CN117293341B - Fuel cell system for equalizing inlet temperature of fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Fuel cell system for equalizing inlet temperature of fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN117293341B CN117293341B CN202311579445.5A CN202311579445A CN117293341B CN 117293341 B CN117293341 B CN 117293341B CN 202311579445 A CN202311579445 A CN 202311579445A CN 117293341 B CN117293341 B CN 117293341B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell system for equalizing the temperature of an inlet of a fuel cell stack, which comprises an equalizer, a reformer, a fuel cell and a first heat exchanger, wherein the equalizer comprises a first cavity and a second cavity which are mutually independent, a heat conducting material is arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity, the reformer is communicated with the first cavity, and the first cavity is communicated with the anode side of the fuel cell; the cathode side of the fuel cell is connected with the second cavity, a first air pipeline is connected with the second cavity, and the first air pipeline passes through the first heat exchanger. The invention can avoid the excessive temperature gradient generated by the gas inlets of the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack and prolong the service life of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a fuel cell system for balancing the temperature of an inlet of a fuel cell stack.
Background
Fuel cells have been used in new energy automobiles as a new energy source, and the starting of the fuel cells requires a matched fuel cell system which can be used in motor vehicles to supply electric energy for motor driving or other power consuming devices. In order to use the same fuel as a vehicle, such a fuel cell system is typically a solid oxide fuel cell with a reformer, and typically the fuel cell is operated by supplying fuel to the anode and air to the cathode of the fuel cell. During operation of such fuel cell systems, relatively high temperatures may occur, particularly in the reformer region, such that the hydrogen-containing reformate gas has a relatively high temperature upon entering the anode inlet of the stack, and the anode gas temperature of the hydrogen-containing reformate gas exiting the reformer may reach 500-1000 ℃. After passing through the burner heat exchanger, the temperature of the cathode gas is usually 300-600 ℃, the cathode gas and the anode gas directly enter the anode and cathode inlets of the fuel cell stack, a higher temperature gradient can be generated inside the fuel cell, and the fuel cell stack generates thermomechanical stress, and the service life of the fuel cell, particularly the solid oxide fuel cell, can be obviously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a fuel cell system for balancing the temperature of an inlet of a fuel cell stack, and aims to solve the technical problem that the temperature of an anode gas inlet of the fuel cell stack can generate an excessive temperature gradient in the operation process of the existing fuel cell system with a reformer, so that the service life of a fuel cell is reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fuel cell system for equalizing the inlet temperature of a fuel cell stack, comprising an equalizer, a reformer, a fuel cell and a first heat exchanger, wherein the equalizer comprises a first cavity and a second cavity which are independent from each other, a heat conducting material is arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity, the reformer is connected in the first cavity, and the first cavity is connected with the anode side of the fuel cell; the cathode side of the fuel cell is connected with the second cavity, a first air pipeline is connected with the second cavity, and the first air pipeline passes through the first heat exchanger.
Preferably, the fuel cell further comprises a tail gas burner and a second heat exchanger, wherein an anode tail gas outlet and a cathode tail gas outlet of the fuel cell are both communicated into the tail gas burner, the tail gas burner is communicated with the second heat exchanger, and a second air pipeline is further communicated with the second cavity and passes through the second heat exchanger.
Preferably, the equalizer is a square cavity structure, a partition board is arranged in the equalizer, one end part of the partition board is connected with the inner wall of the equalizer, the other end part of the partition board is connected with the outer wall of the second cavity, the partition board divides the first cavity into a front cavity and a rear cavity, the front cavity and the rear cavity are communicated with one side, away from the partition board, of the second cavity, the reformer is connected with the front cavity, and the rear cavity is connected with the fuel cell.
Preferably, a baffle is installed in the rear cavity, one end of the baffle is connected with the inner wall of the equalizer, and a gap is formed between the other end of the baffle and the baffle.
Preferably, the second cavity is located inside the first cavity, and the shape of the second cavity is square, spherical or cylindrical.
Preferably, the second cavity is provided with a first pipe fitting for connecting a first air pipeline, the second cavity is provided with a second pipe fitting for connecting a second air pipeline, the second cavity is provided with a third pipe fitting for connecting a fuel cell, the first pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting are arranged oppositely, and the first pipe fitting extends from the second cavity to the third pipe fitting in the direction to the third pipe fitting.
