CN117512417A - Aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117512417A CN117512417A CN202311593569.9A CN202311593569A CN117512417A CN 117512417 A CN117512417 A CN 117512417A CN 202311593569 A CN202311593569 A CN 202311593569A CN 117512417 A CN117512417 A CN 117512417A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 52
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010019196 Head injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.45-0.7% of Si, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.45-0.65% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements, and the balance of Al; the temperature and time for carrying out solution treatment in the preparation are as follows: t (min) =0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 XTc+ 400.29. The aluminum alloy provided by the invention adopts a specific solid solution place through adjusting the formula of the aluminum alloyThe combination of the management system ensures the elongation of the aluminum alloy and meets the requirements when the aluminum alloy is used as an automobile plate under the condition of reducing the yield strength of the obtained aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile body materials, in particular to an aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
At present, the aluminum alloy automobile plate for the automobile body mainly comprises a 2-series aluminum alloy, a 5-series aluminum alloy and a 6-series aluminum alloy, and the 6-series aluminum alloy has good corrosion resistance and baking finish hardening performance compared with the 2-series aluminum alloy and the 5-series aluminum alloy respectively, so the 6-series aluminum alloy becomes the main application flow of the aluminum alloy automobile plate. The 6-series aluminum alloy for the inner plate of the automobile body panel adopts the most 6016 aluminum alloy with better forming performance, the 6016 aluminum alloy has lower yield strength after solid solution and water quenching, good stamping performance, and the strength is improved in the subsequent baking varnish treatment process, and the excellent stamping formability and the stronger baking varnish hardening capacity of the aluminum alloy are very in line with the requirements of the automobile body panel.
The invention discloses a preparation method of 6016 aluminum alloy plate for an automobile body, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing 6016 aluminum alloy cast ingot; (2) Heating 6016 aluminum alloy cast ingot to 440-490 ℃ for heat preservation and hot rolling to prepare a hot rolled plate; (3) Heat-preserving the hot rolled plate at 470-550 ℃ for 2-6 hours, and cooling the hot rolled plate to room temperature; (4) cold rolling to obtain a cold-rolled sheet; (5) carrying out solid solution treatment; (6) standing at room temperature for 5-30min; (7) carrying out pre-ageing treatment; and (8) standing the pre-aged rolled plate at room temperature for more than 4 weeks.
However, with the continuous upgrade of the automobile collision regulations, the requirements for pedestrian protection performance of automobiles are continuously improved, and the damage value of each collision point is required to be further reduced. Therefore, if the current common 6016 aluminum plate is continuously adopted, in order to meet the requirements of collision regulations, the structural design difficulty of parts and the arrangement difficulty of a front cabin are greatly increased, and in some cases, the requirements of regulations may not be met finally. Therefore, the automobile industry provides requirements for improving the performance of pedestrian protection functions for automobile panel inner plates, in particular automobile front cover inner plate materials.
The improved pedestrian protection function is that when the vehicle collides with a pedestrian, the aluminum alloy automobile plate can quickly respond to yield, but is not damaged, at the moment, the further reduction of the yield strength of the material, the further improvement of the elongation and the further improvement of the pedestrian protection effect of the part are ensured. However, the existing 6016 aluminum alloy has higher yield strength, which is unfavorable for rapid yielding so as to protect pedestrians.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance, and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems that the current 6016 aluminum alloy is high in yield strength and unfavorable for rapid yielding, thereby protecting pedestrians.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.45-0.7% of Si, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.45-0.65% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements, and the balance of Al;
the temperature and time for carrying out solution treatment in the preparation of the aluminum alloy for improving the pedestrian protection performance satisfy the following conditions: t=0.0013×tc 2 -1.4305×Tc+400.29。
According to the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance, provided by the invention, the aluminum alloy formula is adjusted and a specific solution treatment system is adopted, so that the elongation of the aluminum alloy is ensured under the condition of reducing the yield strength of the obtained aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy is ensured to meet the requirements when being used as an automobile plate.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the aluminum alloy for improving the pedestrian protection performance comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.5 to 0.6 percent of Si, 0.08 to 0.1 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 0.6 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity element, and the balance of Al.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing an aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance according to the first aspect, the method comprising:
and (3) preparing materials according to a formula, adopting a semi-continuous casting process to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot for improving the pedestrian protection performance, and sequentially carrying out hot rolling, annealing, cold rolling, solution treatment, aging treatment and standing at room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy for improving the pedestrian protection performance.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the hot rolling is started after the aluminum alloy ingot is kept at 435-475 ℃ for 3-7 hours.
