CN117308878A - Road gradient measuring instrument and measuring method - Google Patents
Road gradient measuring instrument and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117308878A CN117308878A CN202311155129.5A CN202311155129A CN117308878A CN 117308878 A CN117308878 A CN 117308878A CN 202311155129 A CN202311155129 A CN 202311155129A CN 117308878 A CN117308878 A CN 117308878A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
- G01C9/02—Details
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a road gradient measuring instrument and a measuring method, wherein the measuring instrument comprises a base, a leveling assembly, a level gauge and an angle measuring assembly, wherein the leveling assembly is movably connected with the base and is used for adjusting the levelness of the base; the level gauge is arranged on the base and used for detecting whether the base is level or not; the angle measuring assembly comprises an angle dial and a free sagging pointer, wherein the angle dial is fixedly arranged at the top of the base, and the free sagging pointer is rotatably arranged at the circle center of the angle dial. When the measuring instrument provided by the invention is used for measuring the road gradient, the road gradient angle can be measured through two times of operations of leveling the base, and then the gradient is calculated by using the tangent function, so that the measuring instrument is simple to operate, quick and efficient, and meanwhile, the accumulated error caused by multiple length measurement can be avoided, and the measuring result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road construction, in particular to a road gradient measuring instrument and a road gradient measuring method.
Background
The road construction of China is rapidly developed, the detection technology becomes diversified, the gradient of the road comprises longitudinal slopes, transverse slopes and the like, the size of the longitudinal slopes directly influences the running performance and drainage of an automobile, the transverse slopes play a key role in road drainage, and the size of the road gradient serves as an important technical index for completion acceptance, so that the high-efficiency, rapid and accurate measurement of the road gradient detection is improved, and the method is a very important problem in the road industry of China. The current method for detecting the transverse slope of the road arch mainly comprises the steps of measuring the height difference between the central line and the side line of the road by using a level gauge, and then measuring the distance between the two height differences by using a ruler to measure the transverse slope of the road arch; the measurement of the road longitudinal slope mainly comprises the step of measuring the ratio of the elevation difference between gradient pile numbers to the horizontal distance as the road longitudinal slope.
The road gradient measurement is carried out by adopting the method, the length reading is more, the accumulated error is larger, the measurement work is complicated, the measurement efficiency is low, and the requirements of the highway engineering measurement field on rapidness, high efficiency and convenience are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a road gradient measuring instrument and a measuring method, which are used for solving the problems in the background.
A first object of the present invention is to provide a road slope measuring instrument, comprising: the leveling assembly is movably connected with the base and used for adjusting the levelness of the base; the level gauge is arranged on the base and used for detecting whether the base is level or not; the angle measuring assembly comprises an angle dial and a free sagging pointer, wherein the angle dial is fixedly arranged at the top of the base, and the free sagging pointer is rotatably arranged at the circle center of the angle dial.
In some possible embodiments, the leveling assembly includes a driving member, a driven member, and a pad, where the driving member is rotationally connected to the base; the driven piece penetrates through the base and is driven by the driving piece to move along the height direction of the base; the cushion block is arranged at the bottom of the driven piece.
In some possible embodiments, the base is provided with a vertical through hole and a horizontal through hole which are mutually communicated, the driven member is a screw rod penetrating through the vertical through hole, the driving member is a knurled nut rotating in the horizontal through hole, and the screw rod is in threaded transmission with the knurled nut.
In some possible embodiments, the base is provided with a vertical through hole and a mounting cavity which are mutually communicated, the driven part is a rack penetrating through the vertical through hole, the driving part is a gear rotationally arranged in the mounting cavity, a rotating shaft of the gear extends out of the base, and the rack is meshed with the gear for transmission.
In some possible embodiments, a rotating handle is arranged at the end of the rotating shaft extending out of the base.
In some possible embodiments, the leveling assembly is provided with at least three sets.
In some possible embodiments, the measuring instrument further comprises a height measuring scale, wherein the height measuring scale is arranged on the top of the driven member and can move along with the transmission member relative to the base.
In some possible embodiments, the follower has a cross-sectional dimension that is greater than or equal to a cross-sectional dimension of the height measurement scale.