Preferably, the direction of the radial third pipe member of the end portion of the first pipe member located in the second chamber is gradually smaller.
Preferably, the second cavity is provided with a first pipe fitting for connecting a first air pipeline, the second cavity is provided with a second pipe fitting for connecting a second air pipeline, the second cavity is provided with a third pipe fitting for connecting a fuel cell, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting are arranged oppositely, and the first pipe fitting extends from the second cavity to the third pipe fitting in the direction to the third pipe fitting.
Preferably, it further comprises a burner which switches on the first heat exchanger.
Preferably, it further comprises an air supply unit which switches on the reformer, the burner, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the tail gas burner, respectively.
The technical scheme adopted in the invention content has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a fuel cell system for balancing the temperature of an inlet of a fuel cell stack, wherein an equalizer is arranged between a reformer and the fuel cell in the system, so that cathode gas is heated by a first heat exchanger before entering the equalizer, and then enters the equalizer to be heated by high-temperature reformed product gas from the reformer, so that the temperature of the cathode gas reaches a level similar to that of the reformed product gas, the excessive temperature gradient of an anode gas inlet of the fuel cell stack is avoided, the thermomechanical stress of the fuel cell stack is further avoided, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system for equalizing the temperature at the inlet of a fuel cell stack in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an equalizer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an equalizer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a top view (1) of the second chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view (1) of a second cavity according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view (2) of the second chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view (2) of a second cavity according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view (3) of a second cavity according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view (4) of a second cavity according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view (5) of the second cavity in the present invention.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Illustration of: 2. the fuel cell, 201, anode side of the fuel cell, 202, cathode side of the fuel cell, 3, equalizer, 301, interface of front cavity, 302, interface of back cavity, 303, first pipe, 304, second pipe, 305, third pipe, 306, end of first pipe in second cavity, 307, second cavity, 308, front cavity, 309, back cavity, 311, baffle, 312, baffle, 330, first cavity, 4, reformer, 401, interface of reformer, 5, burner, 6, first heat exchanger, 7, tail gas burner, 8, second heat exchanger, 9, second air line, 10, first air line, 11, air supply unit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In the present invention, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "affixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "affixed" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral body; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" as it appears throughout includes three parallel schemes, for example "A and/or B", including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, the present invention provides a fuel cell system for equalizing the temperature at the inlet of a fuel cell stack, which includes a reformer 4, an equalizer 3, a fuel cell 2, an exhaust gas burner 7 and a second heat exchanger 8, wherein the fuel cell 2 is connected to the equalizer 3, the equalizer 3 is connected to the fuel cell 2, the anode exhaust gas outlet and the cathode exhaust gas outlet of the fuel cell 2 are both connected to the exhaust gas burner 7, and the exhaust gas burner 7 is connected to the second heat exchanger 8; the equalizer 3 comprises a first cavity 330 and a second cavity 307 which are independent from each other, a heat conducting material is arranged between the first cavity 330 and the second cavity 307, no material exchange occurs, the reformer 4 is communicated with the first cavity 330, and the first cavity 330 is communicated with the anode side of the fuel cell; the cathode side of the fuel cell 2 is connected to the second chamber 307, a second air line 9 is connected to the second chamber 307, and the second air line 9 passes through the second heat exchanger 8. The present embodiment further comprises a first heat exchanger 6, said second cavity 307 is further connected with a first air line 10, said first air line 10 passing through said first heat exchanger 6. The present embodiment further comprises a burner 5, said burner 5 being connected to said first heat exchanger 6, the burner and the first heat exchanger cooperating for heating air entering the cathode side of the fuel cell during the system start-up phase. The present embodiment further comprises an air supply unit 11, said air supply unit 11 switching on said reformer 4, said burner 5, said second heat exchanger 8, said first heat exchanger 6 and said tail gas burner 7, respectively, for providing them with air. The reformer 4 generates high temperature reformed gas using fuel and air, and generates high temperature gas by combustion of the fuel and air added to the burner 5, and the high temperature gas acts on the first heat exchanger 6 to heat the air passing therethrough.