Preferably, the thickness of the hot rolled sheet is 3-5mm.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the annealing temperature is 460-490 ℃.
Preferably, the annealing is carried out for a holding time of 1.5-5 hours.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the sheet obtained after annealing is cooled along with a furnace and then subjected to cold rolling.
Preferably, the thickness of the sheet obtained by the cold rolling is 0.7-1.3mm.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the temperature Tc of the solution treatment is 470-550 ℃.
Preferably, the time t of the solution treatment is 3-13min.
Preferably, the temperature and time of the solution treatment are as follows: t=0.0013×tc 2 -1.4305×Tc+400.29。
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the temperature of the aging treatment is 150-175 ℃.
Preferably, the aging treatment is carried out for 1-6min.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the temperature of standing at room temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃.
Preferably, the standing time at room temperature is more than or equal to 72 hours.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a use of the aluminum alloy for pedestrian protection as described in the first aspect, the use comprising preparing an inner front cover panel using the aluminum alloy for pedestrian protection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention ensures the Mg by strictly regulating and controlling the content of Si element and Mg element in the 6-series aluminum alloy 2 The Si phase is precipitated orderly in a certain amount, not sufficiently, so that a reduction in yield strength is achieved to some extent.
(2) The low yield strength of the aluminum plate can be realized by processing according to the temperature and time parameters determined by the relation formula of the solid solution temperature and the solid solution time, and the original plasticity is not reduced, because the higher solid solution temperature and the longer solid solution time enable the solid solution in the solid solution to be fully dissolved in the alpha matrix in the solid solution processing procedure, so that the higher mechanical property is obtained, and the too low solid solution temperature and the too short solid solution time can lead to the excessive undissolved solid solution, so that the strength, the hardness and the elongation of the aluminum plate are deteriorated.
(3) The performance indexes of the aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance for the vehicle body inner plate, which is prepared by the invention, are as follows: r is R p0.2 ≥65MPa，R m ≥132MPa，A 80mm ≥23.5％，n 4～6 ≥0.29，r 8～12 Not less than 0.64; the performance indexes after baking varnish treatment are as follows: r is R p0.2 ≥113MPa，R m ≥175MPa，A 80mm ≥16％。
(4) According to the automobile front cover assembly made of the aluminum plate for improving the pedestrian protection performance for the automobile body inner plate, after the pedestrian protection head impact test, the damage values of all collision points are extracted, summarized and scored, and the result analysis shows that the damage values of the pedestrian heads are generally and obviously reduced after the aluminum plate for improving the pedestrian protection performance for the automobile body inner plate is adopted, the pedestrian protection score is calculated, and the pedestrian protection effect is improved by 31.25% compared with that of the traditional original 6016 aluminum plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of pedestrian protection head injury distribution obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the pedestrian protection head injury distribution obtained in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-red, 2-yellow, 3-green.
The present invention will be described in further detail below. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to represent or limit the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Detailed Description
For a better illustration of the present invention, which is convenient for understanding the technical solution of the present invention, exemplary but non-limiting examples of the present invention are as follows:
the embodiment provides an aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.45-0.7% of Si, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.45-0.65% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements, and the balance of Al.
In the present invention, the content of Si in the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance is 0.45-0.7% by mass, for example, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65% or 0.7% by mass, but the present invention is not limited to the listed values, and other non-listed values in the range are also satisfactory.
