CN117308878A - Road gradient measuring instrument and measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a road gradient measuring instrument and a measuring method, wherein the measuring instrument comprises a base, a leveling assembly, a level gauge and an angle measuring assembly, wherein the leveling assembly is movably connected with the base and is used for adjusting the levelness of the base; the level gauge is arranged on the base and used for detecting whether the base is level or not; the angle measuring assembly comprises an angle dial and a free sagging pointer, wherein the angle dial is fixedly arranged at the top of the base, and the free sagging pointer is rotatably arranged at the circle center of the angle dial. When the measuring instrument provided by the invention is used for measuring the road gradient, the road gradient angle can be measured through two times of operations of leveling the base, and then the gradient is calculated by using the tangent function, so that the measuring instrument is simple to operate, quick and efficient, and meanwhile, the accumulated error caused by multiple length measurement can be avoided, and the measuring result is more accurate.

Description

Road slope measuring instrument and measuring method

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of road construction, and in particular to a road slope measuring instrument and a measuring method.

Background technique

my country's highway construction has developed rapidly, and detection technology has become diversified. The slope of the road includes longitudinal slopes, cross slopes, etc. The size of the longitudinal slope directly affects the driving performance and drainage of the car. The cross slope plays a key role in road drainage. The slope of the road The size is an important technical indicator for completion acceptance. Therefore, improving the efficient, fast and accurate measurement of road slope detection is an issue that my country's highway industry attaches great importance to. The current method of detecting the cross slope of the road crown is mainly to use a level to measure the height difference between the center line and the side line of the road, and then use a ruler to measure the distance between the two height differences to measure the cross slope of the road crown; the measurement of the longitudinal slope of the road is mainly to measure the slope pile The ratio of the elevation difference to the horizontal distance between numbers is used as the longitudinal slope of the road.

Using the above method to measure road slope results in many length readings, large cumulative errors, cumbersome measurement work, and low measurement efficiency, making it difficult to meet the fast, efficient, and convenient needs in the field of highway engineering measurement.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a road slope measuring instrument and a measuring method to solve the problems in the above background.

The first object of the present invention is to provide a road slope measuring instrument, which includes: a base, a leveling component, a level and an angle measuring component. The leveling component is movably connected to the base to adjust the level of the base. degree; the level is provided on the base to detect whether the base is level; the angle measuring component includes an angle dial and a free sagging pointer, the angle dial is fixed on the top of the base, and the A free-sag pointer is rotatably located at the center of the angle dial.

In some feasible embodiments, the leveling assembly includes a driving member, a driven member and a pad. The driving member is rotationally connected to the base; the driven member penetrates the base and is driven by the driving member. and moves along the height direction of the base; the pad is provided at the bottom of the follower.

In some feasible embodiments, the base is provided with interconnected vertical through holes and horizontal through holes, the driven member is a screw that penetrates the vertical through hole, and the driving member is a rotating A knurled nut is provided in the horizontal through hole, and the screw rod is threadedly driven by the knurled nut.

In some feasible embodiments, the base is provided with interconnected vertical through holes and installation cavities, the driven member is a rack extending through the vertical through holes, and the driving member is a rotating device. In the gear in the installation cavity, the rotating shaft of the gear extends out of the base, and the rack meshes with the gear for transmission.

In some feasible embodiments, a rotating handle is provided at the end of the rotating shaft extending out of the base.

In some feasible embodiments, the leveling components are provided in at least three groups.

In some feasible embodiments, the measuring instrument further includes a height measuring ruler, which is provided on the top of the driven member and can move with the transmission member relative to the base.

In some feasible embodiments, the cross-sectional size of the follower is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional size of the height measuring ruler.

