CN117286375A - Aluminum alloy with variable yield strength and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy with variable yield strength and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117286375A CN117286375A CN202311586106.XA CN202311586106A CN117286375A CN 117286375 A CN117286375 A CN 117286375A CN 202311586106 A CN202311586106 A CN 202311586106A CN 117286375 A CN117286375 A CN 117286375A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010019196 Head injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/08—Front or rear portions
- B62D25/10—Bonnets or lids, e.g. for trucks, tractors, busses, work vehicles
- B62D25/105—Bonnets or lids, e.g. for trucks, tractors, busses, work vehicles for motor cars
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum alloy with variable yield strength, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of automobile body materials, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.45-0.7% of Si, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.45-0.65% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements, and the balance of Al; in the solid solution treatment of the preparation process: the temperature of the end solid solution treatment is 530-550 ℃ and the time is 10-13min; solid solution temperature Tc and solid solution time tz of the middle partIs of the formula tz=0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 XTc+ 400.29. The aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the performance of variable yield strength, and can ensure that the aluminum alloy has the effect of pedestrian protection when being used as the raw material of the automobile front cover.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile body materials, in particular to an aluminum alloy with variable yield strength, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
At present, the aluminum alloy automobile plate for the automobile body mainly comprises a 2-series aluminum alloy, a 5-series aluminum alloy and a 6-series aluminum alloy, and the 6-series aluminum alloy has good corrosion resistance and baking finish hardening performance compared with the 2-series aluminum alloy and the 5-series aluminum alloy respectively, so the 6-series aluminum alloy becomes the main application flow of the aluminum alloy automobile plate. The 6-series aluminum alloy for the inner plate of the automobile body panel adopts the most 6016 aluminum alloy with better forming performance, the 6016 aluminum alloy has lower yield strength after solid solution and water quenching, good stamping performance, and the strength is improved in the subsequent baking varnish treatment process, and the excellent stamping formability and the stronger baking varnish hardening capacity of the aluminum alloy are very in line with the requirements of the automobile body panel.
The invention discloses a preparation method of 6016 aluminum alloy plate for an automobile body, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing 6016 aluminum alloy cast ingot; (2) Heating 6016 aluminum alloy cast ingot to 440-490 ℃ for heat preservation and hot rolling to prepare a hot rolled plate; (3) Heat-preserving the hot rolled plate at 470-550 ℃ for 2-6 hours, and cooling the hot rolled plate to room temperature; (4) cold rolling to obtain a cold-rolled sheet; (5) carrying out solid solution treatment; (6) standing at room temperature for 5-30min; (7) carrying out pre-ageing treatment; and (8) standing the pre-aged rolled plate at room temperature for more than 4 weeks.
However, with the continuous upgrade of the automobile collision regulations, the requirements for pedestrian protection performance of automobiles are continuously improved, and the damage value of each collision point is required to be further reduced. Therefore, if the current common 6016 aluminum plate is continuously adopted, in order to meet the requirements of collision regulations, the structural design difficulty of parts and the arrangement difficulty of a front cabin are greatly increased, and in some cases, the requirements of regulations may not be met finally. Therefore, the automobile industry provides requirements for improving the performance of pedestrian protection functions for automobile panel inner plates, in particular automobile front cover inner plate materials.