In the present invention, the Mn content of the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance is 0.05-0.15% by mass, for example, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.14% or 0.15% by mass, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range are also satisfactory.
In the present invention, the Mg content of the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance is 0.45-0.65% by mass, for example, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6% or 0.65%, etc., but not limited to the listed values, and other non-listed values in the range are also satisfactory.
In the present invention, the Fe content of the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance is 0.1% or less by mass, for example, 0.1%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.02%, or 0.01%, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also satisfactory.
In the present invention, cu in the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance is not more than 0.1% by mass, and may be, for example, 0.1%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.02%, or 0.01%, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range are also satisfactory.
In the present invention, the Cr content of the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance is 0.04% or less by mass, for example, 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02% or 0.01%, etc., but the present invention is not limited to the listed values, and other non-listed values in the range are also satisfactory.
In the present invention, the Zn content of the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance is 0.1% or less by mass, for example, 0.1%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.02%, or 0.01%, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also satisfactory.
In the present invention, the Ti content of the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance is 0.1% or less by mass, for example, 0.1%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.02% or 0.01% or the like, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also satisfactory.
In the present invention, the impurity element in the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance is not more than 0.15% by mass, for example, 0.15%, 0.14%, 0.13%, 0.12%, 0.11% or 0.1% by mass, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.5 to 0.6 percent of Si, 0.08 to 0.1 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 0.6 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity element, and the balance of Al.
Further, the invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) preparing materials according to a formula, adopting a semi-continuous casting process to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot for improving the pedestrian protection performance, and sequentially carrying out hot rolling, annealing, cold rolling, solution treatment, aging treatment and standing at room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy for improving the pedestrian protection performance.
Illustratively, the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by the semi-continuous casting process for improving the pedestrian protection performance can be specifically: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging and smelting are carried out to obtain a raw material solution; and after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot after cooling.
Further, other aluminum alloy preparation processes in the art can also be used to prepare aluminum alloy ingots meeting the requirements of the invention.
The melting temperature may be 700 to 730 ℃, for example, 700 ℃, 705 ℃, 710 ℃, 715 ℃, 720 ℃, 725 ℃, 730 ℃ or the like, but the melting temperature is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also satisfactory.
The temperature of the furnace refining is 710 to 725 ℃, and may be 710 ℃, 712 ℃, 714 ℃, 716 ℃, 718 ℃, 720 ℃, 722 ℃, 724 ℃, 725 ℃, or the like, for example, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the hot rolling is started after the aluminum alloy ingot is kept at 435 to 475 ℃ for 3 to 7 hours, and may be performed at 435 ℃, 440 ℃, 445 ℃, 450 ℃, 455 ℃, 460 ℃, 465 ℃, 470 ℃, 475 ℃ or the like, for example, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours or 7 hours, but the hot rolling is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other non-mentioned values within the above range are also acceptable.
Specifically, the thickness of the plate obtained by hot rolling is 3-5mm, for example, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm, etc., but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also acceptable.
Specifically, the annealing temperature is 460-490 ℃, for example 460 ℃, 470 ℃, 480 ℃, 490 ℃ or the like, but is not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the annealing time is 1.5-5h, for example, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 3.5h, 4h, 4.5h or 5h, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range are also satisfactory.
In the invention, the annealed sheet is cooled in a furnace and then cold-rolled.
Specifically, the thickness of the sheet obtained by cold rolling is 0.7-1.3mm, for example, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm or 1.3mm, etc., but the sheet is not limited to the listed values, and other non-listed values within the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the temperature Tc of the solution treatment is 470-550 ℃, and may be 470 ℃, 480 ℃, 490 ℃, 500 ℃, 510 ℃, 520 ℃, 530 ℃, 540 ℃, 550 ℃, or the like, for example, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also acceptable.