In some feasible embodiments, the level is a bubble level.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a road slope measurement method, which uses the road slope measuring instrument as described above. The measurement method includes the steps:

(1) Leveling: Place the measuring instrument on a flat horizontal surface, adjust the leveling component, and observe the level until it shows that the base is in a horizontal state;

(2) Measure the slope angle: Place the measuring instrument on the road surface to be measured so that the angle scale is parallel to the direction of the slope angle to be measured; read and record the angle scale corresponding to the free sagging pointer to obtain the slope angle. horn;

(3) Calculate slope: Calculate the tangent function value of the slope angle in step (2) to obtain the slope. In some feasible embodiments, the measurement method further includes step (4). The step (4) is to review the slope: adjust the leveling assembly to the level of the base, observe and record the corresponding relationship between the base and the base before and after adjustment. Calculate the scale on the height measuring ruler, compare the two height scales to obtain the height difference, and use the tangent function value of the slope angle = height difference/distance between the two pads to review the slope.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: when using the measuring instrument to measure the road slope, the road slope angle can be measured through two operations of leveling the base, and then the tangent function is used to calculate the slope. The operation is simple, fast and efficient, and at the same time It can also avoid the cumulative errors caused by multiple length measurements, making the measurement results more accurate. In addition, the base can be leveled for the third time, and the height difference between adjacent pads can be used to adjust the above-mentioned results. The slope angle and slope are reviewed to further improve the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a front view and a front cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of measuring slope angle using an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a top view of the structure at position A in Figure 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of measuring the height difference using an embodiment of the present invention.

In the picture:

1. Base; 1-1, vertical through hole; 1-2, horizontal through hole; 1-3, installation cavity;

2. Leveling component; 2-1. First leveling component; 2-2. Second leveling component; 2-3. Third leveling component; 2-4. Knurled nut; 2-5. Screw; 2-6, gear; 2-7, rack; 2-8, rotating shaft; 2-9, rotating handle;

3. Level;

4. Angle measuring component; 4-1. Angle dial; 4-2. Free drooping pointer;

5. Installation plate;

6. Height measuring ruler.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "top", "bottom", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying it. The description does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore is not to be construed as a limitation of the invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection. Ground connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal connection between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific situations.

Referring to Figures 1-3 and 4, a road slope measuring instrument includes: a base 1, a leveling component 2, a level 3 and an angle measuring component 4. The leveling component 2 is movably connected to the base 1 to adjust the base 1 the levelness; the level 3 is set on the base 1 to detect whether the base 1 is level; the angle measuring component 4 includes an angle dial 4-1 and a free sagging pointer 4-2, and the angle dial 4-1 is fixed on the base 1 At the top, the free-sag pointer 4-2 is rotatably located at the center of the angle dial 4-1. When measuring the road slope, first place the measuring instrument on a flat, level ground, adjust the leveling assembly 2 and observe the level 3 so that the base 1 is in a horizontal state; then place the measuring instrument on the constructed road surface to measure Taking the road cross slope as an example, place the angle dial 4-1 parallel to the direction of the road cross slope, read and record the angle scale corresponding to the free sagging pointer 4-2 at this time, and the resulting angle is the road cross slope angle. , calculate the value of its tangent function to obtain the road cross slope slope.

When measuring with the above device, the road slope angle is first measured, and then the tangent function is used to calculate the slope. The operation is simple, fast and efficient. It can also avoid cumulative errors caused by multiple length measurements, making the measurement results more accurate.

The above-mentioned base 1 is configured in a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a flat top surface, and a level 3 is disposed on the top thereof for easy observation. The top of the base 1 is provided with a vertical mounting plate 5 with a flat bottom surface, and an angle dial 4-1 is located on the surface of the mounting plate 5.

In this embodiment, the angle dial 4-1 is configured in a semicircle, with the straight surface facing upward and the curved surface facing downward. The straight surface is parallel to the top surface of the base 1. The surface of the angle dial 4-1 is configured with a two-way angle of 0 to 90°. scale, when the top surface of the base 1 is horizontal, the tip of the free-falling pointer 4-2 is aligned with the 0° scale line.