The improved pedestrian protection function is that when the vehicle collides with a pedestrian, the aluminum alloy automobile plate can quickly respond to yield, but is not damaged, at the moment, the further reduction of the yield strength of the material, the further improvement of the elongation and the further improvement of the pedestrian protection effect of the part are ensured. However, the existing 6016 aluminum alloy has higher yield strength, is unfavorable for rapid yielding so as to protect pedestrians, and further, the damage value of the pedestrian protection head at the front cover position of the automobile can be further improved. This is because, in the middle position of the front cover of the automobile, the space between the lower part of the front cover and the engine is larger, and particularly for new energy vehicle types, the arrangement performance of the lower part of the middle part of the front cover is basically empty, and the larger space can be matched with lower yield strength so as to reduce injuries; the space between the left side and the right side of the front cover and the front cabin is small, so that certain rigidity is ensured at the same time, the yield strength cannot be reduced too much, the rigidity is insufficient, and the damage is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy with variable yield strength, and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems that the current 6016 aluminum alloy is high in yield strength and unfavorable for rapid yield so as to protect pedestrians.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a variable yield strength aluminum alloy comprising, in mass percent:
0.45-0.7% of Si, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.45-0.65% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements, and the balance of Al;
in the solid solution treatment of the preparation process of the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength: the solution treatment temperature of the end part is 530-550 DEG CThe solution treatment time of the end part is 10-13min; the relation between the solid solution temperature Tc and the solid solution time tz in the middle part is tz=0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, solid solution time tz=6.7-7.3 min; the temperature of the end portion solution treatment is the same as the temperature of the middle portion solution treatment.
According to the variable yield strength aluminum alloy provided by the invention, the components and the solution treatment process are designed, so that the obtained aluminum alloy has the variable yield strength performance, the yield strength of two ends of an aluminum plate is still in a higher state, the effect of low yield strength can be realized at the middle part of the aluminum alloy, and the effect of pedestrian protection can be realized when the aluminum alloy is used as a raw material of an automobile front cover.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.55 to 0.7 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Mn, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of impurity element, and the balance of Al.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing an aluminum alloy of variable yield strength according to the first aspect, the method comprising:
and (3) preparing materials according to a formula, adopting a semi-continuous casting process to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot with variable yield strength, and then sequentially carrying out hot rolling, annealing, cold rolling, solution treatment, aging treatment and standing at room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the hot rolling is started after the aluminum alloy ingot is insulated for 3-7 hours at 430-475 ℃;
preferably, the thickness of the hot rolled sheet is 3-5mm.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the annealing temperature is 450-500 ℃.
Preferably, the annealing is carried out for a holding time of 1.5-5 hours.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the thickness of the sheet obtained by cold rolling is 0.7-1.3mm.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the solid solution treatment includes an end solid solution treatment and a middle solid solution treatment.
Preferably, the temperature of the end solution treatment is 530-550 ℃.
Preferably, the end portion is solution treated for a period of 10 to 13 minutes.
Preferably, the relationship between the temperature Tc and the time tz of the intermediate solution treatment is tz=0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, time tz=6.7-7.3 min.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the temperature of the aging treatment is 150-175 ℃.
Preferably, the aging treatment is carried out for 1-6min.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the temperature of standing at room temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃.
Preferably, the standing time at room temperature is more than or equal to 72 hours.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a use of the variable yield strength aluminum alloy of the first aspect, comprising preparing an automotive front cover using the variable yield strength aluminum alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The aluminum alloy provided by the invention ensures Mg by reducing and strictly regulating the content of Si element and Mg element in the 6-series aluminum alloy 2 The Si phase is precipitated orderly in a certain amount, not sufficiently, so that a reduction in yield strength is achieved to some extent.
(2) In the solution treatment process, the effect of variable yield strength distribution is realized, namely, the yield strength of the two ends of the aluminum plate is still in a higher state, and the effect of low yield strength can be realized in the middle part of the aluminum plate.