Specifically, the solution treatment time t is 3-13min, for example, 3min, 4min, 6min, 8min, 10min, 12min or 13min, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the temperature and time of the solution treatment satisfy: t=0.0013×tc 2 -1.4305×Tc+400.29。
In the invention, when the calculation is carried out according to the relational expression, the unit is not substituted, and the number is substituted, wherein the value corresponding to t is the number of minutes, and Tc is the corresponding temperature value.
Specifically, the aging treatment temperature may be 150 to 175 ℃, for example, 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, or the like, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also acceptable.
Specifically, the aging treatment time is 1-6min, for example, 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min, 5min or 6min, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the room temperature standing temperature is 40 ℃ or lower, and may be 40 ℃, 30 ℃, 20 ℃, 10 ℃, 5 ℃ or the like, for example, but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are also satisfactory.
Specifically, the standing time at room temperature is not less than 72 hours, for example, 72 hours, 74 hours, 76 hours, 78 hours, 80 hours, 85 hours, 90 hours or 95 hours, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range are also satisfactory.
In order to further clarify that the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance provided by the invention is provided with specific examples, the specific examples are as follows:
example 1
The embodiment provides an aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance for a vehicle body inner plate, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si 0.55%, mn 0.10%, mg 0.55%, fe 0.04%, cu 0.07%, cr0.02%, zn 0.05%, ti 0.05%, and the balance Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: the aluminum alloy cast ingot for improving the pedestrian protection performance is obtained by adopting a conventional semi-continuous casting process, and the specific process comprises the following steps: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging into a furnace and smelting at high temperature to obtain a raw material solution; after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting after cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(2) And (3) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (1) to 455 ℃, and carrying out hot rolling after heat preservation for 5 hours to obtain a hot rolled thick plate with the thickness of 4.5 mm;
(3) Annealing: the hot rolled plate in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature along with a furnace after heat preservation for 3.5 hours at 475 ℃ to obtain an annealed hot rolled plate;
(4) Cold rolling: cold-rolling the annealed hot-rolled sheet in (3) to obtain a cold-rolled sheet with a thickness of 0.8mm;
(5) Solution treatment: subjecting the cold-rolled sheet of (4) to solution treatment, wherein the solution temperature and the solution time are determined according to the relationship t (min) =0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, determined as: solid solutionThe treatment temperature is 520 ℃ and the treatment time is 8min, and finally the mixture is cooled to room temperature through water quenching;
(6) Aging treatment: aging the rolled plate subjected to the solution treatment in the step (5) to form an aged rolled plate; aging at 165 ℃ for 8min, and finally cooling to room temperature by air;
(7) And (3) standing at room temperature: the rolled plate after the pre-ageing treatment treated in the step (6) is placed for 72 hours at the room temperature of 15 ℃ and can be used for deformation behaviors such as stamping, bending and the like.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance for a vehicle body inner plate, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si 0.55%, mn 0.10%, mg 0.55%, fe 0.04%, cu 0.07%, cr0.02%, zn 0.05%, ti 0.05%, and the balance Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: the aluminum alloy cast ingot for improving the pedestrian protection performance is obtained by adopting a conventional semi-continuous casting process, and the specific process comprises the following steps: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging into a furnace and smelting at high temperature to obtain a raw material solution; after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting after cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(2) And (3) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (1) to 455 ℃, and carrying out hot rolling after heat preservation for 5 hours to obtain a hot rolled thick plate with the thickness of 4.5 mm;
(3) Annealing: the hot rolled plate in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature along with a furnace after heat preservation for 3.5 hours at 475 ℃ to obtain an annealed hot rolled plate;
(4) Cold rolling: cold-rolling the annealed hot-rolled sheet in (3) to obtain a cold-rolled sheet with a thickness of 0.8mm;