In some possible embodiments, the level is a bubble level.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a road slope measuring method employing the road slope measuring instrument as described above, the measuring method comprising the steps of:
(1) Leveling: placing the measuring instrument on a flat horizontal plane, adjusting the leveling assembly, and observing the level until the level shows that the base is in a horizontal state;
(2) Slope angle measurement: placing the measuring instrument on a road surface to be measured, and enabling the angle dial to be parallel to the direction of the slope angle to be measured; reading and recording an angle scale corresponding to the free sagging pointer to obtain a slope angle;
(3) Calculating the gradient: and (3) calculating the tangent function value of the slope angle in the step (2) to obtain the slope. In some possible embodiments, the measurement method further includes step (4), where the step (4) is to check the gradient: and adjusting the leveling assembly to the level of the base, observing and recording scales on the height measuring scales corresponding to the base before and after adjustment, taking the difference between the two height scales to obtain a height difference, and checking the gradient by using the tangent function value of the slope angle = the height difference/the distance between the two cushion blocks.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the measuring instrument is adopted to measure the road slope, the road slope angle can be measured through two times of operation of the leveling base, then the slope is calculated by using the tangent function, the operation is simple, quick and efficient, and meanwhile, the accumulated errors caused by multiple length measurement can be avoided, so that the measurement result is more accurate; in addition, the operation of leveling the base for the third time can be performed, and the obtained slope angle and the obtained slope gradient are checked through the height difference of the slope surfaces between the adjacent cushion blocks, so that the accuracy and the reliability of the measurement result are further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a front view and a front sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention in sequence;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of measuring a slope angle using an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the structure A of FIG. 4 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of measuring height differences using an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a base; 1-1, vertical through holes; 1-2, horizontal through holes; 1-3, installing a cavity;
2. a leveling assembly; 2-1, a first leveling assembly; 2-2, a second leveling assembly; 2-3, a third leveling assembly; 2-4, knurled nuts; 2-5, a screw rod; 2-6, gears; 2-7, a rack; 2-8, a rotating shaft; 2-9, rotating the handle;
3. a level gauge;
4. an angle measuring assembly; 4-1, an angle dial; 4-2, a free sagging pointer;
5. a mounting plate;
6. a height measuring ruler.
Detailed Description
The following describes the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention in detail through the attached drawings.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "top", "bottom", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
Referring to fig. 1-3, 4, a road grade gauge, comprising: the leveling device comprises a base 1, a leveling assembly 2, a level meter 3 and an angle measuring assembly 4, wherein the leveling assembly 2 is movably connected with the base 1 and is used for adjusting the levelness of the base 1; the level meter 3 is arranged on the base 1 and is used for detecting whether the base 1 is level; the angle measuring assembly 4 comprises an angle dial 4-1 and a free sagging pointer 4-2, wherein the angle dial 4-1 is fixedly arranged at the top of the base 1, and the free sagging pointer 4-2 is rotatably arranged at the center of the angle dial 4-1. When road gradient measurement is carried out, firstly, the measuring instrument is placed on a flat and horizontal ground, the leveling assembly 2 is adjusted, and the level gauge 3 is observed, so that the base 1 is in a horizontal state; and then placing the measuring instrument on the constructed road surface, taking the measurement of the road cross slope as an example, placing the angle dial 4-1 at the position parallel to the direction of the road cross slope, reading and recording the angle scale corresponding to the free sagging pointer 4-2 at the moment, obtaining the angle which is the road cross slope angle, and calculating the tangent function value of the angle which is the road cross slope gradient.
When the device is used for measuring, the road slope angle is measured firstly, then the slope is calculated by using the tangent function, the operation is simple, the speed and the efficiency are high, and meanwhile, the accumulated errors caused by the measurement of a plurality of lengths can be avoided, so that the measurement result is more accurate.
The base 1 is configured in a rectangular parallelepiped shape having a flat top surface, and the level 3 is provided on top thereof for easy observation. The top of the base 1 is provided with a vertical mounting plate 5 with a flat bottom surface, and the angle dial 4-1 is arranged on the plate surface of the mounting plate 5.
In this embodiment, the angle dial 4-1 is configured as a semicircle, the straight surface of which faces upward and the curved surface of which faces downward, the straight surface is parallel to the top surface of the base 1, the surface of the angle dial 4-1 is configured with bidirectional 0-90 ° angle scales, and when the top surface of the base 1 is horizontal, the tip of the free-sagging pointer 4-2 is aligned with the 0 ° scale line.
