diameter of the blood vessel to be measured according to the recorded two pulse scanning depths comprises:
solving the sine of a detection included angle theta of the sensor;
and multiplying the difference value of the pulse scanning depth H1 and the pulse scanning depth H0 by the sine of the detection included angle theta to obtain the diameter D of the blood vessel to be detected.
8. A device for measuring the diameter of a blood vessel, the device comprising:
a positioning module configured to determine a measurement position of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor according to a blood flow signal of a blood vessel to be measured detected by the sensor;
a recording module configured to dynamically adjust a pulse scanning depth of the sensor after determining the measurement position to detect a blood flow signal of the blood vessel to be measured and record two pulse scanning depths if the sensor emits a pulse wave, wherein one pulse scanning depth H0 is recorded from the absence to the presence according to the detected blood flow signal, and the other pulse scanning depth H1 is recorded from the presence to the absence according to the detected blood flow signal;
a calculation module configured to calculate a diameter D of the blood vessel to be measured from the recorded two pulse scan depths.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon instructions, which, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, enable the electronic device to perform the method of measuring a diameter of a blood vessel of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:
a processor;
a memory for storing computer executable instructions;
the processor for executing the computer-executable instructions to implement the method of measuring a diameter of a blood vessel of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117137524A (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2023-12-01 | 苏州晟智医疗科技有限公司 | Blood flow parameter monitoring device, apparatus and storage medium |
| CN117322876A (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-01-02 | 广东省人民医院 | Cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on artery and vein parameters of neck |
| CN117808804A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-02 | 中国医学科学院北京协和医院 | Automatic measuring method for radial artery anterior wall depth in ultrasonic image and storage medium |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117137524A (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2023-12-01 | 苏州晟智医疗科技有限公司 | Blood flow parameter monitoring device, apparatus and storage medium |
| CN117322876A (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-01-02 | 广东省人民医院 | Cerebral oxygen supply and demand monitoring system, method and medium based on artery and vein parameters of neck |
| CN117137524B (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-01-05 | 苏州晟智医疗科技有限公司 | Blood flow parameter monitoring device, apparatus and storage medium |
| CN117808804A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-02 | 中国医学科学院北京协和医院 | Automatic measuring method for radial artery anterior wall depth in ultrasonic image and storage medium |
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