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the equalizer 3 in this embodiment is a square cavity structure, a partition 312 is disposed in the equalizer, one end of the partition 312 is connected to an inner wall of the equalizer, the other end of the partition 312 is connected to an outer wall of the second cavity 307, the partition 312 divides the first cavity 330 into a front cavity 308 and a rear cavity 309, the front cavity 308 and the rear cavity 309 are connected from a side of the second cavity 307 away from the partition 312, in this embodiment, the reformer 4 is connected to the interface 301 of the front cavity through the interface 401 of the reformer, and the rear cavity 309 is connected to the anode side 201 of the fuel cell through the interface 302 of the rear cavity. A baffle 311 is installed in the rear cavity, one end of the baffle 311 is connected with the inner wall of the equalizer, and a gap is formed between the other end of the baffle 311 and the baffle 312.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the arrangement of baffles and baffles controls the path of reformate gas in the first chamber of the equalizer. The path of the high-temperature reformed gas generated by the reformer through the equalizer is shown by the straight arrow inside the equalizer in fig. 3, and the high-temperature reformed gas sequentially passes through the front cavity 308 and the rear cavity 309 to surround the second cavity 307 for a circle, so that heat exchange is fully generated with air in the second cavity, and the air in the second cavity 307 is heated. The high temperature reformed gas flows within the first chamber so that the equalizer as a whole is also heated, and the housing wall of the equalizer can release heat into the environment, particularly to the fuel cell or reformer region. This increases the temperature level in this region and at the same time cools the reformed gas.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the second cavity 307 is located inside the first cavity 330, a first pipe 303 for connecting to the second air line 9 is disposed on the second cavity 307, a second pipe 304 for connecting to the first air line 10 is disposed on the second cavity 307, a third pipe 305 for connecting to the cathode side 202 of the fuel cell is disposed on the second cavity, the first pipe 303 and the third pipe 305 are disposed opposite to each other, and the first pipe 303 extends from the second cavity toward the third pipe 305 to the third pipe. The radial third tube at the end 306 of the first tube within the second chamber tapers in direction. After the fuel cell is operating properly, the burner will not operate. At this time, after the air required to enter the cathode side 202 of the fuel cell passes through the second heat exchanger 8, the air enters the equalizer from the first pipe 303 on the equalizer 3, so as to ensure that as much air as possible flows out of the third pipe 305 instead of flowing out of the second pipe 304, in this embodiment, the end 306 of the first pipe located in the second cavity is located at the third pipe 305 in the second cavity, so that the air flowing into the second cavity from the first pipe 303 can flow out of the third pipe 305 as much as possible. The shape of the second cavity 307 in this embodiment is spherical, increasing the heat exchange efficiency between the second cavity and the first cavity, and reducing the flow resistance of the reformed gas flowing around the second cavity in the first cavity. In addition, the shape of the second cavity may be square as shown in fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of the second cavity, and fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the second cavity, but the structure increases the flow resistance of the reformed gas in the first cavity; the shape of the second cavity may be cylindrical as shown in fig. 7 and 8, fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of the second cavity, and fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the second cavity, where the structure combines the flow resistance and heat exchange efficiency of the reformed gas in the first cavity; the end 306 of the first pipe fitting located in the second cavity may be configured as shown in fig. 10, where the end 306 of the first pipe fitting located in the second cavity is closed in an arc shape, so that the flow resistance of the air in the first pipe fitting 303 flowing to the second pipe fitting 304 may be further increased.
The invention relates to a fuel cell system for equalizing the temperature of the inlet of a fuel cell stack, wherein an equalizer 3 is arranged between a reformer 4 and a fuel cell 2, the equalizer 3 exchanges heat between reformed gas to be introduced into the anode of the fuel cell and air to be introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell, and the temperature of the inlet of the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack is equalized during the start-up phase of the fuel cell. The equalizer is connected with the reformed gas outlet of the reformer, and the high-temperature reformed gas is conveyed to the equalizer; the equalizer is connected with an anode side inlet of the fuel cell and inputs the reformed gas subjected to heat exchange into a fuel cell stack; the second pipe fitting 304 on the equalizer is connected with the first heat exchanger 6, and air enters the equalizer after being heated by the first heat exchanger 6; the first pipe 303 on the equalizer is connected with the second heat exchanger 8, in the operation process, hot air (the temperature is far lower than that of reformed gas) after primary heat exchange of air in the second heat exchanger enters the equalizer, and after secondary heat exchange is carried out by the equalizer, the hot air enters the fuel cell stack from the third pipe 305, so that the temperature of the reformed gas entering the anode of the fuel cell stack is similar to that of the air entering the cathode of the fuel cell stack, thereby reducing the thermal mechanical stress, effectively protecting the fuel cell and prolonging the service life of the fuel cell.