(3) The performance indexes of the aluminum plate prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention are as follows: both ends: r is R p0.2 ≥91MPa，R m ≥188MPa，A 80mm ≥23%，n 4~6 ≥0.27，r 8~12 Not less than 0.66; middle part: r is R p0.2 ≥68MPa，R m ≥130MPa，A 80mm ≥23%，n 4~6 ≥0.26，r 8~12 And more than or equal to 0.65. The performance indexes after baking varnish treatment are as follows: both ends: r is R p0.2 ≥174MPa，R m ≥241MPa，A 80mm More than or equal to 16 percent; middle part: r is R p0.2 ≥111MPa，R m ≥168MPa，A 80mm ≥16%。
(4) After the pedestrian protection head impact test is carried out on the automobile front cover assembly manufactured by the aluminum plate, the damage values of all collision points are extracted, summarized and scored, and the result analysis shows that the damage value of the head of the pedestrian is generally and obviously reduced and the damage partition is more reasonable after the aluminum plate for improving the pedestrian protection performance is adopted for the variable yield strength automobile body inner plate, and the pedestrian protection effect is improved by 33.3% compared with the traditional original 6016 aluminum plate by calculating the pedestrian protection score.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an air cushion type continuous heat treatment furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention with the ends of the sheet material beginning at the edge;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the invention wherein the ends start at a distance from the edges of the sheet;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing pedestrian protection head injury distribution of the aluminum alloy obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing pedestrian protection head injury distribution of the aluminum alloy obtained in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-furnace body, 2-heat insulation board, 3-non-heat insulation area, 4-aluminum alloy, 5-end, 6-middle, 7-red, 8-yellow and 9-green.
The present invention will be described in further detail below. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to represent or limit the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Detailed Description
For a better illustration of the present invention, which is convenient for understanding the technical solution of the present invention, exemplary but non-limiting examples of the present invention are as follows:
the embodiment provides an aluminum alloy with variable yield strength, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.45-0.7% of Si, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.45-0.65% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements, and the balance of Al;
in the solid solution treatment of the preparation process of the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength: the solid solution treatment temperature of the end part is 530-550 ℃, and the solid solution treatment time of the end part is 10-13min; the relation between the solid solution temperature Tc and the solid solution time tz in the middle part is tz=0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, solid solution time tz=6.7-7.3 min; the temperature of the end portion solution treatment is the same as the temperature of the middle portion solution treatment.
In the present invention, the temperature of the end portion solid solution treatment and the temperature of the intermediate portion solid solution treatment are the same, and the time of the end portion solid solution treatment and the time of the intermediate portion solid solution treatment are confirmed according to the requirement.
In the present invention, the Si content of the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength is 0.45 to 0.7% by mass, for example, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65% or 0.7% by mass, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not mentioned in the above range are also acceptable.
In the present invention, the Mn content of the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength is 0.05 to 0.15% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.14% or 0.15%, etc., but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also satisfactory.
In the present invention, mg in the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength is 0.45 to 0.65% by mass, for example, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6% or 0.65% by mass, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also satisfactory.
In the present invention, the Fe content of the aluminum alloy having a variable yield strength is not more than 0.1% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.1%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.02%, or 0.01%, etc., but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also acceptable.
In the present invention, cu in the aluminum alloy having a variable yield strength is not more than 0.1% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.1%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.02%, or 0.01%, etc., but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the ranges are also acceptable.
In the present invention, cr in the aluminum alloy having a variable yield strength is not more than 0.04% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02% or 0.01% by mass, but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also acceptable.
In the present invention, zn in the aluminum alloy having a variable yield strength is not more than 0.1% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.1%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.02%, or 0.01%, etc., but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also acceptable.
In the present invention, the content of Ti in the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength is 0.1% by mass or less, and for example, 0.1%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.02% or 0.01% by mass or the like may be used, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not mentioned in the above range are also acceptable.
In the present invention, the impurity element in the aluminum alloy having a variable yield strength is not more than 0.15% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.15%, 0.14%, 0.13%, 0.12%, 0.11% or 0.1%, etc., but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also acceptable.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.55 to 0.7 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Mn, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of impurity element, and the balance of Al.
Further, the invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) preparing materials according to a formula, adopting a semi-continuous casting process to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot with variable yield strength, and then sequentially carrying out hot rolling, annealing, cold rolling, solution treatment, aging treatment and standing at room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength.
