CN117256629A - 一种绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物杀菌剂技术领域,具体涉及一种绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂,所述绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂由有效成分和辅助成分制备而成;所述有效成分由寡雄腐霉菌与纳他霉素或双炔酰菌胺以1‑150:200‑1的质量比二元复配而成。本发明先筛选与寡雄腐霉菌具有较高生物相容性的化学药剂,并将其与寡雄腐霉菌进行复配,与单一有效成分相比,可以提高对病害的防治效果,降低防治成本和农药残留量,具有高效、绿色和环保效果;另外,还可以延缓病原菌抗药性的发展,延长药剂的使用寿命。本发明绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂中寡雄腐霉菌可以刺激植物产生抗病所需的植物激素,增强植物抗病能力,促进植物生长,增强植物防御机能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物杀菌剂技术领域,具体涉及一种绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂。
背景技术
寡雄腐霉菌是微生物杀菌剂,其对20多种植物病原真菌具有直接寄生作用和抗生作用,而且还能刺激植物产生抗病所需的植物激素,从而增强植物抗病能力,促进植物生长,增强植物防御机能。现有关于寡雄腐霉菌的生防应用和生物药剂的开发及生防机制的研究已有很多,但单独使用寡雄腐霉菌防治农作物病虫害时,防治效果易受外界环境的影响,且防治成本较高。而将生防菌与化学药剂混合使用,可以增强生防菌的竞争优势,达到稳定和提高生防菌防治效果的目的,同时还有助于降低防治成本。但是并非将生防菌与任意化学药剂混用都能达到上述效果,不合理的混用还会导致生防菌防治效果降低,因此,筛选与防菌合适的化学药剂很有必要。
另外,在农作物生产过程中,常用化学药剂来防治病害,但长期使用单一化学药剂容易导致病害抗药性的产生和发展,导致环境污染加重、农药残留增加和病害抗药性加剧等恶性循环。将不同成分的杀菌剂进行合理复配,筛选其中具有增效作用的配方,可以提高对病害的防治效果,延缓病害抗药性的产生,有助于降低环境压力和农药残留,可以作为农作物病害综合治理的有效有段。
目前还未见到寡雄腐霉菌与纳他霉素或双炔酰菌胺复配的相关报道。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂,以解决使用单一成分药剂存在的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂,所述绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂由有效成分和辅助成分制备而成;所述有效成分由寡雄腐霉菌与纳他霉素或双炔酰菌胺以1-150:200-1的质量比二元复配而成,其中,所述寡雄腐霉菌为100万孢子/克的寡雄腐霉菌可湿性粉剂。
更为具体的,所述寡雄腐霉菌与纳他霉素的质量比为1-10:5-1。
更为具体的,所述寡雄腐霉菌与双炔酰菌胺的质量比为1-9:3-1。
更为具体的,所述辅助成分选自分散剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、粘结剂、防冻剂、填料、防腐剂、消泡剂和溶剂中的一种或多种。
更为具体的,所述有效成分的质量百分比为0.1-75%。
本发明还提供了所述的绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂在防控植物病害中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明先筛选与寡雄腐霉菌具有较高生物相容性的化学药剂,并将其与寡雄腐霉菌进行复配,与单一有效成分相比,可以提高对病害的防治效果,降低防治成本和农药残留量,具有高效、绿色和环保效果;另外,还可以延缓病原菌抗药性的发展,延长药剂的使用寿命。
(2)本发明绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂中寡雄腐霉菌可以刺激植物产生抗病所需的植物激素,增强植物抗病能力,促进植物生长,增强植物防御机能。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明专利的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域所属的技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:寡雄腐霉菌对炭疽病病原菌的毒力测定
1.培养基配方
PDA培养基:马铃薯200g,葡萄糖15g,琼脂粉18g,蒸馏水定容至1L,自然pH值。
2.供试菌株
采集宿迁市沭阳县枇杷果实病样,带回实验室。在实验室内进行分离纯化,获得胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides),在PDA培养基上进行扩繁,保存,备用。
3.供试药剂
100万孢子/克的寡雄腐霉菌可湿性粉剂(捷克生物制剂股份有限公司)
4.试验方法
菌丝生长速率法(慕立义1994)。用0.1%吐温-80水溶液将供试药剂稀释成5个质量浓度梯度。
将1mL试验药剂与9mL PDA培养基(50-55℃)混匀,倒入直径为9cm的无菌培养皿中,冷却,凝固,形成含药平板。每个质量浓度药液设置5个平板,并以加入等量0.1%吐温-80水溶液的处理为空白对照。
用打孔器在扩繁后的菌落边缘切取直径为5mm的菌饼,接种于含药平板和空白平板的中央,盖上皿盖后置于25℃恒温箱培养。待空白对照的菌落直径接近培养皿直径的2/3时,用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,并利用下面的公式计算抑制率。
5.回归分析
以药剂浓度对数值为x,菌丝生长抑制率几率值为y进行线性回归,得出毒力回归方程及药剂对供试菌株的EC50值,结果见表1。
表1寡雄腐霉菌对胶孢炭疽菌的毒力测定
由表1知,微生物活性成分对番茄灰霉病病原菌的EC50为247.6912mg/L。