(5) Solution treatment: subjecting the cold-rolled sheet of (4) to solution treatment, wherein the solution temperature and the solution time are determined according to the relationship t (min) =0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, determined as: the temperature of the solution treatment is 500 ℃ and the time is 10min, and finally the solution treatment is cooled to room temperature through water quenching;
(6) Aging treatment: aging the rolled plate subjected to the solution treatment in the step (5) to form an aged rolled plate; aging at 165 ℃ for 8min, and finally cooling to room temperature by air;
(7) And (3) standing at room temperature: the rolled plate after the pre-ageing treatment treated in the step (6) is placed for 72 hours at the room temperature of 35 ℃ and can be used for deformation behaviors such as stamping, bending and the like.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance for a vehicle body inner plate, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si 0.45%, mn 0.15%, mg 0.45%, fe 0.02%, cu 0.05%, cr0.04%, zn 0.03%, ti 0.03%, and the balance Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: the aluminum alloy cast ingot for improving the pedestrian protection performance is obtained by adopting a conventional semi-continuous casting process, and the specific process comprises the following steps: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging into a furnace and smelting at high temperature to obtain a raw material solution; after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting after cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(2) And (3) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (1) to 435 ℃, and carrying out hot rolling after heat preservation for 7 hours to obtain a hot-rolled thick plate with the thickness of 3mm;
(3) Annealing: the hot rolled plate in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature along with a furnace after heat preservation for 5 hours at 460 ℃ to obtain an annealed hot rolled plate;
(4) Cold rolling: cold-rolling the annealed hot-rolled sheet in (3) to obtain a cold-rolled sheet with a thickness of 1.3mm;
(5) Solution treatment: subjecting the cold-rolled sheet of (4) to solution treatment, wherein the solution temperature and the solution time are determined according to the relationship t (min) =0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, determined as: the temperature of the solution treatment is 490 ℃ and the time is 11.5min, and finally the solution treatment is cooled to room temperature through water quenching;
(6) Aging treatment: aging the rolled plate subjected to the solution treatment in the step (5) to form an aged rolled plate; aging treatment temperature is 150 ℃ for 6min, and finally cooling to room temperature by air;
(7) And (3) standing at room temperature: the rolled plate after the pre-ageing treatment treated in the step (6) is placed for 72 hours at the room temperature of 30 ℃ and can be used for deformation behaviors such as stamping, bending and the like.
Example 4
The embodiment provides an aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance for a vehicle body inner plate, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si 0.7%, mn 0.05%, mg 0.65%, fe 0.03%, cu 0.02%, cr0.01%, zn 0.08%, ti 0.08%, and the balance Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: the aluminum alloy cast ingot for improving the pedestrian protection performance is obtained by adopting a conventional semi-continuous casting process, and the specific process comprises the following steps: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging into a furnace and smelting at high temperature to obtain a raw material solution; after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting after cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(2) And (3) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (1) to 475 ℃, and carrying out hot rolling after heat preservation for 3 hours to obtain a hot-rolled thick plate with the thickness of 5 mm;
(3) Annealing: the hot rolled plate in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature along with a furnace after heat preservation for 1.5 hours at 490 ℃ to obtain an annealed hot rolled plate;
(4) Cold rolling: cold-rolling the annealed hot-rolled sheet in (3) to obtain a cold-rolled sheet with a thickness of 1mm;
(5) Solution treatment: subjecting the cold-rolled sheet of (4) to solution treatment, wherein the solution temperature and the solution time are determined according to the relationship t (min) =0.0013×tc 2 1.4305 ×Tc+400.29, determined as: the temperature of the solution treatment is 510 ℃ and the time is 8.9min, and finally the solution treatment is cooled to room temperature through water quenching;
(6) Aging treatment: aging the rolled plate subjected to the solution treatment in the step (5) to form an aged rolled plate; aging treatment temperature is 175 ℃ for 1min, and finally cooling to room temperature by air;