In this embodiment, the leveling assembly 2 is configured as a first leveling assembly 2-1, a second leveling assembly 2-2 and a third leveling assembly 2-3, the first leveling assembly 2-1 and the second leveling assembly 2-2 are collinearly distributed along the length direction of the base 1, and the connecting line of the first leveling assembly 2-1 and the second leveling assembly 2-2 is parallel to the board surface of the mounting board 5; the third leveling component 2-3 is arranged outside the connecting line of the first leveling component 2-1 and the second leveling component 2-2 and is positioned on the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line. Before measurement, the three leveling assemblies 2 cooperate to adjust the base 1 to a horizontal state; in the measuring process, the third leveling component 2-3 is used for eliminating the influence of the slope angle in the non-measuring direction on the measuring result, taking the process of measuring the road cross slope as an example, referring to fig. 4-5, before the angle dial 4-1 is placed at the position parallel to the road cross slope direction, the third leveling component 2-3 is adjusted before reading, so that the base 1 is in a horizontal state along the direction perpendicular to the road cross slope, and the influence of the slope angle in the non-measuring direction on the rotation resistance of the free sagging pointer 4-2 is eliminated, so that the measuring result is more accurate.
The three groups of leveling assemblies 2 comprise driving pieces, driven pieces and cushion blocks, wherein the driving pieces are rotationally connected with the base 1, the driven pieces penetrate through the base 1 and are driven by the driving pieces to move along the height direction of the base 1 so as to change the distance between the base 1 and a road surface; the cushion block is arranged at the bottom of the driven piece and has the function of enabling the measuring instrument to be placed stably.
Referring to fig. 2, in some possible embodiments, the driving member and the driven member may be threaded knurled nuts 2-4 and screws 2-5. When the screw rod is implemented, a vertical through hole 1-1 and a horizontal through hole 1-2 which are communicated with each other are formed in a base 1, a screw rod 2-5 is penetrated into the vertical through hole 1-1, a knurled nut 2-4 is rotatably arranged in the horizontal through hole 1-2, and the knurled nut 2-4 is coaxially sleeved outside the screw rod 2-5; during adjustment, the overlapping part of the screw rod 2-5 and the base 1 can be changed by rotating the knurled nut 2-4, namely the distance between the base 1 and the road surface is changed.
Referring to fig. 3, in other possible embodiments, the driving member and the driven member may alternatively be gears 2-6 and racks 2-7 that mesh with the transmission. In implementation, a vertical through hole 1-1 and a mounting cavity 1-3 which are communicated with each other are formed in a base 1, a rack 2-7 is arranged in the vertical through hole 1-1 in a penetrating manner, the mounting cavity 1-3 is positioned on the side surface of the vertical through hole 1-1, a gear 2-6 is rotatably arranged in the mounting cavity 1-3 and meshed with the rack 2-7, and a rotating shaft 2-8 of the gear 2-6 extends out of the base 1 so as to facilitate rotation operation; during adjustment, the overlapping part of the rack 2-7 and the base 1 can be changed by rotating the rotating shaft 2-8 of the gear 2-6, namely, the distance between the base 1 and the road surface is changed.
For easy adjustment, in this embodiment, a rotary handle 2-9 is provided at the end of the rotary shaft 2-8 extending out of the base 1.
In order to further improve the accuracy of the measurement result, the height measuring ruler 6 is further arranged in the measuring instrument, and the height measuring ruler 6 is arranged at the top of the driven piece and can move in the vertical through hole 1-1 along with the driven piece. Referring to fig. 6, after the measurement of the slope angle is finished, the first leveling component 2-1 or the second leveling component 2-2 (which is adjusted closer to the bottom of the slope) may be adjusted, so that the base 1 is in a horizontal state, the height scales corresponding to the base 1 before and after leveling are observed and recorded, the difference between the two height scales is made to obtain the height difference of the slope between the two cushion blocks, and the slope measurement value is rechecked by using the tangent function value=the height difference of the slope angle/the distance between the two cushion blocks.
The measurement results of the slope angle measurement, slope calculation, height difference measurement and rechecking data are more accurate, but the slope can be estimated firstly, and then the angle measurement component 4 or the height measurement scale 6 is selected independently for measurement, for example: when the gradient is below 10 degrees, the height measuring scale 6 is used for measurement, when the gradient is above 10 degrees, the angle measuring assembly 4 is used for measurement, the operation flow is simpler and more convenient, and the accuracy of the result can be controlled within the error allowable range.
