CN117275821B - 一种耐火低压电缆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请涉及电缆制造技术领域,具体公开了一种耐火低压电缆及其制备方法。一种耐火低压电缆,包括导体线芯、绝缘层、云母层、耐火护套层,所述耐火护套层包括如下重量份原料:聚氯乙烯树脂150‑250份、改性纳米水滑石粉50‑100份、稳定剂1‑5份、增塑剂5‑10份、抗氧化剂3‑5份、润滑剂3‑5份、相容剂5‑10份;所述改性纳米水滑石粉为含铬硅酸铝纤维对纳米水滑石粉插层改性而得。采用本申请得到的低压电缆极限氧指数最高为33.3%,在经过750℃燃烧90min后仍可保持正常导电,具有较高的耐火性,且本申请电缆在燃烧90s内并未出现熔滴现象,提高了低压电缆的耐火性能。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及电缆制造技术领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种耐火低压电缆及其制备方法。
背景技术
电缆是指用于传输电能、信息和实现磁能转换的线材产品,低压电缆是指35kv及以下的电缆。耐火低压电缆是指在电缆火灾事故中,该电缆产品能够在外部火焰依然燃烧的情况下,坚持一定时间的正常运作,保持电线电缆线路完整性并保持线路设备的正常运转。耐火低压电缆被广泛应用于高层建筑、地下铁道、地下街、大型电站及重要的工矿企业等与防火安全和消防救生有关的地方。
相关技术中,耐火低压电缆主要是通过在导体表面绕包云母带,以达到耐火效果,但云母带在燃烧后易硬化脱落,发生火灾时,云母带脱落暴露导体,短时间内便会引起电缆断电,无法继续供电。
发明内容
为了提高低压电缆的耐火性,本申请提供一种耐火低压电缆及其制备方法。
第一方面,本申请提供一种耐火低压电缆,采用如下的技术方案:
一种耐火低压电缆,依次包括导体线芯、绝缘层、云母层、耐火护套;所述耐火护套包括如下重量份原料:聚氯乙烯树脂150-250份、改性纳米水滑石粉50-100份、稳定剂1-5份、增塑剂5-10份、抗氧化剂3-5份、润滑剂3-5份、相容剂5-10份;所述改性纳米水滑石粉为含铬硅酸铝纤维对纳米水滑石粉插层改性而得。
通过采用上述技术方案,电缆依次包括导体线芯、绝缘层、云母层、耐火护套,绝缘层为交联聚乙烯挤包在导体线芯表面,保护导体线芯,和外界绝缘,使电流沿线芯传输,具备耐水、耐潮湿的作用,防止出现导体线芯裸露、造成设备损坏以及超过安全电压的电线对人的危害的情况。其中,云母层使导体线芯与周围环境或相邻导体线芯间相互绝缘,在火灾情况下,可保障导体线芯安全稳定运行,提高低压电缆的耐火性。
耐火护套原料中加入改性纳米水滑石粉,具有透明性好、云母性好和耐候性好的优点,且其具有碱性,可吸收聚氯乙烯热分解释放出来的氯化氢,同时层间的碳酸根离子可与氯离子进行离子交换,具有一直聚氯乙烯自催化分解,稳定聚氯乙烯的效果,从而提高电缆的耐火性。采用含铬硅酸铝纤维插层水滑石粉,含铬硅酸铝纤维容重轻,具有较高的耐火性和隔热性能,可进一步提高水滑石粉的耐火性。
本申请的耐火低压电缆可为单芯、双芯、三芯、四芯、五芯。
作为优选:所述改性纳米水滑石粉具体通过如下操作步骤制备得到:
将含铬硅酸铝纤维和水滑石粉混合均匀,加入乙醇水溶液和十二烷基苯磺酸钠,搅拌均匀,得到改性水滑石粉。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于纳米水滑石粉具有层状结构,加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠后,有机酸根可定向吸附在水滑石粉表面,使水滑石粉具有电荷性,从而阻止纳米水滑石粉团聚,提高插层改性后的水滑石粉的分散均匀性。
作为优选:所述十二烷基苯磺酸钠、含铬硅酸铝纤维和纳米水滑石粉的质量比为1:(1-2):(2-3)。
通过采用上述技术方案,调节十二烷基苯磺酸钠、含铬硅酸铝纤维和纳米水滑石粉的质量比,可进一步提高纳米水滑石粉的改性效果,从而进一步提高纳米水滑石粉的耐火性,从而进一步提高低压电缆的耐火性。
作为优选:所述耐火护套包括如下重量份的原料:双环戊二烯合铁20-30份、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯5-10份。