In the present invention, the aluminum alloy ingot obtained with the semi-continuous casting process to obtain the variable yield strength may specifically be: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging and smelting are carried out to obtain a raw material solution; and after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting after cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot with variable yield strength.
Further, other aluminum alloy preparation processes in the art can also be used to prepare aluminum alloy ingots meeting the requirements of the invention.
The melting temperature may be 700 to 730 ℃, for example, 700 ℃, 705 ℃, 710 ℃, 715 ℃, 720 ℃, 725 ℃, 730 ℃ or the like, but the melting temperature is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also satisfactory.
The temperature of the furnace refining is 710 to 725 ℃, and may be 710 ℃, 712 ℃, 714 ℃, 716 ℃, 718 ℃, 720 ℃, 722 ℃, 724 ℃, 725 ℃, or the like, for example, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the hot rolling is started after the aluminum alloy ingot is kept at 430-475 ℃ for 3-7 hours, for example, 430-475 ℃, for example, 430 ℃, 435 ℃, 440 ℃, 445 ℃, 450 ℃, 455 ℃, 460 ℃, 465 ℃, 470 ℃, 475 ℃ or the like, for example, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours or 7 hours or the like, but the hot rolling is not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the thickness of the plate obtained by hot rolling is 3-5mm, for example, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm, etc., but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also acceptable.
Specifically, the annealing temperature is 450 to 500 ℃, for example, 450 ℃, 460 ℃, 470 ℃, 480 ℃, 490 ℃, 500 ℃ or the like, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the annealing time is 1.5-5h, for example, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 3.5h, 4h, 4.5h or 5h, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range are also satisfactory.
In the invention, the annealed sheet is cooled in a furnace and then cold-rolled.
Specifically, the thickness of the sheet obtained by cold rolling is 0.7-1.3mm, for example, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm or 1.3mm, etc., but the sheet is not limited to the listed values, and other non-listed values within the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the solution treatment includes an end solution treatment and a middle solution treatment.
In the invention, the end solid solution treatment and the middle solid solution treatment of the solid solution treatment can be carried out separately or simultaneously, and the end solid solution treatment and the middle solid solution treatment can be carried out simultaneously to realize the partition of the treatment positions by adopting materials such as heat insulation plates and the like, so as to adapt to different treatment temperatures and treatment times, and an exemplary schematic diagram of an air cushion type continuous heat treatment furnace is shown in fig. 1, and the air cushion type continuous heat treatment furnace comprises a furnace body 1, a heat insulation plate 2, a non-heat insulation region 3 and an aluminum alloy 4, namely, the furnace body is divided into different regions by adopting the heat insulation plate 2, and further, the different solid solution treatments of different positions of the aluminum alloy 4 are realized.
In the present invention, the end portions refer to a region extending laterally from the left and right ends of the aluminum plate toward the middle of the aluminum plate while passing through the air-cushion type continuous heat treatment furnace, which can be achieved by the left and right spaces separated by the partition plate in the heat treatment furnace. In order to ensure that the effect of varying the yield strength is achieved without compromising the overall performance of the aluminium sheet, the end zone width is illustratively recommended to be in the range 150mm to 500mm, illustratively 150mm,200mm,300mm,400mm or 500mm etc., but is not limited to the values recited, other non-recited values within this range being satisfactory.
Further, the width of the end portion can be reasonably selected according to practical needs, and the width of the end portion is a distance extending towards the center of the plate along the edge of the plate or the upper base line of the plate but not reaching the center. As illustrated by a rectangular plate, starting with two sides of the rectangle, the two sides are extended in parallel to the center of the plate at the same time, so as to form two strip-shaped areas, namely the end 5 of the invention, and the area formed by two lines with the end close to the center is the middle 6, as shown in fig. 2; at the same time, the end portions 5 are formed starting at a certain distance from the edge of the sheet material as shown in fig. 3, and the area between the two end portions 5 is the middle portion 6.