The fuel cell system related to the invention is applicable to all fuel cell systems with independent reforming devices, and can be used for various scenes such as vehicle-mounted and distributed power generation systems.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 to 3 and 9, in order to achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a fuel cell system for equalizing the temperature of the inlet of a fuel cell stack, which includes a reformer 4, an equalizer 3, a fuel cell 2, an exhaust gas burner 7 and a second heat exchanger 8, wherein the fuel cell 2 is connected to the equalizer 3, the equalizer 3 is connected to the fuel cell 2, the anode exhaust gas outlet and the cathode exhaust gas outlet of the fuel cell 2 are both connected to the exhaust gas burner 7, and the exhaust gas burner 7 is connected to the second heat exchanger 8; the equalizer 3 comprises a first cavity 330 and a second cavity 307 which are independent from each other, a heat conducting material is arranged between the first cavity 330 and the second cavity 307, no material exchange occurs, the reformer 4 is communicated with the first cavity 330, and the first cavity 330 is communicated with the anode side of the fuel cell; the cathode side of the fuel cell 2 is connected to the second chamber 307, a second air line 9 is connected to the second chamber 307, and the second air line 9 passes through the second heat exchanger 8. The present embodiment further comprises a first heat exchanger 6, said second cavity 307 is further connected with a first air line 10, said first air line 10 passing through said first heat exchanger 6. The present embodiment further comprises a burner 5, said burner 5 being connected to said first heat exchanger 6, the burner and the first heat exchanger cooperating for heating air entering the cathode side of the fuel cell during the system start-up phase. The present embodiment further comprises an air supply unit 11, said air supply unit 11 switching on said reformer 4, said burner 5, said second heat exchanger 8, said first heat exchanger 6 and said tail gas burner 7, respectively, for providing them with air.
Referring to fig. 1-3 and 9, the equalizer 3 in this embodiment is a square cavity structure, a partition 312 is disposed in the equalizer, one end of the partition 312 is connected to an inner wall of the equalizer, the other end of the partition 312 is connected to an outer wall of the second cavity 307, the partition 312 divides the first cavity 330 into a front cavity 308 and a rear cavity 309, the front cavity 308 and the rear cavity 309 are connected from a side of the second cavity 307 away from the partition 312, in this embodiment, the reformer 4 is connected to the interface 301 of the front cavity through the interface 401 of the reformer, and the rear cavity 309 is connected to the anode side 201 of the fuel cell through the interface 302 of the rear cavity. A baffle 311 is installed in the rear cavity, one end of the baffle 311 is connected with the inner wall of the equalizer, and a gap is formed between the other end of the baffle 311 and the baffle 312.
Referring to fig. 1-3 and 9, the arrangement of baffles and baffles controls the path of reformed gas in the first chamber of the equalizer. The path of the high-temperature reformed gas generated by the reformer through the equalizer is shown by the straight arrow inside the equalizer in fig. 3, and the high-temperature reformed gas sequentially passes through the front cavity 308 and the rear cavity 309 to surround the second cavity 307 for a circle, so that heat exchange is fully generated with air in the second cavity, and the air in the second cavity 307 is heated. The high temperature reformed gas flows within the first chamber so that the equalizer as a whole is also heated, and the housing wall of the equalizer can release heat into the environment, particularly to the fuel cell or reformer region. This increases the temperature level in this region and at the same time cools the reformed gas.