通过采用上述技术方案,双环戊二烯合铁在燃烧时会发生化学反应,产生铁元素,然后铁元素与氧气、水等物质相互结合生成中间体,中间体在于燃烧过程中的氢氧物质结合,从而达到阻断火焰持续扩散和灭火的功效。加入山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯与双环戊二烯合铁混合,可提高双环戊二烯合铁在耐火护套层原料体系中的分散性,从而进一步提高双环戊二烯合铁在耐火护套层原料中的耐火作用。
作为优选:所述山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯与双环戊二烯合铁的质量比为1:(2-5)。
通过采用上述技术方案,调节山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯与双环戊二烯合铁的质量比,可进一步提高双环戊二烯合铁在耐火护套层原料体系中的分散性。
作为优选:所述云母层为3-8层涂覆有耐火涂层的云母带;所述耐火涂层包括如下重量份的原料:磷酸镧60-80份、磷酸二氢铝20-30份、消泡剂2-3份、流平剂1-3份、水15-30份。
通过采用上述技术方案,在云母带表面涂覆耐火涂层,可进一步提高云母带的耐火性。其中磷酸镧具有优良的耐火能力,可耐2000℃以上的高温。三聚氰胺磷酸盐具有较高的热稳定性,燃烧过程中会产生磷酸盐,其与磷酸镧混合,可进一步提高磷酸镧的耐火性,减缓火焰蔓延并降低火焰的热释放。磷酸二氢铝作为耐火粘结剂加入,提高耐火涂层在云母带表面的抗剥落性能。
作为优选:所述耐火涂层原料中还包括三聚氰胺磷酸盐;所述三聚氰胺磷酸盐与磷酸镧的重量份配比为1:(2.5-3.5)。
通过采用上述技术方案,调节三聚氰胺磷酸盐与磷酸镧的重量份配比,可进一步提高耐火涂层的耐火性。
作为优选:所述导体线芯为铜线芯;所述铜线芯为圆形或异形。
通过采用上述技术方案,铜线芯可为圆形或异形,其中异形可为扁平方形,螺旋式或环形等形状,异形的导体线缆绞合后结构更为紧密稳定,具有散热优势,但圆形铜线芯的信号屏蔽效果更佳,两者皆有优势,可根据实际生产需要进行调整。
第二方面,本申请提供一种耐火低压电缆的制备方法,采用如下的技术方案:
一种耐火低压电缆的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将耐火护套原料混合、密炼、挤出造粒得到耐火护套;
S2、将耐火涂层原料混合,搅拌均匀,涂覆在云母带表面,得到云母层;
S3、将铜单丝拉制至直径1.15-2.75mm,退火,将3-7根铜单丝绞合,挤包绝缘层、采用聚丙烯填充,随后依次将云母层绕包在导体线芯表面,再将耐火护套挤包在云母层表面,冷却固化后切割,得到耐火低压电缆。
综上所述,本申请具有以下有益效果:
(1)本申请通过控制低压电缆的结构以及耐火护套各原料的种类和掺量,使电缆的极限氧指数为31.9%,提高了低压电缆的耐火性。
(2)本申请通过控制耐火涂层原料中三聚氰胺磷酸盐与磷酸镧的重量份配比,使电缆的极限氧指数为32.1-32.3%,进一步提高了低压电缆的耐火性。
(3)本申请通过在制备改性纳米水滑石粉时十二烷基苯磺酸钠、含铬硅酸铝纤维和纳米水滑石粉的质量比,使电缆的极限氧指数为32.8%,进一步提高了低压电缆的耐火性。
(4)本申请通过在耐火护套原料中加入山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯与双环戊二烯合铁,并控制二者质量比,使电缆的极限氧指数最高为33.3%,在经过750℃燃烧90min后仍可保持正常导电,且本申请电缆在燃烧90s内并未出现熔滴现象,提高了低压电缆的耐火性能。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
本申请中的如下各原料均为市售产品,均为使本申请的各原料得以公开充分,不应当理解为对原料的来源产生限制作用。具体为:抗氧化剂,选用抗氧化剂1010;相容剂,选用马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯;润滑剂,选用液体石蜡;稳定剂,选用甲基锡热稳定剂,有效物质含量为99%;增塑剂,柠檬酸三丁酯,有效物质含量为99.9%。