实施例2:生物相容性试验
1.培养基配方
PDA培养基:马铃薯200g,葡萄糖15g,琼脂粉18g,蒸馏水定容至1L,自然pH值。
2.供试微生物
挑取100万孢子/克的寡雄腐霉菌可湿性粉剂中的孢子,接种到PDA培养基上,扩繁备用。
3.供试化学药剂
40%宁南霉素母药(德强生物股份有限公司)
93%双炔酰菌胺原药(瑞士先正达作物保护有限公司)
97%粉唑醇原药(江苏七洲绿色化工股份有限公司)
99%肟醚菌胺原药(武汉宏信康精细化工有限公司)
95%唑菌酯原药(沈阳科创化学品有限公司)
95%纳他霉素原药(上海源叶生物科技有限公司)
95%溴菌腈原药(江苏托球农化股份有限公司)
98%嘧霉胺原药(山东维尤纳特生物科技有限公司)
4.试验方法
将各供试化学药剂先用二甲基亚砜溶解,再用0.1%吐温-80水溶液将溶解后的化学药剂稀释成多个质量浓度:0.1mg/L、0.25mg/L、0.5mg/L、1mg/L、2.5mg/L、5mg/L和10mg/L。
将1mL试验药剂与9mL PDA培养基(50-55℃)混匀,倒入直径为9cm的无菌培养皿中,冷却,凝固,形成含药平板。每个质量浓度药液设置3个平板,并以加入等量0.1%吐温-80水溶液的处理为空白对照。用打孔器在扩繁后的供试微生物菌落边缘切取直径为5mm的菌饼,接种于含药平板和空白平板的中央,盖上皿盖后置于28℃恒温箱培养。观察供试微生物的在平板上的生长情况。
结果:在0.1mg/L和0.25mg/L时,各供试化学药剂与供试微生物的生物相容性较好,供试微生物可以正常生长;在0.5mg/L时,供试微生物在含粉唑醇、宁南霉素、嘧霉胺和肟醚菌胺平板上生长明显受到抑制,并分别在2.5mg/L、2.5mg/L、2.5mg/L和1mg/L时停止生长;在1mg/L时,供试微生物在含唑菌酯和溴菌腈平板上生长受到较轻抑制,在2.5mg/L时抑制现象明显,并在5mg/L时停止生长;在5mg/L时,供试微生物在含纳他霉素平板上受到较轻抑制,在10mg/L时抑制现象加重,但还能生长;在10mg/L时,供试微生物在含双炔酰菌胺平板上生长受到轻微抑制。后续,选择纳他霉素和双炔酰菌胺与寡雄腐霉菌进行复配。
实施例3:寡雄腐霉菌复配对炭疽病病原菌的毒力测定
1.培养基配方
PDA培养基:马铃薯200g,葡萄糖15g,琼脂粉18g,蒸馏水定容至1L,自然pH值。
2.供试菌株
采集枇杷果实病样,带回实验室。在实验室内进行分离纯化,获得胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides),在PDA培养基上进行扩繁,保存,备用。
3.供试药剂
100万孢子/克的寡雄腐霉菌可湿性粉剂(捷克生物制剂股份有限公司)
95%纳他霉素原药(上海源叶生物科技有限公司)
93%双炔酰菌胺原药(瑞士先正达作物保护有限公司)
4.试验方法
菌丝生长速率法(慕立义1994)。用0.1%吐温-80水溶液将供试药剂稀释成5个质量浓度梯度。
将100万孢子/克寡雄腐霉菌可湿性粉剂(以质量100%计)用0.1%吐温-80水溶液稀释成单剂母液;将纳他霉素和双炔酰菌胺先用二甲基亚砜溶解,再用0.1%吐温-80水溶液稀释成单剂母液;设置多组配比,各单剂和配比混剂均按等比方法设置5个质量浓度梯度。以上所有药剂现配现用。
将1mL试验药剂与9mL PDA培养基(50-55℃)混匀,倒入直径为9cm的无菌培养皿中,冷却,凝固,形成含药平板。每个质量浓度药液设置5个平板,并以加入等量0.1%吐温-80水溶液的处理为空白对照。用打孔器在扩繁后的菌落边缘切取直径为5mm的菌饼,接种于含药平板和空白平板的中央,盖上皿盖后置于25℃恒温箱培养。待空白对照的菌落直径接近培养皿直径的2/3时,用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,并利用下面的公式计算抑制率。
5.回归分析
以药剂浓度对数值为x,菌丝生长抑制率几率值为y进行线性回归,得出毒力回归方程及药剂对供试菌株的EC50值,并根据Wadlley法评价增效作用。
SR≥1.5表示具有增效作用;SR≤0.5表示具有拮抗作用;0.5<SR<1.5表示具有相加作用,结果见表2-3。
表2寡雄腐霉菌与纳他霉素复配对炭疽病病原菌的毒力测定
由表2可以看出,寡雄腐霉菌和纳他霉素复配后对炭疽病病原菌的生物活性表现为增效作用。
表3寡雄腐霉菌与双炔酰菌胺复配对炭疽病病原菌的毒力测定
由表3可以看出,寡雄腐霉菌和双炔酰菌胺复配后对炭疽病病原菌的生物活性表现为增效作用。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式,并且很显然,根据上述教导,可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂,其特征在于,所述绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂由有效成分和辅助成分制备而成;所述有效成分由寡雄腐霉菌与纳他霉素或双炔酰菌胺以1-150:200-1的质量比二元复配而成,其中,所述寡雄腐霉菌为100万孢子/克的寡雄腐霉菌可湿性粉剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂,其特征在于,所述寡雄腐霉菌与纳他霉素的质量比为1-10:5-1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂,其特征在于,所述寡雄腐霉菌与双炔酰菌胺的质量比为1-9:3-1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂,其特征在于,所述辅助成分选自分散剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、粘结剂、防冻剂、填料、防腐剂、消泡剂和溶剂中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂,其特征在于,所述有效成分的质量百分比为0.1-75%。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的绿色环保活性微生物杀菌剂在防控植物病害中的应用。
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