For smooth adjustment of the device, the vertical through-hole 1-1 should be adapted to the cross-sectional dimension of the follower which is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the height measuring scale 6.
In the embodiment, the level gauge 3 at the top of the base 1 can be a bubble level gauge 3, which has low cost and convenient observation.
When the measuring instrument is adopted to measure the road slope, the road slope angle can be measured through two times of operation of the leveling base 1, then the slope is calculated by using a tangent function, the operation is simple, quick and efficient, and meanwhile, the accumulated errors caused by multiple length measurement can be avoided, so that the measuring result is more accurate; in addition, the operation of leveling the base 1 for the third time can be performed, and the obtained slope angle and the obtained slope gradient are checked through the height difference of the slope surfaces between the adjacent cushion blocks, so that the accuracy and the reliability of the measurement result are further improved.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A road grade gauge, comprising: the leveling assembly is movably connected with the base and used for adjusting the levelness of the base; the level gauge is arranged on the base and used for detecting whether the base is level or not; the angle measuring assembly comprises an angle dial and a free sagging pointer, wherein the angle dial is fixedly arranged at the top of the base, and the free sagging pointer is rotatably arranged at the circle center of the angle dial.
2. The road grade gauge of claim 1, wherein the leveling assembly includes a driving member, a driven member, and a pad, the driving member being rotatably coupled to the base; the driven piece penetrates through the base and is driven by the driving piece to move along the height direction of the base; the cushion block is arranged at the bottom of the driven piece.
3. The road slope measuring instrument according to claim 2, wherein the base is provided with a vertical through hole and a horizontal through hole which are communicated with each other, the driven member is a screw rod penetrating through the vertical through hole, the driving member is a knurled nut rotating in the horizontal through hole, and the screw rod is in threaded transmission with the knurled nut.
4. The road gradient measuring instrument according to claim 2, wherein the base is provided with a vertical through hole and a mounting cavity which are communicated with each other, the driven member is a rack penetrating through the vertical through hole, the driving member is a gear rotatably arranged in the mounting cavity, a rotating shaft of the gear extends out of the base, and the rack is meshed with the gear for transmission.
5. The road grade gauge of claim 4, wherein the end of the shaft extending beyond the base is provided with a swivel handle.
6. A road slope measuring instrument according to any of claims 2-5, wherein the levelling assembly is provided in at least three groups.
7. The road grade gauge of claim 6, further comprising a height gauge disposed on top of the follower, movable with the transmission relative to the base; the follower has a cross-sectional dimension greater than or equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the height measurement scale.
8. A road slope measuring instrument according to any of claims 1-5, 7, wherein the level is a bubble level.
9. A road slope measuring method, characterized in that a road slope measuring instrument according to any of claims 1-9 is used, said measuring method comprising the steps of:
(1) Leveling: placing the measuring instrument on a flat horizontal plane, adjusting the leveling assembly, and observing the level until the level shows that the base is in a horizontal state;
(2) Slope angle measurement: placing the measuring instrument on a road surface to be measured, and enabling the angle dial to be parallel to the direction of the slope angle to be measured; reading and recording an angle scale corresponding to the free sagging pointer to obtain a slope angle;
(3) Calculating the gradient: and (3) calculating the tangent function value of the slope angle in the step (2) to obtain the slope.
10. The road grade measurement method of claim 9, further comprising step (4), wherein step (4) is a rechecking grade: and adjusting the leveling assembly to the level of the base, observing and recording scales on the height measuring scales corresponding to the base before and after adjustment, taking the difference between the two height scales to obtain a height difference, and checking the gradient by using the tangent function value of the slope angle = the height difference/the distance between the two cushion blocks.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311155129.5A CN117308878A (en) | 2023-09-08 | 2023-09-08 | Road gradient measuring instrument and measuring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311155129.5A CN117308878A (en) | 2023-09-08 | 2023-09-08 | Road gradient measuring instrument and measuring method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117308878A true CN117308878A (en) | 2023-12-29 |
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ID=89285691
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311155129.5A Pending CN117308878A (en) | 2023-09-08 | 2023-09-08 | Road gradient measuring instrument and measuring method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117308878A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-09-08 CN CN202311155129.5A patent/CN117308878A/en active Pending
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