以下为改性纳米滑石粉的制备例
制备例1
一种改性纳米水滑石粉,通过如下操作步骤制备得到:
将1kg含铬硅酸铝纤维和2kg纳米水滑石粉混合均匀,加入5L乙醇水溶液和1kg的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,搅拌均匀,得到改性纳米水滑石粉。
制备例2-3
制备例2-5的改性纳米水滑石粉与制备例1的制备方法相同,区别在于含铬硅酸铝纤维的质量为1.5kg和2kg,其余操作与制备例1相同。
制备例4-5
制备例4-5的改性纳米水滑石粉与制备例1的制备方法相同,区别在于十二烷基苯磺酸钠的质量为2.5kg和3kg,其余操作与制备例1相同。
实施例
实施例1
一种耐火低压电缆,其通过如下操作步骤制备得到:
S1、按照表1的掺量,将耐火护套原料混合、密炼、挤出造粒得到耐火护套;其中,改性纳米滑石粉选用制备例1制备得到的改性纳米滑石粉。
S2、按照表2的掺量,将耐火涂层原料混合,搅拌均匀,涂覆在云母带表面,得到云母层;
S3、将铜单丝拉制扁平,直径为2.5mm,退火,将5根铜单丝绞合,挤包绝缘层、采用聚丙烯填充,随后将云母层绕包在导体线芯表面,再将耐火护套挤包在云母层表面,冷却固化后切割,得到耐火低压电缆。其中绝缘层为交联聚乙烯绝缘层。
实施例2-3
实施例2-3的耐火低压电缆与实施例1的制备方法完全相同,区别在于各原料掺量不同,具体详见表1和表2所示。
表1实施例1-3的耐火护套的各原料掺量(单位:kg)
表2实施例1-3的耐火涂层的各原料掺量(单位:kg)
实施例4-8
实施例4-8的耐火低压电缆与实施例2的制备方法完全相同,区别在于耐火涂层的各原料掺量不同,具体详见表3所示。
表3实施例4-8的耐火涂层的各原料掺量(单位:kg)
实施例9-12
实施例9-12的耐火低压电缆与实施例6的制备方法完全相同,区别在于耐火护套层原料中的改性纳米水滑石粉分别选用制备例2-5制备得到的改性纳米水滑石粉,其余原料种类和掺量与实施例6相同。
实施例13-17
实施例13-17的耐火低压电缆与实施例11的制备方法完全相同,区别在于各原料掺量不同,具体详见表4所示。
表4实施例13-17的耐火护套的各原料掺量(单位:kg)
对比例1
对比例1的耐火低压电缆与实施例1的制备方法完全相同,区别在于:耐火护套层原料中未添加改性纳米水滑石粉,其余原料及掺量与实施例1相同。
对比例2
对比例2的耐火低压电缆与实施例1的制备方法完全相同,区别在于:将耐火护套层原料中改性纳米水滑石粉等量替换为纳米水滑石粉,其余原料及掺量与实施例1相同。
性能检测
采用如下检测标准或方法分别对不同实施例1-17和对比例1-2得到的耐火低压电缆进行性能检测,检测结果详见表5。
拉伸强度:参照GB/T1040-2018《塑料 拉伸性能的测定》对电缆进行拉伸强度的检测;
极限氧指数:参照GB/T 2406.1-2008《塑料 用氧指数法测定燃烧行为》对电缆进行极限氧指数的检测;
熔滴数测定:将电缆点燃,计量燃烧90s内的熔滴数。
耐火试验:将电缆置于在750℃燃烧90min,记录电缆是否保持正常导电。
表5不同耐火低压电缆的性能检测结果
由表5的检测结果表明,本申请得到的低压电缆的拉伸强度最高为35.7 MPa,且极限氧指数最高为33.3%,在经过750℃燃烧90min后仍可保持正常导电,具有较高的耐火性,且本申请电缆在燃烧90s内并未出现熔滴现象,提高了低压电缆的耐火性能。
从实施例1-3中,实施例2极限氧指数为31.9%,高于实施例1和实施例3,表明耐火护套原料中改性纳米水滑石粉的掺量较为合适,提高了低压电缆的耐火性。可能与改性纳米水滑石粉,具有透明性好、云母性好和耐候性好的优点,且其具有碱性,可吸收聚氯乙烯热分解释放出来的氯化氢,同时层间的碳酸根离子可与氯离子进行离子交换,具有一直聚氯乙烯自催化分解,稳定聚氯乙烯的效果,从而提高电缆的耐火性。采用含铬硅酸铝纤维插层水滑石粉,含铬硅酸铝纤维容重轻,具有较高的耐火性和隔热性能,可进一步提高水滑石粉的耐火性。