In this embodiment, the leveling component 2 is configured as a first leveling component 2-1, a second leveling component 2-2 and a third leveling component 2-3. The first leveling component 2-1 and the second leveling component The flat components 2-2 are distributed collinearly along the length direction of the base 1, and the connection line between the two is parallel to the surface of the mounting plate 5; the third leveling component 2-3 is provided between the first leveling component 2-1 and the second leveling component 2-1. The leveling component 2-2 is outside the connection line and is located on the vertical bisector of the connection line. Before measurement, the above three sets of leveling components 2 work together to adjust the base 1 to a horizontal state; during the measurement process, the third leveling components 2-3 are used to eliminate the influence of slope angles in non-measurement directions on the measurement results. Taking the above-mentioned process of measuring the cross slope of the road as an example, refer to Figure 4-5. Place the angle dial 4-1 parallel to the direction of the cross slope of the road. Before reading, adjust the third leveling component 2-3 so that The base 1 is in a horizontal state along the direction perpendicular to the cross slope of the road to eliminate the influence of the slope angle in the non-measurement direction on the rotation resistance of the free sagging pointer 4-2 and make the measurement results more accurate.

The above three sets of leveling assemblies 2 all include a driving part, a driven part and a pad. The driving part is rotationally connected to the base 1. The driven part penetrates the base 1 and is driven by the driving part to move along the height direction of the base 1 to change the height of the base 1. The distance between the base 1 and the road surface; the pad is located at the bottom of the follower, and its function is to make the measuring instrument stable.

Referring to Figure 2, in some feasible embodiments, the driving member and the driven member may use thread-driven knurled nuts 2-4 and screw rods 2-5. During implementation, interconnected vertical through holes 1-1 and horizontal through holes 1-2 are opened on the base 1, the screw rod 2-5 is inserted through the vertical through holes 1-1, and the knurled nut 2-4 can be Rotatingly located in the horizontal through hole 1-2, the knurled nut 2-4 is coaxially mounted on the outside of the screw 2-5; during adjustment, the relationship between the screw 2-5 and the base 1 can be changed by rotating the knurled nut 2-4. The overlapping part is to change the distance between the base 1 and the road surface.

Referring to Figure 3, in other possible embodiments, the driving member and the driven member may use meshing transmission gears 2-6 and racks 2-7. During implementation, an interconnected vertical through hole 1-1 and an installation cavity 1-3 are opened on the base 1, the rack 2-7 is inserted through the vertical through hole 1-1, and the installation cavity 1-3 is located vertically. On the side of the through hole 1-1, the gear 2-6 is rotatably located in the installation cavity 1-3 and meshes with the rack 2-7. The rotating shaft 2-8 of the gear 2-6 extends out of the base 1 to facilitate rotation. Operation; when adjusting, rotate the rotating shaft 2-8 of the gear 2-6 to change the overlap between the rack 2-7 and the base 1, that is, change the distance between the base 1 and the road surface.

To facilitate adjustment, in this embodiment, a rotating handle 2-9 is provided at the end of the rotating shaft 2-8 extending out of the base 1.

In order to further improve the accuracy of the measurement results, the measuring instrument is also equipped with a height measuring ruler 6. The height measuring ruler 6 is located on the top of the follower and can move in the vertical through hole 1-1 along with the follower. Referring to Figure 6, after the slope angle measurement is completed, the above-mentioned first leveling component 2-1 or the second leveling component 2-2 can be adjusted (whichever is closer to the bottom of the slope is adjusted) so that the base 1 is in a horizontal state. Observe and record the height scale corresponding to the base 1 before and after leveling. Difference the two height scales to get the height difference of the slope between the two pads. Use the tangent function value of the slope angle = height difference / between the two pads. distance between the two, and review the slope measurements.