Referring to fig. 1-3 and 9, the second cavity 307 is located inside the first cavity 330, a first pipe 303 for connecting to the second air line 9 is disposed on the second cavity 307, a second pipe 304 for connecting to the first air line 10 is disposed on the second cavity 307, a third pipe 305 for connecting to the cathode side 202 of the fuel cell is disposed on the second cavity, the first pipe 303 and the third pipe 305 are disposed opposite to each other, and the first pipe 303 extends from the second cavity toward the third pipe 305 to the third pipe. The radial third tube at the end 306 of the first tube within the second chamber tapers in direction. After the fuel cell is operating properly, the burner will not operate. At this time, after the air required to enter the cathode side 202 of the fuel cell passes through the second heat exchanger 8, the air enters the equalizer from the first pipe 303 on the equalizer 3, so as to ensure that as much air as possible flows out of the third pipe 305 instead of flowing out of the second pipe 304, in this embodiment, the end 306 of the first pipe located in the second cavity is located at the third pipe 305 in the second cavity, and the end 306 of the first pipe located in the second cavity partially enters the third pipe 305, which increases the flow resistance of the air flowing into the second pipe 304 in the first pipe 303, so that the air flowing into the second cavity from the third pipe 305 in the first pipe 303 can flow out as much as possible. The shape of the second cavity 307 in this embodiment is spherical, increasing the heat exchange efficiency between the second cavity and the first cavity, and reducing the flow resistance of the reformed gas flowing around the second cavity in the first cavity.
The invention relates to a fuel cell system for equalizing the temperature of the inlet of a fuel cell stack, wherein an equalizer 3 is arranged between a reformer 4 and a fuel cell 2, the equalizer 3 exchanges heat between reformed gas to be introduced into the anode of the fuel cell and air to be introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell, and the temperature of the inlet of the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack is equalized during the start-up phase of the fuel cell. The equalizer is connected with the reformed gas outlet of the reformer, and the high-temperature reformed gas is conveyed to the equalizer; the equalizer is connected with an anode side inlet of the fuel cell and inputs the reformed gas subjected to heat exchange into a fuel cell stack; the second pipe fitting 304 on the equalizer is connected with the first heat exchanger 6, and air enters the equalizer after being heated by the first heat exchanger 6; the first pipe 303 on the equalizer is connected with the second heat exchanger 8, in the operation process, hot air (the temperature is far lower than that of reformed gas) after primary heat exchange of air in the second heat exchanger enters the equalizer, and after secondary heat exchange is carried out by the equalizer, the hot air enters the fuel cell stack from the third pipe 305, so that the temperature of the reformed gas entering the anode of the fuel cell stack is similar to that of the air entering the cathode of the fuel cell stack, thereby reducing the thermal mechanical stress, effectively protecting the fuel cell and prolonging the service life of the fuel cell.
The fuel cell system related to the invention is applicable to all fuel cell systems with independent reforming devices, and can be used for various scenes such as vehicle-mounted and distributed power generation systems.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1 to 3 and 11, in order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, the present invention provides a fuel cell system for equalizing the temperature of the inlet of a fuel cell stack, which includes a reformer 4, an equalizer 3, a fuel cell 2, an exhaust gas burner 7 and a second heat exchanger 8, wherein the fuel cell 2 is connected to the equalizer 3, the equalizer 3 is connected to the fuel cell 2, the anode exhaust gas outlet and the cathode exhaust gas outlet of the fuel cell 2 are both connected to the exhaust gas burner 7, and the exhaust gas burner 7 is connected to the second heat exchanger 8; the equalizer 3 comprises a first cavity 330 and a second cavity 307 which are independent from each other, a heat conducting material is arranged between the first cavity 330 and the second cavity 307, no material exchange occurs, the reformer 4 is communicated with the first cavity 330, and the first cavity 330 is communicated with the anode side of the fuel cell; the cathode side of the fuel cell 2 is connected to the second chamber 307, a second air line 9 is connected to the second chamber 307, and the second air line 9 passes through the second heat exchanger 8. The present embodiment further comprises a first heat exchanger 6, said second cavity 307 is further connected with a first air line 10, said first air line 10 passing through said first heat exchanger 6. The present embodiment further comprises a burner 5, said burner 5 being connected to said first heat exchanger 6, the burner and the first heat exchanger cooperating for heating air entering the cathode side of the fuel cell during the system start-up phase. The present embodiment further comprises an air supply unit 11, said air supply unit 11 switching on said reformer 4, said burner 5, said second heat exchanger 8, said first heat exchanger 6 and said tail gas burner 7, respectively, for providing them with air.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3 and 11, in the embodiment, the equalizer 3 is a square cavity structure, a partition 312 is disposed in the equalizer, one end of the partition 312 is connected to an inner wall of the equalizer, the other end of the partition 312 is connected to an outer wall of the second cavity 307, the partition 312 divides the first cavity 330 into a front cavity 308 and a rear cavity 309, the front cavity 308 and the rear cavity 309 are connected from a side of the second cavity 307 away from the partition 312, in this embodiment, the reformer 4 is connected to the interface 301 of the front cavity through the interface 401 of the reformer, and the rear cavity 309 is connected to the anode side 201 of the fuel cell through the interface 302 of the rear cavity. A baffle 311 is installed in the rear cavity, one end of the baffle 311 is connected with the inner wall of the equalizer, and a gap is formed between the other end of the baffle 311 and the baffle 312.