结合实施例2和实施例4-8电缆的性能检测数据发现,实施例5-7极限氧指数为32.1-32.3%,高于实施例2和4和实施例8,表明当耐火涂层原料中三聚氰胺磷酸盐与磷酸镧的重量份配比为1:(2.5-3.5)较为合适,提高了低压电缆的耐火性。可能与三聚氰胺磷酸盐具有较高的热稳定性,燃烧过程中会产生磷酸盐,其与磷酸镧混合,可进一步提高磷酸镧的耐火性,减缓火焰蔓延并降低火焰的热释放有关。
结合实施例9-12电缆的性能检测数据发现,实施例11电缆的极限氧指数为32.8%,高于实施例9-10和实施例12,表明在制备改性纳米水滑石粉时十二烷基苯磺酸钠、含铬硅酸铝纤维和纳米水滑石粉的质量比为1:(1-2):(2-3)较为合适,提高了低压电缆的耐火性。可能与调节十二烷基苯磺酸钠、含铬硅酸铝纤维和纳米水滑石粉的质量比,可进一步提高纳米水滑石粉的改性效果,从而进一步提高纳米水滑石粉的耐火性,从而进一步提高低压电缆的耐火性有关。
结合实施例13-17电缆的性能检测数据发现,实施例14-16电缆的极限氧指数为33.2-33.3%,高于实施例13和实施例17,表明耐火护套原料中山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯与双环戊二烯合铁的质量比为1:(3-5)较为合适,提高了低压电缆的耐火性。可能与加入山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯与双环戊二烯合铁混合,可提高双环戊二烯合铁在耐火护套层原料体系中的分散性,从而进一步提高双环戊二烯合铁在耐火护套层原料中的耐火作用有关。
结合实施例1和对比例1-2电缆的性能检测数据发现,在电缆耐火护套原料中加入改性纳米滑石粉,可提高低压电缆的耐火性。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (5)
1.一种耐火低压电缆,其特征在于,依次包括导体线芯、绝缘层、云母层、耐火护套;所述耐火护套包括如下重量份原料:聚氯乙烯树脂150-250份、改性纳米水滑石粉50-100份、稳定剂1-5份、增塑剂5-10份、抗氧化剂3-5份、润滑剂3-5份、相容剂5-10份、双环戊二烯合铁20-30份、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯5-10份;所述改性纳米水滑石粉为含铬硅酸铝纤维对纳米水滑石粉插层改性而得;
所述改性纳米水滑石粉具体通过如下操作步骤制备得到:将含铬硅酸铝纤维和纳米水滑石粉混合均匀,加入乙醇水溶液和十二烷基苯磺酸钠,搅拌均匀,得到改性纳米水滑石粉;
所述十二烷基苯磺酸钠、含铬硅酸铝纤维和纳米水滑石粉的质量比为1:(1-2):(2-3);
所述云母层为3-8层涂覆有耐火涂层的云母带;所述耐火涂层包括如下重量份的原料:磷酸镧60-80份、磷酸二氢铝20-30份、消泡剂2-3份、流平剂1-3份、水15-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐火低压电缆,其特征在于,所述山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯与双环戊二烯合铁的质量比为1:(3-5)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐火低压电缆,其特征在于,所述耐火涂层原料中还包括三聚氰胺磷酸盐;所述三聚氰胺磷酸盐与磷酸镧的重量份配比为1:(2.5-3.5)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐火低压电缆,其特征在于,所述导体线芯为铜线芯;所述铜线芯为圆形或异形。
5.一种权利要求1-4任一所述耐火低压电缆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:S1、将耐火护套原料混合、密炼、挤出造粒得到耐火护套;S2、将耐火涂层原料混合,搅拌均匀,涂覆在云母带表面,得到云母层;S3、将铜单丝拉制至直径1.15-2.75mm,退火,将3-7根铜单丝绞合,挤包绝缘层、采用聚丙烯填充,随后依次将云母层绕包在导体线芯表面,再将耐火护套挤包在云母层表面,冷却固化后切割,得到耐火低压电缆。
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