In the invention, the middle part refers to the middle part of the aluminum alloy, the local area can be realized through a middle space which is separated by a baffle plate in a heat treatment furnace, and the width range of the middle area is the target coil width of the product minus the width of the end area; exemplarily, if the target roll width is 2000mm, the end regions are set to 300mm, the middle region is 1400mm; if the target roll width is 2200mm, the end regions are set to 500mm, and the middle region is 1200mm.
Specifically, the temperature of the end portion solution treatment may be 530 to 550 ℃, for example, 530 ℃, 532 ℃, 534 ℃, 536 ℃, 538 ℃, 540 ℃, 542 ℃, 544 ℃, 546 ℃, 548 ℃, 550 ℃, or the like, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not mentioned in the above range are also acceptable.
Specifically, the end portion solution treatment time is 10-13min, for example, 10min, 10.5min, 11min, 11.5min, 12min, 12.5min or 13min, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the relationship between the temperature Tc and the time tz of the intermediate solution treatment is tz=0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 ×tc+400.29, time tz=6.7-7.3 min, for example, 6.7min, 6.8min, 6.9min, 7min, 7.1min, 7.2min or 7.3min, etc., but not limited to the values recited, other values not recited in this range are also satisfactory.
In the invention, when calculating according to the relational expression, the unit is not substituted, and only the number is substituted, wherein the value obtained by the tz corresponding to the number of minutes is Tc corresponding to the temperature value.
Specifically, the aging treatment temperature may be 150 to 175 ℃, for example, 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, or the like, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also acceptable.
Specifically, the aging treatment time is 1-6min, for example, 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min, 5min or 6min, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the room temperature standing temperature is 40 ℃ or lower, and may be 40 ℃,30 ℃,20 ℃, 10 ℃,5 ℃ or the like, for example, but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the standing time at room temperature is not less than 72 hours, for example, 72 hours, 74 hours, 76 hours, 78 hours, 80 hours, 85 hours, 90 hours or 95 hours, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range are also satisfactory.
In order to further clarify the excellent performance of the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength, the invention is illustrated by adopting specific examples, and the specific examples are as follows:
example 1
The embodiment provides an aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance for a variable yield strength automobile body inner plate, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.55% of Si, 0.10% of Mn, 0.55% of Mg, 0.04% of Fe, 0.07% of Cu, 0.02% of Cr, 0.05% of Zn, 0.05% of Ti, 0.01% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: the aluminum alloy cast ingot with variable yield strength is obtained by adopting a conventional semi-continuous casting process, and the specific process comprises the following steps: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging into a furnace and smelting at high temperature to obtain a raw material solution; after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting after cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(2) And (3) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (1) to 455 ℃, and carrying out hot rolling after heat preservation for 5 hours to obtain a hot rolled thick plate with the thickness of 4.5 mm;
(3) Annealing: the hot rolled plate in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature of 25 ℃ along with a furnace after heat preservation for 3.5 hours at 475 ℃ to obtain an annealed hot rolled plate;
(4) Cold rolling: cold rolling the annealed hot-rolled sheet in the step (3) to obtain a cold-rolled sheet with the thickness of 0.8mm;
(5) Solution treatment: carrying out special solution treatment on the cold-rolled sheet in the step (4) by utilizing an improved air cushion type continuous solid melting furnace, wherein the solution treatment temperature at two ends is 545 ℃, and the solution treatment time is 11.5min; intermediate partThe solution treatment temperature Tc of the part was 545 ℃, the solution time tz was 6.8min, and the solution treatment temperature Tc was consistent with tz=0.0013×Tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, and finally cooling to room temperature of 25deg.C by water quenching;
(6) Aging treatment: aging the rolled plate subjected to the solution treatment in the step (5) to form an aged rolled plate; aging at 165 deg.C for 3min, and air cooling to room temperature of 25deg.C;