(7) And (3) standing at room temperature: the rolled plate after the pre-ageing treatment treated in the step (6) is placed for 72 hours at the room temperature of 25 ℃ and can be used for deformation behaviors such as stamping, bending and the like.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a 6016 aluminum plate for a common automobile body, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si:1.04%, mn:0.10%, mg:0.60%, zr:0.15%, fe:0.04%, cu:0.07%, cr:0.02%, zn:0.05%, the balance being Al.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) casting: the aluminum alloy cast ingot for improving the pedestrian protection performance is obtained by adopting a conventional semi-continuous casting process, and the specific process comprises the following steps: after the aluminum alloy raw materials are proportioned, charging into a furnace and smelting at high temperature to obtain a raw material solution; after adding the intermediate alloy additive, refining in a furnace and degassing on line, and casting after cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(2) And (3) hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (1) to 455 ℃, and carrying out hot rolling after heat preservation for 5 hours to obtain a hot rolled thick plate with the thickness of 4.5 mm;
(3) Annealing: the hot rolled plate in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature along with a furnace after heat preservation for 3.5 hours at 475 ℃ to obtain an annealed hot rolled plate;
(4) Cold rolling: cold-rolling the annealed hot-rolled sheet in (3) to obtain a cold-rolled sheet with a thickness of 0.8mm;
(5) Solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the cold-rolled plate in the step (4), wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 535 ℃, the time is 14min, and finally, cooling to room temperature through water quenching;
(6) Aging treatment: aging the rolled plate subjected to the solution treatment in the step (5) to form an aged rolled plate; aging at 165 ℃ for 8min, and finally cooling to room temperature by air;
(7) And (3) standing at room temperature: the rolled plate after the pre-ageing treatment treated in the step (6) is placed for 72 hours at room temperature and can be used for deformation behaviors such as stamping, bending and the like.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is only that the mass percentage of silicon element is 1%.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is only that the mass percentage of silicon element is 0.3%.
Comparative example 4
The only difference from example 1 is that the solution treatment time was 20min.
Comparative example 5
The only difference from example 1 is that the temperature of the solution treatment is 550 ℃.
Comparative example 6
The only difference from example 1 is that the solution treatment time was 3min.
Carrying out a mechanical property comparison test on the aluminum alloy plates obtained in each example and comparative example, wherein the room temperature mechanical property test method is as follows in section 1 of the GB/T228.1 Metal Material tensile test: room temperature test method 1, bake hardening performance test method according to GB/T33227 automobile aluminum and aluminum alloy plate strip, test sample according to GB/T16865 deformed aluminum, magnesium alloy and its alloy processed product tensile test sample and method, standard distance rectangular P003 type test sample is obtained, room temperature mechanical performance test result statistics are shown in Table 1, bake hardening performance test result statistics are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1
| Tensile strength of | Yield strength of | Elongation after break | n4～6 | R8～12 | |
| Example 1 | 132MPa | 66MPa | 23.5％ | 0.30 | 0.66 |
| Example 2 | 134MPa | 65MPa | 24.0％ | 0.29 | 0.65 |
| Example 3 | 133MPa | 66MPa | 24.0％ | 0.29 | 0.64 |
| Example 4 | 135MPa | 67MPa | 23.5％ | 0.30 | 0.65 |
| Comparative example 1 | 188MPa | 91MPa | 24.0％ | 0.29 | 0.67 |
| Comparative example 2 | 140MPa | 75MPa | 13.5％ | 0.24 | 0.49 |
| Comparative example 3 | 110MPa | 55MPa | 9.5％ | 0.23 | 0.43 |
| Comparative example 4 | 155MPa | 83MPa | 20.5％ | 0.27 | 0.59 |
| Comparative example 5 | 140MPa | 79MPa | 19.5％ | 0.26 | 0.60 |
| Comparative example 6 | 90MPa | 55MPa | 15.5％ | 0.23 | 0.51 |
TABLE 2
| Scheme for the production of a semiconductor device | Tensile strength of | Yield strength of | Elongation after break |
| Example 1 | 175MPa | 114MPa | 16.5％ |
| Example 2 | 178MPa | 119MPa | 16.0％ |
| Example 3 | 175MPa | 113MPa | 16.0％ |
| Example 4 | 177MPa | 116MPa | 16.5％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 240MPa | 174MPa | 17.0％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 183MPa | 127MPa | 6.5％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 135MPa | 84MPa | 3.5％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 195MPa | 131MPa | 11.5％ |
| Comparative example 5 | 179MPa | 118MPa | 12.0％ |
| Comparative example 6 | 110MPa | 68MPa | 9.5％ |
It can be seen from both tables 1 and 2 that the examples, which are mainly obtained by means of scientific and quantifiable parameter adjustment of the solid solution temperature and the solid solution time, have significantly reduced yield strength compared to the comparative examples, and that the plasticity-related indicators, such as elongation after break, n-value and r-value, remain quite horizontal and are not attenuated.