The above-mentioned method of measuring the slope angle first, calculating the slope, and then measuring the height difference and reviewing the data is more accurate. However, the slope can also be estimated first, and then the angle measuring component 4 or the height measuring ruler 6 can be used separately for measurement, for example: When the slope is below 10°, use the height measuring ruler 6 to measure. When the slope is above 10°, use the angle measuring component 4 to measure. The operation process is simpler, and the accuracy of the results can be controlled within the allowable error range.

In order to make the adjustment of the device smooth, the vertical through hole 1 - 1 should be adapted to the cross-sectional size of the follower, and the cross-sectional size of the follower should be greater than or equal to the cross-sectional size of the height measuring ruler 6 .

In this embodiment, the bubble level 3 can be used as the level 3 on the top of the base 1, which is low in cost and easy to observe.

When using the measuring instrument to measure the road slope, the road slope angle can be measured by leveling the base 1 twice, and then the tangent function is used to calculate the slope. The operation is simple, fast and efficient, and can also avoid multiple length measurements. The cumulative error caused by this will make the measurement results more accurate; in addition, the third operation of leveling the base 1 can also be performed, and the slope angle and slope obtained above can be reviewed through the height difference between the slope surfaces between adjacent pads. , further improving the accuracy and reliability of measurement results.

The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the present invention. protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A road grade gauge, comprising: the leveling assembly is movably connected with the base and used for adjusting the levelness of the base; the level gauge is arranged on the base and used for detecting whether the base is level or not; the angle measuring assembly comprises an angle dial and a free sagging pointer, wherein the angle dial is fixedly arranged at the top of the base, and the free sagging pointer is rotatably arranged at the circle center of the angle dial.

2. The road grade gauge of claim 1, wherein the leveling assembly includes a driving member, a driven member, and a pad, the driving member being rotatably coupled to the base; the driven piece penetrates through the base and is driven by the driving piece to move along the height direction of the base; the cushion block is arranged at the bottom of the driven piece.

3. The road slope measuring instrument according to claim 2, wherein the base is provided with a vertical through hole and a horizontal through hole which are communicated with each other, the driven member is a screw rod penetrating through the vertical through hole, the driving member is a knurled nut rotating in the horizontal through hole, and the screw rod is in threaded transmission with the knurled nut.

4. The road gradient measuring instrument according to claim 2, wherein the base is provided with a vertical through hole and a mounting cavity which are communicated with each other, the driven member is a rack penetrating through the vertical through hole, the driving member is a gear rotatably arranged in the mounting cavity, a rotating shaft of the gear extends out of the base, and the rack is meshed with the gear for transmission.

5. The road grade gauge of claim 4, wherein the end of the shaft extending beyond the base is provided with a swivel handle.

6. A road slope measuring instrument according to any of claims 2-5, wherein the levelling assembly is provided in at least three groups.

7. The road grade gauge of claim 6, further comprising a height gauge disposed on top of the follower, movable with the transmission relative to the base; the follower has a cross-sectional dimension greater than or equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the height measurement scale.

8. A road slope measuring instrument according to any of claims 1-5, 7, wherein the level is a bubble level.

9. A road slope measuring method, characterized in that a road slope measuring instrument according to any of claims 1-9 is used, said measuring method comprising the steps of:

(1) Leveling: placing the measuring instrument on a flat horizontal plane, adjusting the leveling assembly, and observing the level until the level shows that the base is in a horizontal state;

(2) Slope angle measurement: placing the measuring instrument on a road surface to be measured, and enabling the angle dial to be parallel to the direction of the slope angle to be measured; reading and recording an angle scale corresponding to the free sagging pointer to obtain a slope angle;

(3) Calculating the gradient: and (3) calculating the tangent function value of the slope angle in the step (2) to obtain the slope.

10. The road grade measurement method of claim 9, further comprising step (4), wherein step (4) is a rechecking grade: and adjusting the leveling assembly to the level of the base, observing and recording scales on the height measuring scales corresponding to the base before and after adjustment, taking the difference between the two height scales to obtain a height difference, and checking the gradient by using the tangent function value of the slope angle = the height difference/the distance between the two cushion blocks.