(7) And (3) standing at room temperature: the rolled plate after the pre-ageing treatment treated in the step (6) is placed for 72 hours at the room temperature of 25 ℃ and can be used for deformation behaviors such as stamping, bending and the like.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance for a variable yield strength automobile body inner plate, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.45% of Si, 0.05% of Mn, 0.45% of Mg, 0.03% of Fe, 0.05% of Cu, 0.01% of Cr, 0.08% of Zn, 0.01% of Ti, 0.05% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: the aluminum alloy cast ingot with variable yield strength is obtained by adopting a conventional semi-continuous casting process, and the specific process comprises the following steps: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging into a furnace and smelting at high temperature to obtain a raw material solution; after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting after cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(2) And (3) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (1) to 430 ℃, and carrying out hot rolling after heat preservation for 3 hours to obtain a hot-rolled thick plate with the thickness of 3mm;
(3) Intermediate annealing: the hot rolled plate in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature of 30 ℃ along with a furnace after heat preservation for 1.5 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain an annealed hot rolled plate;
(4) Cold rolling: cold rolling the annealed hot-rolled sheet in the step (3) to obtain a cold-rolled sheet with a thickness of 1.3mm;
(5) Solution treatment: carrying out special solution treatment on the cold-rolled sheet in the step (4) by utilizing an improved air cushion type continuous solid melting furnace, wherein the solution treatment temperature of two ends is 540 ℃, and the solution treatment temperature is 540 DEG CThe time is 10min; the solution treatment temperature Tc of the middle part is 540 ℃, the solution time tz is 6.9min, and the solution treatment temperature Tc is consistent with tz=0.0013×Tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, and finally cooling to room temperature of 30deg.C by water quenching;
(6) Pre-ageing: carrying out pre-ageing treatment on the rolled plate subjected to the solution treatment in the step (5) to form a rolled plate subjected to the pre-ageing treatment; the pre-ageing treatment temperature is 150 ℃ and the time is 2min, and finally the mixture is cooled to room temperature of 30 ℃ through air;
(7) And (3) standing at room temperature: the rolled plate after the pre-ageing treatment treated in the step (6) is placed for 72 hours at the room temperature of 30 ℃ and can be used for deformation behaviors such as stamping, bending and the like.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance for a variable yield strength automobile body inner plate, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.55% of Si, 0.10% of Mn, 0.55% of Mg, 0.04% of Fe, 0.07% of Cu, 0.02% of Cr, 0.05% of Zn, 0.05% of Ti, 0.02% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: the aluminum alloy cast ingot with variable yield strength is obtained by adopting a conventional semi-continuous casting process, and the specific process comprises the following steps: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging into a furnace and smelting at high temperature to obtain a raw material solution; after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting after cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(2) And (3) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (1) to 475 ℃, and carrying out hot rolling after heat preservation for 7 hours to obtain a hot-rolled thick plate with the thickness of 5 mm;
(3) Annealing: the hot rolled plate in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature of 40 ℃ along with a furnace after heat preservation for 5 hours at 450 ℃ to obtain an annealed hot rolled plate;
(4) Cold rolling: cold rolling the annealed hot-rolled sheet in the step (3) to obtain a cold-rolled sheet with a thickness of 1.1mm;
(5) Solution treatment: carrying out special solution treatment on the cold-rolled sheet in the step (4) by utilizing an improved air cushion type continuous solid melting furnace, wherein the solution treatment is carried out at the solution positions at two endsThe temperature is 550 ℃, and the solid solution time is 13min; the solution treatment temperature Tc of the middle part is 550 ℃, the solution time tz is 6.765min, and the solution treatment temperature Tc is consistent with tz=0.0013×Tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, and finally cooling to room temperature of 40 ℃ by water quenching;
(6) Aging treatment: aging the rolled plate subjected to the solution treatment in the step (5) to form an aged rolled plate; aging treatment temperature is 175 ℃ for 6min, and finally cooling to room temperature of 40 ℃ through air;
(7) And (3) standing at room temperature: the rolled plate after the pre-ageing treatment treated in the step (6) is placed for 72 hours at the room temperature of 40 ℃ and can be used for deformation behaviors such as stamping, bending and the like.