Referring to fig. 1-3 and 11, the arrangement of baffles and baffles controls the path of reformed gas in the first chamber of the equalizer. The path of the high-temperature reformed gas generated by the reformer through the equalizer is shown by the straight arrow inside the equalizer in fig. 3, and the high-temperature reformed gas sequentially passes through the front cavity 308 and the rear cavity 309 to surround the second cavity 307 for a circle, so that heat exchange is fully generated with air in the second cavity, and the air in the second cavity 307 is heated. The high temperature reformed gas flows within the first chamber so that the equalizer as a whole is also heated, and the housing wall of the equalizer can release heat into the environment, particularly to the fuel cell or reformer region. This increases the temperature level in this region and at the same time cools the reformed gas.
Referring to fig. 1-3 and 11, the second cavity 307 is located inside the first cavity 330, the second cavity 307 is provided with a first pipe 303 for connecting to the second air line 9, the second cavity 307 is provided with a second pipe 304 for connecting to the first air line 10, the second cavity is provided with a third pipe 305 for connecting to the cathode side 202 of the fuel cell, the third pipe 305 and the second pipe 304 are oppositely arranged, and the first pipe 303 extends from the inside of the second cavity to the direction of the third pipe 305 to the position of the third pipe 305. After the fuel cell is operating properly, the burner will not operate. At this time, after the air required to enter the cathode side 202 of the fuel cell passes through the second heat exchanger 8, the air enters the equalizer from the first pipe 303 on the equalizer 3, and in order to ensure that as much air as possible flows out of the third pipe 305 instead of flowing out of the second pipe 304, the first pipe 303 extends from the second chamber toward the third pipe 305 to the third pipe 305. The air flowing into the second chamber through the first pipe 303 can flow out of the third pipe 305 as much as possible. The shape of the second cavity 307 in this embodiment is spherical, increasing the heat exchange efficiency between the second cavity and the first cavity, and reducing the flow resistance of the reformed gas flowing around the second cavity in the first cavity.
The invention relates to a fuel cell system for equalizing the temperature of the inlet of a fuel cell stack, wherein an equalizer 3 is arranged between a reformer 4 and a fuel cell 2, the equalizer 3 exchanges heat between reformed gas to be introduced into the anode of the fuel cell and air to be introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell, and the temperature of the inlet of the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack is equalized during the start-up phase of the fuel cell. The equalizer is connected with the reformed gas outlet of the reformer, and the high-temperature reformed gas is conveyed to the equalizer; the equalizer is connected with an anode side inlet of the fuel cell and inputs the reformed gas subjected to heat exchange into a fuel cell stack; the second pipe fitting 304 on the equalizer is connected with the first heat exchanger 6, and air enters the equalizer after being heated by the first heat exchanger 6; the first pipe 303 on the equalizer is connected with the second heat exchanger 8, in the operation process, hot air (the temperature is far lower than that of reformed gas) after primary heat exchange of air in the second heat exchanger enters the equalizer, and after secondary heat exchange is carried out by the equalizer, the hot air enters the fuel cell stack from the third pipe 305, so that the temperature of the reformed gas entering the anode of the fuel cell stack is similar to that of the air entering the cathode of the fuel cell stack, thereby reducing the thermal mechanical stress, effectively protecting the fuel cell and prolonging the service life of the fuel cell.