The aluminum alloy plates obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1 are used to manufacture front cover assembly inner plates of a certain vehicle type respectively, the inner plate structures are identical, after the front cover assembly is assembled with other parts, pedestrian protection head tests are carried out respectively, the test method is simplified by referring to the Euro NCAP requirement of the latest version, injury values of 48 points are counted and colored to form injury distribution diagrams respectively shown in fig. 1 and 2, wherein 1 is red, 2 is yellow and 3 is green, each red area is scored as 0 score, each yellow area is scored as 1 score, each green area is scored as 2 score, and the final statistical analysis result is shown in table 3.
As can be seen from a comparison of fig. 1 and fig. 2, after the aluminum plate for improving pedestrian protection performance for the vehicle body inner plate is adopted, the pedestrian protection head injury value distribution is obviously improved due to the lower yield strength.
TABLE 3 Table 3
From table 3, it can be seen that the damage value of the part made of the aluminum plate for improving the pedestrian protection performance for the vehicle body inner plate is 63, and the damage effect is improved by 31.25% compared with that of the common aluminum plate scheme.
It is stated that the detailed structural features of the present invention are described by the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, i.e., it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope of the present invention and the scope of the disclosure.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.
Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum alloy for improving the pedestrian protection performance is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
0.45-0.7% of Si, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.45-0.65% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements, and the balance of Al;
the temperature and time for carrying out solution treatment in the preparation of the aluminum alloy for improving the pedestrian protection performance satisfy the following conditions: t=0.0013×tc 2 -1.4305×Tc+400.29。
2. The aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection as set forth in claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection includes, in mass percent:
0.5 to 0.6 percent of Si, 0.08 to 0.1 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 0.6 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity element, and the balance of Al.
3. A method for producing the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection performance as set forth in claim 1 or 2, comprising:
and (3) preparing materials according to a formula, adopting a semi-continuous casting process to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot for improving the pedestrian protection performance, and sequentially carrying out hot rolling, annealing, cold rolling, solution treatment, aging treatment and standing at room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy for improving the pedestrian protection performance.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the hot rolling is started after the aluminum alloy ingot is kept at 435 to 475 ℃ for 3 to 7 hours;
preferably, the thickness of the hot rolled sheet is 3-5mm.
5. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the annealing is performed at a temperature of 460-490 ℃;
preferably, the annealing is carried out for a holding time of 1.5-5 hours.
6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the sheet obtained after annealing is cold rolled after furnace cooling;
preferably, the thickness of the sheet obtained by the cold rolling is 0.7-1.3mm.
7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the solution treatment temperature Tc is 470 to 550 ℃;
preferably, the time t of the solution treatment is 3-13min;
preferably, the temperature and time of the solution treatment are as follows: t=0.0013×tc 2 -1.4305×Tc+400.29。
8. The method of any one of claims 3-7, wherein the aging treatment is at a temperature of 150-175 ℃;
preferably, the aging treatment is carried out for 1-6min.
9. The method of any one of claims 3-8, wherein the temperature at which the solution is allowed to stand at room temperature is equal to or less than 40 ℃;
preferably, the standing time at room temperature is more than or equal to 72 hours.
10. Use of the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the use comprises preparing an inner front cover panel using the aluminum alloy for improving pedestrian protection.
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