Comparative example 1:
the comparative example provides a 6016 aluminum plate for a common automobile body, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.04% of Si, 0.10% of Mn, 0.60% of Mg, 0.15% of Zr, 0.04% of Fe, 0.07% of Cu, 0.02% of Cr, 0.05% of Zn and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the 6016 aluminum plate for the common automobile body comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: the aluminum alloy cast ingot with variable yield strength is obtained by adopting a conventional semi-continuous casting process, and the specific process comprises the following steps: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging into a furnace and smelting at high temperature to obtain a raw material solution; after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting after cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(2) And (3) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (1) to 455 ℃, and carrying out hot rolling after heat preservation for 5 hours to obtain a hot rolled thick plate with the thickness of 4.5 mm;
(3) Annealing: the hot rolled plate in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature of 25 ℃ along with a furnace after heat preservation for 3.5 hours at 475 ℃ to obtain an annealed hot rolled plate;
(4) Cold rolling: cold rolling the annealed hot-rolled sheet in the step (3) to obtain a cold-rolled sheet with the thickness of 0.8mm;
(5) Solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the cold-rolled plate in the step (4), wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 535 ℃, the time is 14min, and finally, cooling to the room temperature of 25 ℃ through water quenching;
(6) Aging treatment: aging the rolled plate subjected to the solution treatment in the step (5) to form an aged rolled plate; aging at 165 deg.C for 8min, and air cooling to room temperature of 25deg.C;
(7) And (3) standing at room temperature: the rolled plate after the pre-ageing treatment treated in the step (6) is placed for 72 hours at the room temperature of 25 ℃ and can be used for deformation behaviors such as stamping, bending and the like.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is only that the mass percentage of silicon is 1%.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is only that the mass percentage of silicon is 0.1%.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 was only that the solution treatment temperature at both ends was 450 ℃.
Comparative example 5
The only difference from example 1 is that the solution treatment temperature at both ends was 650 ℃.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is only that the temperature of the intermediate treatment is 550 ℃, i.e. the relationship is not satisfied.
Comparative example 7
The difference from example 1 is only that the intermediate treatment temperature is 480 ℃, i.e. the relationship is not satisfied.
Carrying out a mechanical property comparison test on the aluminum alloy plates obtained in each example and comparative example, wherein the room temperature mechanical property test method is as follows in section 1 of the GB/T228.1 Metal Material tensile test: room temperature test method 1, bake hardening performance test method according to GB/T33227 automobile aluminum and aluminum alloy plate strip, test sample according to GB/T16865 deformed aluminum, magnesium alloy and its alloy processed product tensile test sample and method, standard distance rectangular P003 type test sample is obtained, room temperature mechanical performance test result statistics are shown in Table 1, bake hardening performance test result statistics are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
It can be seen from both tables 1 and 2 that the examples, which are mainly obtained by means of scientific and quantifiable parameter adjustment of the solid solution temperature and the solid solution time, have significantly reduced yield strength compared to the comparative examples, and that the plasticity-related indicators, such as elongation after break, n-value and r-value, remain quite horizontal and are not attenuated.
It can be seen that the material properties of examples 1, 2 and 3 have little difference and good stability, and the subsequent verification test can be performed by taking example 1 as a representative. The performance of the traditional aluminum plate is the performance of the traditional aluminum plate, the material performance of the comparative example 6 is smaller than that of the comparative example 1, the material performance of the comparative examples 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 is poor, and the stamping analysis of parts required by subsequent tests cannot be met, so that the aluminum alloy plates obtained in the example 1 and the comparative example 1 are finally used for respectively manufacturing the inner plate of a front cover assembly of a certain vehicle type, the inner plate structure is identical, and finally the front cover assembly is assembled with other parts, pedestrian protection head tests are respectively carried out, the test method is simplified by referring to the Euro NCAP requirement of the latest version, the injury values of 48 points are counted and colored to form injury distribution diagrams respectively shown in fig. 4 and 5, 7 is red, 8 is yellow, 9 is green, the red area score is 0 score, the yellow area score is 1 score, the green area score is 2 score, and the final statistical analysis result is shown in table 3.