The fuel cell system related to the invention is applicable to all fuel cell systems with independent reforming devices, and can be used for various scenes such as vehicle-mounted and distributed power generation systems.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and drawings of the present application, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A fuel cell system for equalizing the temperature at the inlet of a fuel cell stack, comprising: comprising an equalizer, a reformer, a fuel cell and a first heat exchanger, wherein,
the equalizer comprises a first cavity and a second cavity which are mutually independent, and a heat conducting material is arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity and does not exchange substances;
the equalizer is of a square cavity structure, a partition plate is arranged in the equalizer, one end part of the partition plate is connected with the inner wall of the equalizer, the other end part of the partition plate is connected with the outer wall of the second cavity, the partition plate divides the first cavity into a front cavity and a rear cavity, the front cavity and the rear cavity are communicated from one side, away from the partition plate, of the second cavity, the second cavity is positioned in the first cavity, and the second cavity is square, spherical or cylindrical in shape;
the reformer is communicated with the first cavity, and the first cavity is communicated with the anode side of the fuel cell;
the reformer is connected in the front cavity, and the rear cavity is connected with the fuel cell; a baffle is arranged in the rear cavity, one end of the baffle is connected with the inner wall of the equalizer, and a gap is formed between the other end of the baffle and the baffle;
the baffle plates and the baffle plates are arranged, so that high-temperature reformed gas sequentially passes through the front cavity and the rear cavity to encircle the second cavity, and heat exchange is fully generated with air in the second cavity to heat the air in the second cavity;
the cathode side of the fuel cell is connected with the second cavity, a first air pipeline is connected with the second cavity, and the first air pipeline passes through the first heat exchanger.
2. A fuel cell system for equalizing a temperature at an inlet of a fuel cell stack as recited in claim 1, wherein: the fuel cell is characterized by further comprising a tail gas burner and a second heat exchanger, wherein an anode tail gas outlet and a cathode tail gas outlet of the fuel cell are both connected into the tail gas burner, the tail gas burner is connected to the second heat exchanger, a second air pipeline is further connected to the second cavity, and the second air pipeline passes through the second heat exchanger.
3. A fuel cell system for equalizing a temperature at an inlet of a fuel cell stack as recited in claim 2, wherein: the fuel cell is characterized in that a first pipe fitting used for connecting a first air pipeline is arranged on the second cavity, a second pipe fitting used for connecting the second air pipeline is arranged on the second cavity, a third pipe fitting used for connecting a fuel cell is arranged on the second cavity, the first pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting are oppositely arranged, and the first pipe fitting extends from the interior of the second cavity to the direction of the third pipe fitting to the position of the third pipe fitting.
4. A fuel cell system for equalizing inlet temperature of a fuel cell stack as recited in claim 3, wherein: the direction of the radial third pipe fitting of the end part of the first pipe fitting positioned in the second cavity is gradually reduced.
5. A fuel cell system for equalizing a temperature at an inlet of a fuel cell stack as recited in claim 2, wherein: the fuel cell is characterized in that a first pipe fitting used for connecting a first air pipeline is arranged on the second cavity, a second pipe fitting used for connecting the second air pipeline is arranged on the second cavity, a third pipe fitting used for connecting a fuel cell is arranged on the second cavity, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting are oppositely arranged, and the first pipe fitting extends from the interior of the second cavity to the direction of the third pipe fitting to the position of the third pipe fitting.
6. A fuel cell system for equalizing a temperature at an inlet of a fuel cell stack as recited in claim 2, wherein: it also comprises a burner which switches on the first heat exchanger.
7. A fuel cell system for equalizing a temperature at an inlet of a fuel cell stack as recited in claim 6, wherein: it also comprises an air supply unit which is respectively connected with the reformer, the burner, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the tail gas burner.
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| CN202311579445.5A CN117293341B (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | Fuel cell system for equalizing inlet temperature of fuel cell stack |
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| CN117293341A (en) | 2023-12-26 |
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