As can be seen from a comparison of fig. 4 and fig. 5, after the aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance is used for the variable yield strength vehicle body inner plate, the pedestrian protection head injury value distribution is obviously improved due to the lower yield strength in the middle part.
TABLE 3 Table 3
From table 3, it can be seen that the injury value of the part made of the aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance for the variable yield automobile body inner plate is 64 points, and the injury effect is improved by 33.3% compared with that of the common aluminum plate scheme.
It is stated that the detailed structural features of the present invention are described by the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, i.e., it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope of the present invention and the scope of the disclosure.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.
Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A variable yield strength aluminum alloy, comprising, in mass percent:
0.45-0.7% of Si, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.45-0.65% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements, and the balance of Al;
in the solid solution treatment for preparing the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength: solid solution of endThe treatment temperature is 530-550 ℃, and the solution treatment time of the end part is 10-13min; the relation between the solid solution temperature Tc and the solid solution time tz in the middle part is tz=0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, solid solution time tz=6.7-7.3 min; the temperature of the end portion solution treatment is the same as the temperature of the middle portion solution treatment.
2. The variable yield strength aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the variable yield strength aluminum alloy comprises, in mass percent:
0.55 to 0.7 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Mn, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of impurity element, and the balance of Al.
3. A method of producing the variable yield strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 2, comprising:
and (3) preparing materials according to the mass percentage of each component, adopting a semi-continuous casting process to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot with variable yield strength, and then sequentially carrying out hot rolling, annealing, cold rolling, solution treatment, aging treatment and standing at room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy with variable yield strength.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the hot rolling is started after the aluminum alloy ingot is kept at 430-475 ℃ for 3-7 hours;
the thickness of the plate obtained by hot rolling is 3-5mm.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the annealing is performed at a temperature of 450 ℃ to 500 ℃;
the heat preservation time of the annealing is 1.5-5h.
6. A method according to claim 3, wherein the cold rolled sheet has a thickness of 0.7-1.3mm.
7. A method of preparing as claimed in claim 3, wherein the solution treatment comprises an end solution treatment and a middle solution treatment;
the temperature of the end solid solution treatment is 530-550 ℃;
the time of the end solid solution treatment is 10-13min;
the relationship between the temperature Tc and the time tz of the middle solid solution treatment is tz=0.0013×Tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, time tz=6.7-7.3 min.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the aging treatment is at a temperature of 150-175 ℃;
the aging treatment time is 1-6min.
9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the mixture at room temperature is 40 ℃ or less;
the standing time at room temperature is more than or equal to 72 hours.
10. Use of the variable yield strength aluminum alloy of claim 1 or 2, wherein the use comprises preparing an automotive front cover from the variable yield strength aluminum alloy.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2004076065A (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-03-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Automobile aluminum alloy panel |
| JP2011017063A (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-27 | Furukawa-Sky Aluminum Corp | Method for manufacturing blank to be cold-press-formed of aluminum alloy sheet, cold press-forming method by using the same, and formed article |
| CN108385043A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-08-10 | 东北大学 | A kind of preparation method of 6016 aluminum alloy plate materials of body of a motor car |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004076065A (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-03-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Automobile aluminum alloy panel |
| JP2011017063A (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-27 | Furukawa-Sky Aluminum Corp | Method for manufacturing blank to be cold-press-formed of aluminum alloy sheet, cold press-forming method by using the same, and formed article |
| CN108385043A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-08-10 | 东北大学 | A kind of preparation method of 6016 aluminum alloy plate materials of body of a motor car |
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